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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Starling foraging behaviour

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Academic literature on the topic 'Starling foraging behaviour'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Starling foraging behaviour"

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Rahman, Md Touhidur, Shamia Farhana Shoma, Mohammed Mostafa Feeroz, and Md Kamrul Hasan. "Food and feeding behaviour of Chestnut-tailed Starling, Sturnia malabarica at Jahangirnagar University Campus, Bangladesh." Jahangirnagar University Journal of Biological Sciences 8, no. 1 (August 3, 2019): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jujbs.v8i1.42464.

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Food and feeding behaviour of Chestnut-tailed Starling, Sturnia malabarica were studied at Jahangirnagar University Campus, Bangladesh, from August 2016 to March 2017. A total of 414 observations were made on the feeding maneuver and it was noted that they were omnivorous consuming 67.15% animal diet compared to 20.53%plant diet.They predominantly consumedinsect larvae(39%) followed by beetles (16%), nectar (14%), food wastes (12%), fruits (7%), dragonflies (7%), damselflies (3%), and worms (2%).Among the five types of feeding modes recorded,hang-upmode (37.92%) was major feeding technique in Chestnuttailed Starling while pecking mode (6.76%)was least used. Rain tree (Samanea saman) (33.76%) followed by White siris (Albizia procera) (30.55%) was recorded as the most utilized foraging plant while mostly preferred perching height by Chestnut-tailed Starling was 6-9m (44.9%) followed by 3-6m (31.6%). Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 8(1): 17-23, 2019 (June)

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Wood, Andrew J., and Graeme J. Ackland. "Evolving the selfish herd: emergence of distinct aggregating strategies in an individual-based model." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 274, no. 1618 (May 2007): 1637–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2007.0306.

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From zebra to starlings, herring and even tadpoles, many creatures move in an organized group. The emergent behaviour arises from simple underlying movement rules, but the evolutionary pressure which favours these rules has not been conclusively identified. Various explanations exist for the advantage to the individual of group formation: reduction of predation risk; increased foraging efficiency or reproductive success. Here, we adopt an individual-based model for group formation and subject it to simulated predation and foraging; the haploid individuals evolve via a genetic algorithm based on their relative success under such pressure. Our work suggests that flock or herd formation is likely to be driven by predator avoidance. Individual fitness in the model is strongly dependent on the presence of other phenotypes, such that two distinct types of evolved group can be produced by the same predation or foraging conditions, each stable against individual mutation. We draw analogies with multiple Nash equilibria theory of iterated games to explain and categorize these behaviours. Our model is sufficient to capture the complex behaviour of dynamic collective groups, yet is flexible enough to manifest evolutionary behaviour.

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Lima, Steven L. "Sampling behavior of starlings foraging in simple patchy environments." Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 16, no. 2 (January 1985): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00295147.

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Mason, G. J. "CONTRAFREELOADING IN STARLINGS: TESTING THE INFORMATION HYPOTHESIS." Behaviour 136, no. 10-11 (1999): 1267–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853999500712.

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AbstractContrafreeloading (CFL) behaviour, in which animals forage persistently in patches that require effort to exploit when patches containing ad lib. food are easily available, seems to contradict the predictions of optimal foraging theory. However, it has been proposed that contrafreeloaders are in fact exploiting a hidden resource, namely information about patches that may be useful in future foraging attempts. We performed two experiments on starlings Sturnus vulgaris to test this hypothesis by determining the circumstances in which CFL occurs and assessing whether any useful information is acquired by animals performing the behaviour. In accordance with previous results we found that CFL is reduced when foragers are previously deprived of food and also when there are means of gathering information aside from sampling (namely when patches that require effort to exploit can be visually inspected). We also found that useful information is acquired by birds that perform CFL, in that when subsequently tested in extinction with the best patch removed they reliably chose the patch that had been the second best. These results are consistent with the information gain hypothesis. However, birds with low levels of CFL did not perform discernably worse in this test of patch knowledge and experimental reductions in CFL achieved through deprivation treatments did not produce apparent reductions in useful information possessed.

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Olsson, Ola, Måns Bruun, and Henrik G. Smith. "Starling foraging success in relation to agricultural land-use." Ecography 25, no. 3 (May 31, 2002): 363–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0587.2002.250313.x.

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Fernández-Juricic, Esteban, Rebecca Smith, and Alex Kacelnik. "Increasing the costs of conspecific scanning in socially foraging starlings affects vigilance and foraging behaviour." Animal Behaviour 69, no. 1 (January 2005): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2004.01.019.

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Clark, L. "Thermal constraints on foraging in adult european starlings." Oecologia 71, no. 2 (January 1987): 233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00377289.

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Dunn, Jonathon, Clare Andrews, Daniel Nettle, and Melissa Bateson. "Early-life begging effort reduces adult body mass but strengthens behavioural defence of the rate of energy intake in European starlings." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 5 (May 2018): 171918. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.171918.

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Animals require strategies for coping with periods when food is scarce. Such strategies include storing fat as a buffer, and defending the rate of energy intake by changing foraging behaviour when food becomes difficult to obtain. Storage and behavioural defence may constitute alternative strategies for solving the same problem. We would thus expect any developmental influences that limit fat storage in adulthood to also induce a compensatory alteration in adult foraging behaviour, specifically when food is hard to obtain. In a cohort of hand-reared European starlings, we found that higher manipulated early-life begging effort caused individuals to maintain consistently lower adult body mass over a period of two years. Using an operant foraging task in which we systematically varied the costs of obtaining food, we show that higher early-life begging effort also caused stronger behavioural defence of the rate of energy intake when food was more costly to obtain. Among individuals with the same developmental history, however, those individuals who defended their rate of energy intake most strongly were also the heaviest. Our results are relevant to understanding why there are marked differences in body weight and foraging behaviour even among individuals inhabiting the same environment.

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Inman, Alastair J. "Group foraging in starlings: distributions of unequal competitors." Animal Behaviour 40, no. 5 (November 1990): 801–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-3472(05)80981-9.

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Brito e Abreu, Fausto, and Alex Kacelnik. "Energy budgets and risk-sensitive foraging in starlings." Behavioral Ecology 10, no. 3 (May 1999): 338–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/10.3.338.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Starling foraging behaviour"

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Cuthill, I. C. "Experimental studies in optimal foraging theory." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.371519.

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Whitehead, Siân Carolyn. "Foraging behaviour and habitat use in the European starling, Sturnus vulgaris, in an agricultural environment." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:74a0c54e-86a0-4cf4-ab26-d82b305febc6.

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Recent changes in agricultural practice have reduced the diversity of habitats for a number of bird species, including the European Starling Sturnus vulgaris. I investigated the distribution of a starling population on farmland, and related this distribution to the availability of suitable habitats by studying the foraging behaviour of individual birds. I observed a preference of the overwintering flock for established pasture fields, particularly those which were closer to the central roost, which had shorter grass and which provided feeding areas further from hedges. I also demonstrated the role of leatherjacket Tipula paludosa availabilities in influencing the starlings' choice of feeding site. These prey were shown experimentally to be preferred over earthworms Lumbricus spp. which were the other main type of invertebrate prey available. I was unable to detect any systematic temporal pattern of habitat use which could have been linked to an appropriate theoretical framework (e.g. Ideal Free Distribution). I investigated the impact of starling foraging on prey availability by observing the behaviour of captive starlings allowed to forage in small enclosures. These experiments indicated that, at the level of foraging pressure expected in natural flocks, there was no significant resource depression during a single flock feeding visit to any one site. Furthermore I proposed that the extent of resource depression during the winter was insufficient to cause a shift in the birds' choice of foraging habitat over this period. The apparent lack of effects of resource depression raised the question of why starlings did not feed in the most preferred fields all the time. Further enclosure experiments investigated how an individual's foraging success might be affected by feeding with conspecifics. I found no evidence for enhancement or depression of foraging success as a result of feeding where another bird had just previously foraged, and little evidence for an effect of feeding in the presence of two other birds, despite changes in vigilance and time spent fighting. A possibly greater heterogeneity of these effects when in the natural flock situation was considered in relation to the observed flock departures. These and other effects (e.g. sampling the environment) were discussed as possible causes for the observed flock movements between fields. A final enclosure experiment investigated the impact of starling foraging on prey availability during the breeding season and demonstrated significant resource depression in a preferred field over the chick-feeding period. I then discussed starling foraging and the availability of suitable habitats in relation to the documented population decline of this species.

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Rhymer, Caroline Margaret. "Foraging behaviour of the European Starling Sturnus vulgaris : a case study to explore the potential implications of climate change on ground-probing birds." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1902.

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It is well established that farmland bird population declines are strongly linked to the land use and management changes associated with increased agricultural intensification. In future, climate change is predicted to be an increasingly important driver of bird population changes. A substantial number of studies have investigated the large scale impacts of climate change on species’ distribution and abundance. However, few have examined in detail specific ecological impacts of climate change on bird demographics that would allow predictions of the effects of climate on bird populations. Here I show that below-ground prey form a key part of the diet, of my study species, the Starling Sturnus vulgaris, on UK grassland in both the breeding and non-breeding season. I then show that soil moisture mediates intake rates of below-ground prey using field experiments on wild-caught Starlings. Intermediate soils provided the best foraging opportunities with both saturated and dry soils being suboptimal I then linked delivery of below-ground prey to reproductive success. A study of adult provisioning of nestlings (n= 42 nests), over a four year period, established that the delivery of below-ground prey, specifically Tipulidae larvae, was mediated by changes in soil moisture and linked to Starling reproductive success via changes in fledgling survival. Analysis of fledgling success at a range of sites (n=132) provided evidence that an increase in the mean spring (April-June) soil moisture deficit over a twenty year period was a significant driver of Starling population dynamics in Britain; even after controlling for temporal changes in starling xi populations (likely to be linked to agricultural intensification). I conclude by discussing different management options to alter soil moisture levels on grassland to benefit both ground-probing birds and the impacts on a range of other ecosystem services (e.g. reducing flood risk).

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Vasquez, Rodrigo A. "Decision making in variable environments : individuals, groups, and populations." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297305.

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Freidin, Esteban. "Rationality, foraging, and associative learning : an integraltive approach." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:76c2b5f0-aa69-4cb7-9bfb-21b14dd510d2.

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One basic requisite for rationality is that choices are consistent across situations. Animals commonly violate rationality premises as evidenced, for example, by context-dependent choices, and such apparent irrationalities stand as paradoxes that instigate re-examination of some assumptions in behaviour ecological modelling. The goal of the present thesis was to study the psychological mechanisms underlying apparent irrationalities in order to assess the functional implications of general processes of valuation and choice. A common thread through the different studies is the hypothesis that most animal 'irrationalities' are due to misinterpretation of what the optimum would be in natural circumstances, and hence of the maximised currency in the theoretical predictions. I believe that the trait that may have been of paramount influence in many organisms' selective history was the ability to learn about the predictability of events and their biological value, and that this is implemented in an overriding force of associative learning mechanisms. In chapters 2 and 3, I present evidence of context-dependent foraging choices in European starlings, Sturnus vulgaris, in the laboratory, and I implement a version of the Rescorla- Wagner learning model to account for both present data and apparent irrationalities reported by other authors. In chapter 4, I test the notion that context dependence may in fact be adaptive when animals face sequential choices, namely when they have to decide whether to take a prey item or to skip it in order to search for better alternatives. In chapter 5, I explore the functional implications of starlings' relative responding to incentives during an unexpected shortfall in reinforcement, and I also examine the extent to which information about the new environmental status helps them avoid energetic and time costs commonly seen in uninformed individuals. Last, in chapter 6, I present a brief summary of the main discussions considered and conclusions reached along this thesis.

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Monteiro, Pedro Tiago dos Santos. "Experimental studies in simple choice behaviour." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ae36e6ba-c4ff-4b5f-9f49-5c921707baa2.

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This thesis addresses decision mechanisms in foraging situations, using laboratory experiments with European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris). Building on previous work from the Behavioural Ecology Research Group, I chose the Sequential Choice Model (SCM; reviewed in Kacelnik et al., 2011 − Appendix 1) as a starting point, and tested its premises and predictions generalising it to different experimental protocols. Classical decision models do not relate choice preferences to behaviour towards isolated options, and assume that choices involve time-consuming evaluations of all alternatives. However, previous work found that starlings’ responses to isolated options predict preference in choices, and that response times to single-option encounters are not reliably longer than response times in choices. Since, in the wild, options are normally encountered sequentially, dealing with isolated options can be considered of greater biological, and possibly psychological, significance than simultaneous decisions. Following this rationale, the SCM postulates that when multiple simultaneous stimuli are met they are processed in parallel, each competing against the memory of background opportunities, rather than comparing present options to each other. At the time of launching this research, these ideas had only been applied to protocols involving just two deterministic alternatives and offering no chance to explore the influence of learning history (i.e., how animals learn to choose; see Chapter 4). To increase their relevance and offer more rigorous tests, I generalised them to situations with multiple (see Chapters 2, 4 and 5), and in some cases probabilistic alternatives (see Chapter 3), controlling the learning regime. I combined these extensions with tests of economic rationality (see Chapter 6), a concept that is presently facing sustained debates. Integrating the result of all experimental chapters (see Chapter 7), my results support the notion that behaviour in single-option encounters is fundamental to understand choice behaviour. The important issue of whether choices involve a decision time cost or the opposite, a shortening of response times, remains unsolved, as neither could be evidenced reliably.

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Book chapters on the topic "Starling foraging behaviour"

1

Kacelink, A., and I. C. Cuthill. "Starlings and Optimal Foraging Theory: Modelling in a Fractal World." In Foraging Behavior, 303–33. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1839-2_9.

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