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Journal articles on the topic 'Starfishes'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 July 2024

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1

Fedyunin, V. A., A. A. Poromov, and A. V. Smurov. "INFLUENCE OF METALS ON SURVIVAL AND LIFE ACTIVITY OF STARFISHES ASTERIAS RUBENS." Toxicological Review, no. 4 (August 28, 2018): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.36946/0869-7922-2018-4-29-34.

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The effect of metals chlorides (cobalt, manganese, iron, lead, cadmium and copper) at wide range of concentrations on various aspects of the life of starfishes Asterias rubens has been studied. The experiments included a survival and behavioral responses (righting time) evaluation of starfishes during the seven-day exposure. Copper is the most toxic of the studied metals (half-lethal concentration LC50 = 0,062±0,01 mg/L, 96 hours of exposure), then toxicity decrease in the following order: lead (LC50 = 1,99±0,08 mg/L), cadmium (LC50 = 1,6±0,1 mg/L), cobalt (LC50 = 57,7±2,1 mg/L), manganese (LC50= 79,7±4,3 mg/L). Iron at studied concentrations did not influence the starfish’s survival. Copper, lead and cadmium led to a significant increase of the righting time after 96 hours of exposure. The toxic effects of these metals, except for copper, were revealed at higher concentration then Russian norms for surface waters.

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2

Mekhova, E. S., and P. Yu Dgebuadze. "Trophic interactions between gall-forming molluscs Stilifer spp. (Gastropoda, Eulimidae) and their hosts (Echinodermata)." Ruthenica, Russian Malacological Journal 30, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.35885/ruthenica.2021.30(4).2.

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The trophic relationships between two species of symbiotic gall-forming molluscs from the genus Stilifer (family Eulimidae) and two of their hosts-asteroid species, Linckia laevigata and Culcita noveaguineae, were investigated using the stable isotope analysis of carbon and nitrogen. The aim of present study was to identify the most preferable host tissue in the symbionts’ diet. We analyzed δ15N and δ13C values in tube-feet, gonads and digestive glands of the hosts-starfishes and in muscles of the molluscs. Both symbiont species did not differ to each other both in δ15N and δ13C values. The average δ15N and δ13C values of Stilifer variabilis were significantly different from the digestive glands and gonads of their host Culcita novaeguineae and did not show differences from the tube-feet of starfishes. A similar pattern was found in the symbiotic association of Stilifer utinomi and Linckia laevigata. The tube-feet of analyzed starfishes had significantly higher average δ15N and δ13C values than the digestive glands and gonads. Obtained isotopic signatures indicate that symbionts do not feed on the host's tissues, but take nutrients from their digestive system. It seems that the proboscis of Stilifer spp. absorbs the nutrients from the digestive system of the host-starfish thereby not disturbing significantly the host's immune system.

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3

Kishimura, Hideki, and Kenji Hayashi. "Proteolytic activity of starfishes." NIPPON SUISAN GAKKAISHI 55, no. 5 (1989): 843–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2331/suisan.55.843.

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4

Saotome, Kyoko, and Mieko Komatsu. "Chromosomes of Japanese Starfishes." Zoological Science 19, no. 10 (October 2002): 1095–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.2108/zsj.19.1095.

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5

Riccio, R., O. Squillace Greco, L. Minale, D. Duhet, D. Laurent, J. Pusset, G. Chauviere, and M. Pusset. "Starfish Saponins, Part 28. Steroidal Glycosides from Pacific Starfishes of the Genus Nardoa." Journal of Natural Products 49, no. 6 (November 1986): 1141–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np50048a036.

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6

Zollo, Franco, Easter Finamore, Raffaele Riccio, and Luigi Minale. "Starfish Saponins, Part 37. Steroidal Glycoside Sulfates from Starfishes of the Genus Pisaster." Journal of Natural Products 52, no. 4 (July 1989): 693–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np50064a004.

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7

Paramonov, Alexander S., Mikhail A. Shulepko, Alexey M. Makhonin, Maxim L. Bychkov, Dmitrii S. Kulbatskii, Andrey M. Chernikov, Mikhail Yu Myshkin, et al. "New Three-Finger Protein from Starfish Asteria rubens Shares Structure and Pharmacology with Human Brain Neuromodulator Lynx2." Marine Drugs 20, no. 8 (August 3, 2022): 503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md20080503.

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Three-finger proteins (TFPs) are small proteins with characteristic three-finger β-structural fold stabilized by the system of conserved disulfide bonds. These proteins have been found in organisms from different taxonomic groups and perform various important regulatory functions or act as components of snake venoms. Recently, four TFPs (Lystars 1–4) with unknown function were identified in the coelomic fluid proteome of starfish A. rubens. Here we analyzed the genomes of A. rubens and A. planci starfishes and predicted additional five and six proteins containing three-finger domains, respectively. One of them, named Lystar5, is expressed in A. rubens coelomocytes and has sequence homology to the human brain neuromodulator Lynx2. The three-finger structure of Lystar5 close to the structure of Lynx2 was confirmed by NMR. Similar to Lynx2, Lystar5 negatively modulated α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) expressed in X. laevis oocytes. Incubation with Lystar5 decreased the expression of acetylcholine esterase and α4 and α7 nAChR subunits in the hippocampal neurons. In summary, for the first time we reported modulator of the cholinergic system in starfish.

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8

Ebert, Thomas A. "Life-History Analysis of Asterinid Starfishes." Biological Bulletin 241, no. 3 (December 1, 2021): 231–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/716913.

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9

Lazzara, Arizza, Luparello, Mauro, and Vazzana. "Bright Spots in The Darkness of Cancer: A Review of Starfishes-Derived Compounds and Their Anti-Tumor Action." Marine Drugs 17, no. 11 (October 29, 2019): 617. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md17110617.

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The fight against cancer represents a great challenge for researchers and, for this reason, the search for new promising drugs to improve cancer treatments has become inevitable. Oceans, due to their wide diversity of marine species and environmental conditions have proven to be precious sources of potential natural drugs with active properties. As an example, in this context several studies performed on sponges, tunicates, mollusks, and soft corals have brought evidence of the interesting biological activities of the molecules derived from these species. Also, echinoderms constitute an important phylum, whose members produce a huge number of compounds with diverse biological activities. In particular, this review is the first attempt to summarize the knowledge about starfishes and their secondary metabolites that exhibited a significant anticancer effect against different human tumor cell lines. For each species of starfish, the extracted molecules, their effects, and mechanisms of action are described.

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10

Smirnova, G. P., and N. V. Chekareva. "S19.17 Unusual structures of gangliosides from starfishes." Glycoconjugate Journal 10, no. 4 (August 1993): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01210171.

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11

Ling, S. D., Z. L. Cowan, J. Boada, E. B. Flukes, and M. S. Pratchett. "Homing behaviour by destructive crown-of-thorns starfish is triggered by local availability of coral prey." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1938 (November 4, 2020): 20201341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.1341.

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Corallivorous crown-of-thorns starfishes ( Acanthaster spp.) can decimate coral assemblages on Indo-Pacific coral reefs during population outbreaks. While initial drivers of population irruptions leading to outbreaks remain largely unknown, subsequent dispersal of outbreaks appears coincident with depletion of coral prey. Here, we used in situ time-lapse photography to characterize movement of the Pacific crown-of-thorns starfish ( Acanthaster cf. solaris ) in the northern and southern Great Barrier Reef in 2015, during the fourth recorded population outbreak of the starfish, but prior to widespread coral bleaching. Daily tracking of 58 individuals over a total of 1117 h revealed all starfish to move a minimum of 0.52 m, with around half of all tracked starfish showing negligible daily displacement (less than 1 m day −1 ), ranging up to a maximum of 19 m day −1 . Movement was primarily nocturnal and daily displacement varied spatially with variation in local availability of Acropora spp., which is the preferred coral prey. Two distinct behavioural modes emerged: (i) homing movement, whereby tracked paths (as tested against a random-walk-model) involved short displacement distances following distinct ‘outward' movement to Acropora prey (typically displaying ‘feeding scars') and ‘homebound' movement to nearby shelter; versus (ii) roaming movement, whereby individuals showed directional movement beyond initial tracking positions without return. Logistic modelling revealed more than half of all tracked starfish demonstrated homing when local abundance (percentage cover) of preferred Acropora coral prey was greater than 33%. Our results reveal facultative homing by Acanthaster with the prey-dependent behavioural switch to roaming forays providing a mechanism explaining localized aggregations and diffusion of these population irruptions as prey is locally depleted.

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12

Riccio, Raffaele, Franco Zollo, Ester Finamore, Luigi Minale, Dominique Laurent, Georges Bargibant, and Jacques Pusset. "Starfish Saponins, 19. A Novel Steroidal Glycoside Sulfate from the Starfishes Protoreaster nodosus and Pentaceraster alveolatus." Journal of Natural Products 48, no. 2 (March 1985): 266–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np50038a011.

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13

Kim, Jong Ik, Hyun Bo Shim, and Sung Rak Kim. "The Amur starfishes recognition using the adaptive filter." Journal of the Korean Institute of Information and Communication Engineering 17, no. 4 (April 30, 2013): 922–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.6109/jkiice.2013.17.4.922.

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14

Feuda, Roberto, and Andrew B. Smith. "Phylogenetic Signal Dissection Identifies the Root of Starfishes." PLOS ONE 10, no. 5 (May 8, 2015): e0123331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0123331.

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15

Agassiz, Alexander. "XXIX.-Notes on the Embryology of Starfishes. (Tornaria.)." Annals of The Lyceum of Natural History of New York 8, no. 1 (May 22, 2009): 240–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1867.tb00316.x.

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16

Barroso, R., D. Almeida, M. Contins, D. Filgueiras, and R. Dias. "Hermodice carunculata (Pallas, 1766) (Polychaeta: Amphinomidae) preying on starfishes." Marine Biodiversity 46, no. 2 (September 11, 2015): 333–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12526-015-0394-9.

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17

Bruno, I., M. V. D'Auria, M. Iorizzi, L. Minale, and R. Riccio. "Marine eicosanoids: Occurrence of 8,11,12-trihydroxylated eicosanoic acids in starfishes." Experientia 48, no. 1 (January 1992): 114–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01923622.

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18

DAVYDOV, P. V., O. I. SHUBRAVYI, and S. G. VASSETZKY. "Larval Development of Starfishes as Revealed by Long-term Culture of the Embryos. (starfish/larval debelopment/ciliary bands/SEM study)." Development, Growth and Differentiation 30, no. 5 (October 1988): 463–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-169x.1988.00463.x.

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19

Levina, E. V., A. I. Kalinovsky, V. A. Stonik, P. S. Dmiternok, and P. V. Andriyashchenko. "Steroid Compounds from Far Eastern Starfishes Henricia aspera and H. tumida." Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry 31, no. 5 (September 2005): 467–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11171-005-0064-y.

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20

Ringvold, Halldis. "Starfishes (Echinodermata, Asteroidea) new for the Faroe Islands, collected by “BIOFAR”." Sarsia 84, no. 5-6 (January 1999): 469–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00364827.1999.10807353.

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21

Maoka, Takashi, Miyuki Tsushima, and Takao Matsuno. "new acetylenic carotenoids from the starfishes Asterina pectinifera and Asterias amurensis." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Comparative Biochemistry 93, no. 4 (January 1989): 829–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-0491(89)90054-0.

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22

Stanley-Samuelson, D. W. "Comparative eicosanoid physiology in invertebrate animals." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 260, no. 5 (May 1, 1991): R849—R853. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1991.260.5.r849.

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A comparative survey of eicosanoid physiology in invertebrate animals is presented. Topics include host skin penetration behavior in blood flukes, oocyte maturation in starfishes, prevention of polyspermic fertilizations in sea urchins, ion regulation in bivalves, egg production in snails, egg release in scallops, neurobiology of Aplysia, hatching in barnacles, and release of egg-laying behavior in some insects. Some eicosanoid actions, such as ion regulation, may be common to most vertebrate and invertebrate animals, whereas other actions, such as mediation of whole organism behavior, are not shared. Comparative physiology is revealing that the biological significance of eicosanoids extends far beyond vertebrate animals.

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23

Kicha, Alla A., Anatoly I. Kalinovsky, Alexander S. Antonov, Oleg S. Radchenko, Natalia V. Ivanchina, Timofey V. Malyarenko, Alexander M. Savchenko, and Valentin A. Stonik. "Determination of C-23 Configuration in (20R)-23-Hydroxycholestane Side Chain of Steroid Compounds by 1H and 13C NMR Spectroscopy." Natural Product Communications 8, no. 9 (September 2013): 1934578X1300800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1300800908.

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Epimeric (20 R,23 R)- and (20 R,23 S)-23-hydroxycholestane steroids were synthesized. Their structures were elucidated by extensive 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and application of the Mosher's method. All proton and carbon signals of the side chains were assigned. Based on these assignments spectral data allow the determination of the C-23 stereochemistry of (20 R)-23-hydroxycholestane side chains of the new natural steroids by comparison with spectra of the obtained model compounds. As a result, the C-23 configuration of two steroid compounds from the starfishes Lethasterias nanimensis chelifera and Lethasterias fusca was established.

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24

Dales, R. P. "Phagocyte interactions in echinoid and asteroid echinoderms." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 72, no. 2 (May 1992): 473–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400037838.

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Phagocytes of the starfishes Asterias rubens L., and Marthasterias ghcialis (L.) (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) phagocytose allogeneic and xenogeneic phagocytes in vivo, but form non-reactive aggregates or syncytia in vitro. The coelomocytes of the sea urchins Echinus esculentus (Mortensen) and Psammechimts miliaris (Gmelin), (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) also form aggregates or syncytia with allogeneic and xenogeneic cells in vitro. Mutual cy totoxicity could not be demonstrated either by enzyme-release or by decrease in numbers of viable cells in cultures of mixed origin as compared with autogeneic controls. The factors which may govern cell recognition and behaviour are discussed.

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25

Obukhova, E. S., A. M. Rozhina, V. P. Voronin, P. Yu Dgebuadze, and S. A. Murzina. "Antimicrobial Activity of Lipid Extracts of Echinoderms in the Nhatrang Bay (South China Sea)." Doklady Biochemistry and Biophysics 503, no. 1 (April 2022): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1607672922020119.

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Abstract The obtained results on the study of the antimicrobial activity of lipid extracts of tissues of starfishes Linckia laevigata and Culcita novaeguineae and sea urchin Diadema setosum collected in the Nhatrang Bay (South China Sea) against nosocomial strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecium, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida sp., Streptococcus pyogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus are presented. The effect of the investigated extracts on Gram-positive, Gram-negative microorganisms, as well as yeast of the genus Candida, was determined. It was found that lipid extracts of echinoderms of the Nhatrang Bay exhibit the highest antimicrobial activity against the Gram-positive microorganisms, namely Streptococcus pyogenes.

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26

Blake, Daniel B., Daniel A. Janies, and Rich Mooi. "Evolution of Starfishes: Morphology, Molecules, Development, and Paleobiology. Introduction to the Symposium1." American Zoologist 40, no. 3 (June 2000): 311–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1668/0003-1569(2000)040[0311:eosmmd]2.0.co;2.

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27

Gondim, Anne, Martin Lindsey Christoffersen, and Thelma Dias. "Taxonomic guide and historical review of starfishes in northeastern Brazil (Echinodermata, Asteroidea)." ZooKeys 449 (October 22, 2014): 1–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.449.6813.

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28

KADOTA, Nobuyuki, Hiroko NARITA, Ritsuko MURAKAMI, and Tamao NOGUCHI. "The Toxicity of Starfishes, Astropecten Genus, Inhabiting the Coast of Toyama Bay." Journal of the Food Hygienic Society of Japan (Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi) 49, no. 6 (2008): 422–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3358/shokueishi.49.422.

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29

Blake, Daniel B., Daniel A. Janies, and Rich Mooi. "Evolution of Starfishes: Morphology, Molecules, Development, and Paleobiology. Introduction to the Symposium." American Zoologist 40, no. 3 (June 2000): 311–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/40.3.311.

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30

López Casares, Daniel, José Carlos Hernández Pérez, José Tena Medialdea, and José Rafael García March. "Preliminary study of the population and reproductive dynamics of Echinaster sepositus (Spinulosida: Echinasteridae) in Cala del Racó." Revista de Biología Tropical 72, S1 (March 1, 2024): e58967. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v72is1.58967.

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Introduction: The red starfish (Echinaster sepositus) is one of the most common asteroid species in the Mediterranean Sea. However, information about their biology or their role in benthic communities is scarce. Objective: This study aims to provide new information on the ecology of this species through the temporal characterization of the population of E. sepositus in Cala del Racó (Alicante, Spain) and the in situ monitoring of its reproductive cycle. Methods: For this purpose, three study areas were established at different depths. For each of the recorded starfish, data about the size, the substrate on which it was found, the area, the depth and the sex in the case of observing the reproduction were collected. Results: A total of 19 samplings have been carried out throughout a year of study. In this way, it has been possible to observe that the density of individuals increases in the shallower zone during autumn and winter, when the temperature drops to 14.13 ºC, while it decreases in spring and summer when the temperature rises to 27.17 ºC. Those results are reversed in the deepest part of the study. The highest density of individuals (0.51 ind/m2) occurred in October. Arborescent photophilic algae and crustose coralline algae were the substrates with the highest number of E. sepositus recorded. Medium to large specimens are located preferably on crustose coralline algae or arborescent photophilic algae, while smaller individuals were mostly located on Posidonia oceanica. No specimens of E. sepositus were observed spawning. Conclusions: Data leads to assume that there is a migration of starfishes towards more superficial areas when the water is at colder temperature and towards deeper areas when the temperature increases. It is valued the possibility that there is a change in the nutritional needs of E. sepositus throughout its development. According to our observations, the future reproduction studies should be concentrated between late-summer and early-autumn.

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31

Malyarenko, Timofey V., Alla A. Kicha, Valentin A. Stonik, and Natalia V. Ivanchina. "Sphingolipids of Asteroidea and Holothuroidea: Structures and Biological Activities." Marine Drugs 19, no. 6 (June 8, 2021): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19060330.

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Sphingolipids are complex lipids widespread in nature as structural components of biomembranes. Commonly, the sphingolipids of marine organisms differ from those of terrestrial animals and plants. The gangliosides are the most complex sphingolipids characteristic of vertebrates that have been found in only the Echinodermata (echinoderms) phylum of invertebrates. Sphingolipids of the representatives of the Asteroidea and Holothuroidea classes are the most studied among all echinoderms. In this review, we have summarized the data on sphingolipids of these two classes of marine invertebrates over the past two decades. Recently established structures, properties, and peculiarities of biogenesis of ceramides, cerebrosides, and gangliosides from starfishes and holothurians are discussed. The purpose of this review is to provide the most complete information on the chemical structures, structural features, and biological activities of sphingolipids of the Asteroidea and Holothuroidea classes.

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32

SETIAMARGA, DAVIN H. E., RENA SHIBA, YUKI KAMITO, MASAKI YAMAMOTO, NAZIFA NAZIHA BT RAZALI, MIKIHITO ARAI, TOSHIHIKO FUJITA, and CHRISTOPHER L. MAH. "Two partial mitochondrial gene sequences (COI and 12S-rRNA) suggested that Ceramaster japonicus (Sladen, 1889) and Ceramaster patagonicus (Sladen, 1889) (Asteroidea: Goniasteridae) from the Japanese waters are probably of the same species." Zoosymposia 15, no. 1 (October 21, 2019): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zoosymposia.15.1.15.

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Our recent morphological studies on the echinoderm collection of the National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo (NMST), indicated that the goniasterid starfishes Ceramaster japonicus (Sladen, 1889) and Ceramaster patagonicus (Sladen, 1889) are distributed in the Pacific Oceanside of Japan. In this study, we studied the NMST samples of C. japonicus and C. patagonicus from Japan, by using two mitochondrial DNA genes, the COI and 12S-rRNA, as markers to test relationships between these species in Japan. C. patagonicus sequences from GenBank were mined and included in the analyses. Results of phylogenetic and haplotype network analyses of both genes (final sequence lengths: COI = 317 bp, 12S = 477 bp) suggested that "Ceramaster patagonicus" and "Ceramaster japonicus" from Japanese waters are almost certainly synonymous without any population structure inside Japan.

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33

SAKAJI, Hideo, and Takashi OKUTANI. "ASSOCIATION OF PERICLIMENES SOROR NOBILI(DECAPODA, CARIDEA) WITH STARFISHES OFF KUROSHIMA ISLAND, YAEYAMA GROUP." Researches on Crustasea 17 (1988): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18353/rcustacea.17.0_29.

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34

Konieczny, Martin, and Christos N. Likos. "From sea-urchins to starfishes: controlling the adsorption of star-branched polyelectrolytes on charged walls." Soft Matter 3, no. 9 (2007): 1130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b708788h.

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35

KURIHARA, TAKEO. "Effects of Sediment and Depth on Species Composition of Starfishes (Asteroidea) in Wakasa Bay, Japan Sea." BENTHOS RESEARCH 1996, no. 50 (1996): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5179/benthos1990.1996.50_1.

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36

Miyazawa, K., T. Noguchi, J. Maruyama, J. K. Jeon, M. Otsuka, and K. Hashimoto. "Occurrence of tetrodotoxin in the starfishes Astropecten polyacanthus and A. scoparius in the Seto Inland Sea." Marine Biology 90, no. 1 (December 1985): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00428215.

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37

Setyowati, Desy Andaru, Supriharyono Supriharyono, and Wiwiet Teguh Taufani. "BIOEKOLOGI BINTANG LAUT (ASTEROIDEA) DI PERAIRAN PULAU MENJANGAN KECIL, KEPULAUAN KARIMUNJAWA." Management of Aquatic Resources Journal (MAQUARES) 6, no. 4 (July 25, 2018): 393–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/marj.v6i4.21328.

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Kepulauan Karimunjawa secara geografis, terletak di sebelah Barat Laut Kota Jepara. Kawasan Taman Nasional Laut Karimunjawa memiliki fungsi utama yaitu sebagai kawasan konservasi. Sebagian besar penduduknya bermata pencaharian sebagai nelayan. Perairan Pulau Menjangan Kecil memiliki banyak biota laut salah satunya yaitu Bintang Laut (Asteroidea). Pentingnya mempelajari Bintang Laut ini yaitu bahwa Bintang Laut memiliki fungsi sebagai pembersih serasah detritus di zona intertidal. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kondisi terumbu karang, sebaran Bintang Laut, letak kedalaman Bintang Laut dan hubungannya. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan November 2016 dan bulan Mei 2017. Materi dari objek penelitian ini adalah data persentase tutupan terumbu karang dan sebaran Bintang Laut yang terletak pada sisi barat dan sisi timur Pulau Menjangan Kecil. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif. Teknik sampling yang digunakan yaitu Random Sampling. Hasil pengukuran parameter fisika–kimia yang didapat pada penelitian ini yaitu normal. Hasil persentase tutupan terumbu karang masih dalam kondisi yang cukup baik. Hasil dan kesimpulan dari penelitian ini Bintang Laut yang ditemukan yaitu Linckia laevigata pada kedalaman 100-450 cm dengan kisaran diameter 20–30 cm, Nordoa tuberculata pada kedalaman 50-150 cm dengan kisaran diameter 1–20 cm dan Culcita novaeguinae pada kedalaman 100–200 cm dengan kisaran diameter 20–25 cm. Letak sebaran bintang laut yaitu berada pada karang hidup, karang mati, pecahan karang, substrat pasir dan lamun. Hubungan sebaran Bintang Laut dengan kedalaman yaitu dipengaruhi oleh faktor makanan. Adapun kondisi perairan di Pulau Menjangan Kecil saat malam hari yaitu banyak biota laut yang muncul menampakkan diri seperti ikan hiu, ular laut, ikan buntal, dan zooplankton yang dapat mengeluarkan cahaya berwarna biru. Karimunjawa Islands, located in north west of Jepara. Taman Nasional Karimunjawa region has a main function for conservation area. Most of the population are fishermen. The waters of Menjangan Kecil Island have many marine biota, one of them is starfish (Asteroidea). So important for studying about starfish, because it has function for detritus litter in the intertidal zone. The purpose of this research is to identify starfish distribution, vertically, relationships of them and condition of coral reefs and they relationships. The research was do in November 2016 and May 2017. Materials of this research are percentage of coral reef covers, and the distribution of starfishon the east and west sides of Menjangan kecil island. This research uses descriptive method. Random sampling were used in this study. The comparison of physical-chemical parameters in this research on temperature and depth data are slightly different. The percentage in coral reef is in good condition. The result of starfish is founded Linckia laevigata in depth 100-450 cm with diameter 20-30 cm, Nordoa tuberculata in depth 50-150 cm with diameter 1-20cm and Culcita novaeguinae in depth 100-200 cm with diameter 20-25 cm. The location of starfishs are on living coral, dead coral, fractions of coral, sands, and seagrass. The relation beetween the distribution of starfishs and the deeps is influented by food habit factor. As for the condition of Menjangan Kecil Island on night so many nocturnal biota such as shark, sea snake, fish, and zooplankton wich can glows blue light.

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Palyanova, Natalia, Tatyana Pankova, Marina Starostina, Alla Kicha, Natalia Ivanchina, and Valentin Stonik. "Neuritogenic and Neuroprotective Effects of Polar Steroids from the Far East Starfishes Patiria pectinifera and Distolasterias nipon." Marine Drugs 11, no. 5 (May 3, 2013): 1440–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md11051440.

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Poromov, A. A., and A. V. Smurov. "Characterization of copepod Scottomyzon gibberum scott population on Asterias rubens L. starfishes under different anthropogenic load conditions." Moscow University Biological Sciences Bulletin 69, no. 2 (April 2014): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0096392514020126.

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Wilmes, Jennifer C., Ciemon F. Caballes, Zara-Louise Cowan, Andrew S. Hoey, Bethan J. Lang, Vanessa Messmer, and Morgan S. Pratchett. "Contributions of pre- versus post-settlement processes to fluctuating abundance of crown-of-thorns starfishes (Acanthaster spp.)." Marine Pollution Bulletin 135 (October 2018): 332–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.07.006.

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Palagiano, Elio, Simona De Marino, Luigi Minale, Raffaele Riccio, Franco Zollo, Maria Iorizzi, Jean Baptiste Carré, Cécile Debitus, Laetitia Lucarain, and Jean Provost. "Ptilomycalin A, crambescidin 800 and related new highly cytotoxic guanidine alkaloids from the starfishes Fromia monilis and Celerina heffernani." Tetrahedron 51, no. 12 (March 1995): 3675–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-4020(95)00082-j.

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Nekrasov, Dmitry Yurievich. "Fractal graphic as digital objectless art." Journal of Flm Arts and Film Studies 6, no. 1 (March 15, 2014): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/vgik6168-76.

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This article analyses the phenomenon of digital computer graphics, based on mathematical calculations, and possibilities of using it in different modern art techniques. Digital fractal patterns are irregular, self-similar structures, which are based on natural objects' group of similar characteristics, such as: corals, starfishes, sea urchins, snowflakes, crowns of the trees. The principle of such image shaping is natural, so its worthwhile to trace down it's digital mathematic simulation. Contrary to digital graphic and painting, fractal graphic does not base on classic art traditions. The closest to the fractal graphics are objectless ornamental traditions, inheriting principles of infinite spatial creation of similar groups. The article includes the comparison of general ornamental rules and features of fractal images. Due to the fact that modern computer software allows to create the digital fractal graphics without special mathematical skills, an artist can combine traditional and digital painting and abstract fractal graphic to reach that level of balance and fortuity of an image, that abstract artist has tried to get, using traditional techniques. The fractal graphic is examined as a digital counterpart of traditional painting technique of monotyping in complex art work. Author underlines the likeness of many digital and material ways of creating images. Finally, the visual language of a piece of art still remains more important, than technological details of its production.

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Yilmaz, Ozlem, François Chauvigné, Alba Ferré, Frank Nilsen, Per Gunnar Fjelldal, Joan Cerdà, and Roderick Nigel Finn. "Unravelling the Complex Duplication History of Deuterostome Glycerol Transporters." Cells 9, no. 7 (July 10, 2020): 1663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9071663.

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Transmembrane glycerol transport is an ancient biophysical property that evolved in selected subfamilies of water channel (aquaporin) proteins. Here, we conducted broad level genome (>550) and transcriptome (>300) analyses to unravel the duplication history of the glycerol-transporting channels (glps) in Deuterostomia. We found that tandem duplication (TD) was the major mechanism of gene expansion in echinoderms and hemichordates, which, together with whole genome duplications (WGD) in the chordate lineage, continued to shape the genomic repertoires in craniates. Molecular phylogenies indicated that aqp3-like and aqp13-like channels were the probable stem subfamilies in craniates, with WGD generating aqp9 and aqp10 in gnathostomes but aqp7 arising through TD in Osteichthyes. We uncovered separate examples of gene translocations, gene conversion, and concerted evolution in humans, teleosts, and starfishes, with DNA transposons the likely drivers of gene rearrangements in paleotetraploid salmonids. Currently, gene copy numbers and BLAST are poor predictors of orthologous relationships due to asymmetric glp gene evolution in the different lineages. Such asymmetries can impact estimations of divergence times by millions of years. Experimental investigations of the salmonid channels demonstrated that approximately half of the 20 ancestral paralogs are functional, with neofunctionalization occurring at the transcriptional level rather than the protein transport properties. The combined findings resolve the origins and diversification of glps over >800 million years old and thus form the novel basis for proposing a pandeuterostome glp gene nomenclature.

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Murabe, Naoyuki, Hideo Hatoyama, Miéko Komatsu, Hiroyuki Kaneko, and Yoko Nakajima. "Adhesive papillae on the brachiolar arms of brachiolaria larvae in two starfishes, Asterina pectinifera and Asterias amurensis, are sensors for metamorphic inducing factor(s)." Development, Growth & Differentiation 49, no. 8 (August 16, 2007): 647–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-169x.2007.00959.x.

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Gemmill, James F. "27. Notes on the Development of the Starfishes Asterias qlacialis O. F. M.; Cribrella oculata (Linck) Forbes; Solaster endeca (Retzius) Forbes; Sticliaster roseus (O. F. M.) Sars." Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 86, no. 4 (August 20, 2009): 553–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1916.tb02037.x.

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Martinez, Aline S., and Ross A. Coleman. "Use of 'cageless' barriers to enclose small starfish in short-term field experiments." Marine and Freshwater Research 69, no. 8 (2018): 1321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf17292.

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Although small starfish may exert significant grazing effects on hard substrata, quantification of these effects has been difficult because of methodological limitations. Previously, caging small starfish for field experiments has failed because animals can escape through cage meshes and confounding effects may arise as the starfish can feed on organisms growing on the fences themselves, rather than the surface under investigation. Here, we investigated the efficiency of alternative barrier methods, such as antifouling paint and sticky barriers, for shorter-term experimental manipulation of the herbivorous starfish Parvulastra exigua. Laboratory and field manipulations tested the hypotheses that barriers are efficient in retaining starfish within plots and that the chemical repellent of the barriers does not affect the normal functioning of starfish. The results showed that the sticky barrier did not deter P. exigua, but antifouling paint retained greater numbers of individuals within barrier plots than in controls, with no short-term effects on starfish righting response.

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Qu, Liang, Yongxin Sun, Chong Zhao, Maurice R. Elphick, and Qingzhi Wang. "Research Progress on Starfish Outbreaks and Their Prevention and Utilization: Lessons from Northern China." Biology 13, no. 7 (July 17, 2024): 537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology13070537.

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Starfish are keystone species as predators in benthic ecosystems, but when population outbreaks occur, this can have devastating consequences ecologically. Furthermore, starfish outbreaks and invasions can have adverse impact economically by impacting shellfish aquaculture. For example, an infestation of starfish in Qingdao led to a 50% reduction in sea cucumber production and an 80% reduction in scallop production, resulting in an economic loss of approximately RMB 100 million to oyster and other shellfish industries. Addressing the imperative need to proactively mitigate starfish invasions requires comprehensive research on their behavior and the underlying mechanisms of outbreaks. This review scrutinizes the historical patterns of outbreaks among diverse starfish species across various regions, delineates the factors contributing to the proliferation of Asterias amurensis in Chinese waters, articulates preventive and remedial strategies, and outlines the potential for the sustainable utilization of starfish.

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Takemura, Fumiaki, Shuta Kobashigawa, Keita Hirayama, Kuniaki Kawabata, Shinichi Sagara, Hideyuki Yamashiro, and Eisuke Kuraya. "Development of an Acetic Acid Injection Device for Crown-of-Thorns Starfish Controlled by a Remotely Operated Underwater Robot." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 27, no. 5 (October 20, 2015): 571–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2015.p0571.

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<div class=""abs_img""> <img src=""[disp_template_path]/JRM/abst-image/00270005/14.jpg"" width=""300"" /> Injection into the starfish</div> We have been studying and developing an underwater robot for coral reef conservation. This paper describes the development of an acetic acid injection device mounted on an underwater robot for use in exterminating crown-of-thorns starfish that damage corals. First, we outlined the ecology and morphology of the crown-of-thorns starfish to identify requirements for the acetic acid injection device. Based on the requirements identified, we designed and prototyped an acetic acid injection device to be installed on an underwater robot. Next, we installed the developed injection device on a remotely operated vehicle and injected acetic acid into crown-of-thorns starfish under water. We describe the effectiveness of this acetic acid injection device for exterminating crown-of-thorns starfish. The experimental results prove that the developed acetic acid injection device can inject acetic acid into crown-of-thorns starfish just as intended, and that an underwater robot installed with such device can be used effectively to aid in the extermination of crown-of-thorns starfish. </span>

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Sharmin, Farhana, Shoichiro Ishizaki, and Yuji Nagashima. "Species identification and the biological properties of several Japanese starfish." Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 2, no. 4 (January 23, 2017): 689–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ajmbr.v2i4.31016.

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Marine organisms are a rich source of natural products with potential secondary metabolites that have great pharmacological activity. Starfish are known as by-catch products in the worldwide fishing industry and most of starfish have been got rid of by fire destruction without any utilization. On the other hand, starfish are considered as extremely rich sources of biological active compounds in terms of having pharmacological activity. In the present study, molecular identification of starfish species, micronutrient content and hemolytic activity from Luidia quinaria, Astropecten scoparius, and Patiria pectinifera were examined. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene fragment of mitochondrial DNA indicated that partial sequences of PCR products of the species was identical with that of L. quinaria, A. scoparius, and P. pectinifera. From the results of micronutrient contents, there were no great differences on the micronutrient among species. However, Cd, Cu, and as contents had species-specificity. The crude extract of three starfish showed hemolytic activity against 2% rabbit erythrocytes with 50% hemolytic concentration of 10-1000 ?g/mL. The findings of the present study provided some basic information about identification of starfish species, potentialities of starfish which could be utilized in food and pharmaceutical industry.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2016, 2(4): 689-695

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Paul, Lorna, Stephen Brewster, Sally Wyke, Angus K. McFadyen, Naveed Sattar, Jason MR Gill, Aleksandra Dybus, and Cindy M. Gray. "Increasing physical activity in older adults using STARFISH, an interactive smartphone application (app); a pilot study." Journal of Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies Engineering 4 (January 2017): 205566831769623. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2055668317696236.

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Background Increasing physical activity in older adults has preventative and therapeutic health benefits. We have developed STARFISH, a smartphone application, to increase physical activity. This paper describes the features of STARFISH, presents the views of older users on the acceptability and usability of the app and reports the results of a six week pilot study of the STARFISH app in older adults. Methods The operationalisation of the behaviour change techniques (BCTs) within the STARFISH app was mapped against the BCT Taxonomy of Michie et al. Sixteen healthy older adults (eight women and eight men; age 71.1 ± 5.2 years) used the app, in groups of four, for six weeks. Focus groups explored the user experience and objective measure of steps per day recorded. Results Participants were very positive about using the STARFISH app, in particular the embedded BCTs of self-monitoring, feedback and social support (in the form of group rewards). Objective step data, available for eight participants, showed that step counts increased by an average of 14% ( p = 0.077, d = 0.56). Conclusion The STARFISH app was acceptable and straightforward to use for older adults. STARFISH has potential to increase physical activity in older adults; however, a fully powered randomised controlled trial is required.

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