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Journal articles on the topic 'StARC effect'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 March 2023

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1

Chen, Jenn-Yeu, Michael Friedrich, and Hua Shu. "The Effect of Immediate and Lifetime Experience of Reading Horizontal and Vertical Texts on Chinese Speakers’ Temporal Orientation." Journal of Cognition and Culture 15, no. 1-2 (March 17, 2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685373-12342137.

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The present study examined participants’ performance on a temporal judgment task while holding language constant but varying their lifetime and immediate reading experience of horizontal and vertical texts. Chinese participants from Taiwan and China were randomly assigned to a reading task involving horizontally or vertically arranged texts. A temporal judgment task (spatial-temporal association of response codes or starc) followed the reading task, asking the participants to judge if the event depicted in a second picture occurred earlier or later than that in a first picture. Responses were faster when the left keys represented the ‘earlier’ responses than when the right keys did (a starc effect). Half of the participants responded with horizontally oriented keys while the rest with vertically oriented keys. For the Taiwan participants, the overall starc effect was greater when the response keys were vertical than horizontal, but no difference was observed for the China participants. A questionnaire indicates that the two groups of participants had similar lifetime experiences of reading horizontal texts, but the Taiwan participants read vertical texts in their life far more frequently than the China participants. Immediate reading experiences interacted with lifetime experiences in modulating the vertical bias. For the Taiwan participants, the vertical bias was strong following the vertical prime, but disappeared following the horizontal prime. For the China participants, the horizontal prime led to no vertical bias whereas the vertical prime brought about a horizontal bias. We conclude that the directionality of orthography and speakers’ immediate and lifetime reading experiences can better explain the vertical bias (or the lack of it) in the Chinese speakers’ temporal thinking. The findings, however, may be interpreted as constituting a different manifestation of linguistic relativity and recast under a broader framework of the extended-mind hypothesis of human cognition.

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2

Ding, Xianfeng, Xiaorong Cheng, Zhao Fan, and Huashan Liu. "Is Elapsing Time Really Recoded Into Spatial Linear Representation in Working Memory?" Experimental Psychology 62, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000269.

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A growing body of evidence suggested that elapsing time is tightly associated with space in a specific way (e.g., Spatial Temporal Association of Response Codes or STARC effect). However, existing findings cannot justify a hypothesis that elapsing time is recoded directly into a spatial linear representation in working memory. The present study addresses this fundamental question by using three modified STARC-related working memory paradigms. In different experiments, participants were asked to give order judgment, order-irrelevant STM recognition judgment, or motor-related free-choice judgment, immediately after successive presentation of a set of disparate stimuli. Results show that responses to early stimuli were faster or more often with the left key and responses to late stimuli were faster or more often with the right key. These findings clearly support the hypothesis that elapsing time is directly and automatically recoded into a spatial linear representation in working memory.

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3

Burešová, I., I. Sedláčková, O. Faměra, and J. Lipavský. "Effect of growing conditions on starch and protein content in triticale grain and amylose content in starch." Plant, Soil and Environment 56, No. 3 (March 27, 2010): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/123/2009-pse.

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The effect of growing conditions on starch and protein content in triticale grain and amylose content in starch was studied on winter triticale cvs. Kitaro, Lupus, Lamberto and Ticino harvested in 2006 and 2007 in Humpolec and Pernolec, Czech Republic. Dry matter of the investigated triticale grain contained 62.4–70.9% of starch. The starch content and amylose content in starch were significantly affected by cultivar and year. Statistical analysis did not confirm that starch content and amylose content in starch were significantly influenced by growing variant or location. The protein content was significantly affected only by year. The differences in protein content among cultivars, growing variants and locations were not significant. The protein content was negatively correlated with starch content (<I>r</I> = –0.83). Statistical analysis of data also confirmed a positive correlation between the starch content and amylose content in starch (<I>r</I> = 0.45).

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4

Elzner, Petr, Miroslav Jůzl, and Pavel Kasal. "Effect of different drip irrigation regimes on tuber and starch yield of potatoes." Plant, Soil and Environment 64, No. 11 (November 1, 2018): 546–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/400/2018-pse.

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Small-plot field trials monitored the effect of drip irrigation of potatoes on tuber and starch yield. The trials were performed at two different localities in two trial years, 2016 and 2017. The subject of the evaluation included two cultivars with different vegetation periods (the very early cv. Monika and the semi-early cv. Jolana). Four repeated trials studied 4 irrigation treatments according to the available water capacity (AWC) of the soil, i.e. without irrigation, irrigation when soil humidity decreased below 60, 65 and below 70% AWC. All monitored parameters reflected a positive effect of irrigation in comparison to the non-irrigated control. The Žabčice locality showed the highest tuber and starch yields mostly after medium-intensity irrigation. The Valečov locality achieved the highest tuber and starch yields after the highest-intensity irrigation. Subject to the locality and the cultivar, the recommendation is to introduce automatic irrigation start when the soil humidity drops to 65% AWC for heavy soils and 70% AWC for medium heavy soils.

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Aghazadeh, Mona, Roselina Karim, Russly Abdul Rahman, Muhammad Tauseef Sultan, Maryam Paykary, and Stuart Johnson. "Effect of glycerol on the physicochemical properties of cereal starch films." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 36, No. 5 (November 8, 2018): 403–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/41/2017-cjfs.

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The physical properties of corn, wheat and rice starch edible films with different level of glycerol were evaluated. Starch films exhibited an apparent endothermic peak in the range of 151–199°C with corn starch film with 1.6% glycerol having a relatively lower T<sub>o</sub> and higher T<sub>p</sub>. X-ray diffraction spectroscopy indicated that the corn, wheat, rice starch powders had ~ 39–49% crystallinity, whereas Fourier transform infrared spectra showed peaks associated with the tightly bound water present in the rice, corn, wheat starches. Overall, glycerol addition could enhance the water vapour pressure barrier properties of the films, but their tensile strength was reduced. Corn starch films were identified as the most suitable choice for edible packaging as its thermal characteristics indicated suggested a more acceptable sealability. Rice starch films is proposed as the better choice for coating as it showed better flexibility as indicted by lower tensile and higher elongation properties.

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6

PARMAR, DINESH. "The Effect of Plymetrich Training on the Competitive Swimming Bloch Start." International Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 3 (June 1, 2012): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/mar2013/113.

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7

Sumardiono, Siswo, Listiyana Riska, Bakti Jos, and Isti Pudjiastuti. "Effect of Esterification on Cassava Starch: Physicochemical Properties and Expansion Ability." Reaktor 19, no. 1 (May 10, 2019): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.19.1.34-41.

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In this study, the characteristic of cassava starch have been developed through esterification reaction using ethyl lactate. Commercial cassava starch was modified by using (0.5; 0.75; 1.00; 1.25; 1.50 % v/v) ethyl lactate solution with pH 6, 7, 8, 9 for 15, 25, 35, 45, 55 minutes and the drained starch was dried with sun drying. The cassava starch which has been esterified with 1.5% ethyl lactate for 15 minutes pH 6 gave highest volume expansion of 2,438.9 %. For swelling power, the highest value was 19.32 swelling power at variable concentrations of 1.5% ester, esterification period of 15 minutes, and pH 6. The lowest amylose content was 15.68 % in ester concentration of 1.5 %. From the scanning electron micrograph, shows that the cassava starch after and before modification has not changed since the modifications performed under the gelatinization temperature. FTIR spectra of native cassava starch and ester cassava starch shown shift of the carboxyl group of starch from 1072.37 to 1087.80 cm-1 and a decrease in the OH group is from 3452.53 to 3417.81 cm-1. Bond formed indicates that the esterification reaction occurs between cassava starch with ethyl lactate esters. Keywords: volume expansion, cassava starch, ester starch, ethyle lactate, modified starch

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8

Ononye, Uzoma, Peter Ofili, Francis Ndudi, and Kenneth Chukwujioke Agbim. "Family support, psychological capital, and start-up formation." Problems and Perspectives in Management 20, no. 1 (March 15, 2022): 342–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.20(1).2022.28.

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The influence of family support and psychological capital (PsyCap) is a topical discourse in entrepreneurship studies due to the unsupportive and turbulent environments most entrepreneurs operate in. However, studies concluding on the nature and direction of family support and PsyCap effects on start-up formation appear scant. This study aims to empirically examine family support effects on start-up formation with psychological capital (PsyCap) as a mediation factor. Specific emphasis was given to extended family support. The study utilized the partial least square (PLS) method for hypotheses testing with cross-sectional data collected from 261 randomly sampled trainees in an entrepreneurship training program organized by the Delta State Ministry of Youth Development. The PLS analysis showed that family support (β = 0.317, p = 0.000) and PsyCap (β = 0.202, p = 0.000) have a significant positive effect on start-up formation. The results proved that family support and PsyCap are valuable antecedent factors for positioning entrepreneurs to engage and thrive productively in the start-up formation process. Furthermore, PsyCap did not mediate the significant positive effect of family support on start-up formation (β = 0.235, p = 0.000; β = 0.103, p = 0.052). This result demonstrates that family support may not be enough for PsyCap to transmit its significant positive effect on start-up formation. Hence, there is a need to procure other alternate support from formal or informal settings.

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9

Kanaan, A., D. E. Winget, S. O. Kepler, and M. H. Montgomery. "Observational Proof of the ZZ Ceti Red Edge." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 176 (2000): 518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100058693.

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With a time-series CCD photometry survey, we have demonstrated clearly that the observed red edge for the ZZ Ceti stars instability strip at 11,000 K is not an observational selection effect. Previous surveys for variability among hydrogen atmosphere white dwarfs at around 11,000 K have been carried out using high speed photometry which suffers from variable extinction effects that start becoming important at periods of 15 minutes. In our survey we constantly monitor the sky brightness as well as one or more comparison stars. This is done through the same color filter, therefore minimizing adverse effects of differential extinction. The fact that the theoretical red edge should be around 8,000 K remains, but effects not included in the theory, especially convection-aulsation interaction, could explain it.

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10

Mas-Hesse, J. Miguel, and Miguel Cerviño. "Evolutionary population synthesis: the effect of binary systems." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 193 (1999): 550–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900206268.

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We present in this contribution our set of multi-wavelength synthesis models including the evolution of single and binary stars. The main results we have obtained can be summarized as follows: (a) massive close-binary systems will start to experience mass transfer episodes after the first 4Myr of the starburst evolution; (b) as a result of these mass transfer processes, stars of relatively low initial mass can lose completely their envelope and become a Wolf-Rayet star. In this way, the formation of WR stars is extended over longer than 15 Myr, and does not stop at 6Myr as predicted by models including only single stars; (c) WR stars can thus be coeval with red supergiants, which peak at around 10 Myr for solar metallicities; (d) the accretion of mass will originate relatively massive stars at ages for which they should have already disappeared; these stars, together with the WR stars formed in rather evolved clusters, increase the production of ionizing photons, so that the Hβ equivalent width will not drop as rapidly as predicted by models considering only individual stars; and (e) the mass transfer to compact companions will produce an additional source of high-energy radiation in the form of high-mass X-ray binaries, not predicted either by standard synthesis models.

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11

Zelenka, J., and Z. Čerešňáková. "Effect of age on digestibility of starch in chickens with different growth rate." Czech Journal of Animal Science 50, No. 9 (December 11, 2011): 411–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4222-cjas.

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Digestibility of starch was examined in slow-growing cockerels of laying type (SG) and in fast-growing male chickens (FG) of broiler type fed ad libitum on a maize-type diet until Day 22 of age in one-day periods and from Day 22 to Day 100 in three-day periods. Digestibility was estimated using the chromic oxide indicator method. In SG chicks, starch digestibility rapidly increased within the first days of their lives and reached the value of 0.986 already on Day 4 of life. It was maintained on this level till the end of the experiment, which was finished at the age of 100 days. In FG chicks, which in comparison with SG birds consumed more than a double quantity of feed, high starch digestibility was observed as late as on Day 8. From Day 8 to Day 100 of age, starch digestibility slightly but highly significantly (P < 0.01) decreased. The average value of digestibility was lower by 0.008 in broiler type chickens than in SG chickens at this time; nevertheless, digestibility was never below 0.96. The difference was highly significant (P< 0.001).    

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12

Smrčková, P., M. Saglamtas, T. Hofmanová, J. Koláček, D. Chena, and E. Šárka. "Effect of process parameters on slowly digestible and resistant starch content in extrudates." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 32, No. 5 (October 1, 2014): 503–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/162/2014-cjfs.

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A laboratory single-screw Kompaktextruder KE 19/25 was used at speeds 120–140 rpm of the screw with either a 2 : 1 or 3 : 1 compression ratio; the head had a 3 or 4 mm die. The temperature of the head was set at 131–144°C. The applied raw materials were maize grits, and mixtures with wheat starch, pea flour or chemically modified starch. Input mixtures differed in water addition (50 or 100 g water/kg). The highest amount of resistant starch (3.1% per total starch) in extrudate was found for mixture of pea flour and maize grits (with addition of 100 g water/kg of dry mixture), the output(extrudate)/input(mixture) ratio of the resistant starch was 45.8%. The highest SDS content was obtained for the maize grits and addition of 100 g water/kg using a die with a 3 mm diameter and a screw with a 3 : 1 compression ratio; the temperature of the head was approximately 140°C. Transportation rates: screw 140 rpm, dosing 15 rpm.  

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13

Mahnoor Shahzadi, Mahnoor Shahzadi, Weili Zhang Weili Zhang, and M. T. Khan M. T. Khan. "Exciton-polariton in WS2 microcavity in the presence of the optical Stark effect." Chinese Optics Letters 17, no. 2 (2019): 020014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201917.020014.

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14

Jung, Jin-Sup, Hui-Fang Liu, and Jun Han. "The Effect of Self-Efficacy of Small Business Start-ups in Korea and China on Startup Performance: Focusing on the Mediating Effect of Startup Intention and the Moderating Effect of Digital Transformation." International Academy of Global Business and Trade 18, no. 6 (December 31, 2022): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.20294/jgbt.2022.18.6.1.

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Purpose - This study is aimed at small business start-ups in Korea and China, and examines the effect of “self-efficacy,” an individual factor that affects the start-up performance of small business owners on “startup intention” and “start-up performance”. In addition, we will also consider the mediating effect of start-up intention and the moderating effect of digital transformation. At present, due to the proliferation of digital technologies and the prolongation of COVID-19, it is difficult for small business start-ups to operate with their existing business models. Therefore, we have focused on “digital transformation” as one of the capabilities they need. We also wanted to know whether digital transformation has a positive moderating effect between start-up intention and start-up performance in small businesses of Korea and China. Design/Methodology/Approach - In existing research, various factors explaining the start-up performance in small business were reviewed. In this study, the self-efficacy of small business start-ups was set as the independent variable and the start-up performance as the dependent variable. In addition, the mediating effect of the start-up intention was examined. As mentioned above, we also tried to look at the moderating effect of digital transformation. After establishing a research model based on the existing research, a survey was conducted for small business start-ups in Korea and China for empirical test, and the results were analyzed. Findings - In the case of small business start-ups in both Koreas and China, most of the relationships among self-efficacy, start-up intention, and start-up performance showed the same results. On the other hand, in the case of the moderating effect of digital transformation, positive moderating effect was found in Korea. However, there was no moderating effect in China. Research Implications - In both samples from Korea and China, self-efficacy had a positive effect on startup performance through start-up intention. It is inferred that the difference in the moderating effect is due to various factors such as culture, institutions, and policies between Korea and China. Finally, academic, economic, and policy implications were suggested.

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15

CINI, MICHELE, A. D’ANDREA, and C. VERDOZZI. "MANY-PHOTON EFFECTS IN INELASTIC LIGHT SCATTERING: THEORY AND MODEL APPLICATIONS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 09, no. 10 (April 30, 1995): 1185–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979295000501.

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A new formalism, based on the method of Excitation Amplitudes, is presented in order to set up a theory of the second harmonic generation (SHG) and other Inelastic Light Scattering phenomena, like the dynamical Start effect, when many-photon effects are considered. We develop the quantum theory and its semiclassical limit on equal footing, and show that the maximum intensity of the Second Harmonic fields does not generally correspond exactly to twice the incident frequency. The most interesting case occurs in highly polarizable systems when the exciting field is strong enough to produce appreciable many-photon effects, yet there are still observable quantum fluctuations. The inclusion of electron-photon coupling to all orders then leads to new effects, including a contribution of the Dynamical Stark Effect to the SHG response, as shown by model calculations.

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16

Smirnov, Aleksandr I., and I. N. Khlyustikov. "Magnetoelectric effects and the Stark effect in antiferromagnetic Gd2CuO4." Physics-Uspekhi 38, no. 10 (October 31, 1995): 1169–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/pu1995v038n10abeh001492.

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17

Yulianto, Aton, Fitri Nur Kayati, Bayu Novariawan, and Arni Supriyanti. "The Effect of Extrusion Temperature on Changes of Characteristics of Partially Pregelatinized Cassava Starch." International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications 11, no. 2 (April 2020): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijcea.2020.11.2.782.

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18

Popov, A. M., N. I. Sushkov, S. M. Zaytsev, and T. A. Labutin. "The effect of hyperfine splitting on Stark broadening for three blue-green Cu i lines in laser-induced plasma." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 488, no. 4 (July 10, 2019): 5594–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz1874.

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ABSTRACT Stark effect is observed in many natural and artificial plasmas and is of great importance for diagnostic purposes. Since this effect alters profiles of spectral lines, it should be taken into account when assessing chemical composition of radiation sources, including stars. Copper is one of the elements which studies of stellar atmospheres deal with. To this end, UV and visible Cu lines are used. However, there is a lack of agreement between existing data on their Stark parameters. It is therefore of interest to obtain new experimental data on these lines and to compare them to previous results. In this work, we have estimated Stark widths and shifts for three blue-green lines at 5105.54, 5153.24, and 5218.20 Å (corresponding transitions are [3d104p] 2P° → [3d94s2] 2D and [3d104d] 2D → [3d104p] 2P°) observed in a ‘long-spark’ laser-induced plasma. For the first time, we have accurately estimated an impact of hyperfine splitting on the profile shapes of the studied lines taking also into account the isotope shifts. We have shown that both effects considerably influence shift and width of Cu i line at 5105.54 Å, and shifts of Cu i lines at 5153.24 and 5218.20 Å.

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Smirnov, Aleksandr I., and I. N. Khlyustikov. "Magnetoelectric effects and the Stark effect in antiferromagnetic Gd₂CuO₄." Uspekhi Fizicheskih Nauk 165, no. 10 (1995): 1215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3367/ufnr.0165.199510f.1215.

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20

Campeche, Daniela Ferraz Bacconi, Douglas Henrique de Holanda Holanda Andrade, Janilson Felix Silva, José Fernando Bibiano Melo, and Ranilson de Souza Bezerra. "Non-starch polysaccharide in diets for hybrid surubim: Effects on metabolism plasticity." Boletim do Instituto de Pesca 45, no. 3 (August 28, 2019): e443. http://dx.doi.org/10.20950/1678-2305.2019.45.3.443.

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21

Livinus, A. Obasi, C. Opara Charles, and Okpala and Akuma Oji Ken. "Effect of Sodium Alginate on Proton Conductivity of Cassava Starch in a Microbial Fuel Cell." Greener Journal of Biological Sciences 3, no. 2 (February 12, 2013): 074–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15580/gjbs.2013.2.120112309.

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22

Hussain, S. "Native rice starch and linseed gum blends: Effect on the pasting, thermal and rheological properties." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 33, No. 6 (June 3, 2016): 556–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/243/2015-cjfs.

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23

Díaz-Montes, Esla, Jesús Antonio Valencia-Arredondo, and Jorge Yáñez-Fernández. "Efecto de la microencapsulación (maltodextrina-almidón de chinchayote) en la capacidad antioxidante del Capulín (Prunus serotina)." Mexican Journal of Biotechnology 3, no. 2 (April 1, 2018): 23–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.29267/mxjb.2018.3.2.23.

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El fruto del Capulín (FC) contiene compuestos bioactivos, de carácter fenólico principalmente, que son valorados por la industria alimentaria y farmacéutica por la actividad antioxidante que poseen. Sin embargo, la poca estabilidad que tiene este tipo de compuestos ante condiciones medioambientales provoca su degradación y pérdida. El secado por aspersión como método de microencapsulamiento resulto ser una alternativa viable para la protección de los polifenoles extraídos del FC; probándose 8 mezclas de maltodextrina (MD) y almidón de chinchayote (AC) como agentes encapsulantes (1-10% de concentración), el tratamiento T8 (10-0% MD-AC) resulto en un polvo con poca actividad de agua y obtuvo los mejores resultados de rendimiento y solubilidad (89.13 y 75.43%, respectivamente), además de presentar buenos resultados en cuando al contenido fenólico (109.75 mg GAE/mL) y a la actividad antioxidante (51.89 mg AAE/mL). Por tal, el proyecto propone la modificación de la solubilidad del AC para re-evaluarlo como encapsulante.

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Mikulandra, Martina, Iva Andrašek, and Lidija Beketić-Orešković. "Abscopal effect of radiotherapy: an old concept in a new era." Libri Oncologici Croatian Journal of Oncology 48, no. 1 (July 7, 2020): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.20471/lo.2020.48.01.05.

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Codogni, Mateusz. "IKEA effect in relations between start-ups and investors." Nowoczesne Systemy Zarządzania 14, no. 2 (June 24, 2019): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.37055/nsz/129534.

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Efekt IKEA to zjawisko polegające na nieuświadomionym zawyżaniu oceny wartości przedmiotów w wyniku poniesionego w przeszłości wysiłku fizycznego lub intelektualnego zmierzającego do ich stworzenia. Artykuł zawiera rozważania dotyczące możliwego wpływu tego efektu na relacje między start-upami a finansującymi je inwestorami. Zawiera opis samego zjawiska, streszczenie wybranych badań empirycznych potwierdzających jego istnienie i krótki opis możliwych wyjaśnień występowania. Następnie rozważa, w jaki sposób opisywany efekt może zaburzać ocenę wartości przedsiębiorstwa w oczach jego założyciela oraz finansującego je inwestora. We wnioskach zawarto sugestie dotyczące praktycznych implikacji omawianego problemu w procesie współpracy między start-upem a inwestorem.

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Young, Graeme P., and Richard K. Le Leu. "Resistant Starch and Colorectal Neoplasia." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 87, no. 3 (May 1, 2004): 775–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/87.3.775.

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Abstract There are several approaches to examining the relationship between resistant starch (RS) and development of colorectal cancer (CRC). These include examination of epidemiological relationships, objective testing of effects of RS given to humans on biological events of relevance to CRC, and studies in animal models where protection and mechanisms of protection can be directly tested. Nine epidemiological studies have examined the relationship between starch and CRC and/or adenomas. Most show a significant protective effect. However, epidemiological tools for measuring consumption of RS are poorly developed and so a benefit for RS can only be inferred. On balance, the magnitude of protection by starch appears to be in the order of 25–50%. Human intervention studies have examined the effect of various types and amounts of RS consumption on colonic biology. To generalize from these studies, RS softens stools and increases stool bulk, decreases pH, increases short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) including butyrate, reduces products of protein fermentation, and decreases bile salts in fecal water. Such changes seem to be achieved within about 4 weeks of commencing consumption. The greatest effects are seen with the highest doses where increased fecal starch recovery is observed. A modest number of animal studies have been undertaken. Those examining effects of RS on colonic biology and biomarkers for CRC confirm and extend the results in humans. RS modifies the lumenal environment, largely through altered fermentation of polysaccharides and proteins. RS also affects epithelial biology in that it increases apoptotic deletion of genetically damaged cells. More work is needed to define what types and combinations of RS, perhaps with probiotics, exert the greatest effects on colonic environment and epithelial biology, and then to test these in the cancer models for their protective effect. A few studies have examined effect of RS on cancer as an end point in several rodent models, but the results are not clear cut. In conclusion, consumption of RS dramatically affects the colonic lumenal environment and facilitates apoptotic deletion of genetically damaged cells in the colon, several of which are considered to be biomarkers associated with risk for CRC. These effects can be interpreted as reflecting improved colonic health, which might be of benefit in protection against CRC. Direct evidence for protection is still not available.

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Babić, J., D. Šubarić, Đ. Ačkar, V. Piližota, M. Kopjar, and N. Nedić Tiban. "Effects of pectin and carrageenan on thermophysical and rheological properties of tapioca starch." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 24, No. 6 (November 12, 2011): 275–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3325-cjfs.

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The effects of hydrocolloids pectin, carrageenan, as well as of pectin/carrageenan mixtures on gelatinisation, retrogradation, rheological characteristics, and swelling power of tapioca starch were studied with Brookfield rotational viscometer and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The results showed that hydrocolloids retarded the retrogradation of tapioca starch. Enthalpy and temperatures of gelatinisation, as well as solubility, did not vary significantly in starch-hydrocolloid systems. Viscosity of tapioca starch increased on the addition of hydrocolloids: the effect of carrageenan on viscosity was more remarkable than that of pectin.    

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Wang, S. P., W. J. Wang, and Z. L. Tan. "Effects of dietary starch types on rumen fermentation and blood profile in goats." Czech Journal of Animal Science 61, No. 1 (July 15, 2016): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/8666-cjas.

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Padilla, Christina M. "Beyond Just the Average Effect: Variation in Head Start Treatment Effects on Parenting Behavior." AERA Open 6, no. 4 (July 2020): 233285842096969. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2332858420969691.

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Parent engagement has been a cornerstone of Head Start since its inception in 1965. Prior studies have found evidence for small to moderate impacts of Head Start on parenting behaviors but have not considered the possibility that individual Head Start programs might vary meaningfully in their effectiveness at improving parenting outcomes. The present study uses the Head Start Impact Study to examine the average effect of random assignment to and participation in Head Start on parenting outcomes as well as variation in that effect across Head Start programs. Findings reveal that Head Start is effective on average at promoting parents’ daily reading and overall literacy and math activities with children but that effects vary significantly for parents’ literacy and math activities, with some programs much more and some much less effective than their local alternatives. Findings also demonstrate that Head Start has consistent near-zero impacts across centers on parents’ disciplinary interactions with children.

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30

Zarzecka, Krystyna, Marek Gugała, Iwona Mystkowska, and Anna Sikorska. "Changes in dry weight and starch content in potato under the effect of herbicides and biostimulants." Plant, Soil and Environment 67, No. 4 (March 30, 2021): 202–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/622/2020-pse.

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The aim of the study was to determine the interaction of herbicides and herbicides with biostimulants on the accumulation of dry matter and starch in potato tubers. In a three-year field experiment based on the method of randomised sub-blocks, two factors were taken into account. The first factor were potato cultivars: Bartek, Gawin, Honorata. The second factor were five methods of herbicides and biostimulants application: (1) the control object without chemical protection (CO); (2) herbicide linuron + clomazone (Harrier 295 ZC) (H); (3) herbicide linuron + clomazone (Harrier 295 ZC) and biostimulant Ecklonia maxima (Kelpak SL) – (H + K); (4) herbicide metribuzin (Sencor 70 WG) – (S); (5) herbicide metribuzin (Sencor 70 WG) and biostimulant sodium para-nitrophenol, sodium ortho-nitrophenol, sodium 5-nitroguaiacol (Asahi SL) – (S + A). The cultivars and weather conditions significantly affected the content and yields of dry matter and starch. The herbicides and biostimulants used determined the starch accumulation as well as dry matter and starch yields. Most starch in tubers (more by 3.7 g/kg) and the highest dry matter and starch yields (more by 2.87 and 1.79 t/ha, respectively), compared to the control object, were obtained after the application of the herbicide Sencor 70 WG and biostimulant Asahi SL.

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31

Guarás, M. Paula, Vera A. Alvarez, and Leandro N. Ludueña. "Effect Of Storage Time, Plasticizer Formulation And Extrusion Parameters On The Performance Of Thermoplastic Starch Films." Advanced Materials Letters 10, no. 3 (December 31, 2018): 206–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5185/amlett.2019.2205.

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32

Shulga, Oksana, Anastasia Chorna, and Sergii Shulga. "Starch Type Effect on Organoleptic, Thermogravimetric and X-ray Diffraction Indices of Edible Films and Coatings." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 14, no. 1 (February 20, 2020): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht14.01.081.

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33

Karachevtseva, L. "Wannier–Stark electro-optical effect and photonic modes in 2D macroporous silicon structures with SiO2 nanocoatings." Semiconductor Physics Quantum Electronics and Optoelectronics 16, no. 3 (September 30, 2013): 240–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/spqeo16.03.240.

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34

Yang, Q. Z., Z. G. Xiao, Y. Zhao, Ch J. Liu, Y. Xu, and J. K. Bai. "Effect of extrusion treatment on the thermal stability and structure of corn starch with different emulsifiers." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 33, No. 5 (June 3, 2016): 464–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/125/2015-cjfs.

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Corn starch was treated with raw moisture (30%), screw speed (160 rpm), extrusion temperature (30, 55, 80, 105, 130, and 155°C), and emulsifier (1.2%) to produce the starch extrudate particles in a twin screw extruder. The influence of extrusion processing and composition (starch and emulsifier content) on the viscosity, microstructure, solubility, swelling power, and thermal stability of starch extrudate particles was examined. The SEM results showed that the surface of starch extrudate particles was quite irregular and a fissure could be clearly observed. The X-ray intensities and relative crystallinity were decreased after extrusion treatment. The data highlighted that the gelatinisation temperature and solubility were increased and the gelatinisation enthalpy, viscosity, and swelling power were decreased. The emulsifiers present also influenced the thermal stability and solubility of starch extrudate particles, which were attributed to their ability to modify starch granule interactions. The thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry analysis indicated that the thermal stability of starch extrudate particles was improved after extrusion processing.

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35

Zaech, Simon, and Urs Baldegger. "Leadership in start-ups." International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship 35, no. 2 (February 8, 2017): 157–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0266242616676883.

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This article explores the role of leadership in start-ups and outlines a model of when, why and how leadership behaviour of founder-CEOs influences start-up performance. The model has been tested using a sample of 102 start-ups and their founder-CEOs and includes feedback from 372 employees, rating their leadership behaviour of founder-CEOs. The results indicate that transformational leadership has a significant and positive effect on start-up performance. However, no significant, direct effects on start-up performance were found for transactional leadership or laissez-faire leadership. Furthermore, the size of the start-up has a significant, positive, moderating effect on the relationship between laissez-faire leadership and start-up performance, as well as a significant, positive, moderating effect on the relationship between the transactional leadership dimension, management by exception and start-up performance. Results indicate that for start-ups and their performance, leadership behaviour is as important as their context. Today, leadership is neglected by most entrepreneurs and is not considered a motivation for founding a business. The results show that founders should focus more on leadership behaviour.

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Lee, Z. K., D. Heiman, H. Wang, C. G. Fonstad, M. Sundaram, and A. C. Gossard. "Faraday–Stark optoelectronic effect." Applied Physics Letters 69, no. 24 (December 9, 1996): 3731–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.117204.

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37

Telford, Mark. "Giant Stark effect seen." Materials Today 8, no. 4 (April 2005): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1369-7021(05)00774-1.

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38

Chattopadhyay, Arun, and Steven G. Boxer. "Vibrational Stark Effect Spectroscopy." Journal of the American Chemical Society 117, no. 4 (February 1995): 1449–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00109a038.

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39

Bishop, David M. "The vibrational Stark effect." Journal of Chemical Physics 98, no. 4 (February 15, 1993): 3179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.464090.

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40

Vesperini, Enrico, Jongsuk Hong, Jeremy J. Webb, Franca D’Antona, and Annibale D’Ercole. "Dynamical effects on the stellar mass function of multiple stellar populations in globular clusters." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 14, S351 (May 2019): 346–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921319007683.

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AbstractWe present a brief summary of the results of a study of the effects of dynamical evolution on the stellar mass function of multiple-population globular clusters. Theoretical studies have predicted that the process of multiple-population cluster formation results in a system in which second-generation (2G) stars are initially more centrally concentrated than first-generation (1G) stars. In the study presented here, we have explored the implications of the initial differences between the 2G and 1G structural properties for the evolution of the local (measured at different distances from a cluster center) and global mass function. We have studied both systems in which 1G and 2G stars start with the same initial mass function (IMF) and systems in which 1G and 2G stars have different IMFs. Finally we have explored the evolution of the spatial mixing and found that the multiscale nature of the clusters studied leads to a dependence of the mixing rate on the stellar mass.

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41

Burton, M. Diane, Michael S. Dahl, and Olav Sorenson. "Do Start-ups Pay Less?" ILR Review 71, no. 5 (December 13, 2017): 1179–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019793917747240.

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The authors analyze Danish registry data from 1991 to 2006 to determine how firm age and firm size influence wages. Unadjusted statistics suggest that smaller firms paid less than larger firms paid, and that firm age had little or no bearing on wages. After adjusting for differences in the characteristics of employees hired by these firms, however, they observe both firm age and firm size effects. Larger firms paid more than did smaller firms for observationally equivalent individuals but, contrary to conventional wisdom, younger firms paid more than older firms. The size effect, however, dominates the age effect. Thus, although the typical start-up—being both young and small—paid less than a more established employer, the largest start-ups paid a wage premium.

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42

Li, W., S. Yan, and Z. Wang. "Effect of spikelet position on starch proportion, granule distribution and related enzymes activity in wheat grain ." Plant, Soil and Environment 59, No. 12 (December 1, 2013): 568–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/586/2013-pse.

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The starch proportion, starch granule distribution, and activities of enzymes involved in starch synthesis in different spikelet positions were examined during grain development in two high-yielding winter wheat cultivars. The results showed that grain number and weight per spikelet in different spatial position showed a single-peak curve from the base to the top in a wheat spike. Upper spikelets had the highest starch and amylose proportion followed by basal spikelets, whereas middle spikelets had the lowest. Starch and amylose absolute content was in opposition to their proportion. The volume of B- and A-type granule in grain of middle spikelets was remarkably higher and lower than those of basal and upper spikelets, respectively. However, no significant difference occurred in the number of A- and B-type granule in grains among different spikelet position. Compared with the basal and upper spikelets, the middle spikelets showed higher sucrose and ATP content and activities of starch biosynthetic enzymes, and subsequently higher starch absolute content. The results suggested that superior sucrose providing and degradation capacity and the high activities of enzymes involved in starch synthesis resulted in development of B-type starch granule in grain of middle spikelets.

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43

Winterová, R., M. Holasová, and V. Fiedlerová. "Effect of spelt pearling on the contents of total dietary fibre, wet gluten, protein and starch fractions." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 34, No. 1 (June 3, 2016): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/453/2015-cjfs.

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44

Semaan, Thierry, Christophe Martayan, Yves Frémat, Anne-Marie Hubert, Juan Gutiérrez Soto, Coralie Neiner, and Juan Zorec. "Spectral and photometric study of Be Stars in the first exoplanet fields of CoRoT." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 6, S272 (July 2010): 547–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921311011409.

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AbstractFirst we investigate the spectral and photometric properties (colours, magnitudes) of a sample of faint Be stars observed in the first exoplanet fields of CoRoT (IR1, LRA1 and LRC1). We determine the fundamental parameters by fitting ESO-FLAMES/GIRAFFE spectra with synthetic models taking account for non-LTE effects. After that we correct these parameters from fast rotation effects. We also study the location of each star in the (logL vs logT) HR diagram. Second we start to analyse the CoRoT light curves to investigate further the possible correlation between the pulsating properties and the fundamental parameters of the stars.

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45

Barrera, Gabriela N., Alberto E. León, and Pablo D. Ribotta. "Effect of damaged starch on wheat starch thermal behavior." Starch - Stärke 64, no. 10 (June 8, 2012): 786–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/star.201200022.

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46

Ahn, Seungku, Kwon-Sik Kim, and Kwang-Hoon Lee. "Technological Capabilities, Entrepreneurship and Innovation of Technology-Based Start-Ups: The Resource-Based View." Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 8, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/joitmc8030156.

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Despite large-scale financial support of the government, there is increasing criticism about the inefficiency of public R&D investment that fails to lead directly to technological innovation of technology-based start-ups. This paper analyzes the factors that influence technological innovation in Korean technology-based start-ups based on the resource-based view (RBV). The empirical analysis combines ordinary least squares and ordered probit analysis of data collected from 248 technology-based start-ups in Korea. The analysis results statistically confirm the effects of technological capabilities and entrepreneurship on technological innovation. First, a start-up’s technological capabilities measured by patents and technological competitiveness have significant positive effects on technological innovation, while the effect of having an in-house R&D department for technological innovation is not significant. Second, entrepreneurship has a significant positive effect on the technological innovation of a start-up, and this positive effect has a moderating effect that further promotes the positive effect of technological competitiveness on technological innovation.

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47

Schlosser, J., A. Stahl, and I. Balslev. "Polarisation effects of the dynamical Stark effect of excitons in quantum wells." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 2, no. 27 (July 9, 1990): 5979–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/2/27/005.

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48

Combescot, Monique. "Optical Stark effect of the exciton. II. Polarization effects and exciton splitting." Physical Review B 41, no. 6 (February 15, 1990): 3517–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.41.3517.

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49

Yano, Hiroko, Tomonori Koda, Ken Miyata, Taichi Nishio, Naoko Fujita, and Akihiro Nishioka. "Effect of Molecular Architecture of Rice Starch on the Baking Qualities and Rheological Properties of Pure Rice Bread." Nihon Reoroji Gakkaishi 45, no. 1 (2016): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1678/rheology.45.33.

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Signor, Flávia Renata Potrich, Gislaine Silveira Simões, Priscila Ferri Coldebella, Arcangelo Augusto Signor, and Wilson Rogério Boscolo. "Effect of the addition of pregelatinized starch and dextrin in the formulation of tilapia mechanically separated meat patties." Boletim do Instituto de Pesca 45, no. 4 (September 27, 2019): e512. http://dx.doi.org/10.20950/1678-2305.2019.45.4.512.

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