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Doherty, M., A. J. Bunker, R. S. Ellis, and P. J. McCarthy. "The Life Cycle of Massive Red Galaxies." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 2, S235 (August 2006): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921306010313.
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AbstractSamples of Extremely Red Galaxies (ERGs) have generally been seen to comprise a mix of actively star-forming galaxies with significant dust reddening and evolved, passive galaxies, at redshifts about z ≈ 1 − 2. Initial results from deep Keck spectroscopy of ERGs (Doherty et al. 2005) revealed dominant old stellar populations in 75% of our spectroscopic sample, but only 28% have spectra with no evidence of recent star formation activity, such as would be expected for a strictly passively-evolving population. This study suggests that the bulk of the ERGs are luminous, spheroidal, evolved galaxies, but undergoing intermittent activity consistent with continued growth.Through a detailed investigation of individual galaxies in our sample we aim to address various outstanding questions. What fraction of their mass is produced in ongoing star formation? Is there a characteristic mass at which star formation is abruptly truncated? What mechanism provokes a secondary burst of star formation in evolved galaxies?We fit Bruzual & Charlot (2003; BC03) simple stellar population models to the broad band SEDs over a wide baseline, using a reduced χ2 minimisation, to investigate ages, stellar masses and star formation histories. The fits for the early types agree well with information in the spectra and return ages of 2–3 Gyr and masses in the range 1011–1012M⊙. The objects with recent star formation episodes are more complex. Some are fit well by continuous star formation models, accounting for the effects of dust. We are now in the process of exploring multi-population fits to investigate the effects of episodic bursts.Previous morphological studies of ERGs have revealed a diverse mix of galaxies – a combination of pure bulges, disks and a small fraction of irregular or interacting systems. We are curious to determine whether a morphological analysis produces results consistent with the spectroscopic properties of our sample. We are investigating a sub-sample of our galaxies which have HST imaging publically available. Initial results from a quantitative analysis using bulge/disk decomposition with GALFIT and GIM2D indicate that most galaxies with Early type spectra are bulge dominated. In contrast, a significant fraction of the galaxies showing spectroscopic signatures of on-going star formation on top of underlying old stellar populations appear to have a well-established classical spiral morphology, wih knots of star formation located in spiral arms around a central bulge. There is tenuous evidence (under further investigation) that at least half of the post-starbursts in our sample are barred spirals, lending support to theories relating post-starbursts to recent mergers.
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Liman ; Hartanto Budiyuwono, Craven Arden. "ANALYSIS OF CYCLE 8 PERIOD FLYING STAR FENG SHUI ON CYCLE 7 PERIOD RESIDENTIAL SPACE LAYOUT." Riset Arsitektur (RISA) 3, no. 02 (May 15, 2019): 188–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.26593/risa.v3i02.3279.188-204.
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Abstract- Flying Star Feng Shui is one of many Feng Shui forms using the compass method. Flying Star Feng Shuiuses Lo Shu Square with constantly changing number on each palace for every period, unlike traditional LoShu Square which has been used for thousands of years. The concept of Flying Star Feng Shui lies on the dynamicprinciple of time which changes the luck of a person. The objects on this study is a few houses in Bandung Citywhich are built in cycle 7 period (1984 – 2003).The methods used to analyze this study is qualitative descriptive, which the writer observe each of theobjects directly and analyze them using 2 reference books. David Twicken’s Flying Star - Feng Shui Made Easyand Vincent Koh’s Basic Science of Feng Shui.At the end of this study, the conclusion is Flying Star Feng Shui surely can influence the life of the peopleliving in the house. Some events in their life in cycle 8 can be foreseen by Flying Star Feng Shui, such asrobbery, lawsuits, and illness.Key Words: Flying Star Feng Shui, Houses, Events in the life of house users.
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Barger, A. J., A. Aragon-Salamanca, R. S. Ellis, W. J. Couch, I. Smail, and R. M. Sharples. "The life-cycle of star formation in distant clusters." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 279, no. 1 (March 1, 1996): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/279.1.1.
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Armillotta, Lucia, Mark R. Krumholz, Enrico M. Di Teodoro, and N. M. McClure-Griffiths. "The life cycle of the Central Molecular Zone – I. Inflow, star formation, and winds." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 490, no. 3 (October 12, 2019): 4401–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz2880.
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ABSTRACT We present a study of the gas cycle and star formation history in the central 500 pc of the Milky Way, known as Central Molecular Zone (CMZ). Through hydrodynamical simulations of the inner 4.5 kpc of our Galaxy, we follow the gas cycle in a completely self-consistent way, starting from gas radial inflow due to the Galactic bar, the channelling of this gas into a dense, star-forming ring/stream at ≈200–300 pc from the Galactic centre, and the launching of galactic outflows powered by stellar feedback. We find that star formation activity in the CMZ goes through oscillatory burst/quench cycles, with a period of tens to hundreds of Myr, characterized by roughly constant gas mass but order-of-magnitude level variations in the star formation rate. Comparison with the observed present-day star formation rate of the CMZ suggests that we are currently near a minimum of this cycle. Stellar feedback drives a mainly two-phase wind off the Galactic disc. The warm phase dominates the mass flux, and carries $100\!-\!200{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the gas mass converted into stars. However, most of this gas goes into a fountain and falls back on to the disc rather than escaping the Galaxy. The hot phase carries most of the energy, with a time-averaged energy outflow rate of $10\!-\!20{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the supernova energy budget.
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Gieles, Mark, Douglas C. Heggie, and HongSheng Zhao. "The life cycle of star clusters in a tidal field." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 413, no. 4 (March 29, 2011): 2509–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18320.x.
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MARSH, OLIVER. "Life cycle of a star: Carl Sagan and the circulation of reputation." British Journal for the History of Science 52, no. 3 (April 22, 2019): 467–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087419000049.
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AbstractIt is a commonplace in the history of science that reputations of scientists play important roles in the stories of scientific knowledge. I argue that to fully understand these roles we should see reputations as produced by communicative acts, consider how reputations become known about, and study the factors influencing such processes. I reapply James Secord's ‘knowledge-in-transit’ approach; in addition to scientific knowledge, I also examine how ‘biographical knowledge’ of individuals is constructed through communications and shaped by communicative contexts. My case study is Carl Sagan, widely discussed – amongst scientists, media professionals and publics – for his skill as a charismatic popularizer, his perceived arrogance, his political activism, and his debated merit as a researcher. By examining how aspects of Sagan's reputation circulated alongside his scientific work – rather than existing as a static context for his scientific work – I show how different forms of knowledge (biographical and scientific) influence each other as they circulate.
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Clevenger, Caroline M., Moatassem Abdallah, and Jayapradha Madhavan. "ANALYZING TAX CREDITS FOR RESIDENTIAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY USING ENERGY MODELING." Journal of Green Building 13, no. 1 (January 2018): 83–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/1943-4618.13.1.83.
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From roughly 2013 to 2016, ten building product categories related to residential energy efficiency were eligible for United States ENERGY STAR Federal Tax Credits. In general, the objective of residential energy-efficiency tax credits is to encourage individuals to increase residential energy-efficiency investments and invest in properties that generate renewable energy. This research analyses eight of the available tax credit categories for four climatic zones and recommends packages based on low Life Cycle Cost and low First Cost for the eligible ENERGY STAR products. An experiment was conducted using energy modeling software for different tax credits and costs combinations, to explore potential variability in economic impact of the federal program. Analysis used Building America B10 Benchmark as a reference, and the energy computations were completed using Building Energy Optimization (BEopt) software. Results suggest that ENERGY STAR product packages that include PV systems generally have the lowest (best) Life Cycle Costs and packages that include Geothermal Heat Pumps generally have the highest (worst) Life Cycle Costs. However, there are tradeoffs between cost savings and energy source savings, and the particular economics of tax incentives for ENERGY STAR products depend on project specifics as well as owner priorities.
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Tacchella, Sandro, John C. Forbes, and Neven Caplar. "Stochastic modelling of star-formation histories II: star-formation variability from molecular clouds and gas inflow." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 497, no. 1 (June 26, 2020): 698–725. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa1838.
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ABSTRACT A key uncertainty in galaxy evolution is the physics regulating star formation, ranging from small-scale processes related to the life-cycle of molecular clouds within galaxies to large-scale processes such as gas accretion on to galaxies. We study the imprint of such processes on the time-variability of star formation with an analytical approach tracking the gas mass of galaxies (‘regulator model’). Specifically, we quantify the strength of the fluctuation in the star-formation rate (SFR) on different time-scales, i.e. the power spectral density (PSD) of the star-formation history, and connect it to gas inflow and the life-cycle of molecular clouds. We show that in the general case the PSD of the SFR has three breaks, corresponding to the correlation time of the inflow rate, the equilibrium time-scale of the gas reservoir of the galaxy, and the average lifetime of individual molecular clouds. On long and intermediate time-scales (relative to the dynamical time-scale of the galaxy), the PSD is typically set by the variability of the inflow rate and the interplay between outflows and gas depletion. On short time-scales, the PSD shows an additional component related to the life-cycle of molecular clouds, which can be described by a damped random walk with a power-law slope of β ≈ 2 at high frequencies with a break near the average cloud lifetime. We discuss star-formation ‘burstiness’ in a wide range of galaxy regimes, study the evolution of galaxies about the main sequence ridgeline, and explore the applicability of our method for understanding the star-formation process on cloud-scale from galaxy-integrated measurements.
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Armillotta, Lucia, Mark R. Krumholz, and Enrico M. Di Teodoro. "The life cycle of the Central Molecular Zone – II. Distribution of atomic and molecular gas tracers." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 493, no. 4 (February 27, 2020): 5273–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa469.
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ABSTRACT We use the hydrodynamical simulation of our inner Galaxy presented in Armillotta et al. to study the gas distribution and kinematics within the Central Molecular Zone (CMZ). We use a resolution high enough to capture the gas emitting in dense molecular tracers such as NH3 and HCN, and simulate a time window of 50 Myr, long enough to capture phases during which the CMZ experiences both quiescent and intense star formation. We then post-process the simulated CMZ to calculate its spatially dependent chemical and thermal state, producing synthetic emission data cubes and maps of both H i and the molecular gas tracers CO, NH3, and HCN. We show that, as viewed from Earth, gas in the CMZ is distributed mainly in two parallel and elongated features extending from positive longitudes and velocities to negative longitudes and velocities. The molecular gas emission within these two streams is not uniform, and it is mostly associated with the region where gas flowing towards the Galactic Centre through the dust lanes collides with gas orbiting within the ring. Our simulated data cubes reproduce a number of features found in the observed CMZ. However, some discrepancies emerge when we use our results to interpret the position of individual molecular clouds. Finally, we show that, when the CMZ is near a period of intense star formation, the ring is mostly fragmented as a consequence of supernova feedback, and the bulk of the emission comes from star-forming molecular clouds. This correlation between morphology and star formation rate should be detectable in observations of extragalactic CMZs.
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Granot, Zvi, Eran Silverman, Ruth Friedlander, Naomi Melamed-Book, Sarah Eimerl, Rina Timberg, Karen H. Hales, Dale B. Hales, Douglas M. Stocco, and Joseph Orly. "THE LIFE CYCLE OF THE STEROIDOGENIC ACUTE REGULATORY (StAR) PROTEIN: FROM TRANSCRIPTION THROUGH PROTEOLYSIS." Endocrine Research 28, no. 4 (January 2002): 375–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/erc-120016812.
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Illankoon, I. M. Chethana S., Vivian W. Y. Tam, Khoa N. Le, and J. Y. Wang. "Life cycle costing for obtaining concrete credits in green star rating system in Australia." Journal of Cleaner Production 172 (January 2018): 4212–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.11.202.
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Circosta, Chiara. "The impact of AGN on the life of their host galaxies at z ∼ 2." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 15, S356 (October 2019): 194–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921320002896.
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AbstractFeedback from active galactic nuclei (AGN) is thought to be key in shaping the life cycle of host galaxies by regulating star formation. Therefore, measuring the molecular gas reservoir out of which stars form is essential to understand the impact of AGN on star formation. In this talk I present an ongoing analysis to study the CO(J = 3−2) emission in a sample of 25 AGN at z ∼ 2 using ALMA observations. The CO properties of our AGN have been compared to normal (non-AGN) star-forming galaxies. The comparison between the two samples reveals that, on average, the CO luminosities of AGN at high stellar masses (log(M*/M⊙) > 11) are 0.5 dex lower than normal galaxies. We ascribe this difference to the AGN activity, which could be able to change the conditions of the gas through, e.g., excitation, heating or removal of CO.
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Yesuf, Hassen M., and Luis C. Ho. "Gas Content Regulates the Life Cycle of Star Formation and Black Hole Accretion in Galaxies." Astrophysical Journal 901, no. 1 (September 18, 2020): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aba961.
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Sanz-Forcada, J., B. Stelzer, M. Coffaro, S. Raetz, and J. D. Alvarado-Gómez. "Multi-wavelength variability of the young solar analog ι Horologii." Astronomy & Astrophysics 631 (October 17, 2019): A45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201935703.
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Context. Chromospheric activity cycles are common in late-type stars; however, only a handful of coronal activity cycles have been discovered. ι Hor is the most active and youngest star with known coronal cycles. It is also a young solar analog, and we are likely facing the earliest cycles in the evolution of solar-like stars, at an age (~600 Myr) when life appeared on Earth. Aims. Our aim is to confirm the ~1.6 yr coronal cycle and characterize its stability over time. We use X-ray observations of ι Hor to study the corona of a star representing the solar past through variability, thermal structure, and coronal abundances. Methods. We analyzed multi-wavelength observations of ι Hor using XMM-Newton, TESS, and HST data. We monitored ι Hor throughout almost seven years in X-rays and in two UV bands. The summed RGS and STIS spectra were used for a detailed thermal structure model, and the determination of coronal abundances. We studied rotation and flares in the TESS light curve. Results. We find a stable coronal cycle along four complete periods, more than covered in the Sun. There is no evidence for a second longer X-ray cycle. Coronal abundances are consistent with photospheric values, discarding any effects related to the first ionization potential. From the TESS light curve we derived the first photometric measurement of the rotation period (8.2 d). No flares were detected in the TESS light curve of ι Hor. We estimate the probability of having detected zero flares with TESS to be ~2%. Conclusions. We corroborate the presence of an activity cycle of ~1.6 yr in ι Hor in X-rays, more regular than its Ca II H&K counterpart. A decoupling of the activity between the northern and southern hemispheres of the star might explain the disagreement. The inclination of the system would result in an irregular behavior in the chromospheric indicators. The more extended coronal material would be less sensitive to this effect.
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Yamakawa, Shumpei, Yoshiaki Morino, Hisanori Kohtsuka, and Hiroshi Wada. "Retinoic Acid Signaling Regulates the Metamorphosis of Feather Stars (Crinoidea, Echinodermata): Insight into the Evolution of the Animal Life Cycle." Biomolecules 10, no. 1 (December 25, 2019): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10010037.
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Many marine invertebrates have a life cycle with planktonic larvae, although the evolution of this type of life cycle remains enigmatic. We recently proposed that the regulatory mechanism of life cycle transition is conserved between jellyfish (Cnidaria) and starfish (Echinoderm); retinoic acid (RA) signaling regulates strobilation and metamorphosis, respectively. However, the function of RA signaling in other animal groups is poorly understood in this context. Here, to determine the ancestral function of RA signaling in echinoderms, we investigated the role of RA signaling during the metamorphosis of the feather star, Antedon serrata (Crinoidea, Echinodermata). Although feather stars have different larval forms from starfish, we found that exogenous RA treatment on doliolaria larvae induced metamorphosis, like in starfish. Furthermore, blocking RA synthesis or binding to the RA receptor suppressed metamorphosis. These results suggested that RA signaling functions as a regulator of metamorphosis in the ancestor of echinoderms. Our data provides insight into the evolution of the animal life cycle from the viewpoint of RA signaling.
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Haig, Jodie A., Bronwyn M. Gillanders, and Greg W. Rouse. "Live fast, die young: the life cycle of the brooding feather star Aporometra wilsoni (Echinodermata: Crinoidea)." Invertebrate Biology 131, no. 3 (July 27, 2012): 235–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7410.2012.00270.x.
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Simões, Tchilissila Alicerces, Bruno de Sousa, and Isabel Marques Alberto. "Urban Families in Southern Angola: What Makes Them Work? The Empirical Validation of a Family Life Cycle Model." Review of General Psychology 25, no. 2 (March 23, 2021): 185–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1089268021989688.
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In this study, we sought to empirically validate the model of development of urban families in Southern Angola. The study was carried out with a sample of 256 participants ( n = 130, 50.78% women; n = 126, 49.22% men) from urban centers of Southern Angola, aged between 18–79 years. We aimed, particularly, to identify women’s and men’s perceptions of their family functioning (SCORE-15), family vulnerability to stress (FILE), family strengths (FSQ), and family investment in rituals and routines (FRQ-R). The results from the structured additive regression models (STAR) demonstrated the adequacy of this model to explain and organize the data from the sample studied. Moreover, the results identified the perception of an adjusted family functioning, despite the high levels of family vulnerability to stress and low levels of family strength, compared with international studies. This study also showed a great investment in family rituals and routines. Results from STAR highlight the consistency of women throughout family evolution, and greater fluctuations in the results presented by men, particularly those who are in the stages of families with an adolescent or a young adult child and families in the “sandwich” generation. These results contribute to the enrichment of Simões and Alberto’s model and a better understanding of the family reality in urban Southern Angola.
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Farinazzo Martins, Valéria, and Marcelo de Paiva Guimarães. "Star Life Cycle and games development projects for conducting the human-computer interaction course: A practical experience." Computer Applications in Engineering Education 26, no. 5 (June 28, 2018): 1539–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cae.21945.
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Longmore, S. N. "Conversion of gas into stars in the Galactic center." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 9, S303 (October 2013): 132–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921314000386.
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AbstractThe star formation rate in the central 500 pc of the Milky Way is lower by a factor of > 10 than expected for the substantial amount of dense gas it contains, which challenges current star formation theories. I discuss which physical mechanisms could be causing this observation and put forward a self-consistent cycle of star formation in the Galactic center, in which the plausible star formation inhibitors are combined. Their ubiquity suggests that the perception of a lowered central SFR should be a common phenomenon in other galaxies with direct implications for galactic star formation and also potentially supermassive black hole growth. I then describe a scenario to explain the presence of super star clusters in the Galactic center environment, in which their formation is triggered by gas streams passing close to the minimum of the global Galactic gravitational potential at the location of the central supermassive black hole, Sgr A*. If this triggering mechanism can be verified, we can use the known time interval since closest approach to Sgr A* to study the physics of stellar mass assembly in an extreme environment as a function of absolute time. I outline the first results from detailed numerical simulations testing this scenario. Finally, I describe a study showing that in terms of the baryonic composition, kinematics, and densities, the gas in the Galactic center is indistinguishable from high-redshift clouds and galaxies. As such, the Galactic center clouds may be used as a template to understand the evolution (and possibly the life cycle) of high-redshift clouds and galaxies.
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Krumholz, Mark R., Christopher F. McKee, and Joss Bland-Hawthorn. "Star Clusters Across Cosmic Time." Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics 57, no. 1 (August 18, 2019): 227–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-astro-091918-104430.
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Star clusters stand at the intersection of much of modern astrophysics: the ISM, gravitational dynamics, stellar evolution, and cosmology. Here, we review observations and theoretical models for the formation, evolution, and eventual disruption of star clusters. Current literature suggests a picture of this life cycle including the following several phases: ▪ Clusters form in hierarchically structured, accreting molecular clouds that convert gas into stars at a low rate per dynamical time until feedback disperses the gas. ▪ The densest parts of the hierarchy resist gas removal long enough to reach high star-formation efficiency, becoming dynamically relaxed and well mixed. These remain bound after gas removal. ▪ In the first ∼100 Myr after gas removal, clusters disperse moderately fast, through a combination of mass loss and tidal shocks by dense molecular structures in the star-forming environment. ▪ After ∼100 Myr, clusters lose mass via two-body relaxation and shocks by giant molecular clouds, processes that preferentially affect low-mass clusters and cause a turnover in the cluster mass function to appear on ∼1–10-Gyr timescales. ▪ Even after dispersal, some clusters remain coherent and thus detectable in chemical or action space for multiple galactic orbits. In the next decade, a new generation of space– and adaptive optics–assisted ground-based telescopes will enable us to test and refine this picture.
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Jang, Gwi-sook, Seung-min Lee, and Gee-yong Park. "Suggestion of Design Evaluation Plan based on Star Life Cycle to introduce the Information Minimalism Concept of KOREA Nuclear Plant." EPJ Web of Conferences 170 (2018): 03003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817003003.
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The design of Korea Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) main control rooms (MCR) has been changed to be fully digitalized. Five or six display devices are assigned to each operator in NPP MCR to provide the information of safety parameter and plant status, and various control functions by connecting computerized control devices. Under this circumstance, the distributed displays can induce a dispersion of the operators’ attention and increase the workload while conducting monitoring and control tasks efficiently. In addition, to support human operators to reduce their workload and increase the performance, the concepts of the ecological interface design (EID) and the operator-centered design were applied to the design HMI display. However these designs are applied to a limited set of screens and did not differ largely from the traditional HMI design in that the layout of the information is somewhere similar to P&IDs. In this paper, we propose a design evaluation plan based on star life cycle to introduce the information minimalism concept for designing an HMI display.
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Wolfire, Mark G. "The Exploration of the ISM from Antarctica." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 8, S288 (August 2012): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921312016791.
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AbstractAntarctica presents a unique environment for the exploration of the interstellar medium. The low column of water vapor opens windows for sub-mm and THz astronomy from ground and sub-orbital observatories while the stable atmosphere holds promise for THz interferometry. Various current and potentially future facilities occupy a niche not available to current space or stratospheric instruments. These allow line and continuum observations addressing key questions in e.g., star formation, galactic evolution, and the life-cycle of interstellar clouds. This review presents scientific questions that can be addressed by the suite of current and future Antarctic observatories.
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Mianowski, Jacek. "Leadership, circuition, and shift in tabletop wargaming community." Homo Ludens, no. 1 (13) (December 2, 2020): 133–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/hl.2020.13.8.
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The following paper seeks to address the idea of a player community’s life cycle in a holistic way by shedding light on key issues related to the creation of wargaming groups, sustaining these groups and their mechanisms of decay. It encompasses a variety of ethnographic data, gathered from the communities of: Flames of War, Warmachine & Hordes as well as the Star Wars franchise. Bearing in mind that the research is ongoing, the paper incorporates various data gathered in the course of the last three years, including participant observation, fieldwork notes, player interviews, and online discussions.
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Hu, M. Y., E. Lein, M. Bleich, F. Melzner, and M. Stumpp. "Trans-life cycle acclimation to experimental ocean acidification affects gastric pH homeostasis and larval recruitment in the sea star Asterias rubens." Acta Physiologica 224, no. 2 (May 9, 2018): e13075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/apha.13075.
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Loukopoulos, Andreas, Christos Vasilios Katsiropoulos, and Spiros G. Pantelakis. "Carbon footprint and financial evaluation of an aeronautic component production using different manufacturing processes." International Journal of Structural Integrity 10, no. 3 (June 10, 2019): 425–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijsi-07-2018-0043.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to quantify the environmental footprint and cost and thus compare different manufacturing scenarios associated with the production of aeronautical structural components. Design/methodology/approach A representative helicopter canopy, i.e., canopy of the EUROCOPTER EC Twin Star helicopter described in Pantelakis et al. (2009), has been considered for the carbon footprint (life cycle energy and climate change impact analysis) along with the life cycle costing analysis. Four scenarios – combinations of different manufacturing technologies (autoclave and resin transfer molding (RTM)) and end-of-life treatment scenarios (mechanical recycling and pyrolysis) are considered. Findings Using the models developed the expected environmental and cost benefits by involving the RTM technique have been quantified. The environmental impact was expressed in terms of energy consumption and of Global Warming Potential-100. From an environmental standpoint, processing the canopy using the RTM technique leads to decreased energy demands as compared to autoclaving because of the shorter curing cycles exhibited from this technique and thus the less time needed. As far as the financial viability of both processing scenarios is concerned, the more steps needed for preparing the mold and the need for auxiliary materials increase the material and the labor cost of autoclaving as compared to RTM. Originality/value At the early design stages in aeronautics, a number of disciplines (environmental, financial and mechanical) should be taken into account in order to evaluate alternative scenarios (material, manufacturing, recycling, etc.). In this paper a methodology is developed toward this direction, quantifying the environmental and financial viability of different manufacturing scenarios associated with the production of aeronautical structures.
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Martín-Fernández, P., J. Jiménez-Vicente, A. Zurita, E. Mediavilla, and A. Castillo-Morales. "A 3D view of galactic winds in luminous infrared galaxies." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 10, S309 (July 2014): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921314010084.
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AbstractGalactic winds and outflows are an ubiquitous phenomenon in galaxies with active star formation and/or active nuclei. They constitute the main mechanism for redistributing dust and metals on large scales and are therefore a key ingredient to understand the life cycle of galaxies. Among galaxies, ULIRGs are of particular interest in this context, as they host intense starbursts and are likely to be the dominant star formers at z > 1. These objects have been shown to host important winds, but it is not yet known what is the frequency of galactic winds and their properties in galaxies with lower star formation rates (SFR). We are studying galactic winds in a sample of 21 galaxies with different SFRs (including ULIRGs) from observations with the INTEGRAL fiber spectrograph on the 4.2m WHT. In order to be able to address the complex multi–phase nature of the wind phenomenon, we have used the Na I D doublet absorption lines to trace cold gas, and a few emission lines (Hα, [N ii] and [S ii]) to trace the warmer ionized gas of the wind. The distribution and kinematics of both components in these objects is then analysed. Preliminary results show strong spatial correlation between regions with high non–circular velocities, areas with high star formation activity and regions with two different components in the emission lines. This set of data will help us to characterise the distribution and kinematics of the winds and their relation with the host galaxy type.
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Gouws, Anjo-marí. "“I’m Washing My Dishes and Making a Movie”." Camera Obscura: Feminism, Culture, and Media Studies 35, no. 3 (December 1, 2020): 60–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/02705346-8631559.
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Anne Charlotte Robertson’s Five Year Diary (UK, 1982) is a multimodal project that comprises cinematic, written, audio, and food diaries that span almost forty years of the artist’s life. This article focuses on how gendered labor gets taken up in the diary project and contrasts it to the elision of gendered labor found in Stan Brakhage’s lyrical film Star Garden (US, 1974). The article charts two types of gendered labor Robertson engages in over the course of the project. First, as a document that tracks Robertson’s weight loss, a form of labor that she presents in a register of repetitious drudgery that inevitably ends in failure. Close readings of Robertson’s engagement with diet and exercise are considered within the larger genealogy of women presenting their bodies for measurement in second-wave feminist art. This form of gendered labor is in stark contrast to the second important form found in Five Year Diary, that of work located in the domestic realm. Presented in a decidedly different register of repetition, one rooted in joy, Robertson’s time-lapse and stop-motion sequences record her efforts at cooking and cleaning, relying on time-lapse’s transformative quality to use domestic labor as a form of world-making. At odds with the way the domestic realm is presented by the women’s movement as what keeps women captive in a never-ending cycle of repetitive, meaningless work, the essay argues that Robertson records her domestic labor as not just a means to an end but an aesthetic object in itself.
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Li, Bo, and Xing Hui Xiao. "A Grey Correlation Analysis Approach to Analyze the Demand Factors for Movie Theatre Attendance." Applied Mechanics and Materials 687-691 (November 2014): 5181–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.687-691.5181.
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Strong seasonality in demand, a short life cycle, and the constant introduction of new products make the demand of movies one of the main strategic decisions taken by movies’ distributors. This paper provides a rich assessment of the demand characteristics for movie theatre attendance. Taking into account the factors such as star, budget, release time, sequence, producing county and etc, a gray relationship approach is introduced to find the main factors that influence movie demand. Our research shows that the audience demand and sequel factors had the highest correlation. The correlation degree of attendance people and distribute copies is relatively high. Moreover, the more stars and the higher investment, will bring the more audience demand. The computing results will help the operators to maximize revenue.
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Wang, Zhi Wei, Qiu Li Yang, Lei Min Zhang, Li Ping Han, and Jie Sun. "Study on the Optimization of Multi-Factor Influencing Ice Thermal Storage Air Conditioning System Economy." Advanced Materials Research 443-444 (January 2012): 333–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.443-444.333.
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On the basis of dynamic hourly cooling load, an optimal target function was taken as the minimization of sum of system fist cost and operation cost etc., within life cycle for ice thermal air conditioning system, the mathematics model of system optimization was established, and solved based on the external point penalty function method with step accelerate algorithm, using VB.NET for writing calculation program, taking ice thermal air conditioning systems for typical public buildings (an office building, a 4 star level hotel, a large scale store) as study objectives, the optimal calculations and analysis were carried out to multi-factor such as building load profile characteristics, discharge rate, and electrical price structure. Results in this paper provide technical information and reference for designer and operator.
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Klyachko, Olga, Barry D. Stein, Nathan Grindle, Keith Clay, and Clay Fuqua. "Localization and Visualization of a Coxiella-Type Symbiont within the Lone Star Tick, Amblyomma americanum." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, no. 20 (August 24, 2007): 6584–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00537-07.
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ABSTRACT A Coxiella-type microbe occurs at 100% frequency in all Amblyomma americanum ticks thus far tested. Using laboratory-reared ticks free of other microbes, we identified the Amblyomma-associated Coxiella microbe in several types of tissue and at various stages of the life cycle of A. americanum by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and diagnostic PCR. We visualized Amblyomma-associated Coxiella through the use of a diagnostic fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay supplemented with PCR-based detection, nucleic acid fluorescent staining, wide-field epifluorescence and confocal microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Specific fluorescent foci were observed in several tick tissues, including the midgut and the Malpighian tubules, but particularly bright signals were observed in the granular acini of salivary gland clusters and in both small and large oocytes. TEM confirmed intracellular bacterial structures in the same tissues. The presence of Amblyomma-associated Coxiella within oocytes is consistent with the vertical transmission of these endosymbionts. Further, the presence of the Amblyomma-associated Coxiella symbiont in other tissues such as salivary glands could potentially lead to interactions with horizontally acquired pathogens.
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Yarro, Jacob G. "Effect of host plant on moulting in the African armyworm Spodoptera exempta (Walk.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) at constant temperature and humidity conditions." Insect Science and Its Application 6, no. 2 (April 1985): 171–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742758400006585.
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AbstractThere are five caterpillar instars in the life cycle of Spodoptera exempta (Walk.) when they feed upon star grass, Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., maize, Zea mais L. and Kikuyu grass, Pennisetum clandestinum Chiov. at 25–30°C. When the temperature is 18°C, however, there was an additional instar in the cycle. Similarly extra instars are formed on Guinea grass, Panicum maximum Jacq., Setaria plicatilis (Hochst.) Hack, and a sedge, Cyperus maranguensis K. Schm. even when the temperature appears to be sufficiently high for normal development. Occasionally the additional sixth instar is also too small to pupate, in which case a seventh instar is formed. It appears that caterpillars on nutritionally inadequate host plants or those at low temperatures are being partially starved and must continue moulting until the appropriate size is attained or exceeded. Measurements of the head capsule widths or distances between the frontal clypeal setae suggest that only individuals reaching or exceeding a species specific threshold size pupate. Extra moults appear to be an adaptation to environmental fluctuations obtaining within the range of occurrence of S. exempta.
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Safira, Linda, Paulus Harsadi, and Sri Harjanto. "Penerapan Navmesh Dengan Algoritma A Star Pathfinding Pada Game Edukasi 3d Go Green." Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi (TIKomSiN) 9, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.30646/tikomsin.v9i1.540.
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Cleanliness is one of the requirements to create a healthy living environment. But in reality, not everyone have a concern for environmental hygiene and health. For this reason, learning about the importance of caring for environmental cleanliness must be instilled early on. One interesting method to provide learning about environmental cleanliness can be through games. With the 3D visualization of this environmental cleanliness game, it is an effort to raise awareness of the importance of environmental hygiene and health in the community. The location used in making this game is Campus 1 Poltekkes Surakarta. The purpose of this study is implementation of Navmesh with the A Star (A*) Pathfinding Algorithm on the characters so that players can find the trash location point and the location point of the tree with the shortest route. Making this game uses the GDLC (Game Development Life Cycle) method with stages of Initiation, Pre Production, Production, Testing, Beta and Release. This game can be played on desktop and mobile devices. The results of the research that has been done are seen from the algorithm simulation testing is the nodes that are passed by as many as 50 nodes, where there are duplicate data as many as 7 nodes due to real time systems that read nodes over and over. Thus, the application accuracy rate reaches 86%.Keywords: Educational Games, A * Pathfinding, Navmesh
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Doddipatla, Srinivas, Chao He, Shane J. Goettl, Ralf I. Kaiser, Breno R. L. Galvão, and Tom J. Millar. "Nonadiabatic reaction dynamics to silicon monosulfide (SiS): A key molecular building block to sulfur-rich interstellar grains." Science Advances 7, no. 26 (June 2021): eabg7003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abg7003.
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Sulfur- and silicon-containing molecules are omnipresent in interstellar and circumstellar environments, but their elementary formation mechanisms have been obscure. These routes are of vital significance in starting a chain of chemical reactions ultimately forming (organo) sulfur molecules—among them precursors to sulfur-bearing amino acids and grains. Here, we expose via laboratory experiments, computations, and astrochemical modeling that the silicon-sulfur chemistry can be initiated through the gas-phase reaction of atomic silicon with hydrogen sulfide leading to silicon monosulfide (SiS) via nonadiabatic reaction dynamics. The facile pathway to the simplest silicon and sulfur diatomic provides compelling evidence for the origin of silicon monosulfide in star-forming regions and aids our understanding of the nonadiabatic reaction dynamics, which control the outcome of the gas-phase formation in deep space, thus expanding our view about the life cycle of sulfur in the galaxy.
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Jung, Ho Gun, and Sung Woo Shin. "Basic Principles for Integrated Building Sustainability Assessment System Focused on Carbon Emissions." Advanced Materials Research 935 (May 2014): 289–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.935.289.
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Globally or regionally Building Sustainability Assessment Systems (LEED, BREEAM, CASBEE, Green-star, G-SEED and etc.) have been developed and green building market has been growing rapidly. Through updating regularly, these assessment systems have been evaluated themselves. For increasing quantitative efficiency and satisfying social requirement, it was adopted that carbon emission assessment reflects regional specifics and system characteristics. Carbon emission assessment in buildings differs with other industry. Defining scope, boundary and method should be fitted into building level. In this study describe blueprint for integrated building sustainability assessment system focused on carbon emissions to achieving sustainability and considering stakeholders needs. The basic 5 principles are TBL concept, Eco-efficiency, Life Cycle, Top-down/Bottom-up approach and Integrated Design Process. Next generation of building sustainability assessment system should evaluate based on strength of these principle, furthermore those would be used for core concepts of Green Building Index.
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Reichard, Mason V., Tiana L. Sanders, Pabasara Weerarathne, James H. Meinkoth, Craig A. Miller, Ruth C. Scimeca, and Consuelo Almazán. "Cytauxzoonosis in North America." Pathogens 10, no. 9 (September 10, 2021): 1170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10091170.
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Cytauxzoonosis is an emerging tick-borne disease of domestic and wild felids produced by infection of Cytauxzoon felis, an apicomplexan protozoan similar to Theileria spp. Transmitted by Amblyomma americanum, lone star tick, and Dermacentor variabilis, American dog tick, infection of C. felis in cats is severe, characterized by depression, lethargy, fever, hemolytic crisis, icterus, and possibly death. Cytauxzoonosis occurs mainly in the southern, south-central, and mid-Atlantic United States in North America, in close association with the distribution and activity of tick vectors. Infection of C. felis, although severe, is no longer considered uniformly fatal, and unless moribund, every attempt to treat cytauxzoonosis cats should be made. Herein we review cytauxzoonosis, including its etiology, affected species, its life cycle and pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, and epidemiology, emphasizing clinical pathology findings in cats infected with this important emerging tick-borne disease in North and South America.
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Antoun, Richard T. "From Heroes to Celebrities to Moneyball: The Life Cycle of Professional Male Star Athletes Adjusting to Shifting Forms of Competition and Changing Political and Cultural Economies1." Identities 18, no. 2 (March 2011): 138–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1070289x.2011.609423.
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Huang, Liangsong, Yu Hu, Yuxia Li, P. K. Kishore Kumar, Dipak Koley, and Arindam Dey. "A Study of Regular and Irregular Neutrosophic Graphs with Real Life Applications." Mathematics 7, no. 6 (June 17, 2019): 551. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math7060551.
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Fuzzy graph theory is a useful and well-known tool to model and solve many real-life optimization problems. Since real-life problems are often uncertain due to inconsistent and indeterminate information, it is very hard for an expert to model those problems using a fuzzy graph. A neutrosophic graph can deal with the uncertainty associated with the inconsistent and indeterminate information of any real-world problem, where fuzzy graphs may fail to reveal satisfactory results. The concepts of the regularity and degree of a node play a significant role in both the theory and application of graph theory in the neutrosophic environment. In this work, we describe the utility of the regular neutrosophic graph and bipartite neutrosophic graph to model an assignment problem, a road transport network, and a social network. For this purpose, we introduce the definitions of the regular neutrosophic graph, star neutrosophic graph, regular complete neutrosophic graph, complete bipartite neutrosophic graph, and regular strong neutrosophic graph. We define the d m - and t d m -degrees of a node in a regular neutrosophic graph. Depending on the degree of the node, this paper classifies the regularity of a neutrosophic graph into three types, namely d m -regular, t d m -regular, and m-highly irregular neutrosophic graphs. We present some theorems and properties of those regular neutrosophic graphs. The concept of an m-highly irregular neutrosophic graph on cycle and path graphs is also investigated in this paper. The definition of busy and free nodes in a regular neutrosophic graph is presented here. We introduce the idea of the μ -complement and h-morphism of a regular neutrosophic graph. Some properties of complement and isomorphic regular neutrosophic graphs are presented here.
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Dong, Hai-Sheng, Pu Chen, Yan-Bo Yu, Peng Zang, and Zhao Wei. "Simulated manned Mars exploration: effects of dietary and diurnal cycle variations on the gut microbiome of crew members in a controlled ecological life support system." PeerJ 7 (September 26, 2019): e7762. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7762.
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Background Changes in gut microbiome are closely related to dietary and environment variations, and diurnal circle interventions impact on human metabolism and the microbiome. Changes in human gut microbiome and serum biochemical parameters during long-term isolation in a controlled ecological life support system (CELSS) are of great significance for maintaining the health of crewmembers. The Green Star 180 project performed an integrated study involving a four-person, 180-day duration assessment in a CELSS, during which variations in gut microbiome and the concentration of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, α-tocopherol, retinol and folic acid from the crewmembers were determined. Results Energy intake and body mass index decreased during the experiment. A trade-off between Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes during the study period was observed. Dynamic variations in the two dominant genus Bacteroides and Prevotella indicated a variation of enterotypes. Both the evenness and richness of the fecal microbiome decreased during the isolation in the CELSS. Transition of diurnal circle from Earth to Mars increased the abundance of Fusobacteria phylum and decreased alpha diversity of the fecal microbiome. The levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the CELSS were significantly lower than those outside the CELSS. Conclusions The unique isolation process in the CELSS led to a loss of alpha diversity and a transition of enterotypes between Bacteroides and Prevotella. Attention should therefore be paid to the transition of the diurnal circle and its effects on the gut microbiome during manned Mars explorations. In particular, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels require monitoring under artificial light environments and during long-term space flight. Large-scale studies are required to further consolidate our findings.
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Schein, Jonah, Peter Chan, Yuting Chen, Camilla Dunham, Heidi Fuchs, Virginie Letschert, Michael McNeil, et al. "Methodology for the national water savings models– indoor residential and commercial/institutional products, and outdoor residential products." Water Supply 19, no. 3 (July 19, 2018): 879–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2018.136.
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Abstract Since 2006, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has operated WaterSense® in partnership with manufacturers, utilities, and consumer groups. Similar to EPA's ENERGY STAR® role for energy-efficient products, WaterSense® employs a labeling system to identify water-efficient products, homes, and services. As of 2015, the WaterSense® program can claim credit for a total savings of 1.5 trillion gallons of water and $32.6 billion in consumer water and energy bills. Savings are tracked in the National Water Savings (NWS) model that combines innovative analyses with methodologies established in the energy sector. Merging life-cycle cost and national impact analysis models, the NWS model estimates savings from a bottom-up accounting method for individual products. The model extends those savings to the national level by employing parameters such as frequency of product use by number of people and building type, product lifetime, stock accounting, and market saturation. The NWS model tracks the water and consumer monetary savings of WaterSense-labeled products for residential and commercial water use both indoors and out.
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Meixner, Margaret, Jean-Philippe Bernard, Robert D. Blum, Remy Indebetouw, William Reach, Sundar Srinivasan, Marta Sewilo, and Barbara A. Whitney. "Measuring the lifecycle of baryonic matter in the Large Magellanic Cloud with the Spitzer SAGE-LMC survey." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 4, S256 (July 2008): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921308028172.
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AbstractThe recycling of matter between the interstellar medium (ISM) and stars are key evolutionary drivers of a galaxy's baryonic matter. The Spitzer wavelengths provide a sensitive probe of circumstellar and interstellar dust and hence, allow us to study the physical processes of the ISM, the formation of new stars and the injection of mass by evolved stars and their relationships on the galaxy-wide scale of the LMC. Due to its proximity, favorable viewing angle, multi-wavelength information, and measured tidal interactions with the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), the LMC is uniquely suited for surveying the agents of a galaxy's evolution (SAGE), the ISM and stars. The SAGE-LMC project is measuring these key transition points in the life cycle of baryonic matter in the LMC. Here we present a connective view of the preliminary quantities estimated from SAGE-LMC for the total mass of the ISM, the galaxy wide star formation rate and the current stellar mass loss return. For context, we compare these numbers to the LMC's stellar mass.
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Orlando, S., M. Ono, S. Nagataki, M. Miceli, H. Umeda, G. Ferrand, F. Bocchino, et al. "Hydrodynamic simulations unravel the progenitor-supernova-remnant connection in SN 1987A." Astronomy & Astrophysics 636 (April 2020): A22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201936718.
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Context. Massive stars end their lives in catastrophic supernova (SN) explosions. Key information on the explosion processes and on the progenitor stars can be extracted from observations of supernova remnants (SNRs), which are the outcome of SNe. Deciphering these observations, however, is challenging because of the complex morphology of SNRs. Aims. We aim to link the dynamical and radiative properties of the remnant of SN 1987A to the geometrical and physical characteristics of the parent aspherical SN explosion and to the internal structure of its progenitor star. Methods. We performed comprehensive three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations which describe the long-term evolution of SN 1987A from the onset of the SN to the full-fledged remnant at the age of 50 years, accounting for the pre-SN structure of the progenitor star. The simulations include all physical processes relevant for the complex phases of SN evolution and for the interaction of the SNR with the highly inhomogeneous ambient environment around SN 1987A. Furthermore, the simulations follow the life cycle of elements from the synthesis in the progenitor star through the nuclear reaction network of the SN to the enrichment of the circumstellar medium as a result of the mixing of chemically homogeneous layers of ejecta. From the simulations, we synthesize observables that are to be compared with observations. Results. By comparing the model results with observations, we constrained the initial SN anisotropy causing Doppler shifts, observed in the emission lines of heavy elements from ejecta, and leading to the remnant evolution observed in the X-ray band in the last thirty years. In particular, we found that the high mixing of ejecta unveiled by high redshifts and broadenings of [Fe II] and 44Ti lines require a highly asymmetric SN explosion channeling a significant fraction of energy along an axis that is almost lying in the plane of the central equatorial ring around SN 1987A, roughly along the line-of-sight, but with an offset of 40°, with the lobe propagating away from the observer slightly more energetic than the other. Furthermore, we found unambiguously that the observed distribution of ejecta and the dynamical and radiative properties of the SNR can be best reproduced if the structure of the progenitor star was that of a blue supergiant which had resulted from the merging of two massive stars.
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Louw, Johannes Petrus, and Lise Korsten. "Pathogenicity and Host Susceptibility of Penicillium spp. on Citrus." Plant Disease 99, no. 1 (January 2015): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-02-14-0122-re.
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Citrus fruit are exposed to numerous postharvest pathogens throughout the fresh produce supply chain. Well-known postharvest citrus fruit pathogens are Penicillium digitatum and P. italicum. Lesser-known pathogens include P. crustosum and P. expansum. This study examined pathogenicity and aggressiveness of Penicillium spp. present in fresh fruit supply chains on various Citrus spp. and cultivars. The impact of different inoculation methods and storage conditions on decay were also assessed. P. digitatum and P. italicum were the most aggressive Penicillium spp. on citrus but aggressiveness varied significantly over the evaluated citrus range. Decay and tissue-response lesions caused by P. crustosum were observed on ‘Nules Clementine’, ‘Nova’, ‘Owari Satsuma’, ‘Delta Valencia’, ‘Cambria Navel’, ‘Eureka’ seeded, and ‘Star Ruby’ for the first time. Likewise, these lesions caused by P. expansum were noted on Nules Clementine, Owari Satsuma, Delta Valencia, ‘Midknight Valencia’, and Eureka seeded for the first time. Tissue-response lesions affect fruit quality and some Penicillium spp. sporulated from the lesions, causing the inoculated species to complete their life cycle. New citrus–Penicillium spp. interactions were observed and the importance of monitoring inoculum loads of pathogens and nonhost pathogens were highlighted.
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Tarigan, Zeplin Jiwa Husada, Fransisca Andreani, and Sautma Ronni Basana. "The effect of supply chain integration on hotel performance through green supply chain management." Management Science Letters 11, no. 8 (2021): 2175–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2021.5.002.
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Internal and external integration in hotel industries is essential to improve Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) to maintain hotel performance and sustainability. This research is to examine the impact of internal and external integration on GSCM and hotel performance. It is quantitative research with judgmental sampling. Questionnaires were distributed to 72 hotel employees from 62 hotels of three-star hotels and above, who understand GSCM and hotel performance in East Java. But 66 questionnaires were returned, and only 62 questionnaires were valid for data analysis. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) is used to analyze with the help of Java Web Start software. The results show that all six hypotheses are supported, internal integration with Use technology to significantly determine plans and coordination capable of external integration and GSCM. External integration with Sharing knowledge with partners and Collaborating in solving problems can improve GSCM significantly. Supply chain integration, which consists of internal integration and external integration, impacts hotel performance by reducing hotel waste and Efficient use of resources. GSCM in implementing Eco green, green procurement and product life cycle have a significant impact on improving hotel performance.
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Marchi, Lia, Ernesto Antonini, and Stefano Politi. "Green Building Rating Systems (GBRSs)." Encyclopedia 1, no. 4 (September 26, 2021): 998–1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia1040076.
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Green Building Rating Systems (GBRSs) are typically third-party, voluntary, and market driven standards that measure buildings’ sustainability level by multi-criteria assessment, and encourage the adoption of environmentally, socially and economically sustainable practices in design, construction and operation of buildings (or neighborhoods). GBRSs aim at guiding and assessing the project throughout all its life cycle, thus limiting the negative impact on the environment, as well as on the building occupants’ health and well-being, and even reducing operational costs. Hundreds of GBRSs are now available worldwide, varying in approaches, application processes, and evaluation metrics. BREEAM, CASBEE, Green Star and LEED are among the most applied worldwide. Despite some differences, they all adhere to the same general evaluation structure: project performances ares measured using a set of relevant indicators, grouped per topics such as water management, energy use, materials, site qualities. Each assessed requirement is assigned a score/judgment, the total of which determines the level of sustainability achieved. In addition to regular updates, a current trend is to improve the effectiveness of protocols, making them more comprehensive and accurate, while keeping them easy to use.
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Donevski, D., A. Lapi, K. Małek, D. Liu, C. Gómez-Guijarro, R. Davé, K. Kraljic, et al. "In pursuit of giants." Astronomy & Astrophysics 644 (December 2020): A144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202038405.
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The dust-to-stellar mass ratio (Mdust/M⋆) is a crucial, albeit poorly constrained, parameter for improving our understanding of the complex physical processes involved in the production of dust, metals, and stars in galaxy evolution. In this work, we explore trends of Mdust/M⋆ with different physical parameters and using observations of 300 massive dusty star-forming galaxies detected with ALMA up to z ≈ 5. Additionally, we interpret our findings with different models of dusty galaxy formation. We find that Mdust/M⋆ evolves with redshift, stellar mass, specific star formation rates, and integrated dust size, but that evolution is different for main-sequence galaxies than it is for starburst galaxies. In both galaxy populations, Mdust/M⋆ increases until z ∼ 2, followed by a roughly flat trend towards higher redshifts, suggesting efficient dust growth in the distant universe. We confirm that the inverse relation between Mdust/M⋆ and M⋆ holds up to z ≈ 5 and can be interpreted as an evolutionary transition from early to late starburst phases. We demonstrate that the Mdust/M⋆ in starbursts reflects the increase in molecular gas fraction with redshift and attains the highest values for sources with the most compact dusty star formation. State-of-the-art cosmological simulations that include self-consistent dust growth have the capacity to broadly reproduce the evolution of Mdust/M⋆ in main-sequence galaxies, but underestimating it in starbursts. The latter is found to be linked to lower gas-phase metallicities and longer dust-growth timescales relative to observations. The results of phenomenological models based on the main-sequence and starburst dichotomy as well as analytical models that include recipes for rapid metal enrichment are consistent with our observations. Therefore, our results strongly suggest that high Mdust/M⋆ is due to rapid dust grain growth in the metal-enriched interstellar medium. This work highlights the multi-fold benefits of using Mdust/M⋆ as a diagnostic tool for: (1) disentangling main-sequence and starburst galaxies up to z ∼ 5; (2) probing the evolutionary phase of massive objects; and (3) refining the treatment of the dust life cycle in simulations.
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Swire, Cleodie. "The life-cycle of stars." Young Scientists Journal 4, no. 10 (2011): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0974-6102.92198.
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Reinfeld, Erika L., and Mark A. Hartman. "Kinesthetic Life Cycle of Stars." Astronomy Education Review 7, no. 2 (August 2008): 158–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/aer2008036.
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Achimská, Veronika. "Start-ups, bearers of innovation in globalizing environment and their valuation." SHS Web of Conferences 74 (2020): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20207401001.
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The paper presents chosen methods of star-up valuation. In the context of globalization, innovations are clearly bearers of a potential enterprises’ competitiveness, start-ups are consider as their most important sources. Start-ups are mainly based on the human capital designed to create novel products, services, processes, and bring them to the markets. The basic precondition for meaningful growth of start-ups is favourable business environment (legal and administrative point of view) and framework supporting innovative entrepreneurship including access to external sources of financing. Start-ups are investments with a significant degree of uncertainty, lacking any characteristics pointing to their financial and economic performance from a historical perspective, which restricts the use of “traditional” business valuation methods. It should also be pointed out that, as there is no uniform valuation for maturity enterprises, there is no uniform procedure for valuing of a business even in the case of start-ups. The presented approaches take into account decisive criteria of start-ups, including a life cycle of a start-up in which an investment is made, and other factors affecting valuation. Their use from a theoretical point of view is generalized, the practical use is already determined by specific conditions under which the valuation takes place.
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Narozhnyi, A. N. "ГАЛАКТИЧНІ СЛІДИ РЕГЕНЕРАЦІЇ ВОДНЮ." Open Information and Computer Integrated Technologies, no. 89 (March 23, 2021): 123–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/oikit.2020.89.10.
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The article discusses direct consequences of hydrogen regeneration mechanisms observed in galaxies when galactic nuclei are active. Previously, these mechanisms have been presented by describing the work of structures that form quasar jets. Based on evaluation of the findings obtained through observation of our Galaxy and intergalactic space, the present article gives direct evidence that the aforementioned processes exist. The adduced evidence is astronomical objects that have come into existence as a result of hydrogen ejected by jets together with plasma and dust. In terms of the Milky Way galaxy, this fact is emphasised by direct astronomical observation of its elements. There are also evidential findings among intergalactic astronomy observational data, whose origin is explained comprehensively in terms of the present approach. However, the provided findings are traditionally regarded from the prevailing Big Bang theory perspective. For instance, according to this theory, huge intergalactic hydrogen clouds are interpreted as residual hydrogen left from the primary explosion. The Milky Way observation results include data indicative of alleged contribution of the given processes to formation of some of its structural elements, including a number of satellite galaxies. There is a criterion whereby it is possible to distinguish galactic gas clouds and star clusters formed of galactic matter itself. This matter containing a great deal of regenerated hydrogen was ejected from a galactic nucleus during the period of its activity. Based on the example of a spiral galaxy, it is assumed that active galactic nuclei are possibly involved in the formation of its morphology. It is concluded that, when being active, a central supermassive object performs its primary function, which is to process waste produced during the life of stars. This process is the final link in the galactic life cycle, which consists of two reciprocal processes. The first one is about hydrogen burning continuously in stars, while the second one is about episodic activity of the galactic nucleus, which results in star waste that contributes to regeneration of hydrogen needed to maintain direct processes within the galaxy. The two specified processes are associated with one more process: stellar electromagnetic radiation energy extended beyond the galaxy partially returns to it. The process is completed due to a fragment of dark matter. The overarching conclusion can be drawn: as a functional system, the Universe is well-organised and self-sufficient to last forever.
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Celik, F., S. Gunyakti Kilinc, H. Kaya Kesik, H. Ahmed, and S. Simsek. "In-silico analysis of mt-CO1 gene of Taenia hydatigena sheep isolates." Helminthologia 58, no. 1 (February 10, 2021): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/helm-2021-0007.
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Summary Taenia hydatigena is a tapeworm that affects herbivores in different regions of the world. Cysticercus tenuicollis (larvae of T. hydatigena), is prevalent in ruminants and pigs. In the current study, phylogenetic analysis of the published mt-CO1 gene of C. tenuicollis sheep isolates was analyzed using in-silico method and vertical and horizontal transmission at the global level by using a meta-analysis approach. A total of 82 mt-CO1 nucleotide sequences (339 bp) of C. tenuicollis sheep isolates from the NCBI database (Italy -Sardinia-, Iran, Palestine, Iraq, Finland, India and China) were used to investigate haplotype and genetic relationships. Tajima’s D (-2,2984) value was negative for the mt-CO1 sequences signifying the population expansion and/or purifying selection. The highly negative Fu’s Fs (-60,528) values determined for the sequences reflecting the existence of uncommon haplotypes. The mt-CO1 of C. tenuicollis haplotype network had 47 haplotypes arranged within a star-like configuration with a main haplotype, which encompassed 25.6 % of the total isolates. In the mt-CO1 haplotype network analyzed, there were 80.5 % unique single haplotype and highest ratio was observed in C. tenuicollis from sheep originating from Iran, followed by Sardinia, Palestine and Finland. If the current condition continues, genetic differences in T. hydatigena will be able to rise, and possible new strains and/or genotypes that may influence the host adaptation and life cycle of the parasite may emerge.