Academic literature on the topic 'Staple recycled fiber'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Staple recycled fiber.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Staple recycled fiber":
1
Reichert, Olaf, Larisa Ausheyks, Stephan Baz, Joerg Hehl, and Götz T. Gresser. "Innovative rC Staple Fiber Tapes - New Potentials for CF Recyclates in CFRP through Highly Oriented Carbon Staple Fiber Structures." Key Engineering Materials 809 (June 2019): 509–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.809.509.
Abstract:
Increasing waste streams of carbon fibers (CF) and carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) lead to increasing need for recycling and to growing amounts of recycled carbon fibers. A main issue in current research for carbon fiber recycling is the reuse of regained fibers. Carbon staple fibers such as recycled fibers hold big potential for mechanical properties of lightweight parts, if used properly. Applying recycled CF (rCF) as milled reinforcement fibers or as nonwoven in carbon fiber reinforced plastic leads to a poor yield of mechanical proper due to low fiber orientation, limitations in fiber volume content or due to short fiber length. The rC staple fiber tape presents a more efficient approach. Recycled carbon fibers are blended with 50 wt. % thermoplastic nylon 6 fibers and processed through a roller card to a sliver, which is a linear fibrous intermediate. The sliver is continuously drawn, formed, heated and consolidated to the thermoplastic rC staple fiber tape. The tape is similar to common carbon fiber tapes or to continuous tows but has different positive properties, such as high fiber orientation, homogeneous blend of fiber and matrix and suitability for deep drawing.
2
Detzel, Martin, Peter Mitschang, and Ulf Breuer. "New Approach for Processing Recycled Carbon Staple Fiber Yarns into Unidirectionally Reinforced Recycled Carbon Staple Fiber Tape." Polymers 15, no. 23 (November 30, 2023): 4575. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15234575.
Abstract:
This study describes a novel process in which staple fiber yarns made from recycled carbon fibers (rCFs) and polyamide 6 (PA6) fibers are further processed into semi-finished tape products in a modified impregnation and calendaring process. In this process, the staple fiber yarns are heated above the melting temperature of the polymer, impregnated, and stretched to staple fiber tapes (SF tapes) in the calendaring unit. SF tapes with different degrees of stretching and/or repasses were produced. The individual width and thickness were measured in line by a laser profile sensor. From these tapes, preforms were manually laid and processed into laminates in an autoclave. The important physical properties of the unidirectionally reinforced laminates made of the tapes were compared with organic sheets wound from staple fiber yarns. With increasing stretching, both the fiber orientation and mechanical properties improved compared to the organic sheets made from unstretched staple fiber yarns. An improvement in fiber orientation relative to the process direction from 66.3% to 91.9% (between ±10°) and 39.1% to 71.6% (between ±5°), respectively, was achieved for a two-stage stretched tape. The tensile and flexural moduli were increased by 15.2% and 14.5%, respectively.
3
Goergen, Christian, Stephan Baz, Peter Mitschang, and Götz T. Gresser. "Recycled Carbon Fibers in Complex Structural Parts - Organic Sheets Made of rCF Staple Fiber Yarns." Key Engineering Materials 742 (July 2017): 602–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.742.602.
Abstract:
In order to sustainably establish carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites (CFRPC) in the market on an industry scale, solutions on how to recycle these new materials have to be developed. Quasi-continuously aligned carbon staple fiber structures in organic sheets made of recycled carbon are one approach which will be dealt with in this article. The process chain as well as the mechanical properties will be presented. Moreover, the specific feature of staple fiber yarns to be able to plastically deform under process temperature, enabling new degrees of deep-drawing of CFRPC organic sheets in the thermoforming process, will be highlighted.
4
Goergen, Christian, Dominic Schommer, Miro Duhovic, and Peter Mitschang. "Deep drawing of organic sheets made of hybrid recycled carbon and thermoplastic polyamide 6 staple fiber yarns." Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials 33, no. 6 (November 15, 2018): 754–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0892705718811407.
Abstract:
Fully impregnated fiber-reinforced thermoplastic sheets, or the so-called organic sheets, allow the thermoforming of parts within very short cycle times. This article describes the development of the next generation of organic sheet materials based on recycled carbon fibers and polyamide 6 staple fiber yarns. Regardless of the recycled nature of the fibers and an average fiber length of 25 mm, the organic sheets still reach a comparable level of the tensile strength and modulus of continuous fiber-reinforced organic sheets made of virgin CF with the same reinforcement structure. Due to the staple fiber yarn architecture, the organic sheets feature a deep-drawing ability of a total plastic deformation up to 50% in the fiber direction. The effect is enabled via an interfiber sliding when the organic sheet is processed in the molten condition. The creation of a finite element model for the thermoforming process simulation of the material is also presented. Predictions of the plastic strain distribution and its magnitude are shown to agree well with forming experiments where a curved geometry is formed to different depths.
5
Yang, Fan. "The Feasibility Analysis and Development of the PET Regenerated Staple Fiber Industry." Applied Mechanics and Materials 733 (February 2015): 990–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.733.990.
Abstract:
Waste PET bottles which is the main ingredients are PET (polyethylene terephthalate), is not easy to degrade under natural conditions. If without recycling rationally, waste plastic bottles will pollute the environment, that is of no advantage for “the construction of resource saving and environment-friendly society”. This paper introduces a new kind of recycling way – the technology of regenerating fibers – that will process the recycled PET bottle flakes into staple fiber (a kind of textile raw materials). And finally it can produce various raw materials of textile garments by the staple fiber. The process of PET bottle flakes recycling mainly takes five steps: sorting, separation, cleaning, crushing and using. This paper analyzes the domestic and foreign PET processing of technology on regenerating staple fiber. And it puts forward a complete set of modification technology program for regenerating staple fiber by PET on the basic of theory.
6
Goergen, Christian, Stephan Baz, Peter Mitschang, and Götz T. Gresser. "Organic Sheets Made of Recycled Carbon Staple Fiber Yarns." Lightweight Design worldwide 10, no. 3 (June 2017): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41777-017-0024-2.
7
Salmins, Maximilian, Florian Gortner, and Peter Mitschang. "Challenges in Manufacturing of Hemp Fiber-Reinforced Organo Sheets with a Recycled PLA Matrix." Polymers 15, no. 22 (November 8, 2023): 4357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15224357.
Abstract:
This study investigates the influence of a hot press process on the properties of hemp fiber-reinforced organo sheets. Plain-woven fabric made from hemp staple fiber yarns is used as textile reinforcement, together with a recycled poly-lactic acid (PLA) matrix. Process pressure and temperature are considered with three factor levels for each parameter. The parameter influence is examined based on the B-factor model, which considers the temperature-dependent viscosity of the polymer, as well as the process pressure for the calculation of a dimensionless value. Increasing these parameters theoretically promotes improvements in impregnation. This study found that the considered recycled polymer only allows a narrow corridor to achieve adequate impregnation quality alongside optimal bending properties. Temperatures below 170 °C impede impregnation due to the high melt viscosity, while temperature increases to 185 °C show the first signs of thermal degradation, with reduced bending modulus and strength. A comparison with hemp fiber-reinforced virgin polypropylene, manufactured with identical process parameters, showed that this reduction can be mainly attributed to polymer degradation rather than reduction in fiber properties. The process pressure should be at least 1.5 MPa to allow for sufficient compaction of the textile stack, thus reducing theoretical pore volume content to a minimum.
8
Li, Ting-Ting, Rui Wang, Ching Wen Lou, Jan-Yi Lin, and Jia-Horng Lin. "Static and dynamic puncture failure behaviors of 3D needle-punched compound fabric based on Weibull distribution." Textile Research Journal 84, no. 18 (June 9, 2014): 1903–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517514534751.
Abstract:
Through-thickness reinforcement structure of compound fabric was formed through a two-sided needle-punching and thermal-bonding processes. This study presents static and dynamic puncture resistances of compound fabric comprised of Kevlar®/PA6/low-melting PET nonwoven, low-melting PET/PET nonwoven and woven fabric. The effect of the staple fibers fraction on puncture resistance was investigated to assess optimal fiber content in the nonwoven layer. Static and dynamic puncture failure models of non-thermal-bonded and thermal-bonded compound fabrics were constructed using a Weibull probability distribution to predict puncture failure reliability. Result indicates that puncture forces increased and then decreased with low-melting PET fibers, but steadily improved with recycled Kevlar® fibers. Puncture failure probability models show that thermal-bonding largely improved failure reliability of the static puncture property, but slightly decreased dynamic puncture performance. Puncture failure mechanisms were respectively exposed according to SEM observations.
9
Hengstermann, M., N. Raithel, A. Abdkader, MMB Hasan, and Ch Cherif. "Development of new hybrid yarn construction from recycled carbon fibers for high performance composites. Part-I: basic processing of hybrid carbon fiber/polyamide 6 yarn spinning from virgin carbon fiber staple fibers." Textile Research Journal 86, no. 12 (November 5, 2015): 1307–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517515612363.
10
Lin, Jia Horng, Chen Hung Huang, Yu Chun Chuang, Ying Huei Shih, Ching Wen Lin, and Ching Wen Lou. "Property Evaluation of Sound-Absorbent Nonwoven Fabrics Made of Polypropylene Nonwoven Selvages." Advanced Materials Research 627 (December 2012): 855–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.627.855.
Abstract:
The rapid development of textile industry at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution results in the invention of synthetic fibers. As synthetic fibers cannot be decomposed naturally, significant textile waste is thus created. Selvages, which make up the majority of our total garbage output, have a low value and thus are usually sold cheaply or outsourced as textile waste. This study aims to recycle and reclaim the nonwoven selvages which are discarded by the textile industry. The recycled polypropylene (PP) selvages, serving as a packing material, and 6 denier PP staple fibers are made into the recycled PP nonwoven fabrics. The resulting nonwoven fabrics are subsequently tested in terms of maximum tensile breaking strength, tearing strength, surface observation, thickness measurement and sound absorption coefficient.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Staple recycled fiber":
1
Hengstermann, M., N. Raithel, A. Abdkader, M. M. B. Hasan, and Ch Cherif. "Development of new hybrid yarn construction from recycled carbon fibers for high performance composites: Part-I: basic processing of hybrid carbon fiber/polyamide 6 yarn spinning from virgin carbon fiber staple fibers." Sage, 2016. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A35421.
Abstract:
The availability of a considerable amount of waste carbon fiber (CF) and the increased pressure to recycle/reuse materials at the end of their life cycle have put the utilization of recycled CF (rCF) under the spotlight. This article reports the successful manufacturing of hybrid yarns consisting of staple CF cut from virgin CF filament yarn and polyamide 6 fibers of defined lengths (40 and 60 mm). Carding and drawing are performed to prepare slivers with improved fiber orientation and mixing for the manufacturing of hybrid yarns. The slivers are then spun into hybrid yarns on a flyer machine. The investigations reveal the influence of fiber length and mixing ratio on the quality of the card web, slivers and on the strength of the hybrid yarns. The findings based on the results of this research work will help realize value-added products from rCF on an industrial scale in the near future.
2
Shi, Yang. "Economie circulaire pour les composites à fibres de carbone : du déchet aéronautique vers les composites carbone+ thermoplastiques recyclés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022BORD0153.
Abstract:
Depuis leur industrialisation, la production de composites en fibres de carbone augmente de façon continue. Lors du recyclage des composites à fibres de carbone, seules les fibres seront recyclées. La « suppression » de la matrice est réalisée par pyrolyse, solvolyse ou vapo-thermolyse, procédés qui n’entraînent que peu de dégradation des fibres. Afin de susciter une demande pour les fibres de carbone recyclées, il faut donner de la valeur ajoutée aux fibres recyclées en démontrant la faisabilité de fabriquer des pièces composites (fibre recyclée+matrice) de haute qualité.Les architectures de fibres recyclées semi longues avec un très bon alignement ont été produites par la technologie de réalignement brevetée du laboratoire qui permet d’assurer une exploitation optimale des propriétés des fibres de carbone recyclées. Dans le but de maîtriser et d’optimiser les propriétés du nouveau composite (à fibres discontinues), les mécanismes de transfert de charge entre fibres ont été étudiés, et les propriétés utiles de la matrice ont été identifiées. Une attention particulière a été portée au calcul de la longueur de transfert de charge entre deux fibres discontinues en fonction des propriétés de l'interface fibre recyclée / matrice thermoplastique. En effet, notre objectif est non seulement de rechercher des solutions optimales en termes de résistance mais aussi des solutions qui permettent de limiter l’impact environnemental, d’où notre choix des matrices thermoplastiques (y compris recyclées) pour cette étude.Tous les résultats des simulations numériques ont été validés par comparaison avec des résultats expérimentaux. De plus des composites fibres de carbone recyclées/matrice thermoplastique (PA6 et PC) ont été mis en œuvre et testés. Ces matériaux présentent des taux de fibres supérieurs à 50% et offrent de meilleures propriétés mécaniques que les mêmes matériaux avec matrice epoxy.Une analyse environnementale a été propsée sur l’exemple d’une pale d’éolienne portative en comparant les impacts de la matière première, de la fabrication et de la fin de vie d’une pièce réalisée avec différents matériaux (alliage léger, composite fibres de verre, composites à fibres recyclées). Cela démontre l’intérêt des fibres de carbone recyclées associées à une matrice thermoplastique recyclée, pour minimiser l’impact environnemental tout en maximisant les performances mécaniquesSince their industrialization, the production of carbon fiber composites is continuously increasing. When recycling carbon fiber composites, only the fibers are recycled. The matrix is "removed" by pyrolysis, solvolysis or vapour-thermolysis, processes that cause little degradation of the fibres. In order to create a demand for recycled carbon fibers, it is necessary to add value to recycled fibers by demonstrating the feasibility of manufacturing high quality composite parts (recycled fiber + matrix).Semi-long recycled fiber architectures with very good alignment were produced by the laboratory's patented realignment technology that ensures optimal exploitation of recycled carbon fiber properties. In order to control and optimize the properties of the new composite (staple fiber), the mechanisms of load transfer between fibers were studied, and the useful properties of the matrix were identified. Particular attention has been paid to the calculation of the load transfer length between two staple fibers as a function of the properties of the recycled fiber/thermoplastic matrix interface. Indeed, our objective is not only to find optimal solutions in terms of strength but also solutions that allow to limit the environmental impact, hence our choice of thermoplastic matrices (including recycled) for this study.All the results of the numerical simulations were validated by comparison with experimental results. In addition, recycled carbon fiber/thermoplastic matrix composites (PA6 and PC) were implemented and tested. These materials have fiber contents higher than 50% and offer better mechanical properties than the same materials with epoxy matrix.An environmental analysis was performed on the example of a portable wind turbine blade by comparing the impacts of the raw material, manufacturing and end of life of a part made with different materials (light alloy, glass fiber composite, recycled fiber composites). This demonstrates the interest of recycled carbon fibers associated with a recycled thermoplastic matrix, to minimize the environmental impact while maximizing mechanical performance
Book chapters on the topic "Staple recycled fiber":
1
Jiang, Xiaojian, Guangxiu Fang, and Zhiyu An. "Design and Mechanical Properties of Recycled Concrete with Flax Fiber Incorporated in the Ratio." In Advances in Frontier Research on Engineering Structures. IOS Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde230220.
Abstract:
The test is based on a block with a strength of MU10.0, and after reviewing the literature, fly ash with a mass fraction of 20%, recycled aggregate with a replacement rate of 70%, and flax fibre with a volume fraction of 0.3% are added. The empirical formula is used to calculate and propose the ratio of recycled concrete with flax fibre, and a novel structural design for a self-insulated block is also proposed. The compressive and thermal properties of the self-insulated blocks were finally simulated using ANSYS finite element software, and it was discovered that the blocks’ stress distribution was uniform and stable, with a maximum stress value of 13.19 Mpa and a minimum stress value of 8.79 Mpa. Additionally, the distribution of the heat flow density is more even and stable, and the heat flow transfer is concentrated more in the left portion of the block. According to the energy conservation equation of heat flow steady state, the block’s simulated heat transfer coefficient is 0.416 W/(m2·K), which satisfies the numerical requirements of the current energy conservation design standards for homes in cold and cold regions.
Conference papers on the topic "Staple recycled fiber":
1
Korayem, Abd-Elrahman, Alexander Kepreos, and Mahmoodul Haq. "Behavior of Bamboo Fiber Reinforced Composites: Pristine and Damaged." In ASME 2023 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2023-114033.
Abstract:
Abstract Natural fiber composites have proven elusive to large scale use in industry due to their lower mechanical properties than glass or carbon fibers despite their low cost, natural availability, and sustainable sourcing. The large variance in quality, behavior, necessary processing, compatibility with a thermoset matrix and longevity between the different types of natural fibers makes it challenging to descern the optimal formulation of natural fiber to be used as the reinforcing substrate in composite materials. The lack of uniformity in fiber quality within single strands of natural fiber can create challenges for their use in high strength applications where there are high standards for conformity to an ideal material behavior. Accordingly, for those applications it is common practice to use weaved fibers with high levels of homogeniety over large lengths, which is a requirement that can only be met when the fibers are subjected to the same processing parameters in their synthesis, such as E-Glass and PAN Carbon fibers. However, there is still considerably wide use for composites in applications with medium to low strength requirements, such as panelling, framing and brakets. It is in this area that chopped strand mats find wide use and adoption. In this study we investigate the behavior of different types and mixtures of chopped strand bamboo fiber reinforced thermoset composites, where the reinforcing bamboo fiber extraction, processing and their resin infusion have been performed using different techinques. The study covers the bamboo fibers that are extracted both mechanically and chemically, as it also covers resin infusion through VARTM and by manual mixing and consolidating using compression molding. Two different mechanically extracted fiber types are studied. One is extracted by manually seperating individual fibrils from the culm of the fresh bamboo stalk. The other type is extracted using the manner performed in the textile industry, by crushing the stalk and combing the viscose top. The chemically extracted bamboo fiber is processed by delignifying the bamboo stalk, by submerging it in acid, leaving the cellulose fibers intact. These different fiber types are then prepared into chopped strand mats and infused with a thermoset resin containing recycled polyester. Glass Fiber (GF) is also used as the baseline for understanding the standard perfromance of this application. Samples are also drilled to evaluate their response to damage similar to what can be expected for the materials to undergo in joining operations. Results of the study show that industrially prepared GF performs significanlty better than the bamboo fibers when prepared with VARTM, even though the bamboo fibers theoretically have a similar stiffness. Bamboo fibers are however, able to bridge this gap, when prepared in the compression mold, as matrix dominated behavior allows for equalization of contribution across the different fiber regimes. There seems to be minimumal variation in the response of the bamboo fibers to damage by drilling, similar to what is witnessed from GF as well. This shows that for the applications of medium and low strength requirements, bamboo fiber can be a truly competitive alternative to synthetic fibers.
2
Singireddy, Vishal Reddy, Rohit Jogineedi, and Peter Filip. "Performance of environmentally sustainable NAO Cu-free brake pads containing nitrile rubbers and recycled friction material." In EuroBrake 2022. FISITA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46720/eb2022-ebs-016.
Abstract:
"As the automotive industry tends towards development of sustainable and environmentally friendly friction material, studies on potentially recycling and re-using friction material have become increasingly important. In this research, two brake pads, made of sustainable recycled friction material (ACI Industries, Ltd.), identical in formulation except the type of rubber (Zeon Chemicals L.P.), were developed in the laboratory. Rubbers are a key component in brake friction material and impact dampening the friction level and stability, wear, vibration, and noise, by contributing to formation of friction layers and influencing mechanical and thermal and corrosion properties of brake pads. These aspects become even more relevant when electric vehicles are considered since they are almost noise-free. The laboratory-developed samples were tested by adopting the scaled-down SAE J2522 brake effectiveness procedure [1, 2, 3] against surface treated commercially available pearlitic gray cast iron rotors (Waupaca Foundry Inc.), [4, 5]. Universal Mechanical Tester (UMT, Tribolab by Bruker) was used to perform the test. Vibrational response was characterized by using a triaxial ICP accelerometer (PCB Electronics, Model = 356A45), sound pressure levels were monitored by a ¼” free-field prepolarized microphone (PCB Electronics, Model = 377C01) and data from them were collected using a high-performance oscilloscope (Agilent Technologies, Model = MSOX2024A) and DAQ (NI USB - 6218). Wear debris and the friction surfaces of tested samples were analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (FEI, Model: Quanta FEG450) and Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX, Oxford Instruments). Mechanical properties, density and porosity were measured using CV Shore D durometer (ASTM D2240) and AWS ALX – 310 precision balance. The developed lightweight samples exhibited extremely low open porosity (< 3.5 %) and optimal (with respect to compressibility) hardness (~ 55). The newly developed pads when tested against coated rotors developed optimal friction layer responsible for very stable and relatively high friction levels, very low wear of pads and rotors, and a extremely ""quiet"" operating conditions. This performance was ascribed to a combined effect of the i) appropriate friction layer, ii) hardness and compressibility, and iii) the low porosity. [1] Rohith Redda Boyna, “Impact of Friction Test Scale on Brake Friction Performance”, Master’s thesis, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, December 2016 [2] Vishal Reddy, et al., ""Impact of Acrylic Fiber on the Performance of Newly Developed Friction Materials for Vehicles with Regenerative Braking,"" 38th Annual SAE Brake Colloquium (Online and on-demand), Oct. 2020 [oral presentation only] [3] Vishal Reddy, et al., “On Scaled-down Bench Testing to Accelerate Development of Novel Friction Brake Materials” (to be published) [4] Filip, Peter, and Nathan K. Meckel. ""Wear resistant braking systems."" U.S. Patent 10,895,295, issued January 19, 2021. [5] Filip, Peter, and Nathan K. Meckel. ""Wear resistant braking systems."" U.S. Patent 10,197,121, issued February 5, 2019. "
3
Marošević Dolovski, Ana, Katarina Itrić Ivanda, Rahela Kulčar, and Suzana Pasanec Preprotić. "Fluorescence spectroscopic analysis of biodegraded pressure-sensitive labels made from agro-industrial and post-consumer waste." In 11th International Symposium on Graphic Engineering and Design. University of Novi Sad, Faculty of technical sciences, Department of graphic engineering and design, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/grid-2022-p86.
Abstract:
Today, more than ever, sustainability is at its highest peak of daily interest for all business sectors, especially involving label and packaging industries. Usage of paper products made from alternative fiber sources is a very important topic that directly supports circular economy in everyday life. Although paper products should be recycled or re-used as secondary source of raw - material, a vast volume of products end their life at landfill, especially still in our region, causing excessive accumulation in the environment. For the purpose of this research, fluorescence intensity was measured on three different biodegraded pressure sensitive label material samples (PSL), made from agro-industrial and postconsumer waste. PSL materials utilized in this research are widely used for labelling various products, for example, wine, luxury products, food etc. and are compiled of 3 parts: facestock, adhesive and liner. PSL materials are enriched with optical brighteners to give the final product the desired optical properties. Fluorescence spectroscopy is a direct measure of optical brightener concentration within the substrate. Biodegradation was performed by usage of soil burial test under aerobic conditions. Laboratory soil burial experiments were conducted at room temperature (25±2°C) by placing the unprinted label paper substrates; facestock and adhesive (delaminated from the liner) horizontally in field soils in 2L laboratory glass containers, orientated adhesive down. The water content of the soil was adjusted to 40 % of its maximum water retention capacity. Substrates were buried for a period of 2, 4, 7, 10 and 13 days. Sample’s fluorescence intensity was measured before and after incubation in the soil containers. The samples were dug out after designated time, rinsed with distilled water to remove soil particles from the surface, air dried and measured. Fluorescence intensity was measured by using Ocean Optics USB2000+ spectrometer using a 30 mm wide integrating sphere under (8:di) measuring geometry with the addition of LSM Series LED light source at 365 nm. LED light source is operated via a smart controller during the measurement. A constant current of 0.140 A was kept stable in order to maintain a constant excitation light source with the aim to excite fluorescence whitening agents within the samples. As previously research shows the presence of optical brighteners in composition of fibre based PSL, fluorescence spectroscopy of biodegraded samples indicates decomposition of optical brighteners.
Reports on the topic "Staple recycled fiber":
1
Niebler, Rebecca. Abfallwirtschaftliche Geschäftsmodelle für Textilien in der Circular Economy. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783941627833.
Abstract:
This master thesis explores the challenges for waste management business models in the field of textiles regarding the requirements of the circular economy, as well as improvement potentials in the current framework conditions. It is concerned with the research question: "Is it advisable to change the frame-work conditions at meso or macro level, with regard to business models for waste management companies in the textile sector that are oriented towards the requirements of the circular economy, and - if so - in what way?” The approach of the study is based on the delta analysis of the e Society for Institutional Analysis at the Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences. It compares the target state of the normative requirements with the actual state of the textile and waste management framework conditions and attempts to identify the gaps (the delta). Based on the delta, it develops approaches that are intended to help reduce the gaps. The thesis develops three business models for the target year 2025 in different areas: an exchange platform for sorters, recyclers and designers, an automatic sorting plant and a plant for fibre-to-fibre recycling of mixed materials. It is becoming clear that these business models cannot meet the target requirements for the circular economy. The analysis identifies the remaining gaps in the framework conditions as the main problem. For example, insufficient innovation impulses and the lack of competitiveness of secondary raw materials inhibit the actors from applying and using new technologies and business models. Restricted access to knowledge and information, as well as a lack of transparency between the actors, also prove to be problematic. In order to answer the research question, the study recommends altering the framework conditions at meso and macro level. It proposes a platform for cooperation between designers, the introduction of a material declaration system and an eco-design guideline for textiles as possible development options. In addition, this work offers a matrix of criteria to help the actors test and improve their new waste management business models regarding their suitability for the circular economy. The analysis is carried out from an outsider's perspective on the entire textile industry. It therefore cannot cover and deal with all aspects and individual circumstances of each player in detail. The necessary changes in the framework conditions that have been identified can therefore be used as a basis for further investigations.