Journal articles on the topic 'Standing to blame'
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McKiernan, Amy L. "Standing Conditions and Blame." Southwest Philosophy Review 32, no. 1 (2016): 145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/swphilreview201632115.
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Roadevin, Cristina. "Hypocritical Blame, Fairness, and Standing." Metaphilosophy 49, no. 1-2 (January 2018): 137–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/meta.12281.
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King, Matt. "Manipulation Arguments and the Standing to Blame." Journal of Ethics and Social Philosophy 9, no. 1 (June 5, 2017): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.26556/jesp.v9i1.87.
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The majority of recent work on the moral standing to blame (the idea that A may be unable to legitimately blame B despite B being blameworthy) has focused on blamers who themselves are blameworthy. This is unfortunate, for there is much to learn about the standing to blame once we consider a broader range of cases. Doing so reveals that challenged standing is more expansive than previously acknowledged, and accounts that have privileged the fact that the blamers are themselves morally culpable likely require revision. One such account figures in Patrick Todd’s (2012) argument for incompatibilism, which ostensibly depends on considerations involving the standing to blame. I believe this argument fails. But its failure is instructive, for it allows us to appreciate the numerous ways in which one’s blame can be morally problematic, and hence ways in which one’s standing to blame can be challenged. Thus, while one objective of this paper is to show why Todd’s argument fails, the larger aim is to use that argument to frame discussion of some important (and novel) ways in which the standing to blame can be compromised.
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Fritz, Kyle G., and Daniel Miller. "Hypocrisy and the Standing to Blame." Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 99, no. 1 (September 24, 2015): 118–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/papq.12104.
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Todd, Patrick, and Brian Rabern. "The Paradox of Self-Blame." American Philosophical Quarterly 59, no. 2 (April 1, 2022): 111–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/21521123.59.2.01.
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Abstract It is widely accepted that there is what has been called a non-hypocrisy norm on the appropriateness of moral blame; roughly, one has standing to blame only if one is not guilty of the very offence one seeks to criticize. Our acceptance of this norm is embodied in the common retort to criticism, “Who are you to blame me?” But there is a paradox lurking behind this commonplace norm. If it is always inappropriate for x to blame y for a wrong that x has committed, then all cases in which x blames x (i.e., cases of self-blame) are rendered inappropriate. But it seems to be ethical common-sense that we are often, sadly, in position (indeed, excellent, privileged position) to blame ourselves for our own moral failings. And thus, we have a paradox: a conflict between the inappropriateness of hypocritical blame, and the appropriateness of self-blame. We consider several ways of resolving the paradox and contend none is as defensible as a position that simply accepts it: we should never blame ourselves. In defending this starting position, we defend a crucial distinction between self-blame and guilt.
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Beade, Gustavo A. "Who Can Blame Whom? Moral Standing to Blame and Punish Deprived Citizens." Criminal Law and Philosophy 13, no. 2 (May 30, 2018): 271–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11572-018-9471-z.
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Todd, Patrick. "Does God Have the Moral Standing to Blame?" Faith and Philosophy 35, no. 1 (2018): 33–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/faithphil201811796.
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Engen, Andy. "Punishing the Oppressed and the Standing to Blame." Res Philosophica 97, no. 2 (2020): 271–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.11612/resphil.1842.
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Piovarchy, Adam. "Hypocrisy, Standing to Blame and Second‐Personal Authority." Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 101, no. 4 (July 30, 2020): 603–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/papq.12318.
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Dadlez, E. M. "Comment on “Standing Conditions and Blame” by Amy McKiernan." Southwest Philosophy Review 32, no. 2 (2016): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/swphilreview201632235.
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Todd, Patrick. "A Unified Account of the Moral Standing to Blame." Noûs 53, no. 2 (August 2017): 347–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nous.12215.
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Duff, R. A. "BLAME, MORAL STANDING AND THE LEGITIMACY OF THE CRIMINAL TRIAL." Ratio 23, no. 2 (June 2010): 123–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9329.2010.00456.x.
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Fritz, Kyle G., and Daniel J. Miller. "When Hypocrisy Undermines the Standing to Blame: a Response to Rossi." Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 22, no. 2 (April 2019): 379–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10677-019-09997-3.
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Mayr, Erasmus. "Blame for constitutivists: Kantian constitutivism and the victim’s special standing to complain." Philosophical Explorations 22, no. 2 (April 16, 2019): 117–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13869795.2019.1599047.
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Riedener, Stefan. "The Standing To Blame, or Why Moral Disapproval Is What It Is." Dialectica 73, no. 1-2 (March 2019): 183–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1746-8361.12262.
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Ciupa, Kristin, and Anna Zalik. "Enhancing corporate standing, shifting blame: An examination of Canada's Extractive Sector Transparency Measures Act." Extractive Industries and Society 7, no. 3 (July 2020): 826–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2020.07.018.
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HERSHENOV, DAVID B. "Healthy functioning as the key to fairness in a divinely determined world." Religious Studies 56, no. 2 (July 2, 2018): 194–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034412518000410.
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AbstractDefending a traditional conception of Hell against the charge of unfairness is difficult for any theorist. It would seem to be even more difficult for the Christian semi-compatibilist who believes we can be responsible when determined. If God determined the wrongdoer's choices, then it seems unfair that he is punished for his actions that were manipulated rather than autonomous. I'll argue that healthy mental functioning can explain how some causally determined actions are manipulative while others are under our control. I'll also argue that God can punish even if He lacks the standing to blame.
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Ho, Hock Lai. "State entrapment." Legal Studies 31, no. 1 (March 2011): 71–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-121x.2010.00176.x.
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This paper addresses a cluster of issues. What is state entrapment? Why is it objectionable? Is it wrong to prosecute the entrapped? What should the court do when the case is brought before it? These questions are intertwined. To know what is wrong with state entrapment, we must be clear about what it is; our understanding of what constitutes state entrapment, with its negative connotation, is shaped by what we think is distinctively wrong with it; and, we cannot know how the court should deal with state entrapment unless we identify the precise problem to which a judicial response may be required. The right response is a permanent stay of proceedings. A stay should be granted because the executive does not come to court with clean hands. It lacks the standing to blame the entrapped for what he or she did, and the state lacks the standing to condemn the person for the same.
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Cornell, Nicolas, and Amy Sepinwall. "Complicity and hypocrisy." Politics, Philosophy & Economics 19, no. 2 (May 2020): 154–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470594x20924666.
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This article offers a justification for accommodating claims of conscience. The standard justification points to the pain that acting against one’s conscience entails. But that defense cannot make sense of the state’s refusal to accommodate individuals where the law interferes with their deeply meaningful but nonmoral projects. An alternative justification, we argue, arises once one recognizes the connection between conscience and moral address: One’s lived moral convictions determine when and with what force one can hold others to account. Acting against one’s convictions can undermine one’s standing to blame others who act in similar ways. When the state compels someone to act against conscience, it renders her complicit in conduct she takes to be wrong and thereby impairs her ability to condemn similar conduct in the future, in a manner akin to the hypocrite. The reason the state should not compel people to act against conscience, then, is that doing so would undercut their moral standing.
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Munir, A., and C. Sheehy. "THU0597 CORNEAL MELT - DON’T ALWAYS BLAME RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 540.3–540. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.2643.
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Background:Corneal melt is a rare inflammatory disease of the peripheral cornea; it may lead to perforation of the globe and visual failure. Corneal melt can be a manifestation of systemic vasculitis in patients with RA and other conditions, such as cancer. Without early and aggressive treatment it may be associated with a poor visual outcome and a high mortality. It has been reported in patients with stable RA.Objectives:A case report in a patient with long standing but well controlled Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and metastatic disease.Methods:A 75 year old male with a background of sero positive Rheumatoid Arthritis for more than 10 years presented to the Eye Casualty with a two week history of a painful left red eye. His other medical history was significant for Stage IIB poorly differentiated cancer of the left lower lobe. Left lower lobectomy with a patch of diaphragm resected. Intratumoural lymphovascular invasion noted. He completed Adjuvant Carboplatin/Vinorelbine chemotherapy September, 2017. He had DVT proximal left leg 22ndof September, 2017. Follow up CT in 2018 demonstrated a right renal upper pole lesion for which he was awaiting biopsy with?metastatic lung disease vs primary renal carcinoma. His RA was well controlled on Methotrexate 10mg weekly. He had been treated by the ophthalmology team for left marginal Keratitis for the prior 2 months with steroid eye drops without significant improvement. On presentation to ED, he described sharp eye pain, waking him from the sleep, associated with watery discharge and photophobia. Examination showed corneal melt in left eye involving 25% of inferior portion of the cornea and spastic entropion with injecting eye lashes. He had no active joints and there were no other signs of vasculitis. CRP was 4.1. He had a negative ANA and ANCA; viral swabs were negative. He was admitted under the medical team. Intravenous Methyl Prednisolone was started. The patient felt better after 5 days of Methyl Prednisolone. Left temporary tarsorrhaphy was done by Ophthalmology. Cyclophosphamide was initiated after discussion with Oncologist pending the result of the renal biopsy. Patient was discharged after 5 days of admission in the hospitalResults:The renal biopsy was positive for metastatic Squamous cell carcinoma of lung. Cyclophosphamide was withdrawn and he was started on Carboplatin/Gemcitabine. The corneal melt improved with complete resolution of his visual symptoms.Conclusion:In this case, although the history of RA was felt by the ophthalmology team to be the most likely association with the corneal melt, we would argue the oncological diagnoses were likely the driving force behind the presentation.References:[1]Sule A, Balakrishnan C, Gaitonde S, Mittal G, Pathan E, Gokhale NS, et al. Rheumatoid corneal melt. Rheumatology (Oxford)2002;41:705–6.[2]S. Yano, K. Kondo, M. Yamaguchi et al., “Distribution and function of EGFR in human tissue and the effect of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibition,” Anticancer Research, vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 3639–3650, 2003.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Hansson, Sten, Ruth Page, and Matteo Fuoli. "Discursive Strategies of Blaming: The Language of Judgment and Political Protest Online." Social Media + Society 8, no. 4 (October 2022): 205630512211387. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20563051221138753.
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Modern politics is permeated by blame games—symbolic struggles over the blameworthiness or otherwise of various social actors. In this article, we develop a framework for identifying different strategies of blaming that protesters use on social media to criticize and delegitimize governments and political leaders. We draw on the systemic functional linguistic theory of Appraisal to distinguish between blame attributions based on negative judgments of the target’s (1) capacity, such as references to their incompetence and policy failures; (2) veracity, questioning their truthfulness or honesty via references to deceitful character or dishonest acts and utterances; (3) propriety, questioning their moral standing by references to, for instance, corruption; and (4) tenacity, suggesting that the politicians are not dependable due to, for example, dithering. We add to this a further threefold distinction based on whether blaming is focused on the target’s (1) bad character, (2) bad behavior, or (3) negative outcomes that the target either caused or did not prevent from happening. To illustrate the approach, we analyze a corpus of replies by Twitter users to tweets by British government ministers about two highly contentious issues, Covid-19 and Brexit, in 2020–2021. We suggest that the methodology outlined here could provide a useful avenue for systematically revealing and comparing a variety of realizations of blaming in large datasets of online conflict talk, thereby providing a more fine-grained understanding of the practices of protest and delegitimation in modern politics.
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Nickel, Philip J. "TESTIMONIAL ENTITLEMENT, NORMS OF ASSERTION AND PRIVACY." Episteme 10, no. 2 (May 24, 2013): 207–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/epi.2013.17.
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AbstractAccording to assurance views of testimonial justification, in virtue of the act of testifying a speaker provides an assurance of the truth of what she asserts to the addressee. This assurance provides a special justificatory force and a distinctive normative status to the addressee. It is thought to explain certain asymmetries between addressees and other unintended hearers (bystanders and eavesdroppers), such as the phenomenon that the addressee has a right to blame the speaker for conveying a falsehood but unintended hearers do not, and the phenomenon that the addressee may deflect challenges to his testimonial belief to the speaker but unintended hearers may not. Here I argue that we can do a better job explaining the normative statuses associated with testimony by reference to epistemic norms of assertion and privacy norms. Following Sanford Goldberg, I argue that epistemic norms of assertion, according to which sincere assertion is appropriate only when the asserter possesses certain epistemic goods, can be ‘put to work’ to explain the normative statuses associated with testimony. When these norms are violated, they give hearers the right to blame the speaker, and they also explain why the speaker takes responsibility for the justification of the statement asserted. Norms of privacy, on the other hand, directly exclude eavesdroppers and bystanders from an informational exchange, implying that they have no standing to do many of the things, such as issue challenges or questions to the speaker, that would be normal for conversational participants. This explains asymmetries of normative status associated with testimony in a way logically independent of speaker assurance.
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Dufendach, Rebecca. "“As if His Heart Died”: A Reinterpretation of Moteuczoma’s Cowardice in the Conquest History of the Florentine Codex." Ethnohistory 66, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 623–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00141801-7683240.
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Abstract The first encounters between Nahuas and Spaniards from 1519 to 1521 resulted in widespread deaths in the indigenous communities of central Mexico. Although the first recorded disease epidemic is often acknowledged as a factor in the loss of rule to the invaders, Moteuczoma receives much of the blame. Historians contend that Moteuczoma’s cowardice facilitated the defeat of his people. Instead, this article argues that descriptions of the pain and fright that afflicted Moteuczoma and his people in Book XII of the Florentine Codex are references to long-standing cultural concepts of illness. This article uses colonial and modern ethnographic sources to illuminate enduring Mesoamerican concepts of health and sickness. The chaos and loss of life connected to the first epidemic in 1520 contributed significantly to the fall of Tenochtitlan. This article reveals how Nahuas remembered and understood the startling arrival of the Spaniards and the first terrifying disease epidemic during the invasion.
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Herstein, Ori J. "A NORMATIVE THEORY OF THE CLEAN HANDS DEFENSE." Legal Theory 17, no. 3 (September 2011): 171–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352325211000152.
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What is the clean hands defense (CHD) normatively about? Courts designate court integrity as the CHD's primary norm. Yet, while the CHD may at times further court integrity, it is not fully aligned with court integrity. In addition to occasionally instrumentally furthering certain goods (e.g., court legitimacy, judge integrity, deterrence), the CHD embodies two judicially undetected norms: retribution and tu quoque (“you too!”). Tu quoque captures the moral intuition that wrongdoers are in no position to blame, condemn, or make claims on others who are guilty of similar or related wrongdoing. The CHD shares the structure of the tu quoque: both are doctrines of standing that deflate the illocutionary force (and not the truth-value) of normative speech acts directed against wrongdoers by those guilty of similar or connected wrongdoing. The CHD also exhibits retributive logic: it sanctions plaintiffs by reason of their wrongdoing and manifests the retributive principle that “punishment must fit the crime.”
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Okulicz-Kozaryn, Adam, and Joan Maya Mazelis. "Urbanism and happiness: A test of Wirth’s theory of urban life." Urban Studies 55, no. 2 (May 10, 2016): 349–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098016645470.
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Social scientists have long studied the effects of cities on human wellbeing and happiness. This article demonstrates that people in cities are less happy, confirming a long-standing argument in the literature. But it had not yet been tested whether it is urbanism that negatively affects happiness, or if urban problems such as crime and poverty are to blame. Wirth posited that urbanism itself led to negative effects, but Fischer noted the necessity of empirical tests of Wirth’s ideas. This study uses a happiness measure to provide a new look at the old question of urban unhappiness. Using the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, we aim to untangle the effects of the city itself and urban problems on happiness in the USA. We find that the core characteristics of urban life (in particular size and density) contribute to urban unhappiness, controlling for urban problems. Urban unhappiness persists regardless of urban characteristics.
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Grunewald, Susan. "‘Victory or Siberia’: Imaginings of Siberia and the Memory of German POWs in the USSR." German History 40, no. 1 (January 10, 2022): 88–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerhis/ghab088.
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Abstract This article explores the memory of German prisoners of war (POWs) from the Second World War in the USSR. The article first identifies the trope of Siberian captivity, which it refutes using two digital humanities methods: geographic information system (GIS) mapping and text analysis. The article then raises a series of factors, covering both experiences, memoirs and novels of First World War captivity in Russia and also Nazi propaganda, to show a long-standing association between Siberia and German captivity in Russia and the Soviet Union. Finally, the article explores West German politics and memory culture to argue ultimately that the trope of Siberian captivity persisted as a result of West German anti-Communist policies and an attempt to displace blame and complicity for the war. While German memory changed between the 1950s and the present and although scholars have worked to expose many misrepresentations of the war that started in West Germany in the 1950s, this is the first study to examine the idea of Siberian captivity and its links to POWs in the USSR.
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Braun, Benjamin, Daniela Gabor, and Marina Hübner. "Governing through financial markets: Towards a critical political economy of Capital Markets Union." Competition & Change 22, no. 2 (February 23, 2018): 101–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1024529418759476.
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Capital Markets Union is a large-scale political project to strengthen and further integrate European market-based finance. An initiative of the European Commission under Jean-Claude Juncker’s leadership, Capital Markets Union seeks to realize a long-standing goal of European policy makers: a financial system in which capital markets will absorb more of citizens’ savings and play a greater role in corporate finance. Market-based banking, too, is set to benefit from Capital Markets Union, which includes measures to revive the European securitization market. Given that market-based finance – or shadow banking – shouldered much of the blame for the financial crisis of 2007–2008, its resurgence as a policy priority of the European Union constitutes a puzzle. The present article lays the theoretical groundwork for a special issue that tackles this puzzle. It argues that rather than an end in itself, Capital Markets Union represents an exercise in ‘governing through financial markets’. Pioneered in the United States, governing through financial markets is a political strategy adopted by state actors in pursuit of policy goals that exceed their institutional capacity.
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Wang, Huan. "Integrity or integration: an essay on a very Chinese dilemma." Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy in China 5, no. 2 (December 4, 2022): 256–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.33212/ppc.v5n2.2022.256.
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Currently, in China, there is a fever for psychoanalysis. Most therapists claim that they practise an integrated psychoanalytically oriented therapy, which means they learn and apply all techniques and theories, regardless of the differences and conflicts between them. Such "integration" represents an inclusive attitude with its underlying ideology of collectivism. It can be found throughout Chinese daily life, such as the way a good marriage is said to carry collective decisions of extended families and social expectations. And due to such an ideology, China has adopted a very different strategy from other countries to deal with the Covid-19 pandemic. I point out that another attitude, "integrity"—standing for individual differences and valuing personal autonomy and boundaries—has been lacking, which causes many psychological problems and might be the main reason for people seeking help from psychotherapy. Hence, a very typical modern dilemma is how to achieve a balance between integrity and integration. I argue that "moral imagination"—covering the attitudes of forgiveness without blame and embracing conflict and pluralism—could be one of the solutions. Such tendency has been shown amongst young generations, particularly young psychotherapists.
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Petrov, Nikita V. "Katyń." East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 29, no. 4 (September 22, 2015): 775–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325415594671.
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Using the cover of state secrets in order to suppress and conceal the conclusions of the Katyń investigation is a violation of current Russian law. And yet Russian prosecutors have engaged in a cover-up of the documentation involved in the long-standing international investigation into the Katyń Massacres of 1940. The outcome of the investigation is a far cry from a truthful accounting, instead attesting to the prosecutors’ eagerness to avoid any indictment of the USSR’s former top leadership, and more generally to their attempts to sweep the entire affair under the carpet. First, the Katyń Massacres are characterized not as a war crime but merely as an abuse of power by authorities. Second, the scope of culpability has been deliberately circumscribed: both Stalin and the Politburo members who approved the massacres have been absolved of blame. Third, the inquest shows serious lapses, as no complete list of victims has been made public—an essential step for both completeness of the investigation and for the possibility of the victims’ subsequent rehabilitation. This article explains in detail the political and legal logic behind this treatment of Katyń-related documentation by the Russian political establishment since the dawn of the twenty-first century.
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McClanahan, Kaylene J., Arnold K. Ho, and Nour S. Kteily. "Which group to credit (and blame)? Whites make attributions about White-minority biracials’ successes and failures based on their own (anti-)egalitarianism and ethnic identification." Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 22, no. 5 (September 19, 2018): 631–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430218784665.
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Individuals’ perceptions of biracials can vary based on the motives of the perceiver. Here, we examine how two factors—perceivers’ group-level identification motives and their system-level beliefs about the desirability of hierarchy (i.e., social dominance orientation)—predict the degree to which they attribute a biracial target’s successes or failures to that target’s White versus minority background. Across three studies examining different contexts, more anti-egalitarian White participants and more highly identified White participants rated a half-White, half-minority target as being shaped more by his minority (vs. White) background when he was disreputable (vs. reputable)—patterns broadly consistent with prior theorizing on the motivations to maintain social stratification and protect ingroup standing, respectively. In direct contrast, however, egalitarian White participants and White participants low on ethnic identification credited a target’s outgroup minority background when he was reputable (vs. disreputable), consistent with a desire to promote social equality and forgoing the opportunity to “bask in reflected glory” on behalf of the ingroup. Our results extend extant theorizing by underlining the benefits of jointly considering both group- and system-level motives when analyzing perceptions and attributions of individuals and groups, and by shedding new light on the understudied psychology of social egalitarians.
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Dalla-Déa, Paulo Fernando. "Uma interpretação teológica da violência contra a juventude." Revista Eclesiástica Brasileira 78, no. 311 (April 4, 2019): 590. http://dx.doi.org/10.29386/reb.v78i311.1398.
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O artigo trata da violência contra a juventude atual, confrontando-a com dados bíblicos relevantes sobre o tema. Começando pelo sacrifício de Isaac e passando pelos evangelhos, o texto apresenta uma hermenêutica a partir do caldo da violência recebida pela juventude. A sociedade adulta manipula os jovens, culpabilizando-os e transformando-os de vítimas em algozes. A juventude precisa acreditar em si mesma, não se amarrar nas armaduras e ferramentas adultas e inventar suas próprias soluções. Jesus nos mostra que quer os jovens em pé, falando, se relacionando e vivendo. Os cristãos precisam gritar como o anjo para Abraão: Agora já chega! Deus não quer sacrifícios humanos!Abstract: This article deals with the violence on contemporary youth, confronting it with relevant biblical data on the subject. Starting with the sacrifice of Isaac and through the Gospels, the text presents a hermeneutics from the broth of violence received by youth. The adult society manipulates young people blame them and turning them into victims tormentors. The youth needs to believe in herself, not tie in armor and adult tools and come up with their own solutions. Jesus shows us that wants young people standing, talking, relationships and living. Christians need to shout like Angel to Abraham: that’s it! God doesn’t want human sacrifice!Keywords: Young; Violence; Jesus Christ; Bible; Youth Pastoral.
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Green, Stuart P. "Thieving and Receiving: Overcriminalizing the Possession of Stolen Property." New Criminal Law Review 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 35–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nclr.2011.14.1.35.
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Historically, Anglo-American law has treated the offense of receiving stolen property in a variety of ways: it has regarded it as no crime at all; subjected it to accessory-after-the-fact liability; and treated it as a free-standing offense, subject, depending on the jurisdiction, to less punishment than theft, the same punishment as theft, or greater punishment than theft. To develop an analytical framework for determining which of these various approaches makes the most sense, we need to ask exactly what receiving statutes are meant to censure and deter. From a backward-looking perspective, receivers can be said to perpetuate the wrongful deprivation of the victim owner's property rights, effected in the first instance by the thief. From a forward-looking perspective, the act of receiving can, at least in some cases, be said to encourage the commission of future thefts by helping to create a ready market for stolen goods. The problem is that the offense in its current statutory formulation reflects only the backward-looking perspective, requiring nothing more than that the offender possess or receive stolen property (knowing that it is stolen), and saying nothing about the future effects of his act. And because perpetuating an owner's loss of property is a lesser wrong than causing him to lose his property to begin with (or so it will be argued), the receiver deserves less blame and punishment than the thief. Yet many modern statutes subject receiving to at least as much punishment as thieving. To avoid such disproportionality, various reforms in the law of receiving are recommended.
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Häyry, Matti. "Employing Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems." International Journal of Applied Philosophy 34, no. 2 (2020): 173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/ijap2021326145.
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The ethics of warfare and military leadership must pay attention to the rapidly increasing use of artificial intelligence and machines. Who is responsible for the decisions made by a machine? Do machines make decisions? May they make them? These issues are of particular interest in the context of Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems (LAWS). Are they autonomous or just automated? Do they violate the international humanitarian law which requires that humans must always be responsible for the use of lethal force and for the assessment that civilian casualties are proportionate to the military goals? The article analyses relevant documents, opinions, government positions, and commentaries using the methods of applied ethics. The main conceptual finding is that the definition of autonomy depends on what the one presenting it seeks to support. Those who want to use lethal autonomous weapon systems call them by another name, say, automated instead of autonomous. They impose standards on autonomy that machines do not meet, such as moral agency. Those who wish to ban the use of lethal autonomous weapon systems define them much less broadly and do not require them to do much more than to be a self-standing part of the causal chain.The article’s argument is that the question of responsibility is most naturally perceived by abandoning the most controversial philosophical considerations and simply stating that an individual or a group of people is always responsible for the creation of the equipment they produce and use. This does not mean that those who press the button, or their immediate superiors, are to blame. They are doing their jobs in a system. The ones responsible can probably be found in higher military leadership, in political decision-makers who dictate their goals, and, at least in democracies, in the citizens who have chosen their political decision-makers.
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Boduszyński, Mieczysław P., Christopher K. Lamont, and Philip Streich. "The Limited Role of the Japanese Military: The 2003 Iraq War and the War on the Islamic State." International Journal of East Asian Studies 10, no. 2 (December 15, 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/ijeas.vol10no2.1.
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What determines Japan's willingness to flex its limited military muscle abroad? While analysts and scholars closely watched Japanese "militarization" under Prime Minister Shinzo Abe (2012-2020), Japan had already deployed its military overseas over a decade ago in support of U.S. operations in Iraq and Afghanistan. By contrast, in 2014, Japan was unwilling to support U.S.-led operations against the Islamic State (ISIL) in Iraq and Syria. This presents a puzzle, as the fight against ISIL offered the kind of international legitimacy that the 2003 Iraq invasion lacked, and Japan traditionally seeks. Moreover, ISIL had killed Japanese citizens. This paper explains Japan's varying policies in Iraq in 2003 and 2014, thereby shedding light on the determinants of Japanese national security policy more generally. Our argument focuses on domestic political factors (especially the pluralist foreign policymaking) and strategic thinking rooted in realism. We argue that Japanese policies are driven by domestic politics, profound suspicions about the utility of military force and fears of becoming entangled in a seemingly never-ending conflict. While Koizumi may have had more room to manoeuvre despite long-standing public opposition to overseas military deployments when he dispatched the SDF to Iraq in 2003, it is precisely such deeply-entrenched popular anathema that many blame for the Liberal Democratic Party's (LDP) historic and devastating loss in the 2009 election. Abe was unwilling to repeat such a risky venture in 2014. We also highlight the role of realist calculations on both Japanese elites and the public, who by 2014 had come to see China rather than state or non-state actors in the Middle East as a primary security threat. We thus confirm Midford's finding that "defensive realism" tends to drive Japanese foreign policy thinking. Japanese citizens are not pacifists, as conventional wisdom might hold. Instead, Japanese public opinion supports the use of minimum military force when and if Japan is attacked to defend Japan's national sovereignty and territory but is much more suspicious of such power when it comes to deployments and the pursuit of other foreign policy goals.
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Devenish-Meares, Reverend Peter. "The ‘tapestry’ of bricolage: Extending interdisciplinary approaches to psycho-spiritual self-care research." Methodological Innovations 13, no. 1 (January 2020): 205979911989841. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2059799119898410.
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Interdisciplinary psycho-spiritual research into workplace stress and self-care is scant noting the fact that negative self-talk and harsh self-judgement stymie the search for inner meaning and self-care. To address this, this article uses an intuitive and reflection-oriented methodology to research self-care choices for the stressed and suffering worker. In particular, it breaks new ground because no workplace-based applied psycho-spiritual research uses bricolage, let alone the heuristic inquiry process which gives expression to it. Bricolage is a tapestry of ideas, themes and possibilities cobbled together to produce creative outcomes. It adapts and co-opts whatever information from whichever discipline that is necessary. This approach appears well suited to the subjective, intuitive nature of workplace stress and suffering and especially where interdisciplinary approaches to self-care are warranted. The heuristic inquiry process which is used for the first time for workplace self-care works intentionally with interior resources that may be unknown or fragmented and dialogues sensitively with inner ‘rules’ or patterns that may have become problematic. Incubation and reflective illumination produce tacit knowledge to augment healing intuition. This process is illustrated by an example. It is about a less intense focus that actively encourages tender, ‘standing apart’ from symptoms so as to allow perspectives to arise and the intuiting of transformative possibilities. From this, self-compassion, humility and meaningful detachment are re-affirmed as ways to pay self-kindly attention and address self-criticism and self-blame. The contribution of the study is threefold. First, it extends bricolage to workplace self-care by considering inner resistance and negative self-talk, both barriers to self-care. Second, it affirms the heuristic inquiry process as an intuitive method for self-care research. Third, and paradoxically, it shows that self-engagement, in a compassionate yet less intense way, can lead to self-care transformation. Finally, limitations to the study and possibilities for future research are discussed.
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Day, Kenneth, and Joze Jancar. "Dr Blake Marsh and the Blake Marsh Lectures." Psychiatric Bulletin 21, no. 1 (January 1997): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.21.1.26.
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At the Council meeting of the Royal Medico-Psychological Association in November 1963 the Treasurer reported that “a handsome legacy of about £20,000 in shares had been made to the association by the late Dr Blake Marsh and arrangements are being made to take over these shares”. The actual amount was in fact a little over £23,500 – a considerable sum by today's standards. Numerous suggestions were made as to how this generous gift might be honoured including naming the Association's Bronze Medal after Blake Marsh but Council finally accepted a recommendation of the Education Committee “to found an annual lecture of a standing equal to the Maudsley Lecture on a subject connected with Mental Deficiency to be known by his (Dr Blake Marsh's) name” and this was ratified at the Annual Meeting in 1965.
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Rusi, Ilda. "European Integration: One Electoral Promise Not Taken." European Journal of Social Sciences Education and Research 2, no. 1 (December 30, 2014): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejser.v2i1.p159-165.
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The process of European Union membership is a national objective, in view of the democratization and transformation of the Albanian society, in accordance with the values and principles of the United Europe. This sentence is taken from the Official Site of the Prime Minister of Albania. This message but expressed in other words seems to be there standing since 1992, when in Albania for the first time was articulated the desire for national integration of the country. After more than twenty years, the question that concerns me mostly is that why my country is not part of the big European family? What happened in these twenty-two years to prevent this process or to accelerate it? The first thing that comes to my mind after the last rejection candidate status on December, last year, is that this is a promise that none of the Albanian government has not yet managed to achieve. On my opinion, this process is strictly associated with the willing of all determinant political actors to collaborate and to manifest democratic political culture through dialogue. European integration is a slogan used in every political campaign, as a key element of the political agenda all political parties but in. It helps a lot during the electoral campaign but unfortunately we are still waiting for. Thus, I think that the integration process is not related only to the Albanian desire for participating in the EU, but mostly to the political class attitude. It is true that every time that the government does not achieve the candidate status, the political parties to blame each other for retarding the integration process. Even though, different scholars emphasize the role of EU in the process of integration, I believe that the country's democratization is a process strongly related to the political elite performance and the way they manifest politics. Albanian political class must admit that the real problem in this process is the way that it makes politics and how it makes political decision. In this article, I argue that the European integration is a process which can be successful only if all political parties in Albania understand that this is an obligation that they have with Albanian citizens and that cannot be realized if all of them are not committed to. This ambitious goal can be achieved only when the EU priority reforms are going to be established and in Albania there are going to operate functional and free institutions based on meritocracy and democratic system of operation far away from politics.
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Bruyn, J. "Nog een suggestie voor het onderwerp van Rembrandts historiestuk te Leiden: De grootmoedigheid van Alexander." Oud Holland - Quarterly for Dutch Art History 101, no. 2 (1987): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187501787x00376.
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AbstractOf the nine interpretations proposed for Rembraradt's history Painting of 1626 now at Leiden, none is really convincing. Il seems attractive to think of palamedes Condemned by Agamemncm as the subject because of its political significance in the year after the publication of Voredel's tragecty Palamedcs or Innocence Murdered, which denounced the execution of the Remonstrant leader Johan van Oldenbarnevelt in 1619. γet the scene depicted does not fit any episode frorn the Palamedes story. It appears rather to represent three young men appearing before a crowned figure who makes a pronouncement, probably one of magnanimity or clemency. It is conceivable that the subject was taken from Q. Curtius Rufus's Historiae Alexandri Magni Macedonis, ofwhich several editions, including translations into the vernacular, were published in Holland in the first decades of the 17th century. The episode in question was known to the young Rubens, but does not seem to have been illustrated by any other artist. At the beginning of the seventh book it is described how Alexander summoned before. him in the presence of the army two oj three brothers, who had been close friends of Philotas, a former, friend of his who had been executed for plotting against his life. The youngest brother, Poleinon, had panicked and fled but was caught and brought back at the very moment when Alexander had accused the brothers and the eldest, Amyntas, after having been released from his bonds and given a spear which he held in his left hand, had embarked on his szzccess ful defence. The appearance of Polemon infuriated the soldiers, but when he took the blame on himself and prrifessed his brothers' innocence, they were moved to tears. So too was Alexander who, prompted by their cries, absolved the brothers. This anecdote does at least explain some of the features of Rembrandt's scene. The young man standing on the right with his right hand raised as if swearing an oath would be the eloquent Amyntas with a spear in his left hand. Hidden behind him kneels the second brother, Simias, while Polemon, 'a young man just come to maturity and in the first bloom of his youth', has fallen on one knee in the foreground, underlining his emotional words with his right hand bressed to his heart. Alexander raises his sceptre in token of his absolution and some men in the background wave and shout from a socle they have climbed. Interpreted in this way, the scene coralains not a topical political allegory but, as would seem usual with history paintings, a message of a more general nature: the magnanimity of Alexander as an 'exemblum virtutis'.
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Scalzo, A. J. "High-Cycle Fatigue Design Evolution and Experience of Free-Standing Combustion Turbine Blades." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 114, no. 2 (April 1, 1992): 284–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906585.
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Combustion turbine blade design criteria can generally be classified as either temperature or fatigue related. Since less is usually known about the factors influencing the fatigue phenomenon, it is considered the more challenging. In addition, as analytical and experimental techniques became more sophisticated and more accurate, the natural tendency was to replace archaic “guidelines” or “rules” with less conservative approaches that at times led to the discovery of new high-cycle fatigue “thresholds.” This paper presents the evolution of the combustion turbine blade high cycle fatigue design criteria for free-standing blades. It also presents the analysis and corrective actions taken to resolve several unique combustion turbine blade fatigue problems, all encountered over a 35-year period while the author has been employed at Westinghouse Electric Corporation. Included are high-cycle fatigue problems due to cooling air leakage, seal pin friction, and combustion temperature maldistribution, as well as flow-induced nonsynchronous vibration.
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Malkin, Evgeny. "Natural Vibration Frequency Definition Of Turbine Blades." E3S Web of Conferences 221 (2020): 03007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202022103007.
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A turbine compressor package is used for pipeline gas transmission. When operating, compressor turbine blades develop vibration, which increases the number of dynamic stress cycles and results in the blade failure. The present study aims to determine the frequency of natural blade vibration and to consider it in the context of the blade repair process. In the first stage of the study, an oscillating contour is developed to generate standing oscillation wave which characteristics are used as experimental data. To process those data, a mathematical model is developed to calculate the blade resonant frequency. Finally, the boundaries of the assured quality area are determined. Blade operation capacity analysis method will allow us to reduce the number of environmentally dangerous experiments.
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Morgenroth, M., and D. S. Weaver. "Sound Generation by a Centrifugal Pump at Blade Passing Frequency." Journal of Turbomachinery 120, no. 4 (October 1, 1998): 736–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2841784.
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This paper reports the results of an experimental study of the pressure pulsations produced by a centrifugal volute pump at its blade passing frequency and their amplification by acoustic resonance in a connected piping system. Detailed measurements were made of the pressure fluctuations in the piping as a function of pump speed and flow rate. A semi-empirical model was used to separate acoustic standing waves from hydraulic pressure fluctuations. The effects of modifying the cut-water geometry were also studied, including the use of flow visualization to observe the flow behavior at the cut-water. The results suggest that the pump may act as an acoustic pressure or velocity source, depending on the flow rate and the cut-water geometry. At conditions of acoustic resonance, the pump acted as an open termination of the piping, i.e., as a node in the acoustic pressure standing waves. Rounding the cut-water had the effect of reducing the amplitude of acoustic resonance, apparently because of the ability of the stagnation point to move and thereby reduce the vorticity generated.
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Чепелева, Marina Chepeleva, Чепелев, Stanislav Chepelev, Чернышков, and Kirill Chernyshkov. "Simulation of vibrations of the cutting tool in bandsawing machine." Forestry Engineering Journal 4, no. 4 (January 15, 2015): 333–0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/8518.
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In this paper we propose a method to identify cutting tool of band saw machine by mathematical descrip-tion of oscillations of an elastic string rigidly attached to the ends. According to the analysis of created tools for the study of harmonic oscillations of the saw blade machine, we can conclude that for practical purposes it is sufficient to consider the first two harmonic oscillations of the bandsaw blade in the form of a one-dimensional standing wave, the sum of which allows to assess the degree of influence of vibration on quality indicators. The idea of the proposed approach is tested in the analysis of the work of the hori-zontal band saw machine Wood Mizer LT 15.
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Yang, M. T., and J. H. Griffin. "Exploring How Shroud Constraint Can Affect Vibratory Response in Turbomachinery." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 117, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 198–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2812772.
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Unusual resonant responses were observed during spin pit tests of shrouded blades. The unusual behavior consisted of blades that exhibited strong response over a broad range of frequencies. The frequencies of peak resonance were considerably lower than predicted and were also lower than those observed in other tests of nominally identical wheels. In addition, the tracking plots of blade amplitudes versus frequency were truncated rather than displaying the usual sharp peaks seen in other tests. The unusual response is potentially dangerous since high vibratory response could be excited over a broad range of operating speeds. The blades were designed to be free standing with gaps of approximately 0.25 mm between neighboring shrouds. It is hypothesized that shroud contact at the blade tips could cause the unusual vibratory response. A simple model of a blade with shroud contact is developed in order to determine if shroud contact could cause blades to vibrate in the observed manner. The model is unusual in that it seeks to explore how contact could cause the blade to respond at lower (rather than higher) frequencies since contact typically increases the constraints on a structure and raises its natural frequencies.
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Muszyński, Mariusz. "On the Notion, Concept and Contemporary Role of International Law in historical Perspective." Kwartalnik Prawa Międzynarodowego I, no. I (September 30, 2022): 11–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.9872.
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Summary The article discusses the essence of international law by focusing on three issues: (1) its origin; (2) its name and the normative content related thereto; (3) its role in the contemporary world. The author applies two research methods: the historical and legal method as well as the dogmatic one. The text has a three-part structure. The first part presents an analysis of the moment in which the legal regime emerged whose task was to regulate the functioning of socio-political subjects. At that point, the author analyses two main views expressed in scholarship. In his opinion one should depart from Grotius’ conception regarding the origin of international law. What is a sign of the existence of that legal regime is not the equality of subjects, but their very existence and consent to base their relations on certain rules (law). Equality constitutes just one – and not the only one possible – principle among the standards regulating relations of the subjects in a certain community. Hence, what is considered as the beginning of international law is the period during which the first socio-political constructions emerged, and not equal and sovereign states in the sense of the European civilisation. The second part deals with the moment in which the name – that is used to this day – of the said regime (international law) developed. The author reminds however that in reality the regime under discussion had existed earlier although its scope and name were different. He explains what normative content is related to each name of that regime and, at the same time, discusses the process concerning the structural and material evolution of international law. The whole is summarised with the conclusion that the name used today does not reflect the essence of that order. The evolution of its content would require another change in that regard. It is also indicated that such proposals have already been put forward in scholarship (transnational law, global law). To finish his considerations, the author reminds of the classic role of international law, which has been to regulate the functioning of the subjects belonging to that order. Against this background, he indicates that also nowadays this role is fading. International relations are evolving substantially, causing international law to lose its long-standing purpose and meaning. And although all this is changing, the order itself is not collapsing. This is the case because international law still has a stigmatising power – a unique force which does not allow to explicitly reject it. International law still provides politics with a certain framework of decency. Proving that a given country has violated norms of international law automatically depreciates it in the eyes of the international community. This may not only result in international sanctions but also in diminishing the position of such a country in the international community. Therefore, even the largest states never allow to be directly accused of breaching legal standards. As soon as their activity is criticised in light of a given norm, they immediately seek justification in other legal rules or create a complicated interpretation to reject the accusation. Sometimes they blame another subject to justify their conduct with self-defence or retortion. What makes this possible is the structurally complicated situation of international law, which is characterised by constant evolution.
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Rix, Robert W. "Healing the Spirit: William Blake and Magnetic Religion." Romanticism on the Net, no. 25 (June 11, 2009): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/006011ar.
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Abstract In the late eighteenth century, Swedenborg-inspired mystics transformed the pseudo-science of Animal Magnetism, popularized by Franz Anton Mesmer, into a mystical religion of restoring mankind to spiritual health and preparing the Millennium. The essay progresses chronologically to trace Blake's intellectual companionship with this renegade branch of Magnetism in relation to the development of some central metaphors and narrative structures in his works. Especially prominent with the Swedenborgian magnetizers practicing in London were ideas of "healing" by means of communication with spirits from beyond. This, however, met staunch opposition from the Swedenborgian New Jerusalem Church—the only religious organization with which we know Blake to have been affiliated. The more conservative clerics here launched a campaign banishing all experimentation with Spiritualism and the occult interpretations of Swedenborg that held sway among the mystical magnetizers. The article examines Blake's well-known support of Spiritualism in relation to this local dispute, as this contributes to solve the long-standing mystery of why Blake suddenly fell out with New Jerusalem Church at this time and launched a virulent attack on Swedenborg in The Marriage of Heaven and Hell.
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Малинина and Tatyana Malinina. "Sanitary-hygienic role of forest plantations on the blade of the Kursk magnetic anomalies." Forestry Engineering Journal 6, no. 1 (April 19, 2016): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/18724.
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Environmental pollution in the areas of mining enterprises mainly due to the wind and the gas and dust removal deflyata emission vehicles and businesses. Of great importance in under-standing the mechanism of deflation processes have qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the material carried by the wind as the distance from the start of the removal. Wind-sand flow is a massive movement of sand or soil particles in the surface air, including three forms of locomo-tion : rolling , abrupt movement, and the movement in the air flow in a suspended state.
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Wan, Zhong Min, Zu Yi Zheng, Jun Hua Wan, Jing Liu, and Wen Ming Xu. "Performance Investigation of Bell Mouth of the Multi-Blade Centrifugal Fan in Floor Standing Air-Conditioner." Applied Mechanics and Materials 170-173 (May 2012): 2512–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.170-173.2512.
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Three types of bell mouth with the inward bell mouths whose exit diameter are larger than the impeller inner diameter of multi-blade centrifugal fan used in floor standing air-conditioner are investigated by using the numerical simulation method. Three bell mouths are as follows: The first type of bell mouth is the inward inlet used in the original air-conditioner. The second type is the inward inlet whose axial height is larger than the first type. The third type is the new mold line inward inlet with smaller slope angle than the first type. Calculation results show that the later two type bell mouths can help to improve air volume flow ratio, reduce the vortex in the back of volute exit and increase the air volume flow rate of 6.8 % and 4.2% respectively. The experimental verification was conducted for the simulation results and the experimental results shows that the air volume rates increase 4.7 % and 3% respectively, the level of noise is constant. The entire performances of the two types are both improved.
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Owen, Ianna Hawkins. "More." Social Text 40, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 93–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01642472-9631159.
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Abstract In response to the widely circulated asexual provocation “Why have sex when there is cake?” this essay explores the productive overlap between asexuality's nonsexual pleasures associated with food and feedism's sexual pleasures associated with eating. Building on a long-standing interest in Audre Lorde's interventions concerning erotic pleasure, “More” theorizes “quantity” as an antihierarchical queer framework for perceiving, thinking, and holding such experiences. Toward this end, the essay closely reads an asexual pride poster, a painting by Wayne Thiebaud, and a photograph by Nayland Blake.
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Chen, Jia Sheng, Dong Wei, and Hai Shun Deng. "Improvement and Application Technology of Long Bedding Borehole Rig in Rockburst Seam at Headentry and Tailentry." Advanced Materials Research 1049-1050 (October 2014): 402–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1049-1050.402.
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Advantages, disadvantages, and drilling adaptability of several rigs earlier used in domestic coal mine are analyzed. CMS1-800/30 crawler jumbo is reconstructed from standing pillar rig according to specific condition of long bedding borehole at coal face which possesses rockburst trend. Wide blade spiral drill pipe and Φ65mm diamond compact bit are used to drill long bedding borehole at headentry and tailentry. Drilling efficiency of long bedding borehole is greatly improved, and effect of relieving stress is very good. Safe and quick mining is ensured, and economic benefit is remarkable.
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Sun, Tianrui, Anping Hou, Mingming Zhang, and Paul Petrie-Repar. "Influence of the Tip Clearance on the Aeroelastic Characteristics of a Last Stage Steam Turbine." Applied Sciences 9, no. 6 (March 22, 2019): 1213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9061213.
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In this paper, the tip clearance effects on the aeroelastic stability of a last-stage steam turbine model are investigated. Most of the unsteady aerodynamic work contributing to flutter of the long blades of the last-stage of a steam turbine is done near the tip of the blade. The flow in this region is transonic and sensitive to geometric parameters such as the tip clearance height. The KTH Steam Turbine Flutter Test Case was chosen as the test case, which is an open geometry with similar parameters to modern free-standing last-stage steam turbines. The energy method based on 3D URANS simulation was applied to investigate the flutter characteristics of the rotor blade with five tip gap height varying from 0–5% of the chord length. The numerical results show that the global aerodynamic damping for the least stable inter-blade phase angle (IBPA) increases with the tip gap height. Three physical mechanisms are found to cause this phenomenon. The primary cause of the variation in total aerodynamic damping is the interaction between tip clearance vortex and the trailing edge shock from the adjacent blade. Another mechanism is the acceleration of the flow near the aft side of the suction surface in the tip region due to the well-developed tip leakage vortex when the tip clearance height is greater than 2.5% of chord. This causes a stabilizing effect at the least stable IBPA. The third mechanism is the oscillation of the tip leakage vortex due to the blade vibration. This has a negative influence on the aeroelastic stability.