Academic literature on the topic 'Standarized testing'

AbstractThis research is testing the influence of Experiential Marketing and Service Quality for being reasonability of Customers Loyality Forming . The sample is 66 person. The analysis technique used is path analysis by using smart pls. The result shows from four variabels, the biggest contribution of experiential marketing is ACT with the standardized coefisien 0.884, it means there is influence of experiental marketing about 88.4%. This means the increasing of ACT will make the increasing of Experiental marketing 88.4%. The other variable which influenced is quality toward the loyality.The quality is composed by Assurance, Empathy, Reliability, Responsiveness, and Tangible. The indicator which has the biggest contribution is assurance with the value indicator of coeficient standarized 0.722.Key Word : Experiential Marketing, service quality, customer loyality. AbstrakPenelitian ini menguji pengaruh Pengaruh Experiential Marketing Dan Kualitas Layanan Yang Dipertimbangkan Dalam Pembentukan Loyalitas Konsumen. Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 66 orang. Tehnik analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tehnik analisis menggunakan analisis jalur dengan menggunakan alat analisis smart pls. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan dari ke empat variabel ini, yang memiliki kontrobusi paling besar terhadap experiental marketing adalah ACT dengan nilai standardized koefisien sebesar 0.884 dimana nilai ini memiliki arti bahwa perubahan pada ACT akan berpengaruh terhadap perubahan experiental marketing sekitar 88.4%. Nilai ini juga dapat dimaknai kenaikan pada ACT akan berdampak pada kenaikan Experiental marketing sebesar 88.4%. Variabel kualitas juga memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap loyalitas. Kualitas disusun oleh Assurance, Empathy, Reliability, Responsiveness, dan Tangible. Indikator yang memiliki kontribusi paling besar dalam menyusun kualitas adalah pada Assurance dengan nilai standardized koefisien sebesar 0.722.Kata Kunci : Experiential Marketing, Kualitas Layanan, Loyalitas Konsumen.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the Influence of Promotion Mix which Most Influences on Student Decisions in Choosing Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa University. The research methodology used is descriptive quantitative method, the unit of analysis in this study is Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa University and the observation unit is the students of the Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa University. The population in this study were 4,270 respondents from Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa University. The technique for determining the number of samples used in this study is the Slovin formula and totals 135 respondents. The research method used is data collection techniques through questionnaires which are carried out systematically in accordance with the research objectives. The analysis method used to solve problems and prove the hypothesis is descriptive analysis and regression analysis. This analysis includes validity and reliability tests, classic assumption tests, multiple linear regression analysis, hypothesis testing through the F test and t test, the coefficient of determination (R2) and thetest Standardized Beta Coefficient. The results of the F test show that simultaneously Advertising, Personal Selling, Sales Promotion and Publicity have a positive and significant effect on student decisions in choosing Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa University. The results of the t test partially show that the Advertising variable and the Sales Promotion variable have a positive and significant effect on student decisions in choosing Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa University, the Personal Selling variable and the Publicity variable have no positive or significant effect on student decisions in choosing Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa University. The results of the coefficient of determination (R2) test show that student decisions are influenced by the variables of Advertising, Personal Selling, Sales Promotion, and Publicity, while the rest is explained by other variables not discussed in this study. Judging from the results of Standarized Beta Coefficient, it shows that the most dominant variable in this study and the most influential on student decisions is advertising.

An organization manage HR with disciplined attitudes and behavior. Employee discipline can have a strong impact on an organization to achieve success. This study aims to determine the effect of compensation and work discipline partially on employee performance at the "Eka Karya" Botanical Garden Plant Conservation Center in Bali, which in one year in 2018 showed that there were employee delays above 47.10%. Therefore, the authors conducted a study by testing the hypothesis about how much influence compensation and work discipline had on employee performance at the Bali Botanic Garden. The approach of this research is quantitative research. So, to answer this hypothesis, it is done by taking a sample of 99 respondents. Data were tested using validity, reliability and classical assumptions and analyzed by multiple linear regression, T test, and F test. Based on the results of the analysis, a conclusion can be drawn as follows: Compensation (X1) has a positive and significant effect on performance (Y) at the Botanical Gardens Conservation Center "Eka Karya" Bali. The amount of regression coefficient b1X1 which is positive is 0.356. This test is supported by a statistical test t (t - test) which states that t count is greater than t table, which means H1 is accepted. Work discipline (X2) has a positive and significant effect on performance (Y) in the Botanical Gardens Conservation Center "Eka Karya" Bali. This can be seen from the regression coefficient b2X2 which is positive at 0.218. This test is supported by a statistical test t (t-test) which states that t count is greater than t table, which means H2 is accepted. Simultaneously compensation (X1) and work discipline (X2) have a positive and significant effect on performance (Y) in the Botanical Gardens Conservation Center "Eka Karya" Bali. This is evidenced through multiple regression analysis Y = 20,556 + 0,356X1 + 0,218X2. In addition, it is confirmed by the F (F-test) test where F count is greater than F table, which means Ho is rejected and H3 is accepted. Compensation is the dominant variable that influences performance in the Botanical Gardens Conservation Center "Eka Karya" Bali with a standarized beta coefficient of 0.553.

Abstract Background Complex cryptoglandular fistulas (CCF) arise from infected anal glands and are often associated with substantial morbidity and healthcare utilization. Standarized patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) for CCF are lacking. Thus, we aimed to develop a disease-specific PROM to assess the burden of symptoms and their impact on daily life in patients with CCF. Methods To develop a conceptual model, a targeted literature review was conducted to identify symptoms and impacts on daily life associated with CCF. Existing PROMs relating to anal fistulas were also sought. Semi-structured interviews with colorectal surgeons (n=5) assessed clinical perspectives on patient experience of CCF. A draft item pool was developed based on the refined conceptual model and using the Quality of Life in Patients with Anal Fistula Questionnaire as a reference. The tool was refined through concept elicitation interviews on the symptoms and impacts of CCF, and cognitive debriefing on the interpretation, understanding and response to each item. Interviews were conducted until concept saturation was achieved and patient feedback suggested no further refinements were required. Results The literature review identified discharge, pain, faecal incontinence and bleeding as the most prevalent symptoms, and embarrassment as the most prevalent impact on daily life. Results from surgeon interviews were then used to revise the initial conceptual model. Twenty US adults (60% female; mean age, 49 years) with clinically confirmed CCF participated in interviews (four waves of n=5). Patients identified 10 salient symptoms and 11 salient impacts on daily life (salient defined as mention by ≥50% of patients and mean disturbance rating ≥5 on a 10-point scale). The final conceptual model included the main symptoms and treatment-related effects, and impacts on daily life. The draft item pool was refined, resulting in a final PROM consisting of 14 items (covering frequency and severity) relating to symptom domains – discharge, incontinence, pain, irritation, odour, abscess – and 6 items relating to health-related quality of life domains – functional, physical, psychological, social health. The PROM features a 7-day recall period, with responses mostly given on a 5-point verbal rating scale. Cognitive debriefing confirmed that the PROM was clear, easy to understand and relevant to patients’ experiences. Conclusion The 20-item CCF questionnaire (CCFQ-20) is a new PROM that has been developed and tested for content validity, following expert guidance and regulatory best practices. It addresses a comprehensive set of salient symptoms and impacts experienced by patients with CCF. Psychometric testing is required to fully evaluate this PROM. Sponsor: Takeda Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc.

The reading literacy study, conducted in 1990/91 by the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA), measured the performance of 9 year old students from 27 countries across the world. Until now, no specific analyses of the low scoring students has been undertaken. The aim of this secondary analysis of lEA reading literacy data was to examine the following question:

• What factors operate to influence the identification of low scores in reading literacy within and between identifiable cultural categories?

Low scoring students were included when their scores fell below 100 rasch points (approximately 2.5 years) below their respective country mean. English speaking countries included in the analysis, all of which have historical ties to England, were Canada, New Zealand, Trinidad and Tobago, and the United States. Low scoring sample sizes exceeded 12% of their respective total sample. Typical differences featured when the background qualities of students (i.e. sex, language background, wealth) in the low scoring and respective country samples were compared.

To examine the reading factors influencing low scores, the models of reading proposed by the lEA were tested across and within low scoring country and international data sets. Through conducting principal components analyses (PCA), it was found that the text and skills based models proposed by the lEA were not supported. New models of reading for each data set were devised and saved for further multivariate analyses. The factors of the newly theorized reading literacy constructs are concerning with poor fitting data, though similar patterns are found across the data sets. These results indicate that the variables in the reading test examined other skills, knowledge and experiences.

Procedures of MANCOVA or MANOVA were applied to each data set to facilitate identification of significant personal background factors (independent variables) on the saved component scores (dependent variables). The reading behaviour constructs (Reading in Class, Voluntary Reading, Home Literacy Interaction) devised by the lEA were included as covariates following respecification using PCA where appropriate. A socio-economic construct was devised for each country using PCA and was included as another covariate. Canada was the only country to have no significant covariates, and so, a straight MANOVA was applied.

Socioeconomic status predicted student performance in all countries except Canada. Home Literacy Interaction predicted performance on one component in the United States and Internationally. Low scoring boys obtained higher scores than the girls on items with a mathematical component, and girls tended to obtain higher scores when information was presented in a narrative or literal form. Where significant differences feature, native English speaking students consistently out perform non-native speakers. Questions are raised about traditional cognitive views of reading comprehension and standardized testing. Evidence accumulated throughout the thesis lends credence for explanations of reading literacy favouring sociocultural viewpoints.