Relevant bibliographies by topics / Standards de protection

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Standards de protection'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 18 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Standards de protection"

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Fischer, Ronald, and Pablo Serra. "Standards and protection." Journal of International Economics 52, no. 2 (December 2000): 377–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1996(99)00058-6.

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Healy, J. W. "Radiation Protection Standards." Health Physics 55, no. 2 (August 1988): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004032-198808000-00001.

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Duggan, M. J. "Standards of protection." Journal of the Society for Radiological Protection 5, no. 4 (December 1985): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0260-2814/5/4/107.

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Crow, Ray. "Standards — System Protection and Controls [Standards News]." IEEE Industry Applications Magazine 29, no. 3 (May 2023): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mias.2023.3243965.

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Kawamura, Tatsuo. "LIGHTNING PROTECTION AND STANDARDS." Journal of Atmospheric Electricity 12, no. 1 (1992): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/jae.12.97.

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Cotofan, Denis. "European social protection standards." Administrarea Publica, no. 3(111) (September 2021): 108–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.52327/1813-8489.2021.3(111).11.

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The article addresses European social protection standards from the perspective of the existence of several models of national social protection systems throughout the European Union and the need to develop general principles for all European countries in order to ensure the well-being of citizens. Thus, on the basis of the development of those standards, the balance between the interests of society in general and the rights of the individual were respected, taking into account economic development and levels of social protection. As a result, the European social model has been created which provides a high level of social protection and covers activities vital to social cohesion, being structured by a series of legal rules.
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Carroll, Pat. "Standards of data protection." Computer Fraud & Security 2012, no. 2 (February 2012): 5–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1361-3723(12)70017-9.

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Kaptsov, V. A., V. B. Pankova, and A. V. Chirkin. "Международные стандарты по индивидуальной защите органов дыхания (обзор)." Occupational Safety in Industry, no. 8 (August 2022): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2022-8-70-75.

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Efficient individual protection of the employees from air pollution requires high quality respirators, their correct selection and use. International Organization for Standardization (ISO) prepared standards that can become the basis for the development of similar standards in Russia. However, direct copying of the texts from ISO documents to GOST can reduce the efficiency of the employee protection. When using personal respiratory protection equipment, exhaled air with a high content of carbon dioxide fills the mask and is then inhaled again. ISO standard, which substantiates the requirements for the permissible concentration of CO2 in the inhaled air, ignores the available information on CO2 toxicity and Russian hygiene standards. This may lead to the certification and issuance of personal respiratory protective equipment to the employees, in the use of which the concentration of carbon dioxide on inhalation will exceed the maximum allowable concentration. In order for the efficiency of the personal respiratory protection equipment to correspond to the degree of air pollution, the protection coefficient was applied and measured. Significant differences between the efficiency of personal respiratory protection equipment in real and laboratory conditions are considered. The proposed ISO method for determining efficiency may lead to the use of respiratory protective equipment that is known to be ineffective. Using personal respiratory protection equipment it is required to change gas mask filters in a timely manner. When assessing their condition, ISO standard forbids relying on the subjective reaction of the employee feelings. At the same time, a more reliable method is ignored - introduction of special sensors. Recommendations are given to avoid all of these shortcomings.
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MOD ALI, Noriah. "International Standards for Radiation Protection." Progress in Nuclear Science and Technology 3 (2012): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15669/pnst.3.11.

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Ambrosi, P. "International standards for radiation protection." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 144, no. 1-4 (December 11, 2010): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncq433.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Standards de protection"

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White, Steven. "Standards and Standard-Setting for Companion and Farm Animal Protection in Queensland, Australia." Thesis, Griffith University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367155.

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This study examines standards and standard-setting for the protection of companion and farm animals. The well-being of companion and farm animals is dependent on the scope of standards applicable to their protection and the ways in which those standards are applied in practice. Despite the seriousness of harms inflicted on companion and, especially, farm animals every year, little scholarly attention has been paid to development of the standards governing their protection. A case study approach, focussed on Queensland, is used to explore who exercises authority in the arena of animal protection regulation, how standard-setting processes work and how these relate to compliance monitoring and enforcement. This study explores these issues through a series of questions: 1. How are the purposes of the regulation of the protection of companion and farm animals framed? 2. What types of regulatory standards apply to the protection of companion and farm animals in Queensland? 3. What are the processes for development of these standards, and how have these evolved over time? 4. What consequences do the prevailing types of standards have for compliance monitoring and enforcement? 5. How are these standards applied in practice through compliance monitoring and enforcement processes? 6. What are the key differences in the regulatory standards for the protection of companion and farm animals and how might these differences be rationalised? Insights from regulatory studies are used to interpret and explain regulatory objectives, standard-setting processes and, to the extent allowed by the data obtained in this study, compliance monitoring and enforcement. This study therefore provides a new field of practice – animal protection – for the application of established principles of regulatory analysis. This study makes a significant contribution to the discipline of animal law, still a comparatively new area of legal concern, by extending the predominantly doctrinal underpinnings of this field.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith Law School
Arts, Education and Law
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Holmstrup, Mark A. "Privacy protection standards for the information sharing environment." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Sep/09Sep%5FHolmstrup.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Homeland Security and Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2009.
Thesis Advisor(s): Bergin, Richard D. ; Josefek, Robert A. "September 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on November 9, 2009. Author(s) subject terms: Information Sharing Environment, privacy, collaboration, constitutionality, Transportation Security Administration, Program Manager Information Sharing Environment, information sharing. Includes bibliographical references (p. 89-96). Also available in print.
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Ratshitanga, Mukovhe. "Investigation and design of an integrated monitoring, protection, and control system of a power reticulation network." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2710.

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Thesis (Master of Engineering in Electrical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018.
As far as substation automation systems are concerned, one of the prime requirements of most utilities today is the interoperability between Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) of different manufacturers. The standard IEC 61850 - Communication Networks and Systems in Substations - allows such interoperability between IEDs for protection and automation of substations. Presently, many manufacturers have implemented, or are in the process of implementing this standard in their IEDs. This has encouraged some utilities to specify IEC is to ensure that both system requirements are met and the features and benefits of the standard are fully exploited. The author of this thesis investigated and brought forward the design of an integrated monitoring protection and control system of a network in Cape Peninsula University of Technology (CPUT) campus based of the IEC 61850 standard. A method of testing the physical IED based on Hardware-In-Loop (HIL) configuration with the Real-Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) is developed and implemented. Mapping of IED Substation Configuration Language (SCL) with that of the RTDS GTNET cards is discussed and implemented to further exploit the use of realtime testing with Generic Object Oriented Substation Event messages (GOOSE). The thesis highlight the benefits of interconnecting the reticulation IEDs into a standardised communication network for protection, control and monitoring of each substation event. This improves the access to information and reduces maintenance cost on the reticulation network.
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Mguzulwa, Ncedo Richard. "Investigation of interoperability of IEC 61850 protection functions." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2704.

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Thesis (Master of Engineering in Electrical Engineering)--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, [2018].
Introduction of IEC 61850 standard defined substation automation system communication. The need of interoperability among the relevant devices coming from different vendors is a necessity to ensure utilities/municipalities obtain value for money. Vendors used their own proprietary tools to achieve communication in a substation. This caused an Intelligent Electronic Device (IED) from vendor A could not communicate with an IED from vendor B. Utilities/municipalities are forced to depend on single vendor solutions in a substation automation system. IEC 61850 systems tout Interoperability as a major gain in the Substation Automation System (SAS) environment. The implementation of interoperable systems in SAS environment requires extensive testing and careful selection of vendors. This involves extensive testing to meet the required requirements of a certain SAS. Interoperability implementation and testing methods need to be formulated and tested rigorously with various scenarios of interoperability in an SAS. GOOSE messages form the foundation of IEC 61850 standard as they are responsible for the copper-less connections for peer to peer communications. GOOSE messages are based on peer to peer communications to enable interoperability at the bay level which is called horizontal communication. IEDs need to be carefully selected to ensure GOOSE messaging interoperability is achieved. Test methods are equally important as methodology to achieve interoperability. The purpose of this research is to perform an investigation on interoperability of IEC 61850 conformant IEDs based on evaluation of their protection functions. The research looks at various vendors on how each has interpreted the IEC 61850 standard. Also an analysis on requirements to achieve interoperability is conducted. Investigation on various vendor independent system configuration tools to ease the implementation burden of a multivendor application is done. Evaluation into flexible object modelling and naming conventions in order to achieve interoperability is performed. Various tests using different tools to assess the integrity of interoperability are completed. The research delivers a methodology to evaluate and implement GOOSE message interoperability. The interoperability methodology can be used for improvement of interoperability applications. The methodology can also be implemented as procurement requirement to ensure interoperability. The evaluation/implementation of interoperability can be included in Factory Acceptance Test (FAT). The methodology to achieve interoperability is only usefully when requirements are clear with regard to what needs to achieved by SAS.
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Heyes, Anthony G. "Three essays on the theory and practice of environmental standard-setting." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41254.

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This thesis presents three studies on the regulation of externalities. In the first chapter we use a two-period model to analyse the reform of environmental policy when enforcement is incomplete. We show that in evaluating such reforms it is important to differentiate between two types of non-compliers which react to regulatory reform in qualitatively distinct ways. In Chapter 2 we show the problems caused by using the 'ALARA' criterion when the supply of new technologies of environmental protection is endogenous. The difference between the ALARA rule and the socially optimal rule is characterised and it is shown that the difference depends upon whether the source of technical change is R&D effort or learning-by-doing. In the third chapter we examine the externalities which are created by a particular type of regulation, and show the gains from self-regulation which are thus generated. Though each chapter discusses a particular industry or class of industries, the results obtained are argued to have more general validity.
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Price, Sheri D. Elizabeth. "Working behind bars, prison labour and minimum standards protection in Canada." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ29451.pdf.

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Baningobera, Bwandakassy Elenga. "The IEC 61850 standard-based protection scheme for power transformers." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2713.

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Thesis (Master of Engineering in Electrical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018.
Transformer Differential and overcurrent schemes are traditionally used as main and backup protection respectively. The differential protection relay (SEL487E) has dedicated harmonic restraint function which blocks the relay during the transformer magnetizing inrush conditions. However, the backup overcurrent relay (SEL751A) applied to the transformer protection does not have a harmonic restraint element and trips the overcurrent relay during the inrush conditions. Therefore, to prevent the malfunction caused by the transformer magnetizing inrush current, a novel harmonic blocking method is developed, implemented and tested in the RSCAD simulation environment. The IEEE 14 bus transmission system is considered as a case study. The IEEE 14 bus system is modelled and simulated in the DIgSILENT and RSCAD simulation environments respectively. The developed harmonic blocking scheme is implemented in the Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL) simulation environment using Real-Time Digital Simulator and numerical protection IEDs. The developed scheme uses the Harmonic Blocking element (87HB) of the transformer differential relay (SEL487E) to send an IEC61850 GOOSE-based harmonic blocking signal to the backup overcurrent relay (SEL751A) to inhibit it from tripping during the transformer magnetizing inrush current conditions. The hardwired and GOOSE simulation results are analysed for the transformer differential protection and the backup overcurrent protection schemes for internal, external events and transformer magnetizing inrush current conditions. The simulation results proved that the IEC61850 standard-based protection scheme is faster than the hardwired. Therefore, the speed and reliability are improved using the IEC61850 standard-based GOOSE applications to the transformer digital protective relaying system.
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McGuire, William. "Essays on Voluntary Standards in International Trade." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1343240479.

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Garcia, Lucas Aaron. "Fire Training Fatalities and Firefighter Adherence to National fire Protection Association Standards." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6204.

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Sudden cardiac arrest continues to be a major cause of firefighter deaths during training due to a lack of individual firefighter adherence to National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) standards. These standards identify requirements for fire departments to create and maintain fitness programs. Existing research has not identified any relationships between training fatalities and individual firefighter adherence to NFPA 1583, Standard on Health-Related Fitness Programs for Fire Department Members. Using self-determination theory as the foundation, the purpose of this cross-sectional correlation study was to investigate whether individual firefighter adherence to NFPA 1583 has a measurable effect on training fatalities. Survey data were collected from 441 paid firefighters from 7 fire departments located in a rural county in a southern U.S. state. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. Results indicated that adherence to NFPA 1583 has a statistically significant relationship with reduced firefighter training fatalities (p = .000). Recommendations include examining adherence policies to all elements of the NFPA 1583 standard, not just chapters 5 through 8 in the publication. These include chapter 1 administration, chapter 2 referenced publications, chapter 3 definitions, and chapter 4 program organization specifications. The study results may be used by fire department training divisions to improve the health and safety of firefighters.
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Whyte, T. "Adequacy of test standards in evaluating blast overpressure (BOP) protection for the torso." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2016. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/10993.

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The blast wave emanating from an explosion produces an almost instantaneous rise in pressure which can then cause Blast Overpressure (BOP) injuries to nearby persons. BOP injury criteria are specified in test standards to relate BOP measurements in a testing environment to a risk of BOP injury. This study considered the adequacy of test standards in evaluating BOP protection concepts for the torso. Four potential BOP injury scenarios were studied to determine the likelihood of injury and the adequacy of test standards for appropriate protection concepts. In the case of vehicle blast, BOP injury is unlikely and test standards are adequate. In the scenario involving an explosive charge detonated within a vehicle, and the close proximity to a hand grenade scenario, test standards are not available. The demining scenario was identified as of importance as test standards are available, but do not mandate the evaluation of BOP protection. A prototype South African Torso Surrogate (SATS) was developed to explore this scenario further. The SATS was required to be relatively inexpensive and robust. The SATS was cast from silicone (selected to represent body tissue characteristics) using a torso mould containing a steel frame and instrumented with chest face-on pressure transducer and accelerometer. The SATS was subjected to an Anti-Personnel (AP) mine test and the Chest Wall Velocity Predictor and Viscous Criterion were used to predict that BOP injuries would occur in a typical demining scenario. This result was confirmed by applying the injury criteria to empirical blast predictions from the Blast Effects Calculator Version 4 (BECV4). Although limitations exist in the ability of injury criteria and measurement methods to accurately predict BOP injuries, generally a conservative approach should be taken. Thus, it is recommended that the risk of BOP injuries should be evaluated in demining personal protective equipment test standards.
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Books on the topic "Standards de protection"

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August, Reinisch, and Conference on Standards of Investment Protection (2007 : Law School of the University of Vienna), eds. Standards of investment protection. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.

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August, Reinisch, and Conference on Standards of Investment Protection (2007 : Law School of the University of Vienna), eds. Standards of investment protection. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.

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Meijknecht, Anna K. Minority Protection — Standards and Reality. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-703-6.

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Footwear, ASTM Committee F13 on Pedestrian/Walkway Safety and. ASTM standards on occupational footwear protection. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International, 2006.

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Double standards pertaining to minority protection. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2010.

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Jörg, Helbig. Freiwillige Standards im Umweltschutz. Heidelberg: Physica, 1999.

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Saudi Arabia. Maṣlaḥat al-Arṣād wa-Ḥimāyat al-Bīʼah., ed. Environmental protection standards in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: General standards. [Jiddah]: The Administration, 2001.

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Institute Of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. Surge protection C62. New York: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1992.

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Giorgio, Franceschetti, Gandhi Om P. 1935-, Grandolfo M, and International Course on Worldwide Nonionizing Radiation Safety Standards: Their Rationale and Problems (1988 : Capri, Italy), eds. Electromagnetic biointeraction: Mechanisms, safety standards, protection guides. New York: Plenum Press, 1989.

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), National Institute of Justice (U S. CBRN protective ensemble standard for law enforcement. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, National Institute of Justice, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Standards de protection"

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Pinkau, K., K. Decker, C. F. Gethmann, H. W. Levi, J. Mittelstraß, S. Peyerimhoff, G. zu Putlitz, A. Randelzhofer, C. Streffer, and F. E. Weinert. "Scientific-Medical Foundations of Radiation Protection." In Environmental Standards, 45–140. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2797-5_2.

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Michaelson, Sol M., and James C. Lin. "Personnel Protection, Protection Guides, and Standards." In Biological Effects and Health Implications of Radiofrequency Radiation, 637–58. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4614-3_20.

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Cohadon, F. "Brain Protection." In Advances and Technical Standards in Neurosurgery, 77–152. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6648-2_3.

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Wood, Andrew. "RF Guidelines and Standards." In Non-ionizing Radiation Protection, 186–204. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119284673.ch13.

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Winn, Jane K. "Technical Standards as Data Protection Regulation." In Reinventing Data Protection?, 191–206. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9498-9_11.

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Smigic, Nada, and and Ilija Djekic. "Food Safety Regulation and Standards." In Food Safety and Protection, 531–61. Boca Raton : CRC Press, [2017]: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315153414-16.

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Sarker, Shuvro Prosun. "International Standards of Refugee Protection." In Refugee Law in India, 109–34. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4807-4_5.

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Tilton, Catherine J., and Matthew Young. "Standards for Biometric Data Protection." In Security and Privacy in Biometrics, 297–310. London: Springer London, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5230-9_12.

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Chess, Paul M. "Defects with Existing Standards." In Cathodic Protection for Reinforced Concrete Structures, 87–98. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, a CRC title, part of the: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351045834-7.

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Grupen, Claus. "International Safety Standards for Radiation Protection." In Introduction to Radiation Protection, 90–109. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02586-0_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Standards de protection"

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Jeffrey, M. "Standards for broadcast content protection." In IET Conference on Crime and Security. IEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:20060335.

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Bhusari, M. M., and R. A. Sulit. "Standards for the Thermal Spray Industry." In ITSC 2000, edited by Christopher C. Berndt. ASM International, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2000p1313.

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Abstract Thermal-spray standards in the United States are developed by several professional societies that include American Society for Testing and Measurement (ASTM) for test & measurements methods and composition specifications; American Welding Society (AWS) for feedstock, equipment acceptance, application process, training & certification; American Water Works Association (AWWA) for thermal-sprayed zinc as potable water tank lining; International Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE) for corrosion protection processes and inspection; and Society of Protective Coatings (SSPC) for test & measurement methods, application specification & inspection in regards to protective coatings for the protection of steel. This paper provides information on various standards set by these bodies.
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Mousa, Abdul M. "Flaws of the standards-making process of the IEEE and related impact on lightning protection standards." In 2014 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iclp.2014.6973173.

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"Drones and data protection issues." In The International Conference on Robot Ethics and Standards (ICRES 2018). CLAWAR Association Ltd, UK, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.13180/icres.2018.20-21.08.004.

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Masili, Mauro, Homero Schiabel, and Liliane Ventura. "UV protection for sunglasses: revisiting the standards." In SPIE BiOS, edited by Fabrice Manns, Per G. Söderberg, and Arthur Ho. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2036639.

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Dower, J., and L. Boord. "228. NIOSH CBRN Respiratory Protection Standards Update." In AIHce 2003. AIHA, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2757906.

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Arevalo, Liliana, and Vernon Cooray. "‘The mesh method’ in Lightning protection standards - revisited." In 2010 30th International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iclp.2010.7845872.

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Colonna, Guy R. "NFPA Marine Fire Protection Codes and Standards: An Overview." In ASME/USCG 2013 3rd Workshop on Marine Technology and Standards. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mts2013-0321.

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The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) develops consensus codes and standards for fire and life safety for a wide array of occupancies, including the maritime industry. With documents originating in the early 1920’s, NFPA maritime safety standards reflect current practices in vessel design and operations, new hazards, and new technology. These documents include safe practices associated with confined space entry and hot work operations during construction, maintenance, and repair; shipyard fire protection safety management; and suppression system design, installation, and testing/maintenance. This presentation highlights those consensus standards contributing to safety management within the maritime industry. Paper published with permission.
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Raney, Glenn A., and Angela E. Summers. "High Integrity Protection Systems and Pressure Relief Systems." In ASME 1999 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-1156.

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Abstract Many Users are applying high integrity protection systems (HIPS) for overpressure protection of vessels and pipelines. HIPS can be an excellent alternative to standard, passive protection systems, if they are designed correctly. Various standards are applicable when HIPS are used in lieu of pressure relief valves. This paper will address the design issues, as well as the applicable industry standards.
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Sukardjo, A. N., B. B. Alcorn, and P. J. Hughes. "International Standards for Safety, Health, and Environmental Protection." In SPE Health, Safety and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/27102-ms.

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Reports on the topic "Standards de protection"

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Rittmann, P. D. Soil contamination standards for protection of personnel. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/353389.

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Krylov, Konstantin Davydovich. Russian Labor protection Legislation and International Standards. DOI СODE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/doicode-2022.043.

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Cool, D. A., and H. T. Jr Peterson. Standards for protection against radiation, 10 CFR Part 20. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6025037.

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Song, Frank. PR-015-0835-R01 Development of Variable Cathodic Protection Criteria. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), October 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010716.

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The CP criteria for buried piping systems are not consistent in different global CP standards. For instance, the standard of the International Standard Organization (ISO) and the European standard (EN) offer more specific CP criteria with respect to environmental conditions such as soil resistivity, aeration, presence of bacteria, pipe temperature and overprotection. However, they do not have the -850 mV on-potential criterion contained in the NACE Standard SP 0169-2007. The Australian National Standard (SAA) recommends the use of coupons or an electrical resistance (ER) probe in conjunction with the -850 mV off-potential or the 100 mV polarization criterion, which was not included in the above standards. Based on operators� experience, the current CP criteria in the NACE Standard SP 169-2007 may not always assure that pipes are effectively protected and some pipe/soil environments may require alternative criteria such as those in other global standards. This effort aimed to collect and analyze available global CP criteria and data to better understand why and when the NACE Standard SP0169 criteria are effective. By compiling and reviewing global CP criteria along with field and laboratory data, the report provides recommendations on evaluation of the -850 mV on-potential criterion, the -850 mV off-potential criterion, the potential criteria in high resistivity soils, the 100 mV polarization criterion, and CP criteria with elevated temperatures and bacteria. It also discusses how the joint use of monitoring and inspection devices with the effective use of CP criteria may affect how appreciate the significance of CP criteria in pipeline external corrosion control and the overall pipeline integrity management. Significant research is still needed to understand the effectiveness of CP criteria from a fundamental perspective. Mathematical modeling of a pipeline CP system with consideration of both the temporal and spatial variations of the pipe potential and corrosion rate and solution chemistry near the pipe surface should be performed. This would provide a broad understanding of the effectiveness of CP criteria from both macro and micro scales.
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5

Dikkers, Robert D. Standards for the physical protection of National resources and facilities. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.4618.

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6

Pflum, C. G., R. A. Van Konynenburg, and P. Krishna. Critical comments on the US Environmental Protection Agency Standards 40 CFR 191. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/139789.

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7

Tobias, John M., Charles L. Wakefield, Larry W. Strother, Vladislav Mazur, and Josephine Covino. The Basis of Conventional Lightning Protection Technology: A Review of the Scientific Development of Conventional Lightning Protection Technologies and Standards. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada396668.

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DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE WASHINGTON DC. Protection of Human Subjects and Adherence to Ethical Standards in DoD-Supported Research. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada594574.

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9

Gummow. L51800 Cathodic Protection Considerations for Pipelines with AC Mitigation Facilities. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), January 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010125.

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Induced AC on pipelines, despite the installation of AC mitigation facilities, can still produce deleterious effects involving the safe operation of the pipeline, the effective operation of the cathodic protection system, and the safety of personnel. One of the most serious consequences of steady state induced AC is that AC corrosion can occur, even though the induced AC voltage has been reduced to less than 15V as required by the standards and notwithstanding cathodic protection levels that also satisfy the standards. Implementation of the findings of this report will result in improved effectiveness of CP systems, longer useful pipeline operation life and a reduction personnel safety hazards. This project resulted in a report identifying and avoiding those situations where AC mitigation techniques may reduce the effectiveness of the CP system.
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10

Bhan, Gautam, Antara Rai Chowdhury, Neha Margosa, Kinjal Sampat, and Nidhi Sohane. Lessons for Social Protection from the COVID-19 Lockdowns Report 1 of 2: State Relief. Indian Institute for Human Settlements, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24943/lspcl11.2020.

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This report seeks to use COVID-19 and its attendant lockdowns in India as a crucial moment to assess social protection. Policy and scholarship both recognize that social protection plays an important role in alleviating poverty, improving standards of living, mitigating risks and shocks, and reducing episodes of financial adversities (Conway & Norton, 2002). We understandsocial protection as “all public and privateinitiatives that provide income or consumption transfers to the poor, protect the vulnerable against livelihood risks and enhance the social status and rights of the marginalized; with the overall objective of reducing the economic and social vulnerability of poor, vulnerable and marginalized groups” (Devereux & Sabates-Wheeler, 2004). Social protection thus includes measures that are protective against destitution— both amidst crisis as well as in the everyday— as well as promotive in how they enable individuals, households and communities to thrive and flourish rather than just survive (Devereux & Sabates-Wheeler, 2004).
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