Academic literature on the topic 'Standards Australia'
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Journal articles on the topic "Standards Australia"
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Machin, Heather. "Australia: standards implementation." International Journal of Ophthalmic Practice 4, no. 5 (October 16, 2013): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/ijop.2013.4.5.181.
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Keys, Matt, and Miranda Taylor. "International standardisation driving global competitiveness and sustainability of the oil and gas and future energy industries." APPEA Journal 61, no. 2 (2021): 408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj20156.
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The World Economic Forum has identified that the oil and gas (O&G) industry must lead the process of its own transformation by innovation and multistakeholder collaboration. The Capital Project Complexity initiative is an industry-wide, noncompetitive collaboration on standardisation and use of procurement specifications. Australia is now a major contributor to this collaboration which has brought together all the major O&G operators through the International Association of Oil & Gas Producers (IOGP) network and the standardisation bodies including International Organization for Standardization (ISO), American Petroleum Institute Standards, European Committee for Standardization, Gulf Cooperation Council Standardization Organization, Standardization Administration of China, Standards Australia (SA) and many more. The focus is on developing common international standards through an IOGP Standards-ISO/TC67 link and standardised equipment specifications linking to these standards through IOGP-JIP33. Australia contributes via SA’s mirror committee ME-92, which is now fully established with direct involvement in the ISO/TC67 9 subcommittee areas and 13 working groups covering 261 current and developing standards. In September 2020, the first of these standards, AS ISO 29001, was identically adopted as an Australian standard. With the Australian experts now ensuring ISO Standards will incorporate Australian industry expertise, knowledge and regulatory requirements where possible future revisions will enable them to be adopted as the next revision of the Australian standard. This industry-wide collaboration will ensure future project costs are optimised and safety enhanced through use of the global industry knowledge while also reducing the need to write local standards. This study describes Australia’s strategy being pursued to align with the global industry. It also provides information on how this network is supporting the development of knowledge transfer to the decommissioning and new energy industries that will form Australia’s future.
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Logethetis, D. "Standards Australia: Growth in acceptance." IEEE Power Engineering Review 13, no. 12 (December 1993): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mper.1993.245814.
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Polkinghorne, Rod, and John Thompson. "Preface to 'Meat Standards Australia'." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 48, no. 11 (2008): iii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/eav48n11_pr.
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Dempsey, Ian, and Kerry Dally. "Professional Standards for Australian Special Education Teachers." Australasian Journal of Special Education 38, no. 1 (March 10, 2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jse.2014.1.
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Although professional standards for Australian teachers were developed several years ago, this country is yet to develop such standards for special education teachers. The lack of standards for the special education profession is associated with the absence of a consistent process of accreditation in Australia and a lack of clarity in the pathways that teachers may pursue to achieve accreditation. In this paper, we review professional standards for special education teachers in the UK and the US, and the related yet limited work completed in Australia. Substantial commonalities across these jurisdictions demonstrate that much of the groundwork has been completed in the important task of developing special education standards in this country.
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Cutter-Mackenzie, Amy, Barbara Clarke, and Phil Smith. "A Discussion Paper: The Development of Professional Teacher Standards in Environmental Education." Australian Journal of Environmental Education 24 (2008): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0814062600000537.
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AbstractProfessional teaching associations in Australia and abroad have been developing teacher and/or teaching standards and associated professional learning and assessment models in the key discipline areas since the 1990s. In Australia, a specific intent of this approach is to capture and recognise the depth and range of accomplished educators' teaching. Despite the increasing work in this area, there has been a dearth of discussion about teacher standards in environmental education and no previous attempt to research and/or develop professional teacher standards for environmental education in Australia. This paper discusses the history of teacher standards in Australia, and considers the implications for the development of teacher standards in environmental education. In doing so, we present a research-practice model that is currently being piloted in Victoria for developing accomplished professional teacher standards and learning in environmental education with and for accomplished Australian primary and secondary teachers.
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Lambert, Phil. "Educational Standards and Australia: a changed landscape." Revista Brasileira de Estudos Pedagógicos 97, no. 247 (December 2016): 463–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2176-6681/291437381.
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Abstract: This article provides insight into the development of Australia's educational standards, the resultant alignment between curriculum, assessment and teaching standards and the move to online tailored testing. Background to the development and nature of the standards is provided as well as areas being considered for further reform. The article acknowledges the challenges in reaching settlement in relation to the standards-setting reforms in a Federation such as Australia. It also outlines the significant benefits now being realised as a result of the collaborative effort to achieve a national curriculum, a national assessment program and national teaching standards.
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Carine, Fiona, and Anita Walker. "Establishing Electronic Patient Record Standards Using Paper-Based Record Functions and Standards." Health Information Management 27, no. 2 (June 1997): 78–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/183335839702700207.
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The South Australian Health Commission has embarked on a long term project to establish an Electronic Patient Record (EPR) for South Australia. The process requires extensive evaluation at the conclusion of each phase of development using a range of existing and purpose-developed evaluation tools. This paper describes a purpose-developed evaluation tool that uses the functional aspects of, and existing standards for, paper-based medical records in hospitals as its basis. The resulting EPR Standards are a tool which can be used to establish a benchmark against which to evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of an electronic patient record.
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Lehmann, Caitlyn. "Editorial." Children Australia 42, no. 4 (November 29, 2017): 225–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cha.2017.44.
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Among the plethora of minor parties fielding candidates in Australia's 2016 federal election was a relative newcomer called Sustainable Australia. Formed in 2010 and campaigning with the slogan ‘Better, not bigger’, the party's policy centrepiece calls for Australia to slow its population growth through a combination of lower immigration, changes to family payments, and the withdrawal of government agencies from proactive population growth strategies (Sustainable Australia, n.d.). At a global level, the party also calls for Australia to increase foreign aid with a focus on supporting women's health, reproductive rights and education. Like most minor parties, its candidates polled poorly, attracting too few votes to secure seats in the Senate. But in the ensuing months, the South Australian branch of The Greens broke from the national party platform by proposing the aim of stabilising South Australia's population within a generation (The Greens SA, 2017). Just this August, Australian business entrepreneur Dick Smith launched a ‘Fair Go’ manifesto, similarly calling for reductions in Australia's population growth to address rising economic inequality and a “decline in living standards” (Dick Smith Fair Go Group, 2017).
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Godfrey, Jayne M., and Ian A. Langfield-Smith. "Regulatory Capture in the Globalisation of Accounting Standards." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 37, no. 11 (November 2005): 1975–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a3790.
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The Australian Financial Reporting Council recently shocked the world business community by unexpectedly announcing a change in the nation's approach to global-accounting-standards development. The change involved switching from ensuring consistency of Australian accounting standards with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) developed by the International Accounting Standards Board to outright adoption of IFRSs by 2005. At the time of the announcement, Australia had the most developed international harmonisation programme of any country with a well-developed financial reporting system. Events surrounding the change demonstrate how political the accounting standard-setting process can be as it continues to receive front-page media attention, and as it provides a platform in parliamentary and electoral debate. In the meantime, the US role in the global accounting standard-setting arena has moved through phases of indifference to potential active dominance, and European influences have waxed and waned. We examine whether swings in political and regulatory influences that occur when globalisation becomes a national and international goal are explained by regulatory capture theory. We also address the extent to which a subset of a single nation's regulatory system plays a key role in a series of larger national and international games. Drawing upon experiences in Australia, the United States, and the European Union, we identify political influences on initiatives to reform accounting-standard-setting environments, policies, and processes.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Standards Australia"
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Hjafta, Corneels, and n/a. "Implementing national competency standards in the professions in Australia : lessons for Namibia." University of Canberra. Education, 1998. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060725.095855.
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This study originated from a professional interest of the researcher in
competency standards and their implementation in the professions. The
study was conducted with the aim of informing policy development and
implementation in Namibia in this area by drawing lessons from the
Australian experience. It set out to identify the factors that influenced
the implementation of this policy in Australia, the importance of these
factors and the strategies employed by implementors to enhance
successful implementation. The study is grounded in policy
implementation theory.
Twenty professions have been involved in developing and implementing
competency standards in Australia under the guidance and with the
support of a national government organisation called the National Office of Overseas Skills Recognition (NOOSR). The main objectives of the
Australian government in implementing this policy were the
improvement of migrant skills recognition and the achievement of
recognition for professional qualifications across state and territory
borders.
Time and budgetary constraints would not allow the involvement of all
the professional groups in this study, so four groups were selected based
on their size and progress made in developing and implementing the
standards. The groups ranged from a very large professional group
(more than 250 000 members) to a very small professional group
(approximately 3 500 members). Eleven respondents from NOOSR and
the professional groups participated in the study. Data was gathered by
structured interview, a rating schedule and document analysis.
The study found that there were seventeen factors that influenced this
process as perceived by the respondents. These factors were classified
into five categories: technical, political, economic, administrative and
political, and then placed on a matrix with the levels at which they
exerted their greatest pressure: external, internal to the professional
body, and on the steering group. This classification of factors gave
indications of the types of strategies and the level of intervention which
may address implementation problems best. The study compiled a list of
the factors in order of importance as rated by the respondents. This
ranking showed that leadership was the most important factor, followed
by experience and expertise of the steering group and the need for and
appropriateness of the standards for the professions. The study also
found that the Australian government employed inducement, capacity
building and facilitation strategies to enhance the successful
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implementation of the standards, while the professional bodies
employed mainly staff development and training as strategies.
The study concluded that Namibian policy makers and implementors
can draw the following lessons from the Australian experience:
1. there is a need for a balance between pressure and support from
government;
2. there is a role for a national implementation plan;
3. the main attraction of national competency standards is still the
many uses it can be put to and the many purposes it serves for
different organisations;
4. assessment strategies need to be considered from the beginning;
5. the methodology of using a representative steering group to lead
standards development is one of the best features of the Australian
approach;
6. Over time, the original objectives of the policy became low priority
for NOOSR and the government;
7. the classification matrix can be used as a planning tool; and
8. the ranking of the factors indicates the importance of organisational,
technical and economic factors.
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au, sandy heldsinger@uwa edu, and Sandra Heldsinger. "Accounting for unit of scale in standard setting methodologies." Murdoch University, 2006. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20070717.160817.
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Substantial sums of money are invested by governments in state, national and international testing programs. Australia in particular engages at all three levels. There are number of purposes served by these programs. One of these is to report student performance against standards.
Standard setting exercises with respect to a particular assessment are commonly used by testing programs where there is a requirement to determine the point at which it can be said that students have demonstrated achievement of a standard. Several methodologies have been devised that use expert judgements to derive a numerical cut-score on an achievement scale. A commonly used standard setting methodology is one proposed by Angoff (1971).
The kernel of the Angoff procedure is the independent judgement of the probability that a minimally competent person can or cannot answer a dichotomously scored item correctly. This methodology typically involves three stages: orientation and training, a first round of performance estimation followed by feedback, and then a second round of performance estimation. In the orientation session, judges are asked to define a hypothetical target group. This definition is dependent upon the judges tacit understanding of the standard. For example, in the context of a mathematics test, judges would be asked to agree the skills the students should be expected to have mastered. Then they would be asked to envisage a student with those skills and to estimate the proportion of a hypothetical group of equally competent students (as defined by the expected standard) who would answer each item correctly. This proportion is the estimate of the required probability. Then the sum of these probabilities is taken as the raw cut-score on a test composed of the items.
Several studies, however, question the validity of the Angoff methodology because of the finding that judges were unable to perform the fundamental task required of them: to estimate the probability a student would answer an item correctly, (Shepard, 1995) even for groups of students who are well known to them (Impara and Blake, 1996).
In addition, standard-setting exercises invariably take place in situations where the reporting of educational standards has a high profile and is of political importance. To address the accountability requirements that accompany such a task, a wide range of stakeholders are invited to act as judges in the exercises. Inevitably, however, variability between the judges conception of the standard, as represented by the cut-score set by each of them, causes concern. Can the public have confidence in the standard set if the judges themselves cannot agree? Several studies report the introduction of further rounds of performance estimation and more refined feedback in an attempt to obtain greater consistency between the judges ratings (Impara and Blake, 2000; McGinty and Neel, 1996; Reckase, 2000).
In more recent studies Green, Trimble and Lewis (2003) report a study in which three standard setting procedures were implemented to set cut-scores and which required judges to synthesise the results to establish final cut-points. Green et al report studies such as Impara and Blake (2000) where convergence of results among multiple standard settings are used as evidence of validity of cut-scores, but note that while convergence may occur to a reasonable degree when variations of the same method are used, there are few reports of convergence when different procedures are used.
The distinguishing factor between the standard-setting exercises reported in the literature, which rely on judges tacit understanding of the standard and this study, is the existence of an explicitly and operationally defined standard. In 1996 the Australian Ministers for Education agreed to a national framework for reporting of student achievement in literacy and numeracy and arising from this decision was the drafting of benchmark standards against which the achievement of students in years 3, 5, 7 and 9 could be reported. The benchmark standards are articulated in two components. Criteria describe the skills that students need to have acquired if it is to be said that they achieved the standard and sample work exemplify these criteria.
The setting of standards independently of placing them on a scale permitted a more rigorous assessment of the effects of different designs on the setting of cut-scores. Two different standard-setting methodologies have been employed in this study to translate descriptions of the standards into cut-scores. One draws on the Angoff method and involves the use of a rating scale. Judges consider the items of a test and indicate the probability that a student at the cut-score will answer each item correctly. The probabilities are in increments of 0.10, ranging from 0.0 to 1.0. The sum of the probabilities that a judge gives to the items is taken as the raw score cut-score from that judge. The second study involves a method of pairwise comparison of the same items together with items that are operationalised to be benchmark items. The judge has to decide which of each pair of items is the more difficult.
The results of the two benchmark setting designs appear to support findings from other standard-setting exercises reported in the literature. Namely,
i. Judges were unable to estimate absolute item difficulty for a student of prescribed ability.
ii. Where two different designs were used, there is no convergence in results.
iii. Ratings from different judges within each design varied widely.
To indicate the resultant discrepancy in setting the benchmark on the same test, the rating methodology gives a value of 16.08 and the pairwise a value of 7.10 on ostensibly the same scale. A closer examination of the judges ratings, however, suggests that despite the evidence of dramatically different cut scores between the two exercises, the judges were highly consistent in their interpretation of relative item difficulty. Two lines of evidence indicate this high level of internal consistency: (i) the reliability index for the pairwise data; and (ii) the correlation between the item estimates obtained from the rating and pairwise exercises, which was 0.95. In addition, the correlation of the relative item difficulties with those obtained from students responding to the same items was a satisfactory 0.80 and 0.74 for the ratings and for the pairwise designs, respectively.
The high correlation between judgements across the two exercises, in conjunction with the relatively high correlation of the item difficulties from the judges data and from the student data, suggests that problems observed in the literature do not arise because judges cannot differentiate the relative difficulties of the items. Accordingly, the unit of scale as assessed by the standard deviations of the item difficulties were calculated and examined.
The standard deviation of the items from judges in the likelihood design was half that of the item difficulties from the student responses, and the standard deviation of the items from the pairwise design was over twice that of the student scale. The substantial difference between the standard deviations suggests a difference between the units of scale, which presents a fundamental problem for common equating. In general, and in the literature, it seems that the unit of scale as evidenced from the standard deviations is not considered and it seems that it is simply assumed that the unit of scale produced by the students and the judges is the same and each design should be the same. Then if the results of different modes of the data collections do not arrive at the same or very similar cut-scores, it is not considered that this might be only a result of different units of scale.
In retrospect, it is not surprising that different formats for data collection produce different units of scale, and that different cut-scores result. In addition, it is not surprising that these might also produce a different unit of scale from that produced by the responses of the students. The reasons that the different designs are likely to produce different units of scale are considered in the thesis.
Differences in the unit of scale will inevitably have an impact on the location of the benchmark or cut-score. When the difference in standard deviation is accounted for, and the cut-scores are placed on the same scale as that produced by the students, the two exercises provide similar locations of the benchmark cut-score. Importantly, the thesis shows that these locations can be substantiated qualitatively as representing the defined standard. There are two main conclusions of the study. First, some of the problems reported in the literature in setting benchmarks can be attributed to difference in the units of scale in the various response formats of judges relative to those of students. Second, this difference in unit of scale needs to be taken into account when locating the standard on the student scale.
This thesis describes in detail the two cut-score setting designs for the data collection, and the transformations that are necessary in order to locate the benchmark on the same scale as that produced by the responses of the students.
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Michelotti, Marco 1970. "Changing employment protection systems : the comparative evolution of labour standards in Australia and Italy 1979 to 2000." Monash University, Dept. of Management, 2003. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/5612.
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Potter, Bradley N., and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Reforming Australian public sector accounting: An episode of institutional thinking." Deakin University. School of Accounting, Economics and Finance, 2003. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20051017.155728.
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In recent years in Australia, accounting reforms have been developed which have resulted in the application of commercial systems of accounting to diverse public sector organisations. The reforms, which include the requirement to recognise infrastructure and heritage resources as assets in financial reports, endorse financial notions of accountability and performance that have been traditionally applied within private sector, profit-seeking organisations. Such notions are applied to a range of public sector organisations for the first time, even though the primary missions or objectives of many of these organisations are social, rather than financial in orientation. This critical, interpretative case study, set within the context of not-for-profit public museums, seeks to enhance an understanding of public sector accounting change based on these unique social organisations.
The study examines three aspects of the reforms, namely, their development, their promotion and their defence. This examination is undertaken using the ideas contained in Mary Douglas (1986) How Institutions Think as the key theoretical construct. The supplementary perspectives of problematisation and epistemic communities are used to assist in applying the primary theoretical construct by explaining how, and by whom, these reforms were advocated and implemented in this specific instance. The study shows how the interpretation and application of the statements comprising the conceptual framework have shaped the development, promotion and defence of detailed standards developed for specific public sector organisations. In doing so, the study addresses two key research questions: (1) How were financial notions of accountability and performance of Australian public sector organisations constructed during the period 1976-2001 and articulated in the CF, once its development began, within this reform period? (2) How were these notions and other concepts of financial reporting outlined in the CF interpreted and applied in the (i) development; (ii) promotion; and (iii) defence of detailed accounting standards for not-for-profit public museums in Australia during the period under investigation?
The study demonstrates that the concepts of financial reporting outlined in the conceptual framework were used by a relatively small group of technical experts located in influential positions in accounting regulation and in other fields to justify the application of accrual accounting within diverse public sector organisations. During the period examined, only certain questions were posed and certain issues considered and many problems associated with the implementation of the reforms were not considered. Accordingly, a key finding of the study is that each aspect of the reform period was guided and constrained by institutional thinking. In addition, the study shows how the framework's content can be used to permit equally well-argued, but conflicting, accounting policies to be adopted and defended for the same items, indicating the framework to be of only limited value as a technical tool. This leads to another key finding of the study, namely, that the framework is best understood as a political tool, serving a crucial role in enabling accrual accounting reforms to be developed, promoted and defended within the public sector. Thus, the study seeks to offer an enhanced understanding of the nature and determinants of accounting change, and accordingly, it broadens an understanding of the use of the conceptual framework, as an institution, in developing, promoting and defending changes to accounting practice.
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Kaplanová, Lucie. "Kulturní standardy Austrálie." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-162289.
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The first part of the thesis deals with the concept of culture, its elements and problems which may arise between two cultures. Then I mention the elements on which compare culture Hofstede, Trompenaars and Thomas. The second part focus on general information about Australia and then on characteristics of Australian culture mentioned in the literature. In the last part, I analyze how the Czechs perceive Australian culture on the basis of survey. The end of the thesis includes advice and recommendations on how to deal with the Australian cultural specifics.
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Michelotti, Marco 1970. "Changing employment protection systemsthe comparative evolution of labour standards in Australia and Italy 1979 to 2000 /." Monash University, Dept. of Management, 2003. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/7618.
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Wang, Shiheng. "Timing equity issuance in response to mandatory accounting standards change in Australia and the European Union." Thesis, Kingston, Ont. : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/1308.
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Keys, Wendy, and n/a. "Grown-Ups In a Grown-Up Business: Children's Television Industry Development Australia." Griffith University. School of Arts, Media and Culture, 2005. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20060928.135325.
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This dissertation profiles the children's television industry in Australia; examines the relationship between government cultural policy objectives and television industry production practices; and explores the complexities of regulating and producing cultural content for child audiences. The research conducted between 1997 and 2002 confirms that children's television is a highly competitive business dependent on government regulatory mechanisms and support for its existence. For example, the Australian Broadcasting Authority's retaining of mandatory program standards for children's programs to date, is evidence of the government's continued recognition of the conflict between broadcasters' commercial imperatives and the public-interest. As a consequence, the industry is on the one hand insistent on the government continuing to play a role in ensuring and sustaining CTV - however, on the other hand, CTV producers resent the restrictions on creativity and innovation they believe result from the use of regulatory instruments such as the Children's Television Standards (CTS). In fact, as this dissertation details, the ABA's intended policy outcomes are inevitably coupled with unintended outcomes and little new or innovative policy development has occurred. The dissertation begins with an investigation into the social, cultural and ideological construction of childhood within an historical and institutional context. I do this in order to explore how children have been defined, constructed and managed as a cultural group and television audience. From this investigation, I then map the development of children television policy and provide examples of how 'the child' is a consistent and controversial site of tension within policy debate. I then introduce and analyse a selection of established, establishing and aspiring CTV production companies and producers. Drawing on interviews conducted, production companies profiled and policy documents analysed, I conclude by identit~'ing ten key issues that have impacted, and continue to impact, on the production of children's television programming in Australia. In addressing issues of industry development, the question this dissertation confronts is not whether to continue to regulate or not, but rather, how best to regulate. That is, it explores the complexities of supporting, sustaining and developing the CTV industry in ways which also allows innovative and creative programming. This exploration is done within the context of a broadcasting industry currently in transition from analogue to digital. As communications and broadcasting technologies converge, instruments of regulation - such as quotas designed around the characteristics of analogue systems of broadcasting - are being compromised. The ways in which children use television, and the ways in which the CTV producers create content, are being transformed. The ten key issues identified in this dissertation, I propose, are crucial to industry development and policy debate about the future of children's television in Australia. In integrating the study of policy with the study of production, I have given prominence to the opinions and experiences of those working in the industry. In doing so, this dissertation contributes to the growing body of work in Australia which incorporates industry with cultural analysis, and which includes the voices of the content providers.
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Wallace, Gabrielle, and not supplied. "Microeconomic reform of the building and development process: the development and outcomes of building regulation reform in Australia 1990-2003." RMIT University. Social Science and Planning, 2006. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20070205.123414.
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As a component of the regulatory structure controlling building construction and land development in Australia, the system of building regulation was reformed during a period of significant restructuring of the Australian economy. The microeconomic reforms aimed to find efficiencies in government and industry sectors, and with respect to the latter, facilitate the development of competitive trade structures across national and global markets. The research provides a critical narrative account of the development and outcomes of the microeconomic reform of building regulation between 1990 and 2003. The microeconomic reform process is examined in the context of the vastly differing approaches of two Australian states, Victoria and New South Wales, with respect to the national reform agenda which was initiated and led by the Commonwealth government in response to the increasing globalization of the national economy. An understanding of what happened and why and how t he states differed with respect to the national reform agenda enabled the outcomes of the reforms to be examined for their impact upon government, industry and the community. The regulation of building construction is a constitutional responsibility of the state governments and has traditionally been controlled by local government. However, control is increasingly being centralized at the national level, in response to international pressures to adopt performance-based regulations, standards and governance systems that accord to neoliberal ideology. This has resulted in a reduction of state and local government involvement in certain building control functions with a commensurate increased role for the private sector; an increase in the complexity and quantity of regulatory instruments; a reduction in government accountability for the standard of building construction; the development of structures to facilitate competitive intranational and international trade in construction-related goods and services and a reduction in the quality and standard of buildings. The principal benefits of the reforms have accrued to industry and to government and the least benefits have accrued to the community/consumer.
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Galagedera, Don U. A. "Investment performance appraisal and asset pricing models." Monash University, Dept. of Econometrics and Business Statistics, 2003. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/5780.
Full textBooks on the topic "Standards Australia"
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Wright, J. F. H. Measurement in Australia, 1938-1988: A history of Australia's National Standards Laboratory. Sydney: CSIRO Australia, Division of Applied Physics, 1988.
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Library Board of Western Australia. Operational standards for public libraries in Western Australia. [Perth, W.A.]: Library and Information Service of Western Australia, Library Board of Western Australia, 1994.
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Australia New Zealand Food Authority. Australia New Zealand Food Authority: ANZFA. Canberra, Australia: ANZFA, 2001.
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T, Addison John. The determinants of performance appraisal systems: A note (do Brown and Heywood's results for Australia hold up for Britain?). Bonn, Germany: IZA, 2007.
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International auditing: A comparative survey of professional requirements in Australia, Canada, France, West Germany, Japan, the Netherlands, the UK and the USA. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1985.
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Australian Library and Information Association. Towards a quality service: Goals, objectives, and standards for public libraries in Australia. [Canberra?]: Australian Library and Information Association, 1990.
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Setting safety performance measures in Australia and New Zealand: Lessons for the United States. Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, 2011.
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Australia. Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission. Not for service: Experiences of injustice and despair in mental health care in Australia. Deakin West, A.C.T: Mental Health Council of Australia, 2005.
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Commission, Australia Human Rights and Equal Opportunity. Not for service: Experiences of injustice and despair in mental health care in Australia. Deakin West, A.C.T: Mental Health Council of Australia, 2005.
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Wajon, J. E. The occurrence and control of swampy odour in the water supply of Perth, Western Australia: A report. Bentley, W.A: Western Australian Institute of Technology, 1985.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Standards Australia"
1
Doggett, Stephen L. "Bed Bug Industry Standards: Australia." In Advances in the Biology and Management of Modern Bed Bugs, 209–15. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119171539.ch22.
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Lewis, Peter, Nathan J. Wilson, Leanne Hunt, and Lisa Whitehead. "Nursing in Australia Nurse education, divisions and professional standards." In Nursing in Australia, 3–10. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2021.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003120698-2.
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Bernzen, Amelie. "‘Sustainable Standards’? How Organic Standards in the EU and Australia Affect Local and Global Agrifood Production and Value Chains." In Food Security in Australia, 281–96. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4484-8_19.
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Lynch, Gordon. "‘If We Were Untrammelled by Precedent…’: Pursuing Gradual Reform in Child Migration, 1954–1961." In UK Child Migration to Australia, 1945-1970, 243–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69728-0_7.
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AbstractThis chapter examines how British child migration policy became caught up in the political sensitivities of post-war assisted migration. By 1950, officials in the Commonwealth Relations Office were becoming increasingly doubtful about the strategic and economic value of assisted migration, but also concerned about adverse political reaction in Australia to any scaling back of this work. An agreement was reached between the Commonwealth Relations and Home Office in 1954 to continue child migration on the basis of encouraging gradual reform of standards in Australia. In 1956, a UK Government Fact-Finding Mission in 1956 recommended more urgent controls over child migration, but this was rejected by an inter-departmental review in view of these wider political sensitivities. Despite introducing more limited monitoring, British policy-makers struggled to reconcile their knowledge of failings in some Australian institutions with the political challenge of trying to address these in the absence of co-operation from the Australian Government.
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Higgins, Vaughan, Jacqui Dibden, and Chris Cocklin. "Adapting Standards: The Case of Environmental Management Systems in Australia." In Calculating the Social, 167–84. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230289673_10.
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Lynch, Gordon. "‘Australia as the Coming Greatest Foster-Father of Children the World Has Ever Known’: The Post-war Resumption of Child Migration to Australia, 1945–1947." In UK Child Migration to Australia, 1945-1970, 131–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69728-0_5.
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AbstractThis chapter examines the policy context and administrative systems associated with the resumption of assisted child migration from the United Kingdom to Australia in 1947. During the Second World War, the Australian Commonwealth Government came to see child migration as an increasingly important element in its wider plans for post-war population growth. Whilst initially developing a plan to receive up to 50,000 ‘war orphans’ shortly after the war in new government-run cottage homes, the Commonwealth Government subsequently abandoned this, partly for financial reasons. A more cost-effective strategy of working with voluntary societies, and their residential institutions, was adopted instead. Monitoring systems of these initial migration parties by the UK Government were weak. Whilst the Home Office began to formulate policies about appropriate standards of care for child migrants overseas, this work was hampered by tensions between the Home Office and the Commonwealth Relations Office about the extent to control over organisations in Australia was possible.
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Lynch, Gordon. "Flawed Progress: Criticisms of Residential Institutions for Child Migrants in Australia and Policy Responses, 1939–1945." In UK Child Migration to Australia, 1945-1970, 55–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69728-0_3.
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AbstractThe positive view of child migration held by UK Government officials in the inter-war period was not based on any regular system of inspections of the institutions in Australia to which children were sent. During the Second World War, UK Government officials became more of reported problems at several of these institutions, relating to standards of accommodation, management, care, training and after-care. This chapter traces the growing awareness of these problems and the UK Government’s response to them. Whilst policy-makers’ positive assumptions about child migration were challenged, and specific issues and institutions were known to require significant improvement, overall confidence in the value of child migration remained. Despite evidence of organisational failings in Australia, Australian welfare professionals were trusted to address these problems, and suggestions about the need for greater control from the United Kingdom were seen as a backward-looking attempt to limit the autonomy of Britain’s Dominions.
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Griffin, Patrick, and Esther Care. "Pathways of Educational Leadership: Monitoring and Developing Skill Levels Among Educational Leaders in Australia." In School Leadership in the Context of Standards-Based Reform, 95–120. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4095-2_5.
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Blair, Robert. "Aims and principles of organic cattle production." In Nutrition and feeding of organic cattle, 4–17. 2nd ed. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245554.0002.
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Abstract This article describes the characteristics, standards, feeding, management and regulatory aspects of organic cattle milk and meat production in North and South America, Europe, Australia and Asia.
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Marker, Tony. "Minimum Efficiency Standards for Electric Motors (MEPS) — Future Direction of Regulation in Australia." In Energy Efficiency in Motor Driven Systems, 384–90. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55475-9_55.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Standards Australia"
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Hansen, Petra. "EMC standards update for Australia." In 2010 Electromagnetic Compatibility Symposium - Melbourne (EMCSA). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/emcsa.2010.6141513.
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Pizzi, Skip. "ATVEF: A Specification for Interactive Television Based on Internet Standards." In SMPTE Australia Conference. IEEE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.5594/m001183.
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McManus, Adam, Daniel Tofful, and Rafal Wozniak. "Design of segmental box girder bridges with match cast dry joints in Melbourne, Australia." In IABSE Congress, Christchurch 2021: Resilient technologies for sustainable infrastructure. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/christchurch.2021.0269.
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<p>A study of recent work undertaken on the Caulfield to Dandenong Level Crossing Removal Project and West Gate Tunnel Project in Melbourne Australia. The viaducts on these projects were precast segmental box girders erected span-by-span with match cast dry joints which present several key advantages in brownfield construction of linear infrastructure.</p><p>These case studies consider the application of Australian and International design standards to the design of Australian Infrastructure. It is acknowledged that international design standards such as AASHTO have moved away from the use of match cast dry joints however in the Australian context they are still relevant, and it has been necessary to interrogate current standards to establish a suitable design basis. This approach is imperative when assessing existing infrastructure like recent work on the West Gate Tunnel Project which involved the assessment of the existing precast segmental City Link Viaducts. This study seeks to present recommendations on how AS5100.5 may be modified to provide a more practical and efficient solution for the design of new and the assessment of existing infrastructure.</p>
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Ayers, L. M. "Implementing Smart Grid standards: A letter from the trenches." In 2011 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies (ISGT Australia). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isgt-asia.2011.6167147.
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Duggan, Anne, Alice Bhasale, and Brett Abbenbroek. "14 Quality improvement standards to prevent inappropriate use of colonoscopy in australian healthcare services." In Preventing Overdiagnosis Abstracts, December 2019, Sydney, Australia. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjebm-2019-pod.120.
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Southern, Carolyne, Joseph Wong, and Keith Bladon. "Challenges of Integrating Multidisciplinary Wayside Databases." In ASME 2012 Rail Transportation Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/rtdf2012-9446.
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A single, integrated database to store inputs from multiple, and multidisciplinary wayside systems is a pre-requisite for cross-correlation of data, and the development of intelligent algorithms to determine alarm levels and automate decision making. Australian rail operators run on three track gauges, operate a mix of American, European and uniquely Australian rolling stock, and lack a unified set of interchange standards, making the development of operational and condition monitoring rules a complex task. Over the years, Wayside Equipment vendors have adopted different database architectures and data structures for their proprietary systems. Recognizing the need for an industry-wide standard, Pacific National and Track Owners in Australia have initiated a project to develop the architecture for an integrated, open database to capture and store data feeds from multiple wayside systems, from different suppliers. This paper describes the objectives, constraints, challenges and projected benefits of the project for the track owner and the rail operator, and the planned implementation of an integrated condition monitoring database in the Australian rail environment.
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Bawa, Daljit, and Jake DeVaal. "Application of Certification/Safety Experience Gained in Fuel Cell Public Transportation With Buses Towards Marine Applications of Fuel Cells." In ASME/USCG 2010 2nd Workshop on Marine Technology and Standards. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mts2010-0202.
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Fuel cells with hydrogen fuel have now been demonstrated in public transportation for over 15 years worldwide. During this time Ballard-powered fuel cell buses have clocked more than 300,000 hours while accumulating over 5 million kilometers. These public transport buses have been certified and homologated in the USA, Europe, Australia and China. While certification agencies such as TUV, CHP, NHTSA, and other local governing bodies have been involved with the approval process for ensuring safety of personnel and equipment, the components themselves have met stringent requirements of NFPA, NGV, SAE, ASME, ANSI and other governing organizations. This paper highlights the various standards and safety concepts used in the approval process of public transportation using fuel cell buses. Since marine ferries involve movement of personnel, it is recommended that many of the requirements used for public buses can be easily adapted for marine applications of fuel cells. Paper published with permission.
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Carroll, Francis, and Jan Hayes. "Effective Risk Management for In Service Pipelines: Achieving ALARP by Pressure Management and Slab Protection." In 2018 12th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2018-78170.
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In Australia (and the UK), pipeline operating companies have a regulatory obligation to ensure that their assets are designed, constructed, operated and maintained so that risk to people and the environment is as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP). In many routine cases, demonstration that risk is ALARP is a matter of compliance with relevant technical standards. There are some cases, however, that are more complex. If a pipeline has been subject to significant urban encroachment and does not conform to current design standards for this service, how does a pipeline operator decide whether risk controls are sufficient? In Australia, rather than either ‘grandfathering’ requirements or mandating retrospective compliance with new standards, operators are required to ensure pipelines are safe and that risk levels are acceptable. The answer in cases such as this is a matter of judgment and we have legal, moral and reputational responsibilities to get decisions such as this right. There is currently no formal requirement in the US for pipeline risks to be ALARP, although the concept is gradually being introduced to US industry safety law. Examples include US offshore well control rules, California refinery safety regulations and the nuclear sector concept of ‘as low as reasonably achievable’. In this paper, we demonstrate application of the ALARP process to a case study pipeline built in the 1960s that has been heavily encroached by urban development. The Australian risk-based approach required formal ALARP assessment including consideration of options to reduce pressure, relocate or replace the pipeline, or increase the level of physical or procedural protection. Current and predicted operating conditions on this existing pipeline allowed reduction in operating pressure in some of the encroached segments, sufficient to achieve the equivalent of current Australian requirements for ‘No Rupture’ in high consequence areas for new pipelines. In other areas this was not achievable and a lesser degree of pressure reduction was instigated, in combination with physical barrier protection. The physical barrier slabbing comprised over 7 km of 20 mm thick high-density polyethylene (HDPE) slabs, buried above the pipeline. This approach was new in Australia and required field trials to confirm effectiveness against tiger tooth excavators and rotary augers. These upgrades to the case study pipeline have significantly decreased the risk of pipeline failure, by reducing both likelihood and consequences of accidental impact. In combination with rigorous procedural controls such as patrol surveillance and community liaison, real risk reduction has been achieved and ALARP has been demonstrated.
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Hill, Darren, Yvanna Ireland, Jim Yaremko, Chris Harvey, and Reena Sahney. "Investigation and Adoption of APGA’s Pipeline Engineer Competency System: The Canadian Experience." In 2020 13th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2020-9561.
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Abstract With the recognition of demographic change and impacts on the workforce, there is an increased focus on competency management within the pipeline industry. The Canadian Energy Pipeline Association (CEPA) is a voluntary, non-profit industry association representing major Canadian transmission pipeline companies that has been particularly active in this area. With recent publication of CEPA’s guidance document on competency management, CEPA member companies identified a need for a companion set of competency standards for technical staff. As such, the Pipeline Integrity Community of Practice (CoP) within CEPA formed a task group to identify and better understand potential solutions to address this need. The challenge in maturing competency management within the Canadian pipeline industry, as identified by the task group, is two fold: 1. First, the competency system needs to be flexible to address a broad range of topics, operation types as well as a progression of proficiencies (e.g., engineers in training through to senior level subject matter experts). 2. Second, there is a need for a system that is practical and can be developed / adopted in a relatively short time frame. In undertaking an assessment of the options available in industry, the adoption of the system that has been developed by the Australian Pipeline and Gas Association (APGA) was selected as the optimal path forward. The APGA Pipeline Engineer Competency System (APGA PECS) provides a mechanism for understanding competency as well as a means of assessing and documenting competency for pipeline engineers. Specifically, industry expert panels were used to develop the competency standards which were then published for broad consultation prior to finalizing. Within Australia, the system is now the responsibility of the APGA’s Pipeline Engineering Competency System (PECS) Committee for ongoing development, review and maintenance to ensure the system remains current and fit for purpose. One of the key characteristics of the APGA competency standards is the consistency of elements and a standard format for requirements in every stream of pipeline engineering. Further, the APGA System has been demonstrated to be practical and sustainable through use within Australia. The APGA System is now being customized for use in the Canadian Pipeline industry under an agreement announced in October 2019. This paper will provide insights into key aspects of competency system, the approach taken to assess viable options as well as the experience of customizing the APGA system for Canadian use. The system is anticipated to be available for Canadian companies in 2020 and provides a pathway to meeting the two main challenges identified for managing competency in the Canadian industry.
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Tuft, Peter, Nader Yoosef-Ghodsi, and John Bertram. "Benchmarking Pipeline Risk Assessment Processes." In 2012 9th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2012-90045.
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The Australian pipeline design code AS 2885 is largely a risk-based standard, and its safety management study process is admirably suited to the needs of the Australian industry. However it is a unique process that has been developed in Australia and is not used anywhere else in the world. Successfully benchmarking it against other risk assessment methodologies would put the basis of the Australian approach on a footing that would be more difficult to challenge should a major pipeline disaster result in a public enquiry. And if the comparison reveals shortcomings in the AS 2885 process then there will be a sound basis for addressing those shortcomings to improve the process. The APIA Research and Standards Committee and the Energy Pipelines CRC commissioned studies to compare the AS 2885 SMS process against two alternative methods: • Reliability-based analysis. • Quantitative risk assessment based on historical failure rates. Each study looked at the same four pipeline segments spanning a variety of urban locations in which the consequences of a major pipeline failure would be very serious. Each of the four segments had previously been through the AS 2885 safety management study process and found to present a level of risk that was borderline tolerable. The objective of the studies was to determine whether the alternative risk assessment methods also found a level of risk that was similarly borderline tolerable. This paper will present the results of the comparison studies, showing that all three methods produce broadly similar outcomes for risks that are close to the borderline between tolerable and intolerable. This is a welcome endorsement of the AS 2885 SMS process and reinforces its validity as a method for assessing and managing pipeline safety.
Reports on the topic "Standards Australia"
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Burns-Dans, Elizabeth, Alexandra Wallis, and Deborah Gare. A History of the Architects Board of Western Australia, 1921-2021. The Architects Board of Western Australia and The University of Notre Dame Australia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32613/reports/2021.1.
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An economic and population boom in the 1890s created opportunities for architects to find work and fame in Western Australia. Architecture, therefore, became a viable profession for the first time, and the number of practicing architects in the colony (and then state) quickly grew. Associations such as the Western Australian Institute of Architects were established to organise the profession, but as the number of architects grew and Western Australian society matured, it became evident that a role for government was required to ensure practice standards and consumer protection. In 1921, therefore, the Architects Act was passed, and, in the following year, the Architects Board of Western Australia was launched. This report traces the evolution and transformation of professional architectural practice since then, and evaluates the role and impact of the Board in its first century.
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McKenna, Patrick, and Mark Evans. Emergency Relief and complex service delivery: Towards better outcomes. Queensland University of Technology, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.211133.
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Emergency Relief (ER) is a Department of Social Services (DSS) funded program, delivered by 197 community organisations (ER Providers) across Australia, to assist people facing a financial crisis with financial/material aid and referrals to other support programs. ER has been playing this important role in Australian communities since 1979. Without ER, more people living in Australia who experience a financial crisis might face further harm such as crippling debt or homelessness. The Emergency Relief National Coordination Group (NCG) was established in April 2020 at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic to advise the Minister for Families and Social Services on the implementation of ER. To inform its advice to the Minister, the NCG partnered with the Institute for Governance at the University of Canberra to conduct research to understand the issues and challenges faced by ER Providers and Service Users in local contexts across Australia. The research involved a desktop review of the existing literature on ER service provision, a large survey which all Commonwealth ER Providers were invited to participate in (and 122 responses were received), interviews with a purposive sample of 18 ER Providers, and the development of a program logic and theory of change for the Commonwealth ER program to assess progress. The surveys and interviews focussed on ER Provider perceptions of the strengths, weaknesses, future challenges, and areas of improvement for current ER provision. The trend of increasing case complexity, the effectiveness of ER service delivery models in achieving outcomes for Service Users, and the significance of volunteering in the sector were investigated. Separately, an evaluation of the performance of the NCG was conducted and a summary of the evaluation is provided as an appendix to this report. Several themes emerged from the review of the existing literature such as service delivery shortcomings in dealing with case complexity, the effectiveness of case management, and repeat requests for service. Interviews with ER workers and Service Users found that an uplift in workforce capability was required to deal with increasing case complexity, leading to recommendations for more training and service standards. Several service evaluations found that ER delivered with case management led to high Service User satisfaction, played an integral role in transforming the lives of people with complex needs, and lowered repeat requests for service. A large longitudinal quantitative study revealed that more time spent with participants substantially decreased the number of repeat requests for service; and, given that repeat requests for service can be an indicator of entrenched poverty, not accessing further services is likely to suggest improvement. The interviews identified the main strengths of ER to be the rapid response and flexible use of funds to stabilise crisis situations and connect people to other supports through strong local networks. Service Users trusted the system because of these strengths, and ER was often an access point to holistic support. There were three main weaknesses identified. First, funding contracts were too short and did not cover the full costs of the program—in particular, case management for complex cases. Second, many Service Users were dependent on ER which was inconsistent with the definition and intent of the program. Third, there was inconsistency in the level of service received by Service Users in different geographic locations. These weaknesses can be improved upon with a joined-up approach featuring co-design and collaborative governance, leading to the successful commissioning of social services. The survey confirmed that volunteers were significant for ER, making up 92% of all workers and 51% of all hours worked in respondent ER programs. Of the 122 respondents, volunteers amounted to 554 full-time equivalents, a contribution valued at $39.4 million. In total there were 8,316 volunteers working in the 122 respondent ER programs. The sector can support and upskill these volunteers (and employees in addition) by developing scalable training solutions such as online training modules, updating ER service standards, and engaging in collaborative learning arrangements where large and small ER Providers share resources. More engagement with peak bodies such as Volunteering Australia might also assist the sector to improve the focus on volunteer engagement. Integrated services achieve better outcomes for complex ER cases—97% of survey respondents either agreed or strongly agreed this was the case. The research identified the dimensions of service integration most relevant to ER Providers to be case management, referrals, the breadth of services offered internally, co-location with interrelated service providers, an established network of support, workforce capability, and Service User engagement. Providers can individually focus on increasing the level of service integration for their ER program to improve their ability to deal with complex cases, which are clearly on the rise. At the system level, a more joined-up approach can also improve service integration across Australia. The key dimensions of this finding are discussed next in more detail. Case management is key for achieving Service User outcomes for complex cases—89% of survey respondents either agreed or strongly agreed this was the case. Interviewees most frequently said they would provide more case management if they could change their service model. Case management allows for more time spent with the Service User, follow up with referral partners, and a higher level of expertise in service delivery to support complex cases. Of course, it is a costly model and not currently funded for all Service Users through ER. Where case management is not available as part of ER, it might be available through a related service that is part of a network of support. Where possible, ER Providers should facilitate access to case management for Service Users who would benefit. At a system level, ER models with a greater component of case management could be implemented as test cases. Referral systems are also key for achieving Service User outcomes, which is reflected in the ER Program Logic presented on page 31. The survey and interview data show that referrals within an integrated service (internal) or in a service hub (co-located) are most effective. Where this is not possible, warm referrals within a trusted network of support are more effective than cold referrals leading to higher take-up and beneficial Service User outcomes. However, cold referrals are most common, pointing to a weakness in ER referral systems. This is because ER Providers do not operate or co-locate with interrelated services in many cases, nor do they have the case management capacity to provide warm referrals in many other cases. For mental illness support, which interviewees identified as one of the most difficult issues to deal with, ER Providers offer an integrated service only 23% of the time, warm referrals 34% of the time, and cold referrals 43% of the time. A focus on referral systems at the individual ER Provider level, and system level through a joined-up approach, might lead to better outcomes for Service Users. The program logic and theory of change for ER have been documented with input from the research findings and included in Section 4.3 on page 31. These show that ER helps people facing a financial crisis to meet their immediate needs, avoid further harm, and access a path to recovery. The research demonstrates that ER is fundamental to supporting vulnerable people in Australia and should therefore continue to be funded by government.