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Journal articles on the topic 'Standardized parameters'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 30 May 2022

Last updated: 31 May 2022

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1

Greenland, Sander, and George Maldonado. "The interpretation of multiplicative-model parameters as standardized parameters." Statistics in Medicine 13, no. 10 (May 30, 1994): 989–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sim.4780131002.

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2

Greenland, Sander. "Estimating standardized parameters from generalized linear models." Statistics in Medicine 10, no. 7 (July 1991): 1069–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sim.4780100707.

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3

Nelder, J. A., Sander Greenland, and R. G. Newcombe. "Estimating standardized parameters from generalized linear models." Statistics in Medicine 11, no. 4 (1992): 559–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sim.4780110418.

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4

Kubota, Junichiro. "Anti-cook book approach, pro-standardized treatment parameters." Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology 3, no. 4 (December 2004): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1473-2130.2004.00131.x.

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5

Todorovic, Arsenije, and Bojana Kalenjuk. "Standardized recipe and quality parameters for Pirot traditional bread." Pirotski zbornik, no. 41 (2016): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/pirotzbor1641001t.

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6

Ben-Shachar, Mattan, Daniel Lüdecke, and Dominique Makowski. "effectsize: Estimation of Effect Size Indices and Standardized Parameters." Journal of Open Source Software 5, no. 56 (December 23, 2020): 2815. http://dx.doi.org/10.21105/joss.02815.

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7

Shu, Lianjie, Wei Jiang, and Kwok-Leung Tsui. "A standardized scan statistic for detecting spatial clusters with estimated parameters." Naval Research Logistics (NRL) 59, no. 6 (July 24, 2012): 397–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nav.21493.

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8

Damodhar M, Gajanan, and Tushar Ramkrishna Deshmukh. "Standardized Hip Implant by Cluster Analysis of Anthropometry Parameters of Femur." Journal of Medical Sciences 19, no. 1 (December 15, 2018): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jms.2019.11.16.

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9

Koskin, Sergey Alekseevich, and Ivan Ruslanovich Stepanets. "Standardized ophthalmic tests for evaluating reading parameters: a brief historical review." Ophthalmology journal 13, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ov50885.

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In the review, the analysis of the most common ophthalmic standardized tests for evaluating reading was carried out: BaileyLovie Word Reading Charts, MNREAD Acuity Chart, Radner reading chart, SmithKettlewell Reading Test (SKread), IReST, Salzburg Reading Desk, Ramulu test, Radner paragraph optotypes, Balsam AlabdulkaderLeat (BAL) chart, Chinese Reading Acuity Charts (C-READ), chart for reading threshold and reading speed evaluation by T.S. Egorova. The following parameters were considered: maximum reading speed, reading threshold, reading acuity, reading accessibility index, threshold reading speed. Recovering the ability to read fluently is one of the criteria for assessing the success of treatment, as well as quality of life for patients of various age groups

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Yang, Xiaocui, Liang Chen, Xinmin Shen, Panfeng Bai, Sandy To, Xiaonan Zhang, and Zhizhong Li. "Optimization of geometric parameters of the standardized multilayer microperforated panel with finite dimension." Noise Control Engineering Journal 67, no. 3 (May 1, 2019): 197–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/1/376718.

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Standardized multilayer microperforated panel fabricated by laser beam machining of the spring steel was proposed for noise reduction in this study. Geometric parameters of the standardized multilayer microperforated panel, which include diameter of the hole, thickness of the panel, distance between the neighbor holes, and length of the cavity, were optimized for the better sound absorption performance. Sound absorption coefficient of the standardized multilayer microperforated panel was theoretically modeled based on the Maa's theory. The optimization of geometric parameters of the standardized multilayer microperforated panel was obtained by the Cuckoo search algorithm, and the finite dimension of 30 mm was treated as the additional constraint condition. Preliminary verification of the obtained optimal parameters was conducted through the constructed finite element simulation model. Actual sound absorption coefficients of the standardized multilayer microperforated panels with layer number of 1 to 4 were measured by standing wave method, which were consistent with theoretical data and simulation data, and the corresponding average values in the frequency range of 100â–“6000 Hz were 57.45%, 70.85%, 71.99%, and 72.28%, respectively. By theoretical modeling, parameter optimization, simulation, and experimental validation, an effective method was proposed to develop practical sound absorbers, which would promote their applications in noise reduction.

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11

Pop, Liviu Dorin. "Study on the Influence of Carbon on Standardized and Non-Standardized Steel." Acta Marisiensis. Seria Technologica 16, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amset-2019-0003.

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Abstract The way a piece or tool behaves in operation is determined by the quality of the material from which it is made, the precision of execution and heat treatment applied. In the present research, it is highlighted the differences that take shape after heat treating different materials (low carbon steel and high alloyed steel) including heating to dissimilar austenitic phases (880°C and 1020°C), holding for non-identical times, tempering at low temperature (260 °C) and then cooling by using separate cooling mediums (oil, air and water). The results show no noticeable increase in the hardness and mechanical properties for the low carbon steel after the heat treatment, but on the other hand, the high alloyed steel, reveals distinguishable changes in both hardness and mechanical properties. There is a close link between the structure, the parameters of the thermal processes and the properties that are desired so that future specialists have to assimilate the basic knowledge related to the phenomena that occur during a heat treatment but at the same time it is important to equip the companies with machines and measure devices, like a spectrometer.

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12

Gorozhankin, S. A., A. D. Bumaga, and N. V. Savenkov. "Improving Car Fuel Efficiency by Optimising Transmission Parameters." International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering 16, no. 3 (October 7, 2019): 7019–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijame.16.3.2019.14.0526.

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The theoretical and experimental studies of the car power unit functioning at unsteady modes have been conducted. The experimental studies have been conducted using the test stand for measuring engine performance. In addition, the measurements of the parameters of the power unit of the category N1 vehicle under natural conditions (the road tests in the modes of standardized driving cycles) have been made. The aim of the work is increasing the fuel efficiency of the vehicles under operating conditions. For this purpose, the transmission parameters have been optimised for the conditions of the vehicle driving in the standardized NEDC and WLTC driving cycles. The research results enable to give recommendations on improving both the design of the power unit and its operating modes in operation.

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13

Manganaro, Roberta, Stella Marchetta, Raluca Dulgheru, Tadafumi Sugimoto, Toshimitsu Tsugu, Federica Ilardi, Marianna Cicenia, et al. "Correlation between non-invasive myocardial work indices and main parameters of systolic and diastolic function: results from the EACVI NORRE study." European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Imaging 21, no. 5 (August 13, 2019): 533–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehjci/jez203.

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Abstract Aims The present study sought to evaluate the correlation between indices of non-invasive myocardial work (MW) and left ventricle (LV) size, traditional and advanced parameters of LV systolic and diastolic function by 2D echocardiography (2DE). Methods and results A total of 226 (85 men, mean age: 45 ± 13 years) healthy subjects were enrolled at 22 collaborating institutions of the Normal Reference Ranges for Echocardiography (NORRE) study. Global work index (GWI), global constructive work (GCW), global work waste (GWW), and global work efficiency (GWE) were estimated from LV pressure-strain loops using custom software. Peak LV pressure was estimated non-invasively from brachial artery cuff pressure. LV size, parameters of systolic and diastolic function and ventricular-arterial coupling were measured by echocardiography. As advanced indices of myocardial performance, global longitudinal strain (GLS), global circumferential strain (GCS), and global radial strain (GRS) were obtained. On multivariable analysis, GWI was significantly correlated with GLS (standardized beta-coefficient = −0.23, P < 0.001), ejection fraction (EF) (standardized beta-coefficient = 0.15, P = 0.02), systolic blood pressure (SBP) (standardized beta-coefficient = 0.56, P < 0.001) and GRS (standardized beta-coefficient = 0.19, P = 0.004), while GCW was correlated with GLS (standardized beta-coefficient = −0.55, P < 0.001), SBP (standardized beta-coefficient = 0.71, P < 0.001), GRS (standardized beta-coefficient = 0.11, P = 0.02), and GCS (standardized beta-coefficient = −0.10, P = 0.01). GWE was directly correlated with EF and inversely correlated with Tei index (standardized beta-coefficient = 0.18, P = 0.009 and standardized beta-coefficient = −0.20, P = 0.004, respectively), the opposite occurred for GWW (standardized beta-coefficient =−−0.14, P = 0.03 and standardized beta-coefficient = 0.17, P = 0.01, respectively). Conclusion The non-invasive MW indices show a good correlation with traditional 2DE parameters of myocardial systolic function and myocardial strain.

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Flavell, Carol A., Laurence G. Marshman, and Susan J. Gordon. "Measurement of transversus abdominis activation in chronic low back pain patients using a novel standardized real-time ultrasound imaging method." Ultrasound 27, no. 1 (July 5, 2018): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1742271x18785403.

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Real-time ultrasound imaging (US) to measure abdominal muscle dimensions has aided low back pain rehabilitation and research. Notwithstanding, ultrasound imaging measurement of transversus abdominis muscle activation in chronic low back pain populations has been characterized by variable and generally suboptimal intra-observer reliability. Methodological deficiencies of ‘freehand’ ultrasound imaging are uncontrolled probe–skin pressure, inclination and roll of the probe. Despite previous attempts to standardize these parameters, intra-observer reliability in chronic low back pain was poor to moderate (0.32–0.62). Therefore, a standardized method that controls and records probe force, inclination and roll during ultrasound imaging may optimize measurement reliability in chronic low back pain. This pilot study investigated utility, standardization and intra-observer reliability of ultrasound imaging transversus abdominis thickness measurement in chronic low back pain patients (n = 17). Transversus abdominis imaging over two separate measurement sessions was conducted using a novel method to standardize probe parameters. Resting and contracted transversus abdominis thickness, and transversus abdominis activation measurements were obtained from duplicate paired images (n = 68). Intra-class correlation coefficients were reported with 95% confidence intervals. Transversus abdominis thickness at rest (intra-class correlation coefficient = 0.97 confidence interval: 0.93, 0.99), when contracted (intra-class correlation coefficient = 0.99 confidence interval: 0.97, 0.99) and transversus abdominis activation (intra-class correlation coefficient = 0.93 confidence interval: 0.81, 0.97) measurements were highly reliable. Ultrasound imaging of transversus abdominis using the novel standardized ultrasound imaging method produced highly reliable intra-observer transversus abdominis measurements, superior to ‘freehand’ ultrasound imaging, despite the physical limitations typically associated with a chronic low back pain population. Unique standardizing ranges for ‘probe force device’ probe parameters were obtained. This novel standardized ultrasound imaging method may optimize transversus abdominis activation assessment in chronic low back pain and other populations, aiding future research.

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Ibănescu, Iulian, Petru Roşca, Ioana Sfartz, Gelu Pavel, and Dan Drugociu. "Seasonal variation of some sperm parameters in boars housed in standardized conditions." Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Food Sciences 05, no. 01 (September 1, 2015): 52–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15414/jmbfs.2015.5.1.52-54.

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16

Byrd, Darrin, Rebecca Christopfel, John Buatti, Eduardo Moros, Sadek Nehmeh, Adam Opanowski, and Paul Kinahan. "Multicenter survey of PET/CT protocol parameters that affect standardized uptake values." Journal of Medical Imaging 5, no. 01 (December 8, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.jmi.5.1.011012.

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17

Lim, K., R. McElroy, A. Wong, and G. S. Sandor. "P05.17: Fetal pulmonary artery diameters and ratios standardized for fetal biometric parameters." Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 26, no. 4 (September 2005): 414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/uog.2377.

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18

Samusev, S. V., A. V. Lyuskin, A. I. Romantsov, K. L. Zhigunov, and A. N. Fortunatov. "Calculating tool parameters for standardized welded-pipe groups in edge-bending presses." Steel in Translation 43, no. 5 (May 2013): 236–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0967091213050173.

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19

Nikiforov, A. D., and I. S. Zhukova. "Automatic search system for searching parameters of standardized precision of technical equipment." Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 34, no. 2 (February 1998): 123–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02418172.

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20

Chalifoux, Nolan V., Carl F. Spielvogel, Darko Stefanovski, and Deborah C. Silverstein. "Standardized capillary refill time and relation to clinical parameters in hospitalized dogs." Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care 31, no. 5 (June 28, 2021): 585–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/vec.13088.

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21

Cordeiro, Gauss M., Thiago A. N. De Andrade, Marcelo Bourguignon, and Frank Gomes-Silva. "The Exponentiated Generalized Standardized Half-logistic Distribution." International Journal of Statistics and Probability 6, no. 3 (May 14, 2017): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijsp.v6n3p24.

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We study a new two-parameter lifetime model called the exponentiated generalized standardized half-logistic distribution, which extends the half-logistic pioneered by Balakrishnan in the eighties. We provide explicit expressions for the moments, generating and quantile functions, mean deviations, Bonferroni and Lorenz curves, and order statistics. The model parameters are estimated by the maximum likelihood method. A simulation study reveals that the estimators have desirable properties such as small biases and variances even in moderate sample sizes. We prove empirically that the new distribution provides a better fit to a real data set than other competitive models.

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22

Werner, M. "Can medical decisions be standardized? Should they be?" Clinical Chemistry 39, no. 7 (July 1, 1993): 1361–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/39.7.1361.

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Abstract After a variety of regulatory and payment schemes have failed to stem the rising tide of health care cost, the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1989 mandates the creation of a system of decision rules called practice parameters for appropriate medical action in many circumstances. A large body of practice guidelines already exists, but lacks the internal coherence required of a policy tool. Professional organizations therefore have developed attributes to achieve uniform style. However, little has been said or published about the constraints that might be imposed on the structure and content of an efficient and coherent system. The arguments presented here lead to the following conclusions: (a) process control is an inefficient tool to manage outcome--standards should reflect product control; (b) guidelines that proscribe are more likely to be supported by scientific data and consensus than those that prescribe; (c) the decision thresholds contained in such directives are policy choices rather than scientific imperatives; (d) neither decision analysis nor artificial intelligence is likely to readily influence medical decisions; and (e) as suggested by operations research, the development of practice parameters should concentrate on issues of therapeutic management in preference to issues of diagnostic activity.

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23

Shuaib, Ali, and Ali K. Bourisly. "Photobiomodulation optimization for spinal cord injury rat phantom model." Translational Neuroscience 9, no. 1 (June 22, 2018): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tnsci-2018-0012.

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Abstract Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) causes interruption along the severed axonal tract(s) resulting in complete or partial loss of sensation and motor function. SCI can cause tetraplegia or paraplegia. Both these conditions can have lifelong excessive medical costs, as well as can reduce life expectancy. Preclinical research showed that Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT), also known as Low-level laser (light) therapy (LLLT), possesses reparative and regenerative capabilities that have the potential to be used as a complimentary or supplementary SCI therapy. Despite the promising effects of PBMT, there are still no standardized irradiation parameters (i.e. different wavelengths, power, fluence, irradiance, beam type, beam diameters, and irradiation time) and there is also a lack of standardized experimental protocol(s), which makes it difficult to compare different studies. It is, nonetheless, essential to standardize such irradiation parameters in order to provide better PBMTs. The aim of this study, therefore, is to evaluate the delivery of light in a 3D voxelated SCI rat model for PBMT using different irradiation parameters (wavelengths: 660, 810, and 980 nm; beam types: Gaussian and Flat beam; and beam diameters: 0.04-1.2 cm) using Monte Carlo simulation. This study also aids in providing standardization for preclinical research for PBMT, which will eventually translate into clinical standardization upon clinical research studies and results.

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Hind, Jacqueline, Elizabeth Divyak, Jill Zielinski, Andrew Taylor, Michael Hartman, Ronald Gangnon, and JoAnne Robbins. "Comparison of standardized bariums with varying rheological parameters on swallowing kinematics in males." Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development 49, no. 9 (2012): 1399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1682/jrrd.2011.09.0180.

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25

Lai, Keke. "Estimating Standardized SEM Parameters Given Nonnormal Data and Incorrect Model: Methods and Comparison." Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal 25, no. 4 (January 24, 2018): 600–620. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10705511.2017.1392248.

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26

Okazaki, Shintaro, Hiroki Murai, Hisako Hayashi, Akiko Kawakita, Motoko Yasutomi, and Yusei Ohshima. "Standardized Airway Resistances Are Practical Parameters for Asthmatic Children Who Cannot Perform Spirometry." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 135, no. 2 (February 2015): AB178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2014.12.1517.

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27

Gökpınar, Esra. "Standardized Log-Likelihood Ratio Test for the Equality of Inverse Gaussian Scale Parameters." Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science 43, no. 4 (July 26, 2018): 1705–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40995-018-0617-6.

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28

Süß, Sebastian, Titus Sobisch, Wolfgang Peukert, Dietmar Lerche, and Doris Segets. "Determination of Hansen parameters for particles: A standardized routine based on analytical centrifugation." Advanced Powder Technology 29, no. 7 (July 2018): 1550–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2018.03.018.

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29

Sena, Khemajit, and Surasith Piyasin. "Optimization Parametric Study of Deep Drawing Process for a Standardized Cranial Implant." Advanced Materials Research 335-336 (September 2011): 813–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.335-336.813.

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The purpose of this study is to investigate the optimal process parameters use to fabricated a standardized cranial implant using deep drawing with a titanium mesh sheet. First, the mold for deep drawing, consisting of die, punch, blankholder and blank sheet, was designed within a CAD program. Then the formability of the mold was simulated using FE software. Furthermore, a link between the result of the FE simulation and CAE program was established to determine the best input parameters in the deep drawing system which produced minimal defects (wrinkles and ruptures). The parameters of interest in this study were the overall friction coefficient, blankholder friction coefficient, blankholder force and blank sheet thickness. The results showed the high feasibility of the joint CAE program and optimization procedure to calculate the best input parameters which can reduce time and cost consuming physical tryouts.

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30

Storchak, Rupp, Möhring, and Stehle. "Determination of Johnson–Cook Constitutive Parameters for Cutting Simulations." Metals 9, no. 4 (April 23, 2019): 473. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9040473.

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The Johnson–Cook constitutive equation is very widely used for simulating cutting processes. Different methods are applied for establishing parameters of the constitutive equation. Based on the methods analysed in this study, two algorithms were worked out to determine the constitutive parameters for the prevailing conditions during cutting processes. In the first algorithm, all constitutive parameters were established simultaneously with standardized test methods. In the second algorithm, the constitutive parameters were established separately in accordance with the cutting conditions prevailing in machining processes. The developed methodology was verified with AISI 1045 heat-treatable steel and Ti10V2Fe3Al (Ti-1023) titanium alloy. The two materials were examined in standardized tensile and compression tests with varying strain rates and temperatures. In addition, the kinetic characteristics of the orthogonal cutting process were established. Based on the results obtained by experiment and the algorithms developed, the constitutive parameters for the cutting conditions were calculated. The parameters were used to determine the material model for simulating the orthogonal cutting process. The algorithms developed were verified by comparing the simulated and experimentally determined kinetic cutting characteristics, which confirmed their good quality.

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31

Morales-Espejel, Guillermo E., and Antonio Gabelli. "Rolling bearing performance rating parameters: Review and engineering assessment." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 234, no. 15 (March 24, 2020): 3064–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406220911395.

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The choice of a rolling bearing for a particular application relies on performance rating parameters as the static, the dynamic, and the fatigue limit load of bearings. The values of these parameters define the calculated performance of the bearing. Endurance testing of high-quality rolling bearings has been used for the development of rolling bearing performance standards like the ISO 281 and ISO 76 that are commonly used throughout the industry. However, standard test methods for the measurement and validation of load ratings of rolling bearings are not available in the standards. This leads to the undifferentiated use of the “status of the art” standardized performance to the very large variety of rolling bearing types and qualities that are produced today. The current paper revisits the origin, definition, and development of rolling bearing performance parameters. A numerical study for the determination process of bearing load ratings is carried out. The results are compared with standardized values and values quoted by bearing manufacturers. This provides an overview of the load rating practices that are in use. The limitations and possible improvements of the present methodology are discussed.

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32

Brunner, R., R. A. Widder, P. Walter, H. Borberg, and K. Oette. "Change in Hemorrheological and Biochemical Parameters following Membrane Differential Filtration." International Journal of Artificial Organs 18, no. 12 (December 1995): 794–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039139889501801208.

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Introduction: The elimination of high molecular weight proteins may have a positive influence on disorders of the microcirculation due to an improvement in rheological parameters. We therefore attempted to evaluate the rheological efficacy of membrane differential filtration (MDF). Patients and methods: Ten patients suffering from macular disease underwent MDF. Rheological and biochemical parameters as well as visual acuity were determined one day before and after therapy: The study aimed at a reduction in plasma viscosity, standardized whole blood viscosity at hematocrit 0.45 and erythrocyte aggregation at hematocrit 0.3. Results: Severe side-effects were not observed. The rheological parameters were significantly reduced. In detail the posttreatment values were reduced as compared to the pretreatment values as follows: plasma viscosity 85%, standardised whole blood viscosity 86% (hematocrit 0.45), erythrocyte aggregation 59% (hematocrit 0.3), total protein 81%, IgG 66%, IgA 59%, IgM 33%, alpha-2-macroglobulin 30%, triglycerides 102%, total cholesterol 47%, VLDL cholesterol 94%, LDL cholesterol 33%, HDL cholesterol 62%. Visual acuity was improved in 7/10 patients. Conclusions: MDF is a safe and highly effective method for lowering biochemical and improving rheological parameters which led to improvement in visual acuity. We have already replaced plasma exchange with MDF in our clinical practice of hemorrheological therapy.

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Pain, Oliver, Kylie P. Glanville, Saskia P. Hagenaars, Saskia Selzam, Anna E. Fürtjes, Héléna A. Gaspar, Jonathan R. I. Coleman, et al. "Evaluation of polygenic prediction methodology within a reference-standardized framework." PLOS Genetics 17, no. 5 (May 4, 2021): e1009021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1009021.

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The predictive utility of polygenic scores is increasing, and many polygenic scoring methods are available, but it is unclear which method performs best. This study evaluates the predictive utility of polygenic scoring methods within a reference-standardized framework, which uses a common set of variants and reference-based estimates of linkage disequilibrium and allele frequencies to construct scores. Eight polygenic score methods were tested: p-value thresholding and clumping (pT+clump), SBLUP, lassosum, LDpred1, LDpred2, PRScs, DBSLMM and SBayesR, evaluating their performance to predict outcomes in UK Biobank and the Twins Early Development Study (TEDS). Strategies to identify optimal p-value thresholds and shrinkage parameters were compared, including 10-fold cross validation, pseudovalidation and infinitesimal models (with no validation sample), and multi-polygenic score elastic net models. LDpred2, lassosum and PRScs performed strongly using 10-fold cross-validation to identify the most predictive p-value threshold or shrinkage parameter, giving a relative improvement of 16–18% over pT+clump in the correlation between observed and predicted outcome values. Using pseudovalidation, the best methods were PRScs, DBSLMM and SBayesR. PRScs pseudovalidation was only 3% worse than the best polygenic score identified by 10-fold cross validation. Elastic net models containing polygenic scores based on a range of parameters consistently improved prediction over any single polygenic score. Within a reference-standardized framework, the best polygenic prediction was achieved using LDpred2, lassosum and PRScs, modeling multiple polygenic scores derived using multiple parameters. This study will help researchers performing polygenic score studies to select the most powerful and predictive analysis methods.

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Ghazi, Mustafa, Josiah Rippetoe, Raghuveer Chandrashekhar, and Hongwu Wang. "Focal Vibration Therapy: Vibration Parameters of Effective Wearable Devices." Applied Sciences 11, no. 7 (March 26, 2021): 2969. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11072969.

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Focal vibration therapy can provide neurophysiological benefits. Unfortunately, standardized protocols are non-existent. Previous research presents a wide range of protocols with a wide range of effectiveness. This paper is part of a broader effort to identify effective, standardized protocols for focal vibration therapy. In this study, the authors evaluated the vibration characteristics (frequency and peak-to-peak intensity) of four commercially available focal vibration devices: (1) Vibracool (wearable), (2) Novafon (hand-held), (3) Myovolt 3-actuator (wearable), and (4) Myovolt 2-actuator (wearable). An accelerometer was used for the measurements. Measurements were made under the following two conditions: (a) when the devices were free, i.e., unconstrained vibration, and (b) when the devices were strapped to the human body, i.e., constrained vibration. In the free vibration condition, frequency ranged from 120 to 225 Hz and peak-to-peak amplitude ranged from 2.0 to 7.9 g’s. When the devices were strapped to the body (constrained), vibration amplitude decreased by up to 65.7%. These results identify effective ranges of focal vibration frequency and amplitude. They illustrate the importance of identifying vibration environment, free or constrained, when quoting vibration characteristics. Finally, the inconsistency output of multi-actuator devices is discussed. These results will guide protocol development for focal vibration and potentially better focal vibration devices.

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Tassel, Clément, Cécile Arnaud, Annie Kamdem, Nadia Médejel, Elodie Fauveau, Marc Kulpa, Fouad Madhi, Ralph Epaud, and Francoise Bernaudin. "Correlations Between Lung, Cardiac Functions and Hematologic Parameters in SCA-Chidren." Blood 118, no. 21 (November 18, 2011): 1067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.1067.1067.

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Abstract Abstract 1067 Background: Elevation of tricuspid regurgitant jet velocity (TRJV) predicts high systolic pulmonary artery pressure and early mortality in adults with sickle cell anemia (SCA). To date, few studies have reported the concomitant analysis of lung alterations and high TRJV in SCA-children. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between lung function, TRJV and hematologic parameters in SCA-children. Patients and Methods: SCA-children of the Creteil-CHIC cohort were assessed at steady state on the same day by cardiac echocardiography, pulmonary function tests (PFT), clinical and biological parameters. All data were recorded in the CHIC database. Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1), total lung capacity (TLC) and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) were measured with the single-breath technique. DLCO was adjusted to hemoglobin and to the alveolar volume (KCOc). Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to evaluate factors correlating with TRJV and KCOc and logistic regression was applied to evaluate the risk factors associated with elevated TRJV (≥ 2.5 m/s). Results: A total of 228 check-ups with cardiac and lung assessment, performed in 163 SCA-patients (160 SS, 3 SB0) was analyzed. Check-ups were performed at the median age of 13.2 years (range: 5.7–19.9). Among the 228 check-ups, 151 were performed after intensification (59 on hydroxyurea, 57 on transfusion program and 38 after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). TRJV (median value: 2.2 m/s, range 1.4–3.1) was significantly positively correlated with age (r=0.164, p=0.013), was not correlated with TLC but was significantly and negatively correlated with FVC before b2 (r=−0.145, p=0.03) and after b2 (r=−0.184, p=0.008), FEV1 before b2 (r=−0.213, p=0.001) and after b2 (r=−0.178, p=0.012), FEV1/FVC before b2 (r=23?0.165, p=0.013) and positively correlated with KCOc (r=0.379, p<0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis including age and all significant PFT data retained only KCOc as a significantly correlated factor (standardized beta: 0.390, p<0.001). Among biological parameters, TRJV was not correlated to HbF %, platelets, LDH and proBNP but significantly correlated to hemoglobin, hematocrite, reticulocytes, WBC, neutrophils, HbS %, ASAT and bilirubin. Multiple linear regression including all these biological significant biological parameters retained only reticulocytes as significantly associated with TRJV (standardized beta: 0.361, p=0.008). The addition of KCOc to the model retained reticulocytes (standardized beta: 0.198, p=0.010) and KCOc (standardized beta: 0.327, p<0.001) as significantly correlated. Among the biological parameters significantly correlated with KCOc (hemoglobin, reticulocytes, LDH, WBC, platelets, HbS%, ASAT, bilirubin), multiple linear regression analysis retained HbS% (standardized beta: 0.190, p=0.027) and reticulocytes (standardized beta: 0.212, p=0.014) as significantly and positively independent correlated factors. Elevated TRJV (≥ 2.5 m/s) was observed in 39 patients. Reticulocytes per 1×109/L increase (OR: 1.005; 95% CI:1.001–1.009; p=0.007) and KCOc per 1% increase (OR: 1.022; 95% CI:1.007–1.037; p=0.004) were retained as independent and significant factors associated to the risk of TRJV ≥ 2.5 m/s by multivariate logistic regression. When comparing the check-ups in patients without intensification, only those performed after HSCT showed significantly lower KCOc (p<0.001), reticulocytes (p<0.001) and TRJV (p=0.035) Conclusion: In this study, we confirm that SCA-children have an elevated gas transfer per unit lung volume (KCOc) correlated to hemolysis and HbS%. We show for the first time that an increase in KCOc significantly raises the risk for TRJV ≥ 2.5 m/s, even after adjustment for reticulocytes. Only HSCT, which resulted in significantly lower reticulocytes and KCOc, is significantly associated with lower TRJV. These data are encouraging and suggest that HSCT could be recommended to patients with elevated TRJV Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Zuo, Zhi, Anne Subgang, Alireza Abaei, Wolfgang Rottbauer, Detlef Stiller, Genshan Ma, and Volker Rasche. "Assessment of Longitudinal Reproducibility of Mice LV Function Parameters at 11.7 T Derived from Self-Gated CINE MRI." BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8392952.

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The objective of this work was the assessment of the reproducibility of self-gated cardiac MRI in mice at ultra-high-field strength. A group of adult mice (n=5) was followed over 360 days with a standardized MR protocol including reproducible animal position and standardized planning of the scan planes. From the resulting CINE MRI data, global left ventricular (LV) function parameters including end-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV), stroke volume (SV), ejection fraction (EF), and left ventricular mass (LVM) were quantified. The reproducibility of the self-gated technique as well as the intragroup variability and longitudinal changes of the investigated parameters was assessed. Self-gated cardiac MRI proved excellent reproducibility of the global LV function parameters, which was in the order of the intragroup variability. Longitudinal assessment did not reveal any significant variations for EDV, ESV, SV, and EF but an expected increase of the LVM with increasing age. In summary, self-gated MRI in combination with a standardized protocol for animal positioning and scan plane planning ensures reproducible assessment of global LV function parameters.

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De Mare, L., B. Boshuizen, L. Plancke, C. De Meeûs, M. De Bruijn, and C. Delesalle. "Standardized exercise tests in horses: current situation and future perspectives." Vlaams Diergeneeskundig Tijdschrift 86, no. 2 (April 28, 2017): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/vdt.v86i2.16290.

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The purpose of this literature review is to clarify how exercise capacity can be measured in horses and which standardized exercise tests (SETs) exist. In this review, the measurement of the exercise capacity of horses is discussed and the standardized exercise tests (SET) are described. Two main types of SETs are used. Laboratory or treadmill tests are easy to standardize and provide more options to use all kinds of measuring devices, since the horse stays on the treadmill. On the other hand, field tests are conducted under the natural conditions associated with the specific sports discipline, and are easier to implement in the training schedule. However, field tests encompass interfering variables, such as weather conditions, ground surface conditions and the rider or jockey. Several variables are measured in order to calculate the fitness level which may be expressed by different parameters, such as V200 (speed at a heart rate of 200 beats per minute), Vla4 (speed at a blood lactic acid level of 4 mmol/L) and VO2max (maximum oxygen uptake).

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Barndorff-Nielsen, O. E. "Inference on Full or Partial Parameters Based on the Standardized Signed Log Likelihood Ratio." Biometrika 73, no. 2 (August 1986): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2336207.

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Markov, B. N., P. N. Emel’yanov, A. V. Glubokov, and A. V. Shulepov. "Method for calculating three-dimensional functional parameters of surface roughness, standardized by ISO standards." Izmeritel`naya Tekhnika, no. 2 (2018): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32446/0368-1025it.2018-2-23-27.

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Ribeiro, RA, EG Bertoldi, LF Leal, and SF Stella. "Lack Of Standardized Methods For Handling Multiples Sources For Model Parameters: A Systematic Review." Value in Health 20, no. 9 (October 2017): A857. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2017.08.2456.

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Montezano, Débora Goulart, Alexandre Specht, Daniel Ricardo Sosa-Gómez, Vânia Ferreira Roque-Specht, Silvana Vieira de Paula-Moraes, Julie A. Peterson, and Thomas E. Hunt. "Developmental Parameters of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Immature Stages Under Controlled and Standardized Conditions." Journal of Agricultural Science 11, no. 8 (June 15, 2019): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n8p76.

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The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1797), is the most important noctuid pest in the Americas and has recently become an invasive pest in Africa and in India. Having a detailed and standardized record of the biology and the larval development of S. frugiperda will be critical to further studies on integrated pest management, toxicology, and applied ecology. This study reports the temporal and morphological parameters of the immature stages of S. frugiperda for larvae fed on artificial diet under controlled conditions (25±1 °C, 70±10% RH and 14 hour photophase). The survival of the egg, larval, prepupal and pupal stages was 97.40, 98.33, 99.32 and 97.95%, respectively. The average duration of the egg, larval, prepupal and pupal stages were 2.69, 13.73, 1.43, and 9.24 days, respectively. All larvae passed through six instars, with significantly slower larval development for females. However, females had faster pupal development and heavier pupae, thus total time from egg to adult was not significantly different between sexes. With the growing importance of this highly polyphagous species, centralizing the fragmented information in the literature and standardizing its rearing methods will improve and facilitate future studies on this pest.

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Segovia-Eulogio, Enrique G., Jennifer Torres, Jesús Carbajo, Jaime Ramis, and Jorge P. Arenas. "Determination of the elastic parameters of a material from a standardized dynamic stiffness testing." Journal of Sound and Vibration 460 (November 2019): 114885. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2019.114885.

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Kaiser, Andreas. "Estimating turnover, movements and capture parameters of resting passerines in standardized capture-recapture studies." Journal of Applied Statistics 22, no. 5-6 (November 1995): 1039–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02664769524784.

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BARNDORFF-NIELSEN, O. E. "Infereni on full or partial parameters based on the standardized signed log likelihood ratio." Biometrika 73, no. 2 (1986): 307–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biomet/73.2.307.

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Khadka, Narayan, and Bharat Ratra. "Determining the range of validity of quasar X-ray and UV flux measurements for constraining cosmological model parameters." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 502, no. 4 (February 20, 2021): 6140–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab486.

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ABSTRACT We use six different cosmological models to study the recently released compilation of X-ray and UV flux measurements of 2038 quasars (QSOs) which span the redshift range 0.009 ≤ z ≤ 7.5413. We find, for the full QSO data set, that the parameters of the X-ray and UV luminosities LX−LUV relation used to standardize these QSOs depend on the cosmological model used to determine these parameters, i.e. it appears that the full QSO data set includes QSOs that are not standardized and so cannot be used for the purpose of constraining cosmological parameters. Subsets of the QSO data, restricted to redshifts z ≲ 1.5–1.7 obey the LX−LUV relation in a cosmological-model-independent manner, and so can be used to constrain cosmological parameters. The cosmological constraints from these lower z, smaller QSO data subsets are mostly consistent with, but significantly weaker than, those that follow from baryon acoustic oscillation and Hubble parameter measurements.

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Hulett, Jennifer M., Kristen L. Fessele, Margaret F. Clayton, and Linda H. Eaton. "Rigor and Reproducibility: A Systematic Review of Salivary Cortisol Sampling and Reporting Parameters Used in Cancer Survivorship Research." Biological Research For Nursing 21, no. 3 (March 11, 2019): 318–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099800419835321.

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Salivary cortisol is a commonly used biomarker in cancer survivorship research; however, variations in sampling protocols and parameter reporting limit comparisons across studies. Standardized practices to provide rigor and reproducibility of diurnal salivary cortisol sampling and reporting are not well established. Previous systematic reviews examining relationships between diurnal salivary cortisol and clinical outcomes have resulted in mixed findings. It remains unclear which sampling protocols and reporting parameters offer the greatest utility for clinical research. This review examines diurnal salivary cortisol sampling protocols and reporting parameters to evaluate whether a standardized approach is recommended. A comprehensive search of intervention studies among adult cancer survivors including diurnal salivary cortisol resulted in 30 articles for review. Sampling protocols ranged from 1 to 4 days with the majority of studies sampling cortisol for 2 days. Sampling instances ranged from 2 to 7 times per day, with the majority collecting at 4 time points per day. Diurnal cortisol slope and cortisol awakening response (CAR) were the most commonly reported parameters associated with clinical outcomes. Flattened cortisol slopes, blunted CARs, and elevated evening cortisol concentrations were associated with poorer psychosocial and physiological outcomes. Based on our review, we propose that a rigorous, standardized diurnal salivary cortisol sampling protocol should include sampling at key diurnal times across ≥3 consecutive days to report diurnal cortisol parameters (i.e., CAR and slope) and objective measures of participant protocol adherence. Diminishing budgetary resources and efforts to minimize participant burden dictate the importance of standardized cortisol sampling protocols and reporting parameters.

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Persson, A., T. B. Brismar, C. Lundström, N. Dahlström, F. Othberg, and Ö. Smedby. "Standardized volume rendering for magnetic resonance angiography measurements in the abdominal aorta." Acta Radiologica 47, no. 2 (March 2006): 172–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02841850500445298.

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Purpose: To compare three methods for standardizing volume rendering technique (VRT) protocols by studying aortic diameter measurements in magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) datasets. Material and Methods: Datasets from 20 patients previously examined with gadolinium-enhanced MRA and with digital subtraction angiography (DSA) for abdominal aortic aneurysm were retrospectively evaluated by three independent readers. The MRA datasets were viewed using VRT with three different standardized transfer functions: the percentile method (Pc-VRT), the maximum-likelihood method (ML-VRT), and the partial range histogram method (PRH-VRT). The aortic diameters obtained with these three methods were compared with freely chosen VRT parameters (F-VRT) and with maximum intensity projection (MIP) concerning inter-reader variability and agreement with the reference method DSA. Results: F-VRT parameters and PRH-VRT gave significantly higher diameter values than DSA, whereas Pc-VRT gave significantly lower values than DSA. The highest interobserver variability was found for F-VRT parameters and MIP, and the lowest for Pc-VRT and PRH-VRT. All standardized VRT methods were significantly superior to both MIP and F-VRT in this respect. The agreement with DSA was best for PRH-VRT, which was the only method with a mean error below 1 mm and which also had the narrowest limits of agreement (95% of cases between 2.1 mm below and 3.1 mm above DSA). Conclusion: All the standardized VRT methods compare favorably with MIP and VRT with freely selected parameters as regards interobserver variability. The partial range histogram method, although systematically overestimating vessel diameters, gives results closest to those of DSA.

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Bertranpetit, J., and A. Marin. "Demographic Parameters and Twinning: A Study in Catalonia, Spain." Acta geneticae medicae et gemellologiae: twin research 37, no. 2 (April 1988): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001566000004037.

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AbstractTwinning rates for the years 1975-79 in Catalonia (Spain) are presented. Crude rates are very low: 7.62 per 1,000 maternities, the DZTR and the MZTR being 3.74 and 3.88 respectively. Standardized rates remain very low. Sex ratio among twin couples is also very low (0.49 male vs 0.51 female births). A multiple linear stepwise regression on the twinning rates shows MZ rates to be influenced by birth order and father's age, and the DZ rates by mother's age and birth order.

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Hendriks, Henriëtte Alice, Wouter Kortlandt, and Willem Marius Verweij. "Standardized Comparison of Processing Capacity and Efficiency of Five New-Generation Immunoassay Analyzers." Clinical Chemistry 46, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/46.1.105.

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Abstract Background: With the trend toward laboratory and workstation consolidation, more studies are necessary to evaluate instrumentation, solutions for coping with workflow and test diversity, and opportunities for increasing the overall efficiency of laboratory testing. We assessed the processing capacity and efficiency of new-generation immunoassay analyzers by determining productivity parameters of five commercially available systems. Methods: A workload protocol was developed and used to assess processing capacity and efficiency parameters of five immunoassay analyzers under standardized conditions in a real-life routine situation. We studied the ACS:Centaur® (analyzer A), ArchitectTMi2000 (analyzer B), Elecsys® 2010 tandem (analyzer C), Immulite® 2000 (analyzer D), and Vitros ECi (analyzer E) on the basis of a standardized workload protocol that reflected a routine laboratory situation. This workload encompassed reflex and STAT testing, dilutions, and in-run calibration of a new reagent lot number. The analyzers were compared for hands-on labor time, unattended time (UT), throughput, and differentiated relative productivity indexes [RPI(UT); number of reportable results/(processing time − sum of unattended time)]. The RPI data for analyzers linked to an automated (aut) sample-handling system [RPI(aut)] were also calculated. Results: The evaluation produced a set of parameters for the productivity of the instruments. An overview of the most important parameters revealed the following: the throughput was 193, 123, 97, 109, and 46 tests/hour for instruments A, B, C, D and E, respectively; the RPI(10) was 425, 238, 161, 445, and 151 tests/operator-hour; the RPI(30) was 229, 136, 118, 264, and 86 tests/operator-hour; the RPI(10,aut) was 1701, 637, 235, 964, and 223 tests/operator-hour; and the RPI(30,aut) was 298, 150, 174, 400, and 114 tests/operator-hour. Conclusions: The combination of a standardized workload protocol and determination of parameters for productivity and labor efficiency, especially the differentiated RPIs, made it possible to make an objective comparison of the organizational consequences of the use of these instruments. The described parameters allow for a scientifically based choice, given a certain workflow and a particular laboratory organization.

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Martin, J. G. A., and F. Pelletier. "Measuring growth patterns in the field: effects of sampling regime and methods on standardized estimates." Canadian Journal of Zoology 89, no. 6 (June 2011): 529–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z11-018.

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Although mixed effects models are widely used in ecology and evolution, their application to standardized traits that change within season or across ontogeny remains limited. Mixed models offer a robust way to standardize individual quantitative traits to a common condition such as body mass at a certain point in time (within a year or across ontogeny), or parturition date for a given climatic condition. Currently, however, most researchers use simple linear models to accomplish this task. We use both empirical and simulated data to underline the application of mixed models for standardizing trait values to a common environment for each individual. We show that mixed model standardizations provide more accurate estimates of mass parameters than linear models for all sampling regimes and especially for individuals with few repeated measures. Our simulations and analyses on empirical data both confirm that mixed models provide a better way to standardize trait values for individuals with repeated measurements compared with classical least squares regression. Linear regression should therefore be avoided to adjust or standardize individual measurements

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