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Journal articles on the topic 'Standardization of the procedure'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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1

Fukami, Yoshiaki. "Standardization Procedure for Data Exchange." Information 11, no. 6 (June 25, 2020): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info11060339.

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Common specification of data promotes data exchange among many and unspecified individuals and organizations. However, standardization itself tends to discourage innovation that can create new uses of data. To overcome this dilemma of innovation and standardization, this paper analyzes and proposes hypotheses regarding the process through which the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) has realized innovations such as web applications by updating the standard. I hypothesize the following changes in standardization process management at the W3C as key factors supporting innovation through standardization among stakeholders with conflicting interests: (1) defining the scope of the specifications to be developed according to functions instead of technical structures; (2) design of a development management policy based on feedback from implementations, referred to as an “implementation-oriented policy”; (3) inclusion of diversified stakeholders in open standardization processes that facilitate consensus formation and the diffusion of developed standards; and (4) adopting a royalty-free to encourage third-party developers to implement proposed specifications and advance update of proposals. This single case analysis leads to the development and diffusion of common technological data specifications, which are the driving factors for innovation utilizing big data generated by exchanging data of various origins.

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Lee, Myung Jae. "Improvement of Shear Connection Design Procedure using Connections Standardization Database." Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction 26, no. 2 (2014): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.7781/kjoss.2014.26.2.081.

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Janssens, J., and G. Vantrappen. "Standardization of procedure of esophageal manometry." Digestive Diseases and Sciences 36, no. 9 (September 1991): 33S—36S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01300593.

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Cheung, Gordon W., and Roger B. Rensvold. "Testing Factorial Invariance across Groups: A Reconceptualization and Proposed New Method." Journal of Management 25, no. 1 (February 1999): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014920639902500101.

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Many cross-cultural researchers are concerned with factorial invariance; that is, with whether or not members of different cultures associate survey items, or similar measures, with similar constructs. Researchers usually test items for factorial invariance using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). CFA, however, poses certain problems that must be dealt with. Primary among them is standardization, the process that assigns units of measurement to the constructs (latent variables). Two standardization procedures and several minor variants have been reported in the literature, but using these procedures when testing for factorial invariance can lead to inaccurate results. In this paper we review basic theory, and propose an extension of Byrne, Shavelson, and Muthgn’s (1989) procedure for identifying non-invariant items. The extended procedure solves the standardization problem by performing a systematic comparison of all pairs of factor loadings across groups. A numerical example based upon a large published data set is presented to illustrate the utility of the new procedure, particularly with regard to partial factorial invariance.

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Guo, Han Ding, Xing Wei, Yin Xian Zhang, En Hai Hao, and Li Zheng Lei. "The Standardization of Government Supervision Procedure in Construction Engineering Quality (Security)." Advanced Materials Research 712-715 (June 2013): 891–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.712-715.891.

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Government supervision in construction engineering quality (security) is the government enforcement supervision, whose seriousness; legality and authority are on basis of an orderly supervision procedure. We should ensure the standardization of implementation plan for supervision early days and strengthen the standardization of implementation process in mid-term, even control the standardization of implementation results later period. To sum up, it includes handling supervision procedures strictly, choosing supervisory personnel scientifically, defining supervision scheme reasonably, informing supervision parts definitely, listening to the subject reports seriously, choosing selective examination project randomly, implementing site inspection, uploading supervision records timely, issuing treatment notice directly, completing supervision report form etc. To standard surveillance behavior via scientific and reasonable supervision procedure, it could improve the validity of monitoring and high efficiency, and achieve the scientific nature and purpose of government supervision procedure in construction engineering quality (security).

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Bentley, Nokome, Terese H. Kendrick, Paul J. Starr, and Paul A. Breen. "Influence plots and metrics: tools for better understanding fisheries catch-per-unit-effort standardizations." ICES Journal of Marine Science 69, no. 1 (November 9, 2011): 84–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsr174.

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Abstract Bentley, N., Kendrick, T. H., Starr, P. J., and Breen, P. A. 2012. Influence plots and metrics: tools for better understanding fisheries catch-per-unit-effort standardizations. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 84–88. Standardization of catch per unit effort using generalized linear models (GLMs) is a common procedure that attempts to remove the confounding effects of variables other than abundance. Simple plots and metrics are described to assist understanding the standardization effects of explanatory variables included in GLMs, illustrated with an example based on New Zealand trevally (Caranx lutescens) data.

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Fischer, Ronald, and Taciano L. Milfont. "Standardization in psychological research." International Journal of Psychological Research 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2010): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21500/20112084.852.

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The term standardization has been used in a number of different ways in psychological research, mainly in relation to standardization of procedure, standardization of interpretation and standardization of scores. The current paper will discuss the standardization of scores in more detail. Standardization of scores is a common praxis in settings where researchers are concerned with different response styles, issues of faking or social desirability. In these contexts, scores are transformed to increase validity prior to data analysis. In this paper, we will outline a broad taxonomy of standardization methods, will discuss when and how scores can be standardized, and what statistical tests are available after the transformation. Simple step-by-step procedures and examples of syntax files for SPSS are provided. Applications for personality, organizational and cross-cultural psychology will be discussed. Limitations of these techniques are discussed, especially in terms of theoretical interpretation of the transformed scores and use of such scores with multivariate statistics.

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Takahashi, A., and the department of general surgery. "Clinical impact of standardization of open hepatectomy procedure." HPB 20 (September 2018): S423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hpb.2018.06.2779.

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9

Lie, Anne Kveim. "Producing Standards, Producing the Nordic Region: Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing, from 1950–1970." Science in Context 27, no. 2 (April 29, 2014): 215–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889714000052.

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ArgumentDuring the 1950s it became apparent that antibiotics could not conquer all microbes, and a series of tests were developed to assess the susceptibility of microbes to antibiotics. This article explores the development and standardization of one such testing procedure which became dominant in the Nordic region, and how the project eventually failed in the late 1970s. The standardization procedures amounted to a comprehensive scheme, standardizing not only the materials used, but also the methods and the interpretation of the results. Focusing on Sweden and Norway in particular, the article shows how this comprehensive standardization procedure accounted for several co-dependent factors and demanded collaboration within and across laboratories. Whereas literature on standardization has focused mostly on how facts and artefacts move within and across laboratories, I argue for the importance of also attending to regions and territories. More particularly, while arguing that the practices, ideals, and politics related to what have been called the “Nordic welfare state” were contributing to the design of the standardized procedure in the laboratory, I also argue that Scandinavia was drawn together as a unified region with and by these very same practices.

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Miller, W. Greg, Linda M. Thienpont, Katleen Van Uytfanghe, Penelope M. Clark, Patrik Lindstedt, Göran Nilsson, and Michael W. Steffes. "Toward Standardization of Insulin Immunoassays." Clinical Chemistry 55, no. 5 (May 1, 2009): 1011–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2008.118380.

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Abstract Background: Measurement of circulating insulin may improve the classification and management of diabetes mellitus and assist in treating people with insulin resistance. Methods: A work group convened by the American Diabetes Association evaluated results for a panel of 39 single donor sera measured by 10 commercial insulin methods from 9 manufacturers against an isotope dilution–liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (IDMS) measurement procedure calibrated using purified recombinant insulin. We used a candidate primary (pure substance) reference material, pooled serum, and single donor sera to evaluate approaches to achieve improved agreement of results between the routine and reference measurement procedures. Results: Four of 10 methods had ≥95% of individual serum results within 32% of the IDMS concentrations. However, the bias vs IDMS was more than 15.5% for 7 of 10 methods in 36%–100% of individual samples. A purified recombinant insulin preparation used as a common calibrator did not improve harmonization of results among routine methods but was not used as instructed by all participants. Calibration using serum pools achieved bias <15.5% for nearly all results in the concentration range covered by the pools (>60 pmol/L). Calibration using a panel of individual sera was the most effective to improve harmonization of results over the full measuring range. Conclusions: Agreement among methods can be improved by establishing traceability to the IDMS procedure using a panel of native sera. Pooled sera may be useful as trueness control materials. The usefulness of the pure insulin primary reference material [candidate reference material for insulin (cRMI)] requires clarification of protocols used by manufacturers.

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Mesaros, Anca Stefania, Gabriel Furtos, Michaela F. Mesaros, and Mindra E. Badea. "Enabling Standardization in Shear Bond Strength Tests for Orthodontic Adhesives on Natural Teeth by Using an Innovative Grip Accessory for the Testing Machine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 568-570 (June 2014): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.568-570.121.

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Shear Bond Strength testing is one of the most common used tests for Orthodontics Adhesives. However, the standardizations of such procedures is quite difficult due to a large number of factors. While scientists are designing their studies in order to reduce errors, sometime they may find themselves in front of technical difficulties. A custom device was developed in order to allow a testing procedure that is closer to in vitro conditions. The device, mounted on a material testing machine permits sample inclination to a degree that reduces tensile component to the shear stress, therefore more accurate readings of the values are available and standardization of shear bond testing procedures is more probable.

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Haines, Kevin, Nicole Schmidt, Petra Jansma, and Wander Lowie. "EMBEDding the CEFR in academic writing assessment." Dutch Journal of Applied Linguistics 2, no. 1 (May 6, 2013): 77–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dujal.2.1.08hai.

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The CEFR is increasingly being used as the framework of choice for the assessment of language proficiency at universities across Europe. However, to attain consistent assessment, familiarization and standardization are essential. In this paper we report a case study of embedding a standardization procedure in writing assessment activities at the University of Groningen. The project shows the value of standardization procedures within the CEFR and reports on the difficulty of finding consistently assessed ‘flat’ samples. Moreover, it reports on the desirability to scaffold teacher training sessions using flat samples with less ‘even’ samples.

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Andrefsky, William. "Numerical Types and Inspectional Types: Evaluating Shape Characterization Procedures." North American Archaeologist 7, no. 2 (October 1986): 95–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/gj1x-7fyn-5g9t-klwj.

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Projectile point data are used in testing and evaluating various numerical shape classification procedures. Inspectional point types play the role of a control population while clustering algorithms, attribute section, and standardization techniques are tested. The most effective numerical procedure identified for the classification of projectile point form is a combination of k-means analysis, ratio scale measurements between attributes, and standardization of interval measures to a mean of zero and standard deviation of one.

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Xu, Xu Dong, Guang Jun Li, Zhan Chong Wei, and Fang Xue Li. "Customizing Procedure of Finite Element Analysis for Sheet Metal Forming." Advanced Materials Research 933 (May 2014): 212–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.933.212.

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Based on Pam-Stamp software platform, standardization procedure of finite element analysis for sheet metal forming was customized by set up module such as model building, meshing, setting of boundary conditions, calculation submitting, viewing of results and report generating. Standardization procedure has been successfully applied in the development of new products, which shortens the preparation cycle of procedure, improves the forming quality of the parts and enhances the capability for rapidly researching and developing.

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Cho, Sungsoo, Kyoungyoul Kim, Hyungi Choi, and Hyoungsoo Kim. "Implementation and Standardization of an IPTV Terminal Provisioning Procedure." Journal of Korea Information and Communications Society 37C, no. 12 (December 28, 2012): 1230–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.7840/kics.2012.37c.12.1230.

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Shanshanwal, SujitJ S., RachitaS Dhurat, and AmeetL Dandale. "Standardization of SMP procedure and its impact on outcome." Journal of Cutaneous and Aesthetic Surgery 10, no. 3 (2017): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jcas.jcas_116_16.

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Dolenec, Aleš, Ivan Milinović, Vesna Babić, and Dražan Dizdar. "Test UHCJ20m—Measurement Procedure Standardization and Metric Characteristics Determination." Sensors 20, no. 14 (July 17, 2020): 3971. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20143971.

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The purpose of the research study was to standardize the measurement procedure and determine the reliability, homogeneity, and sensitivity of a 20 m unilateral horizontal cyclic jump test (UHCJ20m) whose intentional (assumed) measurement aim is the lower extremities’ explosive strength. The subject sample consisted of 31 students from Zagreb University (20.68 ± 1.96 years of age, height 185.16 ± 7.19 cm, body mass 79.48 ± 9.23 kg) actively involved in various sports events. The UHCJ20m test was performed three times using a dominant (take-off) leg with an active rest of 15 min between the repetitions. The results showed that the UHCJ20m test had satisfactory sensitivity and a very high reliability: Cronbach α = 0.95, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.94 and homogeneity average intertrial correlation (AVR) = 0.88. Future research studies should be aimed at determining the metric characteristics of the UHCJ20m test with a population of athletes in sports characterized by start acceleration and maximum speed running.

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Liu, Y., and D. B. Hoang. "OSI remote procedure call: Standardization issues, design and implementation." Computer Communications 20, no. 6 (July 1997): 462–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-3664(97)00042-x.

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Guo, Han Ding, Si Wen Cui, Yin Xian Zhang, Jun Xue Zeng, and Wei Jing. "The Standardization of Government Supervision Implementation Content in Construction Engineering Quality (Security)." Applied Mechanics and Materials 411-414 (September 2013): 2423–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.411-414.2423.

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Government supervision in construction engineering quality (security) is the government enforcement supervision, whose seriousness, legality and authority cant live without normalization of supervision implementation content. We should ensure the standardization of supervision project and set up the standardization of supervision implementation methods, even guarantee standardization of supervision implementation result. The standardization of supervision project mainly includes supervision project category, supervisory object, all kinds of engineering entity supervise project and completion acceptance supervision etc; the standardization of supervision implementation methods mainly includes construction bodies report procedure and content, supervision information platform establishing, regulations of the random spot check and supervision tools etc; the standardization of supervision implementation result mainly includes standardization of table styles, supervision record reliability, supervision materials complete and clear, supervision results scientific dealt with and quality supervision report normative and rich etc. To ensure the validity of supervision via strict, scientific and effective supervision, it could achieve the scientific nature and purpose of government supervision procedure in construction engineering quality (security).

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Вапнярская, Ольга, and Olga Vapnyarskaya. "Standardization in service audit." Servis Plus 8, no. 4 (December 3, 2014): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/6464.

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The authors of the article studied opportunities and prospects of development of the enterprise service standards complex and defined the components of this complex. It appears that the service standards complex is necessary also for service audit. In the article the service audit is considered as a part of internal audit system and as a part of voluntary external audit. Due to this, it is necessary to ensure the continuity of practice of these types of audit with reference to the developed methodology of service audit. It is expected that the service audit is directed at the assessment of completeness of the service provided by the company and its conformity with needs of consumers. The proposal of the service audit conception presupposes the necessity to define what objects are to be standardized, what set of standards are to be created in order to conduct service audit and achieve representative results. Therefore, the authors presented the results of comparative analysis of development of inner audit methodology with regard to its procedures and principles standardization. The article comprises the main principles of service audit standardization that includes analogue method. Particularly, it was proved that it was expedient to single out the service standards complex and the complex of principles (standards) of service audit conduction. According to the authors, the first group includes service standards of various stages of the proposed product lifespan. The complex of principles (standards) of service audit constitutes the standards that allow to define the object and the subject of service audit, auditor requirements, the procedure of preparation and implementation of a service audit program, requirements for service audit results report etc.

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Kim, Bum Tae, Sung Jin Choi, Won Han Shin, Soon Kwan Choi, and Bark Jang Byun. "Analysis of Inpatients by Standardization for Disease and Surgical Procedure." Journal of Korean Society of Medical Informatics 5, no. 2 (1999): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4258/jksmi.1999.5.2.33.

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Elena, Stoica. "National Identity as Core Concept for the European Standardization Procedure." Procedia Economics and Finance 39 (2016): 458–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(16)30349-5.

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Bosman, I. "Standardization procedure for the in vitro skin permeation of anticholinergics." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 169, no. 1 (June 30, 1998): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-5173(98)00106-9.

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Tudor, Katarina I., Damir Petravić, Magdalena Krbot Skorić, and Velimir Išgum. "Need for Thorough Standardization of CO2 Laser Evoked Potential Procedure." Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology 35, no. 6 (November 2018): 485–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/wnp.0000000000000502.

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Kapur, Ajay, David Barbee, Yijan Cao, Abolghassem Jamshidi, and Louis Potters. "Policy and procedure manuals: Does existence imply standardization in practice?" Journal of Clinical Oncology 32, no. 30_suppl (October 20, 2014): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2014.32.30_suppl.275.

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275 Background: Patient safety organizations recommend the use of policy and procedure manuals (PPM) to effectuate standards and guidelines in practice. In this work we explored inter-physicist variability in the interpretation of five established physics policies amongst physicists in our department. Methods: The policies for treatment planning, 2nd physics checks, 1st day physics checks, weekly chart checks and final physics checks were reviewed by members of the quality management team in our department. Specific definitive statements were extracted into a spreadsheet and provided to 11 physicists and 6 dosimetrists. The intent was to obtain individual responses on adherence to the statements and thereby assess the level of standardization in perception and practice amongst the staff using free-margin kappa statistics. The responses were limited to affirmation, rejection or non-applicability. A total of 732 responses were assessed. Results: Based on the Landis-and-Koch criteria for interpretation of kappa values, the consistency amongst the respondents varied from moderate (0.40-0.60) to good (0.60-0.80). The kappa scores for the statements assessed were 0.56 for treatment planning, 0.64 for second physics check, 0.70 for the first day physics check, 0.54 for the weekly physics check and 0.73 for the final physics check. Conclusions: Validating the effectiveness of PPMs by measuring uniformity in staff interpretation is an important step in establishing their effectiveness. Mere existence of a PPM may not be sufficient. This work demonstrated reasonable uniformity of interpretation of existing policies, but underscored the need for further improvement. The review of specific policy statements with weaker consensus may lead to more effective revisions and in-servicing to enhance clarity and reduce ambiguity, re-testable using the same approach. Absence of validation will tend to retain ambiguity, thereby rendering the policy not as effective as it could be.

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Hwang, Humor, Jung-Hoon Kim, and Bong-Hee Moon. "Advanced Procedure and Computing System for Standardization of IEC Terminologies." Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 65, no. 3 (March 1, 2016): 388–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5370/kiee.2016.65.3.388.

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Guibaud, L. "Fetal cerebral ventricular measurement and ventriculomegaly: time for procedure standardization." Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 34, no. 2 (August 2009): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/uog.6456.

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Hanley, Quentin S., and V. Ramkumar. "An Internal Standardization Procedure for Spectrally Resolved Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging." Applied Spectroscopy 59, no. 2 (February 2005): 261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702053085142.

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Dietrich, G., D. Weber, and V. Kretschmer. "The In Vitro Bleeding Test: Standardization of the methodical procedure." LaboratoriumsMedizin 17, no. 7-8 (January 1993): 317–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/labm.1993.17.7-8.317.

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Elena, Stoica. "National Identity as Core Concept for the European Standardization Procedure." Advances in Economics and Business 4, no. 8 (August 2016): 436–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.13189/aeb.2016.040806.

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Fortney, C. A., R. McKinnon, J. Carey, and N. Janakiraman. "Standardization of CD34 Testing Is Needed for Pheresis Procedure Determination." Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation 17, no. 2 (February 2011): S321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbmt.2010.12.500.

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Parit, Mahesh, Burak Aksoy, and Zhihua Jiang. "Towards standardization of laboratory preparation procedure for uniform cellulose nanopapers." Cellulose 25, no. 5 (March 21, 2018): 2915–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10570-018-1759-6.

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García-Villarreal, Ovidio A. "Standardization in maze procedure: a step towards a better future." Journal of Thoracic Disease 10, S33 (November 2018): S3887—S3889. http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/jtd.2018.08.131.

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Kratzsch, Juergen, Nikola A. Baumann, Ferruccio Ceriotti, Zhong X. Lu, Matthias Schott, Antonius E. van Herwaarden, José Gilberto Henriques Vieira, Dusanka Kasapic, and Luca Giovanella. "Global FT4 immunoassay standardization: an expert opinion review." Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) 59, no. 6 (December 24, 2020): 1013–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2020-1696.

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Abstract Objectives Results can vary between different free thyroxine (FT4) assays; global standardization would improve comparability of results between laboratories, allowing development of common clinical decision limits in evidence-based guidelines. Content We summarize the path to standardization of FT4 assays, and challenges associated with FT4 testing in special populations, including the need for collaborative efforts toward establishing population-specific reference intervals. The International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine Committee for Standardization of Thyroid Function Tests has undertaken FT4 immunoassay method comparison and recalibration studies and developed a reference measurement procedure that is currently being validated. Further studies are needed to establish common reference intervals/clinical decision limits. Standardization of FT4 assays will change test results substantially; therefore, a major education program will be required to ensure stakeholders are aware of the benefits of FT4 standardization, planned transition procedure, and potential clinical impact of the changes. Assay recalibration by manufacturers and approval process simplification by regulatory authorities will help minimize the clinical impact of standardization. Summary Significant progress has been made toward standardization of FT4 testing, but technical and logistical challenges remain. Outlook Collaborative efforts by manufacturers, laboratories, and clinicians are required to achieve successful global standardization of the FT4 assays.

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Monem Ibrahim, Ahmed Abdel, Ahmed Elgeidie, and Nabil Gadelhak. "Laparoscopic gastric plication: towards standardization." International Surgery Journal 5, no. 1 (December 26, 2017): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20175899.

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Background: Laparoscopic gastric plication (LGP) is a restrictive bariatric procedure which was found to be safe, effective and economic as well. However, it hasn't a good reputation among some bariatric surgeons due to some reasons; the most important of them is lack of standardization. Objective of the present stud was to study propose a standardized technique for LGP aiming at a better outcome. Setting. Settings: University-affiliated hospital.Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent LGP by the proposed technique., using seromuscular bites with non-absorbable thread, adoption of the four-bite technique, and calibration using bougie.Results: Eighty-eight consecutive morbidly obese patients had been operated by the proposed standardized technique of LGP between March 2010 and September 2014. There were 19 men and 69 women, with a mean age of 30.3 years and a mean BMI of 36.7kg/m2 (range 32-51kg/m2). The most frequently reported complication was prolonged early postoperative nausea/vomiting occurred in 5 of 88 (5.7%) patients. Weight regain was reported in one patient who was treated with conversion of LGP to laparoscopic mini-gastric bypass. Hospital stay was prolonged for a mean of 6.0 (3 -10 days). Postoperative follow-up period ranged from 2 to 38 months with a mean of 15 months. Percentage of excess weight loss was 38.2%, 52.0%, and 63.1% at 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively.Conclusions: The proposed technique of LGP would help in standardization of the procedure in order to improve the outcome; however, the clinical application of this proposed standardized technique should be tested by future studies.

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Bouveresse, Eric, Chiara Casolino, and Désiré-Luc Massart. "Assessing the Validity of Near-Infrared Monochromator Calibrations over Time." Applied Spectroscopy 52, no. 4 (April 1998): 604–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702981943941.

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A procedure to check the validity of near-infrared calibration models over time is proposed. Validation samples are analyzed at regular time intervals by both near-infrared and reference methods in order to check the validity of the near-infrared calibration model. When an invalid situation is detected, a stable polystyrene standard is measured, to determine whether this invalid situation is due to fluctuations of the instrumental response of the near-infrared spectrometer or not. A first method based on simulating simple instrumental differences enables one to correct those simple differences with only the polystyrene standard. It is shown that such an approach can correct most of the simple instrumental differences without the use of standardization procedures. However, when the invalid situation is due to more complex instrumental differences, standardization must be applied. This procedure is applied to simulated and real near-infrared data sets.

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Gomes, Julio. "O efeito da padronização das notas sobre os resultados da avaliação dos cursos de Engenharia Civil." Revista Principia - Divulgação Científica e Tecnológica do IFPB 1, no. 39 (April 17, 2018): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.18265/1517-03062015v1n39p54-62.

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This study aims to present an analysis of the effect of grade standardization on the results of the assessment of Civil Engineering undergraduate courses. The analyzed data came from the assessment carried out in the year 2014. Initially, it was performed a theoretical analysis of the equations that define the standardization procedure to assess the effect on mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation of original grades. Following, it is presented a comparison between the statistics of original grades and standard grades to show the effect of different scale amplitudes of the evaluation components. It was also calculated the correlation among the variables used to define the course preliminary concept (CPC). The results showed low correlation between the variables Note and IDD and the other variables that are part of the CPC. Finally, we presented two alternatives to define scale ranges to the evaluation components, and compared the CPC values calculated from those two alternatives to the CPC values calculated from the current standardization procedure. The results showed that the current standardization procedure increased the relative frequency of both 2 and 3 concepts, and decreases the relative frequency of 4 concept compared to the two alternatives suggested.

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Kaiser, Patricia, Theodorus Akerboom, Rüdiger Ohlendorf, and Hans Reinauer. "Liquid Chromatography–Isotope Dilution–Mass Spectrometry as a New Basis for the Reference Measurement Procedure for Hemoglobin A1c Determination." Clinical Chemistry 56, no. 5 (May 1, 2010): 750–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2009.139477.

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Abstract Background: Standardization of hemoglobin (Hb)A1c measurements is a process of considerable interest for quality assurance in diabetes management. To contribute to continuous quality improvement and fulfillment of the requirements for reference measurement procedures according to the standards of the International Organization for Standardization, we developed a calibration system of highest metrological order using isotope dilution–mass spectrometry with a reference material. Method: Samples were prepared by enzymatic cleavage based on the IFCC reference measurement procedure for LC-MS analysis. After digestion the samples were spiked with [D7]-labeled glycated and nonglycated hexapeptides as internal standards for quantification. LC-MS analysis was performed by using a C12 reversed-phase column and a gradient of acetonitrile/H2O containing 0.1% formic acid. Results: Calibration systems for HbA1c determination based on liquid chromatography–isotope dilution–mass spectrometry (LC-ID-MS) and on the IFCC reference measurement procedure were compared. A linear regression analysis demonstrated a correlation of r2 = 1.00 between the 2 different calibration systems. Mean deviation was 5.5% for the calibration and 3.3% for hemolysate samples, with a mean expanded uncertainty of 4.9%. Conclusions: This LC-ID-MS procedure allows the current IFCC reference measurement procedure for HbA1c to be raised to a higher order of accuracy.

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SHANKAR, DEO, N. SHUKLA, J. L. NAG, and M. K. SAHU. "Study on preparation procedure and standardization of recipe for tikhur Barfi." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PROCESSING AND POST HARVEST TECHNOLOGY 5, no. 2 (December 15, 2014): 156–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ijppht/5.2/156-164.

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AKAHOSHI, Yasuhiro. "International Standardization of Hypervelocity Impact Test Procedure and its Future Plan." Proceedings of Conference of Kyushu Branch 2018.71 (2018): J31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmekyushu.2018.71.j31.

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Roh, Dong-Goo, Jin Choi, Jung Hyun Jo, Hong-Suh Yim, Sun-Youp Park, Maru Park, Young-Jun Choi, et al. "Magnitude Standardization Procedure for OWL-Net Optical Observations of LEO Satellites." Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences 32, no. 4 (December 15, 2015): 349–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5140/jass.2015.32.4.349.

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Gorshkov, A. G., N. N. Pogodaeva, A. L. Vereshchagin, G. I. Baram, and A. A. Semenov. "Standardization of the pantocrin preparation. Part 2. HPLC-based identification procedure." Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal 32, no. 1 (January 1998): 49–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02464228.

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Maity, Sukanta, S. K. Sahu, and G. G. Pandit. "Standardization of solvent extraction procedure for determination of uranium in seawater." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 303, no. 1 (August 31, 2014): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10967-014-3410-9.

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Edwards, Selvin H., Shelton L. Stribling, Susan D. Pyatt, and Mary M. Kimberly. "Reference Measurement Procedure for Total Glycerides by Isotope Dilution GC-MS." Clinical Chemistry 58, no. 4 (April 1, 2012): 768–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2011.177063.

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Abstract BACKGROUND The CDC's Lipid Standardization Program established the chromotropic acid (CA) reference measurement procedure (RMP) as the accuracy base for standardization and metrological traceability for triglyceride testing. The CA RMP has several disadvantages, including lack of ruggedness. It uses obsolete instrumentation and hazardous reagents. To overcome these problems the CDC developed an isotope dilution GC-MS (ID-GC-MS) RMP for total glycerides in serum. METHODS We diluted serum samples with Tris-HCl buffer solution and spiked 200-μL aliquots with [13C3]-glycerol. These samples were incubated and hydrolyzed under basic conditions. The samples were dried, derivatized with acetic anhydride and pyridine, extracted with ethyl acetate, and analyzed by ID-GC-MS. Linearity, imprecision, and accuracy were evaluated by analyzing calibrator solutions, 10 serum pools, and a standard reference material (SRM 1951b). RESULTS The calibration response was linear for the range of calibrator concentrations examined (0–1.24 mmol/L) with a slope and intercept of 0.717 (95% CI, 0.7123–0.7225) and 0.3122 (95% CI, 0.3096–0.3140), respectively. The limit of detection was 14.8 μmol/L. The mean %CV for the sample set (serum pools and SRM) was 1.2%. The mean %bias from NIST isotope dilution MS values for SRM 1951b was 0.7%. CONCLUSIONS This ID-GC-MS RMP has the specificity and ruggedness to accurately quantify total glycerides in the serum pools used in the CDC's Lipid Standardization Program and demonstrates sufficiently acceptable agreement with the NIST primary RMP for total glyceride measurement.

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RADI, YANNICK. "Standardization: A Dynamic and Procedural Conceptualization of International Law-Making." Leiden Journal of International Law 25, no. 2 (May 2, 2012): 283–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156512000039.

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AbstractThe paper analyses the dynamic procedures that work during the formation of international law in international organizations and conventional frameworks. These procedures organize and structure the interactive exercise of the normative function by law-creating bodies and law-applying bodies. The paper conceives of this ‘way’ of making international law as a law-making method that the concept of standardization helps to understand. Grounded in Aristotelian dialectic logic, standardization indeed conceptualizes the dialogic and procedural law-making that works for normative coherence in contexts characterized by co-operation and the heterogeneity of interests. Introducing this concept, the paper insists on the fact that it is the procedural nature of the dialogue that is crucial to reach normative coherence. Drawing on the consequences of standardization, and regarding dynamic procedures, it reappraises the status and the importance of both the different sources of international law and the different participants to international law-making. Also, the paper points out the predominance of normative coherence, as well as that of its ‘guarantor’, namely procedure that its author considers the cornerstone of legal certainty in the co-operative context of the international society.

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SCHINKA, JOHN A., and RODNEY D. VANDERPLOEG. "Profile clusters in the WAIS–R standardization sample." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 3, no. 2 (March 1997): 120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617797001203.

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In this study we applied clustering procedures to a subgroup of 341 participants from the WAIS–R standardization sample. These individuals were selected by virtue of their having full-scale profiles characterized by scatter of greater than 8 scaled scores. Using a hierarchical clustering algorithm, a multistage procedure was used to establish and evaluate a cluster solution. The subject selection and clustering methods were successful in revealing a set of 9 profile types characterized by unique profile shapes. All profiles were associated with FSIQs that were at least in the average range. Seven of the profiles were characterized by specific subtest strengths, only 1 with subtest weaknesses. Examination of the external correlates of profile membership revealed differences among profile groups for age, marital status, education, and occupation. Our findings suggest that variability in and across the 9 profile types in this sample reflects increased contributions of unique abilities in comparison to the influence of the underlying primary and secondary WAIS–R dimensions of cognitive ability. (JINS, 1997, 3, 120–127.)

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McTaggart, Ryan A., Shadi Yaghi, Grayson Baird, Richard A. Haas, and Mahesh V. Jayaraman. "Decreasing procedure times with a standardized approach to ELVO cases." Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery 9, no. 1 (July 8, 2016): 2–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/neurintsurg-2016-012518.

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BackgroundEmbolectomy is the standard of care for emergent large vessel occlusion (ELVO), and needs to be done as quickly as possible for the best possible outcomes. Optimization of workflow and process is certainly paramount. One aspect of this is process improvement to standardize as much as possible the procedure in order to decrease variability among operators, which breeds familiarity for the entire team.ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of a standardized approach to ELVO cases in decreasing times from groin puncture to first deployment of a stent-retriever and final recanalization.MethodsA retrospective review of 83 consecutive patients consisting of a pre-standardization phase (group 1) and those after standardization (group 2). The standardization process involved all three neurointerventional radiologists agreeing on a standard approach to the cases and to the equipment to be used. Times from groin puncture to first deployment of the stent-retriever and from puncture to final reperfusion were evaluated. Angiographic outcomes were scored using the Modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Ischemia (mTICI) score. Complications from intracranial catheter manipulation (such as wire perforation) were also recorded. Clinical outcomes were assessed based on admission and discharge National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score.ResultsThere were 22 patients in group 1 and 61 patients in group 2. Mean times from groin puncture to first deployment were 39.8 min in group 1 and 20 min in group 2, a difference which was statistically significant (p<0.0001). Overall times from puncture to final recanalization were reduced from 68.2 to 37 min, also a statistically significant difference (p<0.001). There were no cases of intraprocedural complications such as wire perforation or subarachnoid hemorrhage.ConclusionsA standardized approach to the equipment used and process for ELVO cases at a single institution can dramatically reduce procedure times.

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Heredia, Daniel A. Velez, Fernando Ceballos, and German Sanchez-Torres. "Simulation-Based Improvement Procedure for Small-Scale Shoe Manufacturing Companies." Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Systems 17, no. 01 (March 2018): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219686718500026.

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Production costs represent the largest production process expenditure for companies. The existence of worker leisure time increases the associated production costs, which should be reduced to maximize the profit. In many Latin American small-scale footwear companies, shoe manufacturing is mainly characterized as an artisan elaboration. They generate additional costs associated with the poor standardization of methodology, lack of knowledge of a defined elaboration procedure, the absence of suitable facilities for raw material storage, and deficiencies in handling the product during the process. All these weaknesses make the manufacturing and packing process more difficult. This paper shows an optimization procedure for the utilization of resources by using discrete event simulation. Additionally, we propose a defined sub-process sequential structure to allow the standardization of shoe manufacturing. The results show that the proposed structure decreases the time of product processing by more than 40%. Furthermore, analysis of the costs of the associated implementation was performed and showed that it could be assumed by companies that the investment will provide a return on the capital within a short time.

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Guo, Han Ding, Ling Shang, Xiao Ping Yang, and Yin Xian Zhang. "Standardization of the Subjects and Content of Government Supervision in Construction Quality." Applied Mechanics and Materials 209-211 (October 2012): 1485–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.209-211.1485.

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Standardization of government supervision process in construction quality is composed of standardization of the subjects of supervision, standardization of the content of supervision and standardization of the operation of supervision together. The essential of the subjects of supervision standardization to regulate quality supervisor in government, including six aspects such as specialize the supervision businesses, rationalize the supervision tasks, team ship supervision implement, crystallize the surveillance responsibility, the professionalization of qualification of the supervisor, and regular the training of supervision businesses; standardization of the content of supervision is core factor to operate the standardized system of government supervision in construction quality, including six aspects such as normalize the content of supervision work, systematize the key point of supervision work, unitize the form of supervision record, standard the system of supervision work, self-discipline of supervision behavior and legalize the supervision procedure

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Botha, Phil, Stephen C. Clark, and John H. Dark. "Standardization of transplant procurement procedures." Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 140, no. 1 (July 2010): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2010.03.027.

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