Academic literature on the topic 'STANDARD PROCTOR TEST'
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Journal articles on the topic "STANDARD PROCTOR TEST"
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Lvovska, Tetyana, Tetyana Lytvynenko, and Alla Kariuk. "Soil Compaction Methods Development." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.2 (June 20, 2018): 636. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.2.14605.
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A process of soil compaction methods development including new authors’ methodology is described. The importance of soil compaction for engineering purposes is substantiated. Preconditions for Proctor compaction test appearance are highlighted. Proctor’s approach and suggestions for the degree of soil compaction assessing are analyzed. Soviet version of Proctor’s equipment and Modified Proctor compaction test are given. Principal differences between Proctor test, Standard compaction test and Modified Proctor test are presented. The problems and disadvantages of existent soil compaction tests are revealed. New authors’ physical experiment methodology for patterns establishment of water migration in subgrade embankment depth, in the capacity factors of what it is accepted: clay soil type (its number plasticity); moisture, at what the soil was compacted; soil skeleton density; embankment height; «rest» time after subgrade erection and before it’s operation is developed and realized. By laboratory and field tests water migration patterns in compacted subgrade soils depth are established. As a result of statistical processing of research results, the empirical dependence of compacted clay soil stabilized moisture is obtained. Empirical dependence parameter corresponds to maximum molecular moisture capacity at what it is advisable to do the subgrade clay soils multilayer consolidation for their long-term strength ensuring.
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Yamali, Fakhrul Rozi, and Fadlan Fadlan. "ANALISIS ENERGI PEMADATAN TANAH DI LABORATORIUM." Jurnal Civronlit Unbari 2, no. 1 (October 28, 2017): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/civronlit.v2i1.12.
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The density test for soil in the laboratory can be a mild density test (standard proctor) and a modified density test (modification proctor). Both types of compaction provide different levels of density. This paper aims to analyze the energy produced by both types of compaction. The results show that the compaction modification energy is greater than the standard compaction energy. These results are influenced by the number of layers and the difference of the mass of the pounder on both types of compactionKey words: compaction energy, standard proctor, modified proctor
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Hernández, Joseín, René Mora, and Emmanuel Munguía. "DETERMINACIÓN DE LAS DIFERENCIAS EN LOS RESULTADOS DE DOS PROCEDIMIENTOS DE EJECUCIÓN DEL ENSAYO PROCTOR ESTÁNDAR." Revista Espacio I+D Innovación más Desarrollo IX, no. 24 (November 1, 2012): 138–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31644/imasd.24.2020.a08.
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El grado de compactación de los suelos se evalúa a través de dos parámetros: su peso específico seco máximo (γdmáx) y su humedad óptima (wopt), los cuales se pueden determinar en el laboratorio a través de diversos métodos. Una de las técnicas de mayor uso a nivel mundial es el ensayo Proctor estándar. El procedimiento clásico de este ensayo establece la construcción de una curva de compactación utilizando una sola porción de suelo que se compacta varias veces durante todo el procedimiento. Sin embargo, en la ejecución habitual de esta prueba ha surgido la variante de utilizar varias porciones de suelo en lugar de una sola. El objetivo de esta investigación es aportar información acerca de las diferencias en los resultados obtenidos entre estas dos variantes de la prueba Proctor estándar. Para lograrlo, en un primer grupo de ensayos se determinaron los parámetros óptimos de compactación de dos suelos diferentes del estado de Tabasco siguiendo el procedimiento clásico del ensayo Proctor Estándar. Estos resultados sirvieron de control. A continuación, en un segundo grupo de ensayos y para los mismos suelos, se repitieron las pruebas Proctor estándar pero utilizando varias porciones de suelo en lugar de una sola, esto con la finalidad de que cada porción solo se compactara una vez. Todos los ensayos Proctor se realizaron por triplicado y los resultados se ajustaron mediante una línea polinómica. Comparada con los resultados del ensayo Proctor estándar clásico, la variante que utiliza varias porciones de suelo generó un descenso de alrededor del 1% en los va-lores de los pesos específicos secos máximos, y aumentos en las humedades óptimas en torno al 1.3%. Estas diferencias se originan debido al proceso de preparación de las muestras de suelo en la variante del ensayo Proctor
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Kowalska, Magdalena. "Compactness of Scrap Tyre Rubber Aggregates in Standard Proctor Test." Procedia Engineering 161 (2016): 975–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.08.836.
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Sulewska, Maria J., and Dariusz Tymosiak. "Analysis of compaction parameters of the exemplary non-cohesive soil determined by Proctor methods and vibrating table tests." Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW. Land Reclamation 50, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sggw-2018-0008.
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Abstract The purpose of the work is to analyze compaction parameters of non-cohesive uniformly graded soil – optimum moisture content (wopt) and maximum dry density (ρdmax), obtained from Proctor tests and using vibrating table. The research was conducted on even-graded medium sand (Safgr), of uniformity coefficient CU = 3.10 and coefficient of curvature CC = 0.99. Compaction parameters were examined by using Proctor tests – standard Proctor tests (I and II) and modified Proctor tests (III and IV) in compliance with PN-B-04481:1988, and also standard (A+A and A+B) and modified (B+A and B+B) according to PN-EN 13286-2:2010, and by using a vibrating table in compliance with PN-EN 13286-5:2006 at four sample loading attempts. The moisture content of the samples increased by 1–2% in the range of about 0% to about 10%. On the basis of the analysis of data from soil studies with uniform grain size (poorly compactable soil), it can be concluded that the values of test results ρdmax of medium sand with standard (or modified) Proctor tests according to PN-B-04481:1988 and PN-EN 13286-2:2010 are close to each other. It can be concluded that in the case of ρdmax, the vibrating table method (with the assumed test conditions) allows to achieve results comparable to those of Proctor (mean relative difference 1.88%). Using the vibrating table the wopt values were lower than those obtained by Proctor tests (mean relative difference of 18.84%).
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جواد عزيز, ليث. "A new method for increasing the density of modulated sandy soils by using cement dust." Kufa Journal of Engineering 1, no. 2 (September 25, 2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.30572/2018/kje/121338.
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This research is an empirical method for estimating the possibility of using cement dust as an additive for sandy soil during the field compaction process. The soil samples were brought from Al-Najaf city and treated with cement dust .Twenty test models were prepared and compacted in the standard and modified mould of Proctor test. These models were divided into two broad series, firstly consisted of ten soil samples, five from these samples were carried out at constant compactive energy (E=355.5 kJ/m3) for cement dust (4 , 8, 12 and 16%) in addition to one case with no cement dust. This energy is less than standard Proctor test energy. Another retained models were tested with compactive energy equal to the energy of standard Proctor test (E=592.5 kJ/m3) for the same percentage cement dust. The second series of models were involved ten models, five samples compacted at energy corresponding to Modified Proctor Test (E=1197.03 kJ/m3) and other retained models at compactive energy higher than compactive energy of the modified Proctor test (E=2681.4 kJ/m3). The results of laboratory tests which carried out on selected soil showed with increasing compactive energy, the optimum cement dust decreased (this percent was corresponding to the peak dry density in the laboratory) . In other words, the optimum cement dust percents were equal to (4%), (6.6%), (8%) and (12%) for compactive energy (E=355.5, 592.5, 1197.03 and 2681.4 kJ/m3) respectively, and the addition of these percents of cement dust leaded to increase in the maximum dry density (4%, 5.3%, 17.1% and 20.5%) for compactive energy (E=355.5, 592.5, 1197.03 and 2681.4 kJ/m3) respectively.
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Brata, Angga, and Chandra Afriade Siregar. "PERBANDINGAN PEMADATAN TANAH GUNUNG HEJO KABUPATEN PURWAKARTA PADA PENGUJIAN SECARA LAPANGAN DAN LABORATORIUM MENGGUNAKAN METODE A." Sistem Infrastruktur Teknik Sipil (SIMTEKS) 1, no. 1 (September 10, 2021): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.32897/simteks.v1i1.805.
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Penelitian ini membahas tentang korelasi pemadatan di lapangan menggunakan sand cone test dan pemadatan standard proctor di laboratorium dengan metode A. Pengujian dilakukan dengan mengikuti standard yang sudah teruji keakuratannya seperti AASHTO, ASTM, dan lain sebagainya. Hasil akhir dari pengujian ini OMC pemadatan standar di laboratorium = 37 % dan MDD = 1.394 gr/cm3 dan hasil pemadatan dilapangan OMC = 30.619 % dan MDD = 1.052 gr/cm3. Korelasi dari kedua hasil uji tersebut adalah MDD Standar Met. A = MDD Sand Cone + 0.342 dan OMC Standar Met. A = OMC Sand Cone + 6.381Kata Penelitian ini membahas tentang korelasi pemadatan di lapangan menggunakan sand cone test dan pemadatan standard proctor di laboratorium dengan metode A. Pengujian dilakukan dengan mengikuti standard yang sudah teruji keakuratannya seperti AASHTO, ASTM, dan lain sebagainya. Hasil akhir dari pengujian ini OMC pemadatan standar di laboratorium = 37 % dan MDD = 1.394 gr/cm3 dan hasil pemadatan dilapangan OMC = 30.619 % dan MDD = 1.052 gr/cm3. Korelasi dari kedua hasil uji tersebut adalah MDD Standar Met. A = MDD Sand Cone + 0.342 dan OMC Standar Met. A = OMC Sand Cone + 6.381KataÂ
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Zhemchuzhnikov, Alexandr, Khosrow Ghavami, and Michéle dal Toé Casagrande. "Static Compaction of Soils with Varying Clay Content." Key Engineering Materials 668 (October 2015): 238–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.668.238.
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The use of compressed earth blocks (CEBs) is widespread in the field of earth construction. They present better mechanical performance than adobe and the equipment for their production is simple. Laboratory testing of compressed earth blocks requires large amounts of material. There are variations of unconfined strength testing procedures such as testing halves of the blocks with layers of mortar between them or testing whole blocks in diverse directions. This complicates the interpretation of test results as the shape factor and mortar characteristics influence the results significantly. Static compaction test can be used to produce cylindrical samples representative of CEBs. The water content of soil used for the production of CEBs is often determined in standard Proctor test while experimental data indicate that the optimum moisture content for static and dynamic compaction is different. The present article addresses the behavior of four soil mixes with varying clay content compacted statically with a constant rate of strain. Static compaction curves were compared with those obtained in standard Proctor test. For all the soil mixes the static optimum moisture content was found to correspond to the start of consolidation. The compaction curve presented no wet side of optimum in contrast to Proctor test. The energy needed to achieve a desired density by static compaction was analyzed for soils with varying clay contents. Static compaction was found to be more efficient than dynamic for clayey soils. An increase in water content was observed to help achieving higher densities at low pressures, which can improve the performance of manual CEB presses.
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Nugraha, Andrias Suhendra. "PENGARUH ENERGI PEMADATAN DI LABORATORIUM TERHADAP PARAMETER KOMPAKSI MATERIAL CRUSHED LIMESTONE PADALARANG." Jurnal Teknik Sipil 16, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 118–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.28932/jts.v16i1.2496.
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Pelaksanaan konstruksi timbunan jalan (road embankment) merupakan suatu pekerjaan yang memerlukan kajian geoteknik. Kajian geoteknik dilakukan terhadap material timbunan (fill material) yang akan digunakan pada saat tahapan pemadatan (kompaksi) di lapangan. Evaluasi terhadap hasil suatu proses kompaksi mengacu terhadap parameter kompaksi dari fill material yang telah disyaratkan oleh spesifikasi desain. Parameter kompaksi tersebut antara lain adalah kadar air optimum (optimum moisture content, wopt) dan berat isi kering maksimum (maximum dry density, ?dry max).
Tujuan studi ini adalah untuk menganalisis dan mengevaluasi pengaruh energi pemadatan di laboratorium terhadap parameter kompaksi material crushed limestone yang berasal dari daerah Padalarang, Jawa Barat. Terdapat 4 (empat) variasi energi pemadatan (E) yang ditinjau pada studi ini yaitu : 605 kN.m/m3 (energi standard Proctor, E1); 1.4 E1; 2.2 E1 dan 3.0 E1. Keseluruhan uji kompaksi di laboratorium menggunakan mold dan rammer untuk standard Proctor test (ASTM D 698).
Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan energi pemadatan untuk kompaksi di laboratorium sebesar 3 kali energi pemadatan standard Proctor, hanya menghasilkan kenaikan gdry max sebesar 5% dan merubah nilai wopt sebesar 3%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan energi pemadatan di laboratorium tidak terlalu berpengaruh terhadap nilai gdry max maupun wopt , untuk kondisi crushed limestone bergradasi buruk (poorly graded) dengan rentang ukuran butir 0.85mm – 4.75mm.
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Jankovic Pantic, Jovana, Dragoslav Rakic, Irena Basaric Ikodinovic, Tina Djuric, and Gordana Hadzi-Nikovic. "Geotechnical Effects of Municipal Solid Waste Destruction with Different Compaction Methods." Proceedings of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 75, no. 1 (February 2, 2022): 110–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2022.01.13.
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Disposal of waste in municipal solid waste landfills is the only way of waste disposal in Serbia, with daily compaction and covering with soil material. Due to less space for the construction of new landfills, it is necessary to use their maximum capacity. Well-compacted municipal solid waste takes up less volume and enables safer storage, so it is useful to previously determine the compaction parameters in the laboratory: maximum dry unit weight (γdmax) and optimal water content (wopt). In the practice so far, the standard method has been used to obtain these parameters (Proctor compaction test) which is common in soil mechanics. However, although this methodology has been adopted, different treatments of municipal solid waste at the landfill (including pre-treatment) indicate the need to change this classical approach. Therefore, during the research, various innovative solutions are introduced, such as the change of the classic flat Proctor hammer, by adding spikes, whose function, in addition to compaction, is partial destruction and shredding of municipal waste. In this way, the operation of compactors (hedgehogs) in the field is simulated. The paper presents the behaviour of four artificially prepared samples of municipal solid waste of different composition. The samples were tested in the standard Proctor apparatus at the same compaction energy, using different hammers, a standard flat hammer, and an innovative hammer with spikes. After that, the geotechnical effects of compaction depending on the applied approach were analyzed.
Book chapters on the topic "STANDARD PROCTOR TEST"
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"Standard Proctor test." In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik, 1297. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_196662.
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Kumar, Amrendra, Ajay Singh, Bishwajit Roy, Shiladitya Bhattacharjee, and Tanmay Bhowmik. "PVC Waste Plastic Bottle Strip Used for Improvement of Engineering Properties of Clayey Soil." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde220852.
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The influence of scrap plastic drinking bottles on the strength and swelling qualities of lean clay is investigated in this paper. Before use, waste plastic bottles (WPB) were cut into 4 mm strips and mixed with soil in proportions of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5% (dry weight of soil). The prepared materials were subjected to three standard tests: Proctor test, swelling, and strength penetration test California Bering Ratio (CBR). The results of tests revealed that WPB have a substantial impact on the clay’s compaction, swelling, and strength qualities.
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Abdullah, A., and I. R. Abdu Karim. "PROPERTIES OF SOFT SOIL CONTAINING OUTER LAYER FACE MASK." In Construction Engineering and Management. PENERBIT UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/cem.1.04.2022.02.01.
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In construction, soft clay soil is continuously being the biggest concern for engineer. It is classified as problematic soil because of its weak properties and it usually does not meet the construction requirement due to excessive settlement. In this research, the improvement of soft clay soil is made by adding a small percentage of the waste generated from face mask. By doing this, it is hoped to improve the soil’s properties and preserve the environment by reducing the abundant waste. Several laboratory tests (particle size test, soil consistency test, standard Proctor test and unconfined compression test) were conducted to determine the soil properties. The outer layer face mask (OLFM), which was cut in pieces, was added in the amount of 0.25 %, 0.5 % and 1 % of the total volume. The results show that the mixture of 1 % of the outer layer face mask’s into the soft clay soil is able to increase the soil’s shear strength by 2.8 times.
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Kumar Patel, Suchit. "Experimental Investigation of Glass Fiber Reinforced Clayey Soil for Its Possible Application as Pavement Subgrade Material." In New Approaches in Foundation Engineering [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.102802.
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A clayey soil reinforced with commercially obtainable20 mm glass fiber of varying fiber content (fc = 0.25 to 1% by soil dry weight) was investigated in lab for its possible application as road pavement material. Standard proctor compaction, unconfined compression strength (UCS), California Bearing Ratio (CBR) and undrained triaxial compression tests were conduction on compacted soil-fiber specimens as per ASTM standard. From the fiber mixing process it has been observed that fiber can be uniformly mixed into clayey soil only up to some optimum fiber content. Laboratory test results predicted that UCS, CBR and shear strength value of clayey soil enhanced significantly with fiber content up to some optimum value of 0.75% fiber content. The UCS increases maximum up to two fold, CBR by 2.8 times and shear strength by around 1.75 times than that of clayey soil alone. The inclusion of glass fibers enhances the ductility of clayey soil and modifies its failure pattern from brittle to ductile. It has been found that the glass fiber reinforced clayey soil can be used significantly as a subgrade material for low volume flexible road pavement.
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"Reported correlations on compaction characteristics of fine grained soils in the standard proctor test—a critical reappraisal." In Emerging Trends in Engineering, Science and Technology for Society, Energy and Environment, 305–10. CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351124140-53.
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Pillai, G. Sreelekshmy, and P. Vinod. "A framework for prediction of compaction parameters in standard proctor tests." In Recent Advances in Materials, Mechanics and Management, 9–12. CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351227544-2.
Full textConference papers on the topic "STANDARD PROCTOR TEST"
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Jayashree, J. "Experimental Study on Strength Characteristics of Fly Ash and Rice Husk Ash added Clay Soil." In Sustainable Materials and Smart Practices. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644901953-16.
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Abstract. Clay soil is usually stiff in dry state, but in wet state, it loses its stiffness and becomes softer. Various types of clay minerals have unique characteristics of low bearing capacity and certain compressibility. Especially Montmorillonite clay mineral exhibits more degree of swelling and shrinkage and loss of strength when moisture added. According to recent research, rice husk ash is a potential improving material based on its pozzolanic activity. In this study, to improve the engineering properties of expansive clay the admixture such as fly ash and rice husk ash will be added in different percentages as 5, 10, 15 and 20. For the laboratory test that includes atterberg’s limits test, standard proctor compaction test and unconfined compression test were conducted on locally collected expansive soil with various percentages of these two stabilizers in order to examine their influences. The maximum values of Unconfined Compressive Strength were obtained corresponding to 15% Rice Husk Ash and 20% Fly ash.
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Šķēls, Pēteris, Kaspars Bondars, Raitis Plonis, Viktors Haritonovs, and Andris Paeglītis. "Usage of Wood Fly Ash in Stabilization of Unbound Pavement Layers and Soils." In The 13th Baltic Sea Region Geotechnical Conference. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13bsgc.2016.017.
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Modification and stabilization of road structure unbound layers has extensively been studied both at laboratory and field for decades. The most commonly used binders for soil modification and stabilization are cement and quicklime (CaO), but alternative pozzolans and their mixtures are of economical, technical and environmental interest. This study presents soil stabilization with wood fly ash (WFA) at laboratory. Natural sand (Sa), Sa mixtures with 10% and 20% WFA were compacted at optimal water content according to Standard Proctor test LVS EN 13286-2:2012, and California bearing ratio (CBR) tested according to LVS EN 13286-47:2012 for cured samples after 96 hours immersed in water with 2 kg surcharge and after 7 days sealed simultaneously. At the same time also Immediate bearing index was determined for natural soil and their mixture with 10% WFA. Results showed 3.79 times enhancement in CBR values Sa after 7 days curing, justifying that WFA is valuable material for hydraulically bound mixtures.
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"Experimental Study on Soil Stabilization Using Fibres." In Recent Advancements in Geotechnical Engineering. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644901618-25.
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Abstract. For pavement constructions such as runway and highway construction, fine-grained soils are not suitable because of their undesirable properties such as grading of particle size, low bearing capacity, and more plasticity, and its ability to swell. To improve these soil properties various soil stabilization methods are needed. The stabilization is done by adding various stabilizing materials with the fine-grained soil. Fibres are one of the materials used in soil stabilization. This experimental study has been carried over to improve the bearing capacity of soft soil (from Sholinganallur, Chennai) by using Natural and Artificial fibres. During this study, the soil samples which has been stabilized with various fibres was prepared i.e., soil with Natural fibres (jute fibre) and soil with artificial fibres. In this experimental study, index properties and engineering properties of soft soil or unreinforced samples and stabilized soil samples with fibres are determined. Samples are subjected to various soil tests which have been used to determine the engineering properties of soil. The soil tests such as the standard proctor compaction test, unsoaked California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test, and Unconfined Compression (UCC) test had been done to determine the characteristics of the samples. To determine the properties of the reinforced materials, the fibres also have undergone various geosynthetic laboratory tests. The results of the study show that the bearing capacity of Shollinganallur fine-grained soil can be improved subsequently and water absorption by soil has been reduced significantly by using fibres.
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Veeranki, S. T. "Laboratory Studies on the Effectiveness of Quarry Dust and Bottom Ash with Treated Marine Clay for Adaptable Flexible Pavement Sub-Grade." In Sustainable Materials and Smart Practices. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644901953-50.
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Abstract. The soil found on the sea bed is classed as Marine clay. The major proportion of marine soil is clay so it is generally referred as marine clay (MC). The MC is often weak and lacks stability in heavy loads. This research is concerned with the potential of BA (Bottom ash) and QD (Quarry dust) as soil stabilizers based on resistance enhancement. Soil stabilization points to make strides the geotechnical features of the MC. The engineering properties of MC have been built-up, such as grain size distribution, particle density and soil plasticity. The soil sample was blended and compacted with various quantities of the BA and QD i.e. 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10% 12.5% and 15% for compaction and strength test. The dry-weight method was utilized to prepare the samples. A standard Proctor test was run to determine the stabilized floor OMC and MDD. In the interim, the CBR was conducted to obtain the strength of the stabilized soil. Test results indicate that the MDD of the MC has been improved by 0.19 (g/cc) on addition of 10% BA and it has been improved by 0.246 (g/cc) when 10% QD is added when compared with untreated MC. Laboratory analyses of the cyclic plate load test revealed the ultimate load carrying capacity of the treated MC model flexible pavement has been increased by 349.9% at OMC when compared with untreated MC model flexible pavement.
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Malikzada, Abdulmuner, Hasan Fırat Pulat, and İnci Develioğlu. "Effect of Fly Ash on Compaction Behavior of Alluvial Soil." In International Students Science Congress. Izmir International Guest Student Association, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52460/issc.2021.016.
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Low plasticity, high bearing capacity, low settlement, etc. are the preferred properties for most engineering projects. Alluvial soils are problematic soils because of low bearing capacity, high organic matter content, and high void ratio so they do not meet the preferred condition for engineering projects. It has been necessary to improve unsuitable materials to make them acceptable for construction. Fly ash (FA) has earlier been used for stabilizing roads due to its high content of calcium and silicate oxides which give puzzolanic properties and thus high compression strength. In this research, fundamental engineering properties, compaction behaviors of three types of (fine, medium, and coarse) alluvial deposits, and the effect of fly ash on compaction behavior of these alluvial soils are presented. Alluvial soil is taken from Çiğli, Balatçık (Izmir, Turkey). To determine geotechnical index properties; wet sieve analysis, plastic limit, liquid limit, specific gravity, standard compaction tests were conducted. In order to determine the effect of fly ash on compaction behavior of alluvial deposits, three different samples (fine < 0.425mm, medium < 2mm, and coarse < 4.75 mm) are prepared and 10%, 15%, 20% fly ash by dry weight of soil is mixed and standard proctor test is performed. As a result of laboratory tests, the liquid limit, plastic limit, and plasticity index values obtained as 38.3%, 25.7%, and 12.6%, respectively. The specific gravities for fine, medium, and coarse samples are 2.68, 2.67, and 2.66, respectively. According to the results of wet sieve analysis and consistency limit tests, it was stated that the soil contains large amounts of sand and clay. The washed sieve analysis and consistency limit tests results were evaluated according to USCS. The conducted test results have shown that maximum dry unit weight for fine, medium, and coarse soils are 16.9, 19.35, and 19.55 (kN/m3), and optimum moisture content for fine, medium, and coarse samples are 17, 11, 10.5% respectively. Generally, by increasing the content of FA, maximum dry unit weight decreased and optimum moisture content increased for all three types of alluvial soil. By increasing FA to 20%, maximum dry unit weight of medium and coarse soils decreases 1.5% and 2%, respectively.
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French, Anna, and Timothy M. Kowalewski. "Laparoscopic Skill Classification Using the Two-Third Power Law and the Isogony Principle." In 2017 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2017-3341.
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Surgical skill evaluation is a field that attempts to improve patient outcomes by accurately assessing surgeon proficiency. An important application of the information gathered from skill evaluation is providing feedback to the surgeon on their performance. The most commonly utilized methods for judging skill all depend on some type of human intervention. Expert panels are considered the gold standard for skill evaluation, but are cost prohibitive and often take weeks or months to deliver scores. The Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery (FLS) is a widely adopted surgical training regime. Its scoring method is based on task time and number of task-specific errors, which currently requires a human proctor to calculate. This scoring method requires prior information on the distribution of scores among skill levels, which creates a problem any time a new training module or technique is introduced. These scores are not normally provided while training for the FLS skills test, and [1] has shown that FLS scoring does not lend any additional information over sorting skill levels based on task time. Crowd sourced methods such as those in [2] have also been used to provide feedback and have shown concordance with patient outcomes, however it still takes a few hours to generate scores after a training session. It is desired to find an assessment method that can deliver a score immediately following a training module (or even in real time) and depends neither on human intervention nor on task-specific probability distributions. It is hypothesized that isogony-based surgical tool motion analysis discerns surgical skill level independent of task time.
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Wasil, Mariola. "Prediction of Hydraulic Conductivity of Fly Ash Built-in Mineral Sealing Layers." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.062.
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Mineral barrier protects the groundwater and soil from contamination by insulating the leakage of harmful substances from landfill. One of the most important parameters, which decides about usefulness of material to built-in sealing layers, is hydraulic conductivity. Researchers have conducted investigations with the possibility of utilising fly ash as a mineral sealing layer material, which is justified by its low permeability and other properties. It is known that laboratory tests of hydraulic conductivity are often long-term and require expensive equipment. Therefore, to avoid this, researchers trying to assess permeability of tested material with empirical or semi empirical formulas. The aim of the paper is to compare the results of hydraulic conductivity of fly ash obtained from the laboratory tests and from estimation using different empirical formulas. Fly ash was compacted by the Standard Proctor compaction method at the optimum moisture content. The results obtained from empirical equations were variable. It was observed that the Kozeny-Carman formula and other, based on a few physical parameters of the soil, gave better results in prediction of hydraulic conductivity of fly ash than equations based on only one parameter.
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Alkroosh, Iyad, Ali Al-Robay, Prabir Sarker, and Saif Alzabeebee. "Effect of sand percentage on the compaction properties and undrained shear strength of low plasticity soft clay." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ARCHITECTURAL AND CIVIL ENGINEERING 2020. Cihan University-Erbil, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24086/aces2020/paper.143.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigated the influence of sand content on the mechanical behaviour of a low plasticity clay found in Iraq. Samples were prepared with sand contents of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% of the weight of the clay. Standard Proctor and unconfined compression tests were carried out and the optimum moisture content, maximum dry density, and undrained shear strength were determined. The results showed a gradual increasing trend of the maximum dry density with the increase of the sand content up to 30%. The highest dry density reached was 1.90 gm/cm3 corresponding to an optimum moisture content of 12%. In addition, it was also found that the undrained shear strength was inversely proportional to the increase of the percentage of sand. Thus, the dry density of the clay could be increased well above 1.70 g/cm3, which is the minimum dry density accepted as a compacted subgrade according to the Iraqi General Specifications for Roads and Bridges (2003); hence, the rejected low plasticity clay could be utilised by mixing with sand. The reasons for the increase of the dry density and the decrease of the undrained shear strength has been extensively discussed in the paper.