Journal articles: 'Standard precautions'

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Smiles, Robinson. "Standard Precautions/Universal Precautions." Annals of SBV 1, no. 1 (2012): 20–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10085-1112.

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Blobaum, Paul M. "Standard Precautions." Journal of the Medical Library Association 95, no. 3 (July 2007): 366–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3163/1536-5050.95.3.366.

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Abou El-Enein, Nagwa Younis, and Hala M. El Mahdy. "Standard precautions." Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association 86, no. 1&2 (April 2011): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.epx.0000395430.92943.69.

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Kim, Su Jung, and Eun Ju Lee. "Factors Influencing Emergency Department Nurses’ Compliance with Standard Precautions Using Multilevel Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 11 (June 7, 2021): 6149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18116149.

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Standard precautions protect patients and nurses from infection. Nevertheless, compliance with standard precautions is lower among emergency department nurses than other nurses. We examined the individual and organizational factors that influence emergency department nurses’ compliance with standard precautions via a cross-sectional study. A self-reported questionnaire survey was administered to 140 nurses working in nine emergency departments in South Korea. It included items regarding ethical awareness and standard precaution self-efficacy at the individual level as well as safety environment, organizational culture for infection control, and degree of compliance with standard precautions at the organizational level. Individual and organizational predictors were identified using a multilevel analysis. The results indicated that 81.1% of nurses’ compliance with standard precautions was influenced by individual differences, while only 18.9% was influenced by organizational differences. Individual- and organizational-level predictors explained 46.7% and 55.4% of the variance in emergency department nurses’ compliance with standard precautions, respectively. Emergency department nurses’ compliance with standard precautions was predicted by ethical awareness and standard precaution self-efficacy at the individual level and by organizational culture for infection control at the organizational level. Our findings provide evidence for the need to improve facilities and human resource management as well as the organizational culture for infection control.

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O.M., Julius, Salamat O.A., Bukola T.M., Joshua O.O., and Deborah F.O. "Factors Influencing Standard Precaution Practices Among Nurses in Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria." African Journal of Health, Nursing and Midwifery 4, no. 5 (July 27, 2021): 14–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ajhnm-ix3l8vo0.

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Introduction: Nurses are known to be at the frontline of risks and victims to occupational hazards within the healthcare system. These hazards include exposure to infections that may arise from injuries from sharps and contacts with body fluids. Standard precautions are taken to mitigate and minimize hazards in hospitals. This study assessed the factors influencing standard precaution practices among Nurses in Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria. Method and material: This study involved a descriptive cross-sectional study which was carried out among 305 nurses in Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja. A self-structured instrument was employed for this study and data were gathered from consented respondents. The data collected were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 25. The research questions were answered using descriptive statistics of mean, frequency and percentage. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 41.64±10.1 years and many (68.5%) had more than 10 years of work experience. The respondents had above average level of knowledge (24.69±2.16) and close to two-third (59.7%) had a positive attitude towards standard precaution practices. The most reported factors influencing the practice of standard precautions were non-availability of personal protective equipment (PPE) (92.1%), lack of regular training on standard precautions (91.1%) and lack of good policy on standard precautions (81.5%). Conclusion: Majority of the respondents had above average level of knowledge and positive attitude towards standard precaution. There is a need for continued sensitization and monitoring of standard precaution practices by nurses to sustain the high level. Also, healthcare institutions should ensure the availability of PPE for standard precautions and regular in-service training of nurses on standard precaution practices.

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Faller, Rebecca, Priya Sampathkumar, and Stacy (Tram) Ung. "How Standard Are Standard Precautions? Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Standard Precautions at an Academic Medical Center." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 41, S1 (October 2020): s254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.816.

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Background: Standard precautions are the basis of infection prevention and include a set of common-sense infection control practices that prevent transmission of diseases acquired by contact with blood, body fluids, nonintact skin, and mucous membranes. These measures include hand hygiene, personal protective equipment (PPE), cleaning and disinfecting, linen handling, waste disposal, sharps safety and respiratory etiquette. Standard precautions require that the risk for exposure be assessed and appropriate precautions taken based on risk. Observations and anecdotal evidence have led us to believe that understanding of standard precautions is lacking among healthcare personnel. Methods: A survey was conducted at a large health system to assess knowledge and practices related to specific elements of standard precautions. Results: More than 3,000 HCWs responded from inpatient settings (41%), outpatient settings (37%), and both settings (22%). Nurses comprised the majority of respondents (54%), and others included physicians (9%), respiratory therapists, as well as physical and occupational therapists. Discussion: The vast majority (96%) of respondents agreed that standard precautions were required in the care of all patients, but a significant proportion (34%) interpreted that to mean that standard precautions always involve wearing gloves, and 22.5% thought that PPE was always required for standard precautions. Hand hygiene and sharps safety were identified as the best understood elements of standard precautions. Respiratory etiquette and cleaning and disinfection were reported as the least understood elements, with PPE, waste disposal, and linen handling also being reported as inadequately understood components of standard precautions (Fig. 1). Conclusions: In an era of increasing drug resistance and fewer effective antibiotics, standard precautions are our best defense against the spread of infections in the healthcare setting. Our survey showed that there is room for improvement among healthcare workers in understanding of the elements of standard precautions. We plan to use the survey to craft a targeted education campaign to improve understanding of and adherence to standard precautions.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

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Spendlove, Julie. "Standard precautions in dentistry." Dental Nursing 7, no. 12 (December 2011): 692–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/denn.2011.7.12.692.

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Abdul Wahab, Patimah, and Fatin Amanina Mohd Adie. "Knowledge and Compliance of Standard Precautions Among The Undergraduate Nursing Students." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARE SCHOLARS 4, no. 2 (July 31, 2021): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/ijcs.v4i2.184.

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Background: Lack of knowledge and understanding of standard precautions, and insufficient compliance with the established guidelines in nursing students will increase the risk of exposure to healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). This study aims to determine knowledge and compliance of standard precautions among the undergraduate nursing students and to identify the associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the undergraduate nursing students from a Malaysian public university in Pahang. A convenience sampling was used to select the participants. The participants were asked to complete an online survey consisting of questionnaire of knowledge and compliance of standard precautions. Results: A total of 178 undergraduate nursing students completed the questionnaires (response rate = 95%). Their mean age was 22.7 years old (SD = 1.1). The score of standard precautions knowledge was 90.9% (mean score = 16.4/18, SD = 1.5) and the score of compliance was 91.8% (mean score = 73.4/80, SD = 10.7). There were significant associations between age (p = 0.002), year of study (p = 0.032) and clinical posting experience (p = 0.010) with knowledge of standard precautions. Whilst only age (p = 0.011) was significantly associated with compliance of standard precautions. There was a significant positive association between knowledge and compliance of standard precautions (rs = 0.187, p = 0.012). Conclusion: Knowledge and compliance of standard precaution among the undergraduate nursing students were high and achieved the expected requirement for clinical posting. A continuous effort to improve adherence to standard precautions in nursing students is necessary to protect and prevent them from getting infected particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Lim, Ji-Hye, Jung-Won Ahn, and Youn-Jung Son. "Association between Hospital Nurses’ Perception of Patient Safety Management and Standard Precaution Adherence: A Cross-Sectional Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 23 (November 27, 2019): 4744. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16234744.

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Standard precautions should be applied to prevent health care-associated infections during every nursing activity. However, adherence to standard precautions was reported to be inadequate. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the rates of standard precaution adherence and the association between perception of patient safety management and standard precaution adherence. In this cross-sectional descriptive study, a convenience sample of nurses was recruited from a university-affiliated teaching hospital in Seoul, Korea. Data were collected using a structured self-report questionnaire. Among the 332 questionnaires returned (response rate: 94.9%), a total of 329 nurses were analyzed. In the present study, the overall standard precaution adherence rate was approximately 53.5%. The multiple linear regression results revealed that participants’ perceptions of patient safety management were only significantly associated with standard precaution adherence after adjusting other covariates (β = 0.412, p < 0.001). Nurse supervisors should focus more on raising awareness about nurses’ perception of patient safety management based on the specific work environment, such as the total number of nurses working together and the nurse-to-patient ratio. Nurse educators should develop integrated curricula to help graduate nurses transition smoothly into professional practice and enhance adherence to standard precautions in diverse health care settings.

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Aung, Sa Sa, Nursalam Nursalam, and Yulis Setiya Dewi. "FACTORS AFFECTING THE COMPLIANCE OF MYANMAR NURSES IN PERFORMING STANDARD PRECAUTION." Jurnal Ners 12, no. 1 (June 5, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jn.v12i1.2294.

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Introduction: Exposure to pathogens is a serious issue for nurses. The literature explains that standard precaution have not consistently done in nursing. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors affecting the compliance of nurses in Myanmar in performing standard precautions. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design. Samples included 34 nurses in Waibagi Specialist Hospital (SHW), Myanmar. The independent variables were the characteristics of nurses, knowledge of standard precaution, and exposure to blood / body fluids and needle puncture wounds. The dependent variable was the performance of standard prevention. Data analyzed using descriptive analysis and logistic regression. Results: The result showed that almost respondents (91.18%) had a good knowledge about prevention standards and 73.5% of respondents had good adherence in performing standard precaution. However, in practice nurses have not been consistent in closing the needles that have been used correctly. The results showed that nurse characteristics did not significantly affect adherence to standard precaution with statistical test results as follows: age (p = 0.97), gender (p = 1.00), religion (p = 0.72), education (p = 0.85), work experience at SHW (p = 0, 84), education training program (p = 0.71), knowledge (p = 0.76), and needle stick injury (p = 0,17). But, there was a significant influence between adherence to standard precaution on the incidence of injury due to puncture needle with p value = 0.01. Discussion: The barriers to applying standard precautions by Myanmar nurses can be reduced by providing basic training, supervision and improvement of operational standard procedures.

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Faller, Rebecca, Priya Sampathkumar, and Stacy Ung. "How Standard Are Standard Precautions? Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Standard Precautions at an Academic Medical Center." American Journal of Infection Control 48, no. 8 (August 2020): S5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2020.06.145.

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Rochwani, Ritu, and Mini Sharma. "Assessment of the knowledge and practices regarding standard precaution among nursing staff at a tertiary care hospital of Raipur city, Chhattisgarh." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, no. 4 (March 27, 2019): 1516. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20191377.

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Background: Nurses as healthcare providers obliged to protect herself and patients against infections. Therefore, nurses should have knowledge and strict adherence to standard precautions. Hence, this study was undertaken to assess the knowledge and practices of nursing staff regarding standard precautions. Aims and objectives of the study were to assess the knowledge of nursing staff regarding standard precaution and to observe the practices of nursing staff regarding standard precaution.Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted among staff nurses working in Bhim Rao Ambedkar Memorial Hospital, Raipur, and Chhattisgarh, from January to March 2017 among 100 staff nurses. Pretested predesigned semi-structured questionnaires were used. Data collected were entered in Microsoft excel sheet. The statistical analysis was done by using epi info 7. Frequencies and percentage were presented for categorical variables.Results: The overall knowledge regarding standard precaution were excellent (>75% score) in 8% nurses. Good knowledge (50 to 75%) in 83% and average (25 to 50%) in 9%. The Practises regarding standard precautions among the nurses were good in 72%, excellent in 17% and average in 11%.Conclusions: Based on the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that in spite of having good knowledge regarding standard precaution among the nurses, practices were not to up to the mark.

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Mollah, Azharuddin, Soumalya Ray, Prabha Shrivastava, and Dilip Kumar Das. "Awareness on standard precautions among auxiliary nurse midwives in a subdivision of Purba Bardhaman district, West Bengal." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, no. 3 (February 22, 2019): 1310. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20190632.

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Background: Due to their occupation, health workers are always at-risk of developing life-threatening infections. “Standard precautions” acts as a protective barrier against this. There is a lack of information about awareness on standard precaution among auxiliary nurse midwives (ANMs), the frontline health personnel working at Sub-centres. The aim of the study was to assess the current awareness on Standard precautions among ANMs.Methods: This descriptive study with cross-sectional design was conducted at sub centre level of Bardhaman Sadar North subdivision, Purba Bardhaman district, West Bengal. In this study, conducted between September-November 2017, three blocks were chosen from the seven blocks in the subdivision through simple random sampling. All ANMs working in these blocks were approached and data were collected on background characteristics and knowledge on key elements of Standard precautions using a pre-tested and pre-designed self-administered questionnaire. Items assessing standard precaution were scored one (for correct response) and zero (for incorrect/missed response). Maximum possible score was fourteen and minimum was zero. Statistical analysis used association of acceptability of knowledge with background characteristics were assessed using bivariate analysis and binary logistic regression.Results: Median (IQR) of the score obtained was 10 (9, 12). Out of total 138 subjects, 64.5% had acceptable knowledge (score ≥10) regarding standard precautions. Participants’ age had a statistically significant association with acceptable knowledge in the bivariate analysis; however, in the final model, only training status of the participants remained significant [AOR-0.304 (0.098-0.938)].Conclusions: It emphasized the importance of regular training on Standard precautions for ANMs.

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McCoy, Kimberly D., Susan E. Beekmann, Kristi J. Ferguson, Thomas E. Vaughn, James C. Torner, Robert F. Woolson, and Bradley N. Doebbeling. "Monitoring adherence to Standard Precautions." American Journal of Infection Control 29, no. 1 (February 2001): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mic.2001.111226.

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Harte, Jennifer A. "Standard and Transmission-Based Precautions." Journal of the American Dental Association 141, no. 5 (May 2010): 572–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.2010.0232.

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Hoy, Jennifer, and Jacqui Richmond. "Standard precautions and infection control*." Healthcare infection 14, no. 1 (March 2009): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hi09003.

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Nazarko, Linda. "Standard precautions in infection control." Nursing and Residential Care 9, no. 10 (October 2007): 463–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/nrec.2007.9.10.27199.

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Sagita, Rina Wijayanti. "FACTORS AFFECTING NURSES’ COMPLIANCE IN IMPLEMENTING STANDARD PRECAUTIONS IN GOVERNMENT HOSPITAL IN YOGYAKARTA." Indonesian Contemporary Nursing Journal (ICON Journal) 3, no. 2 (March 13, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/icon.v3i2.4972.

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Background:Nosocomial infection is infections that occur in patients when they are hospitalized. Data in several countries found that hundreds of millions patients worldwide are exposed to nosocomial infection each year. Standard precautions are applied to prevent infections in the hospital. The results of observations and interviews on nurses at Wates Regional Public Hospital found non-compliance of nurses in implementing standard precautions.Objective:The aim of this study is to determine factors affecting nurses’ compliance in Wates Regional Public Hospital, Yogyakarta.Method: This was cross sectional study, using questionnaire and standard precautions compliance check list. Observation was conducted twice on june 26th to July 7th, 2018. The subjects were 103 nurses in 10 inpatients room, taken by total sampling. Data was analyzed by pearson, spearman and mann whitney u test as bivariate, and also linier regression as multivariate.Result:The result of this study indicate that there were significant relationship between gender, standard precautions knowledge, motivation and work experience with nurses’ (p < 0,05), while there were insignificant relationship between age, education level, attitude, risk perception, preventive efficacy, risk taking personality, needle punctured experience, workload, infection knowledge, work stress, obstacles in standard precautions, the availability of personal protective equipment, safety climate and safety performance feedback with nurses’ compliance (p > 0.05). Multivariate test indicate that motivation has a dominant influence on nurses’ compliance.Conclusion and Suggestion: Factors influencing nurse compliance with standard precautions include motivation, work experience and risk taking personality. The dominant factor influencing nurse compliance with standard precautions is motivation. Suggestions from this study are to improve the completeness of facilities and tools related to standard precautions, monitoring and evaluation of nurses’ compliance. Further study needs to be held related to standard precautions each component include hand washing, personal protective equipment usage, care equipment decontamination, safe injecting practices, sharp objects and waste management.Key words:nosocomial infection, compliance to standard precaution, Wates Regional Public Hospital 1: Wates Regional Public Hospital2: Master in Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing UGM

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Dotimi, Doris A., Alfred O. Odongo, and Kerochi Atei. "Individual factors affecting compliance with standard infection prevention precautions on the use of personal protective equipment among community health practitioners in Bayelsa State, Nigeria." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 10, no. 1 (December 29, 2022): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20223532.

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Background: Individual factors may have an impact on how well healthcare workers adhere to standards for infection prevention. The aim of the study was to identify individual factors affecting compliance with personal protective equipment (PPE) use among community health practitioners in Bayelsa State, Nigeria.Methods: Three hundred and fifty-four (354) self-structured questionnaires were manually distributed among community health practitioners who worked at government-owned primary health care facilities in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Item mean analysis with a criterion mean set at 2.0 was used to analyze the quantitative data of the 3-Likert scale and results were presented in tables, item mean, and percentages.Results: Individual factors affecting compliance with standard infection prevention precautions on the use of PPE were difficulty to feel veins while wearing PPE (x=2.7), some level of discomfort while performing skills using the PPE (x=2.0), and lack of knowledge of how to use the PPE (x=2.9). It was also revealed that those who complied with the standard infection prevention precaution do so because they understand that the use of PPE prevents them from being infected (x=2.9).Conclusions: Individual factors that affect compliance with standard infection prevention precautions on the use of PPE among community health practitioners can be modified. It is recommended that community health practitioners should have a positive attitude towards compliance with standard infection prevention precautions, especially in this post-COVID-19 era. The government should conduct continuous in-service training and regular supportive supervision on compliance with standard infection prevention precautions among health workers in the primary health care setting.

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Yang, Sun Yi, and Hyo Nam Lim. "Awareness and Performance on Standard Precautions of Hospital-acquired Infection Control in Nursing Students: The Mediating Effect of Internal Health Locus of Control." Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education 23, no. 4 (November 30, 2017): 378–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5977/jkasne.2017.23.4.378.

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Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify the status of performance on standard precautions among nursing students and to examine the mediating effects of internal health locus of control on the relationship between awareness and performance on standard precautions of hospital-acquired infection control. Methods: The participants in this study were 134 nursing students. The measurements included a standard precautions awareness and performance scale, and a multidimensional health locus of control scale. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, $Scheff{acute{e}}$ test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and simple and multiple regression techniques. Mediation analysis was performed by the Baron and Kenny's method and Sobel test. Results: The mean score of standard awareness, standard performance, and internal health locus of control about standard precaution were $174.30{pm}9.08$; $169.48{pm}12.04$; and $20.43{pm}2.82$; respectively. There was a positive correlation between standard awareness and performance (r=.414, p<.001). Also, standard awareness was significantly correlated with internal health locus of control (r=.413, p=.014). Internal health locus of control showed partial mediating effects in the relationship between awareness and performance. Conclusion: The results indicate a need to improve the internal health locus of control of nursing students. Therefore, an internal health locus of control improvement program should improve performance on standard precautions for patients and themselves.

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Jael, Susy A., Tatyannah Alexa E. Maristela, Jemarjo Coleen R. Alano, Winston T. Wushoma, and Tedd Abiel L. Jumarang. "Awareness and Practice of Standard Precautions for Infection Control Among Student Nurses." Abstract Proceedings International Scholars Conference 7, no. 1 (December 18, 2019): 417–133. http://dx.doi.org/10.35974/isc.v7i1.1038.

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Introduction: Infection control is a critical concern in any health care setting among healthcare providers which include student nurses. The dearth of literature and studies among student nurses prompted the conduct of this study. This study sought to determine the awareness and practice of standard precaution (handwashing, safe handling of needles and other sharp devices, and disposal of contaminated materials) for infection control among student nurses. Methodology: Data were collected from 121 nursing students comprising of 2nd, 3rd and 4th years. Participants were obtained through purposive sampling, from one of the universities in the Philippines. Results: Results showed that the awareness of the respondents was very high, practice of standard precautions for infection control in terms of handwashing and proper handling and disposal of contaminated materials were excellent, with very good practice in terms of safe handling of needles and other sharp devices. There was a statistically significant relationship between awareness and practice on standard precaution in terms of proper handling and disposal of contaminated materials, wherein those with high awareness are more likely to have a better practice. However, there was no significant relationship between awareness and the practice of standard precautions for infection control in terms of handwashing and safe handling of needles and other sharp devices. Year level and sex did not make any significant difference in the practice of standard precaution for infection control but the year level and sex were significant predictors of practice of standard precaution for infection control in terms of safe handling of needles and other sharp devices, wherein students in higher level tend to have a better practice. Awareness was a significant predictor of practice of standard precaution for infection control in terms of proper handling and disposal of contaminated materials, wherein the higher the awareness the better is the practice. Recommendation: Standard precaution for infection control concept and proper practice should be introduced to the students as early as their first year in the nursing program.

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Monier, S., E. Garcia, M. Giard, I. Russell, J. Fabry, and A. Savey. "Programme stoprisk: all about standard precautions." BMC Proceedings 5, Suppl 6 (2011): P283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1753-6561-5-s6-p283.

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Carr-Locke, David L., Roy Soetikno, and Reem Z. Sharaiha. "Whatever happened to universal/standard precautions?" Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 92, no. 2 (August 2020): 399–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2020.04.001.

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Lorenz, Helen, Rachael Court, and Marija Juraja. "Standard precautions – Translating knowledge into practice." Infection, Disease & Health 21, no. 3 (November 2016): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.idh.2016.09.099.

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Hussain, Firdous, Ruby Khatoon, Beena Sachan, and J. P. Srivastava. "Knowledge and practice of the universal precaution among nursing students of Eras’s Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, no. 8 (July 23, 2018): 3326. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20183055.

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Background: Health care workers (HCWs) are at risk of various occupational hazards in the hospital, including exposure to bloodborne infections such as HIV and hepatitis B and C virus (HBV and HCV) infection from sharps injuries and contact with body fluids. All health care workers should routinely use appropriate barrier precautions to prevent skin and mucous membrane exposure during contact with any patient's blood or body fluids that require universal precautions. The objective of the study was to evaluate both the knowledge and the practice of standard precautions by nursing students in the teaching hospital.Methods: It is a cross sectional study conducted in Era’s Lucknow Medical College and Hospital over a period of two months from November 2014 to December 2014 on nursing students. 100 nursing students were included in this study. All the nurses had been professionally active for 1 year or more in direct patient care and hospital hygiene.Results: Most of the nursing students were aware of the concept of universal precaution. 97% of nursing students used to wash their hands before and after patient care. In reasons for use of universal precaution it was found that100% of nursing student said use of universal precaution is to protect health care worker. While 100% said it protects HCW while handling infectious waste. Nursing students knowledge regarding indications of hand hygiene was found 97.Conclusions: The findings of this study highlight the need to implement a programme to improve knowledge on standard precautions.

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Preethi Shankar, Abilasha R, and Preetha S. "Importance of the universal precautions among health care personnel and its impact against Covid-19 spread - A survey." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL1 (September 21, 2020): 675–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl1.3065.

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Universal precautions are a vital standard set of rules applied to be followed by patients and doctors while carrying out any clinical procedure, but especially in patients with blood-borne diseases or infections. It is carried out to prevent the spread of infection from one person to another. Universal precautions are of great significance to medical personnel, where they expose themselves to numerous infectious diseases. The research aimed to assess and improve knowledge about universal precautions among health care personnel to reduce the rate of harmful exposure and infections among them. A questionnaire comprising 20 questions was created and circulated among 100 health care workers through the online platform "Google forms". The results were collected and analysed. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. It was evident that many people were not aware of the seriousness of universal precautions. Fortunately, many medical personals followed and were aware of universal precaution to an extent. Universal precaution should be followed religiously and judiciously to prevent the spread of deadly diseases.

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Nazarko, Linda. "Standard precautions: how to help prevent infection." British Journal of Healthcare Assistants 2, no. 3 (March 2008): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjha.2008.2.3.28845.

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Ellison, Angela M., Milton Kotelchuck, and Howard Bauchner. "Standard Precautions in the Pediatric Emergency Department." Pediatric Emergency Care 23, no. 12 (December 2007): 877–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/pec.0b013e31815c9de4.

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Timm, J. "Measuring application of standard body substance precautions." American Journal of Infection Control 18, no. 2 (April 1990): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0196-6553(90)90150-q.

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Borg, M. A. "Clinical waste disposal and CDC standard precautions." Journal of Hospital Infection 65, no. 2 (February 2007): 176–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2006.09.015.

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Powers, Donna, Donna Armellino, Mary Dolansky, and Joyce Fitzpatrick. "Factors influencing nurse compliance with Standard Precautions." American Journal of Infection Control 44, no. 1 (January 2016): 4–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2015.10.001.

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Mersal, Fathia, and Lamiaa Keshk. "Compliance to standard precautions among nurses working in Qassim hospitals in KSA." International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 5, no. 4 (November 23, 2016): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijbas.v5i4.6832.

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Background: Compliance with standard precautions has been shown to reduce the risk of exposure to blood and body fluids. Nurses represent the largest percentage of the health care workers hence; their compliance with standard precautions guidelines seems to be more crucial in preventing the disease transmission among patients.Aim: this study aims to evaluate compliance to standard precautions among nurses working in Qassim Hospitals in KSA.Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted in 4 multispecialty hospitalsof Al-Qassim region, KSA. A purposive sampling approach was adopted whereas sample consisted of 284 male and female nurses working in multispecialty hospitals. Data collected through self-administrative questionnaire which consists of; personal and work characteristics of nurses, nurses’ knowledge and compliance of standard precautions.Results: Nearly half of nurses had poor knowledge regarding standard precautions and the majority of nurses had better compliance to standard precautions. However nearly one third of nurses had good compliance to waste disposal.Conclusions:Compulsive training courses found to be vital for developing awareness among nurses, improving compliance to standard precautions and good clinical practice.Recommendations: Further studies are recommended by using different methods for data collection. Written universal precautions guidelines for infection control should be available.

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La-Rotta, Ehideé Isabel Gómez, Clerison Stelvio Garcia, Felipe Barbosa, Amanda Ferreira dos Santos, Gabriela Mazzarolo Marcondes Vieira, and Mariângela Carneiro. "Evaluation of the level of knowledge and compliance with standart precautions and the safety standard (NR-32) amongst physicians from a public university hospital, Brazil." Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia 16, no. 3 (September 2013): 786–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1415-790x2013000300021.

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Brazil is the first country in the world to have broad coverage standard (NR-32) focused on protecting health workers exposed to biological risks. This study evaluated the degree of knowledge of the NR-32 Standard and the level of knowledge and compliance with the standard precautions. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 208 randomly selected health professionals; 93 of them were residents and 115 were physicians at a Brazilian Clinical Hospital. To collect information, the participants were interviewed and/or they completed semi-structured questionnaires divided into three domains: knowledge of the standard, knowledge of biosafety, and compliance with standard precautions. Cronbach's alpha was used to assess internal consistency of the scales of knowledge and compliance with values above +0.75 indicating excellent agreement. Multivariate linear regression was used to evaluate the predictors for compliance with NR-32, biosafety, and standard precautions. Mean knowledge of the NR-32 Standard was 2.2 (± 2.02) points (minimum 0 and maximum 7 points). The minimum expected mean was 5.25 points. The mean knowledge of biosafety was 12.31 (± 2.10) points (minimum 4 and maximum16 points). The minimum expected mean was 12.75 points. The mean compliance with standard precautions was 12.79 (± 2.6) points (minimum 6 and maximum 18 points). The minimum expected mean was 13.5 points. The individual means for using gloves, masks and goggles during procedures and for not recapping needles were 2.69, 2.27, 1.20 and 2.14, respectively. The factors associated with knowledge of the NR-32 were: greater knowledge amongst those who studied at a public university and who had knowledge of biosafety. The knowledge of the NR-32 Standard was low, but there was a good level of knowledge of biosafety issues. The compliance with standard precautions was acceptable in general, but was low for some of the evaluated precautions.

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Thapa, Alisha, and Hari Prasad Kaphle. "Knowledge and Factors Associated with Compliance of Standard Precautions in Clinical Exposure among Proficiency Certificate Level Nursing Students of Pokhara, Nepal." Journal of Health and Allied Sciences 11, no. 1 (August 18, 2021): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.37107/jhas.228.

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Introduction: The compliance with standard precautions during clinical exposure prevents the risk of infections in health professionals. Despite high degree effectiveness of standard precautions, low compliance rates has been reported among the nursing students in Nepal. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and factors associated with the compliance of standard precautions in clinical exposure among the nursing students in Pokhara, Nepal. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in between July to December 2019 among 208 Proficiency Certificate Level nursing students studying in different nursing schools in Pokhara. Self-reporting questionnaire was used as a tool to determine knowledge on standard precautions and Compliance with Standard Precautions Scale (CSPS) was used to measure compliance rate. Chi-square test was performed to assess the factors associated with the compliance of standard precautions and binary logistic regression was performed to measure the strength of association. Results: Out of 208 students participated in the study; the overall compliance rate with standard precautions was 65%. Similarly, 91.3% nursing students had fair and only 2.9% had a good knowledge on standard precautions with average knowledge score 12.15 out of 24. Multivariable analysis revealed age <18 years (AOR=2.307, 95% CI: 1.217-4.371), availability of infection control (IC) guidelines in wards (AOR=5.331, 95% CI: 1.852-15.345) and feedback on safety practices (AOR=7.419, 95% CI: 1.409-39.061) as the predictors of compliance of standard precautions among nursing students. Conclusion: The study concluded that, despite having fair knowledge on standard precautions, compliance rate is comparatively less among the students. Age of students, availability of infection control (IC) guidelines and feedback on safety practices were identified as significant predictors. There is an immediate need of training/orientation on standard precautions before clinical posting along with provision of infection control guideline in wards and supportive supervision and feedback during clinical exposure.

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Han, Nuri, Ji-Hyun Kim, and Insook Jang. "Effect of Infection Control Education Based on Digital Story-telling for New Graduate Nurses." Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing 29, no. 4 (November 30, 2022): 517–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7739/jkafn.2022.29.4.517.

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Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an infection control education (ICE) program based on digital story-telling for new graduate nurses.Methods: From June 2 to July 30, 2022, a total of 58 new graduate nurses (30 and 28 nurses in the experimental and control group, respectively) at a tertiary general hospital in D city were enrolled. The effects were evaluated using a nonequivalent control group, non-synchronized design. The effects of the program were evaluated in terms of awareness of standard precautions, performance of standard precautions, and grit.Results: Statistically significant differences between the two groups were found in the awareness of standard precautions (t=-2.18, p=.034) and the performance of standard precautions (t=-3.27, p=.002). Grit was also significantly higher in the experimental group (t=-4.17, p<.001).Conclusion: The development and application of the ICE program effectively improved the awareness of standard precautions, the performance of standard precautions, and grit among new nurses.

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Khokhar, Sami. "Non-Compliance with Standard Precautions: System Theory Approach." International Journal of Nursing Care 1, no. 2 (2013): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/j.2320-8651.1.2.045.

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Rankin, Annette, and Laura Kean. "Application of standard precautions in the community setting." British Journal of Community Nursing 10, no. 11 (November 2005): 503–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjcn.2005.10.11.19959.

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Dages, C., C. Wilfinger, and V. Agnihotri. "“User friendly” standard precautions: Strategy for improving compliance." American Journal of Infection Control 27, no. 2 (April 1999): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0196-6553(99)80147-3.

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Arteaga, L. C. Monsalve, C. D. Martínez Balzano, and A. C. Carvajal De Carvajal. "Medical students' knowledge and attitudes towards standard precautions." Journal of Hospital Infection 65, no. 4 (April 2007): 371–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2006.11.009.

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Agars, Samuel, and Megan Brown. "Physiotherapist adherence to standard precautions: Knowledge and practice." Infection, Disease & Health 22 (November 2017): S14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.idh.2017.09.058.

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Newman, Helen, Suzanne Alexander, and Joanna Harris. "Standard precautions; Doing the right thing for everyone." Infection, Disease & Health 22 (November 2017): S16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.idh.2017.09.065.

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Haile, Tariku Gebre, Eshetu Haileselassie Engeda, and Abdella Amano Abdo. "Compliance with Standard Precautions and Associated Factors among Healthcare Workers in Gondar University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2050635.

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Background. In many studies, compliance with standard precautions among healthcare workers was reported to be inadequate.Objective.The aim of this study was to assess compliance with standard precautions and associated factors among healthcare workers in northwest Ethiopia.Methods.An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 01 to April 30, 2014. Simple random sampling technique was used to select participants. Data were entered into Epi info 3.5.1 and were exported to SPSS version 20.0 for statistical analysis. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were computed and adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was calculated to identify associated factors.Results.The proportion of healthcare workers who always comply with standard precautions was found to be 12%. Being a female healthcare worker (AOR [95% CI] 2.18 [1.12–4.23]), higher infection risk perception (AOR [95% CI] 3.46 [1.67–7.18]), training on standard precautions (AOR [95% CI] 2.90 [1.20–7.02]), accessibility of personal protective equipment (AOR [95% CI] 2.87 [1.41–5.86]), and management support (AOR [95% CI] 2.23 [1.11–4.53]) were found to be statistically significant.Conclusion and Recommendation.Compliance with standard precautions among the healthcare workers is very low. Interventions which include training of healthcare workers on standard precautions and consistent management support are recommended.

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Fusco, FM, and V. Puro. "Meningococcal disease in an ambulance worker." Eurosurveillance 13, no. 10 (March 6, 2008): 9–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/ese.13.10.08061-en.

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We strongly agree with the authors conclusion that the correct application of droplet precautions, including the use of surgical masks, should always be observed when caring for a suspected case of meningitis. When oxygen supplementation is needed, further precaution measures, such as the use of standard low flow oxygen or placement of bacterial/viral filters should be considered.

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Nagar, Saroj. "A Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Program on Standard Precautions in Terms of Knowledge and Practices of Nursing Personnel related to Standard Precautions in Selected Government Hospital of Delhi." International Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Research 04, no. 03 (November 10, 2017): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2455.9318.201729.

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D. Sheela, D. Sheela, R. Rohan R. Rohan, and R. Samyuktha R. Samyuktha. "Awareness Regarding Universal Safety Precaution Among Nurses and Compulsory Rotatory Residential Internship in a Teaching Hospital." Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 14, no. 4 (December 30, 2021): 2141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2311.

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Purpose: The lack of awareness regarding the policies and procedures about universal precautions among medical students has resulted in higher accidental exposure to Blood Borne Pathogens and body fluids. So, the current situation needs such type of study which can help in improving awareness about universal precautions among Nurses and Compulsory Rotatory Residential Internships (CRRI), those who constitute a major role in controlling deadly infections. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among nurses of all departments and Compulsory Rotatory Residential Internships (CRRI) between June & July 2020 in a teaching medical hospital near Kancheepuram. A total of 400 nurses who were deputed in various departments and 50 Compulsory Rotatory Residential Internships (CRRIs) were requested to take part in the study. The emails were gathered and formal informed consent was sent along with the standard questionnaire. The questions were prepared in a simple language from a valid & reliable measure. Statistical methods: The data are entered and analysed by MS Excel. A chi square test is carried to test the association between the proportion. Results: The level of knowledge among nurses and CRRIs were similar without a significant difference between them. The awareness regarding universal precaution in nurses with different working experience were also similar without any significant differences. About 95% of CRRIs were aware about the universal precautions. The awareness about universal precaution and practice was not statistically significant when compared between the nurses and CRRIs. Conclusion: The current study findings assure that the nurses and Compulsory Rotatory Residential Internship (CRRIs) were aware and are knowledgeable about the standard precautions and their importance in reducing infections. The present result shows the infectious committee has a great role in educating the health care workers and provide a better environment for serving the patients.

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Harding, Andrew D., Laurel J. Almquist, and Shabnam Hashemi. "The Use and Need for Standard Precautions and Transmission-Based Precautions in the Emergency Department." Journal of Emergency Nursing 37, no. 4 (July 2011): 367–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2010.11.017.

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Piai-Morais, Thaís Helena, Fabiana de Souza Orlandi, and Rosely Moralez de Figueiredo. "Factors influencing adherence to standard precautions among nursing professionals in psychiatric hospitals." Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP 49, no. 3 (June 2015): 473–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0080-623420150000300016.

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OBJECTIVE Evaluate and correlate individual, work-related and organizational factors that influence adherence to standard precautions among nursing professionals of psychiatric hospitals in São Paulo. METHOD An exploratory cross-sectional study conducted with 35 nursing professionals, using the assessment tool for adherence to standard precautions through the Likert scale, ranging from 1 to 5. RESULTS Knowledge of the precautions received a high score (4.69); adherence received (3.86) and obstacles (3.78), while intermediaries and the scales of organizational factors received low scores (2.61). There was a strong correlation between the magnitude adherence scale and the personal protective equipment availability (r = 0.643; p = 0.000). The training scale for prevention of HIV exposure (p = 0.007) was statistically different between the nurses and nursing assistants. CONCLUSION The organizational factors negatively contributed to adherence to standard precautions, indicating that psychiatric institutions lack safe working conditions, ongoing training and management actions to control infections.

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Donati, Daniele, Valentina Biagioli, Claudia Cianfrocca, Maria Grazia De Marinis, and Daniela Tartaglini. "Compliance with Standard Precautions among Clinical Nurses: Validity and Reliability of the Italian Version of the Compliance with Standard Precautions Scale (CSPS-It)." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 1 (January 4, 2019): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16010121.

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Background: The compliance with Standard Precautions (SPs) guidelines, as a primary strategy for the prevention of healthcare associated infections, is still suboptimal among healthcare providers. However, no instrument measuring nurses’ compliance with SPs is available in Italian. This study aims to assess the validity and reliability of the Compliance with Standard Precaution Scale–Italian version (CSPS-It) among clinical nurses. Methods: The study consisted of two phases: (1) translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the CSPS; (2) validity and reliability evaluation of the CSPS-It. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and hypothesis testing were performed to evaluate the construct validity. Cronbach’s alpha, intra-class correlation coefficient of test-retest scores, and item-total correlations were computed to establish reliability. Results: The CSPS-It showed a sound validity and reliability. The unidimensional model tested at CFA yielded acceptable fit indices. The hypothesis testing supported better nurses’ compliance based on participation in at least one training course on SPs. Conclusions: The CSPS-It is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring the compliance with SPs among clinical nurses. This version will allow for the conduction of further studies in favor of progress in this specific field of research. Managers should pay greater attention in monitoring compliance with SPs among clinical nurses.

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Melo, Dulcelene de Sousa, Adenícia Custódia Silva e. Souza, Anaclara Ferreira Veiga Tipple, Zilah Cândida Pereira das Neves, and Milca Severino Pereira. "Nurses' understanding of standard precautions at a public hospital in Goiania - GO, Brazil." Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 14, no. 5 (October 2006): 720–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-11692006000500013.

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Standard Precautions (SP) are effective strategies to prevent and control nosocomial infections. This study aimed to verify nurses' understanding about standard precaution measures. Data were collected through interviews, followed by content analysis in accordance with Bardin. Eighty-two nurses took part in this study, 75.6% of whom understand SP as protective measures: for professionals (11.0%); for both professionals and patients (52.4%); for patient care independently of the diagnosis (7.3%); for patients with diagnosed infection (9.8%). Other nurses indicated SP as human care (4.9%) and only as Individual Protection Equipment (IPE) (11.0%). Most participants' understanding points to favorable cognitive adaptation to the daily implementation of SP. However, reductionist and even mistaken perceptions about their range persist, which makes the social function of these measures vulnerable.

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Cirelli, Melissa Alves, Rosely Moralez de Figueiredo, and Sílvia Helena Zem-Mascarenhas. "Adherence to standard precaution in the peripheral vascular access." Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 15, no. 3 (June 2007): 512–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-11692007000300024.

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This prospective and quantitative study was carried out in a small private general hospital, where the adherence to standard precaution in the peripheral vascular access was evaluated. The data were collected through a questionnaire aiming to characterize the nursing team's knowledge and opinion about standard precautions and the availability of materials. In addition, a systemized observation of the procedures of vein puncture and medicine administration was performed. It was identified that 84.4% of the punctures had been carried out without gloves or previous hand washing; in 29.7% of the procedures, needles were recapped and 93.2% of the professionals reported adequate material supply. Concluding, the professionals expose themselves and patients to unnecessary risks of infection. The nursing team must be the focus of continuous interventions and future actions in order to minimize the risk of infection in the procedure of peripheral vascular access.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Standard precautions'

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