Academic literature on the topic 'Standard Model (SM)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Standard Model (SM)"
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GREEN, DAN. ""REDISCOVERING" THE STANDARD MODEL AT CMS." Modern Physics Letters A 26, no. 05 (February 20, 2011): 309–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732311035134.
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The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) began 7 TeV C.M. energy operation in April, 2010. The CMS experiment immediately analyzed the earliest data taken in order to "rediscover" the Standard Model (SM) of high energy physics. By the late summer, all SM particles were observed and CMS began to search for physics beyond the SM and beyond the present limits set at the Fermilab Tevatron. The first LHC run ended in Dec., 2010 with a total integrated luminosity of about 45 pb-1 delivered to the experiments.
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Knoepfel, Kyle J. "Standard Model Higgs boson searches at the Tevatron." Modern Physics Letters A 29, no. 10 (March 28, 2014): 1430009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732314300092.
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We give an overview of Standard Model (SM) Higgs boson studies performed at the CDF and D∅ experiments at the Tevatron proton–antiproton collider. Combining the results of many individual analyses, most of which use the full data set available, an excess with a significance of 3.0 standard deviations with respect to the SM hypothesis is observed at a Higgs boson mass of 125 GeV /c2. At that mass, the combined best-fit cross-section is consistent with the SM prediction. Constraints are also placed on the Higgs boson couplings with fermions and electroweak vector bosons and are consistent with the SM predictions within the uncertainties.
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Lunzhi Deng, Lunzhi Deng, Zhenyu Hu Lunzhi Deng, Yu Ruan Zhenyu Hu, and Tao Wang Yu Ruan. "Provably Secure Certificateless Proxy Signature Scheme in the Standard Model." 網際網路技術學刊 23, no. 2 (March 2022): 279–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/160792642022032302008.
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<p>Proxy signature frees the original signer from the heavy signature work. Many certificateless proxy signature (CLPS) schemes have been proposed in the last ten years. The security proofs of most known schemes are given in the random oracle model (ROM). There are only two CLPS schemes with provably security in the standard model (SM). However, in which the size of the system parameter increase linearly with the size of the user’s identity information. That increase the storage burden of the key generation center. In this paper, a new CLPS scheme is constructed and the security proofs are showed in SM. The size of system parameters and the master key are constant in the scheme. Requiring only three pairing operations, the new scheme is more efficient and suitable for mobile computing.</p> <p> </p>
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Okada, Nobuchika, Digesh Raut, and Desmond Villalba. "Domain-Wall Standard Model in non-compact 5D and LHC phenomenology." Modern Physics Letters A 34, no. 10 (March 28, 2019): 1950080. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732319500809.
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We propose a framework to construct “Domain-Wall Standard Model” in a non-compact 5-dimensional spacetime, where all the Standard Model (SM) fields are localized in certain domains of the 5th dimension and the SM is realized as a 4-dimensional effective theory without any compactification for the 5th dimension. In this context, we investigate the collider phenomenology of the Kaluza–Klein (KK) modes of the SM gauge bosons and the current constraints from the search for a new gauge boson resonance at the Large Hadron Collider Run-2. The couplings of the SM fermions with the KK-mode gauge bosons depend on the configuration of the SM fermions in the 5-dimensional bulk. This “geometry” of the model can be tested at the future Large Hadron Collider experiment, once a KK-mode of the SM gauge boson is discovered.
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Avrin, J. S. "ALONGSIDE THE STANDARD MODEL: UNIFICATION VIA GEOMETRY." International Journal of Modern Physics A 16, supp01c (September 2001): 916–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x01008485.
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A geometrical model (GM) featuring a visualizable reduction of the elementary particles and interactions down to common elements has been developed. As a consequence, a taxonomy of particles and various interactions emerge, all in consonance with the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics. However, the GM goes well beyond the SM, incorporating a number of fundamental phenomena and issues for which the latter has no explanation. Since the GMs largely diagramatic development cannot be displayed in this brief paper, only a summary of its conceptual basis and consequences is presented herein.
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Díaz Cruz, L. "The Higgs profile in the standard model and beyond." Revista Mexicana de Física 65, no. 5 Sept-Oct (September 2, 2019): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.31349/revmexfis.65.419.
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We present a review of Higgs physics in the SM and beyond, including the tests of the Higgs boson properties that have been performed at LHC and have permitted to delineate its profile. After presenting the essential features of the BEH mechanism, and its implementation in the SM, we discuss how the Higgs mass limits developed over the years. These constraints in turn helped to classify the Higgs phenomenology (decays and production mechanisms), which provided the right direction to search for the Higgs particle, an enterprise that culminated with its discovery at LHC. So far, the constraints on the couplings of the Higgs particle, point towards a SM interpretation. However, the SM has open ends that suggest the need to look for extensions of the model. We discuss in general the connection of the Higgs sector with some new physics (e.g. supersymmetry, flavor and Dark matter), with special focus on a more flavored Higgs sector. Thus is realized in the most general 2HDM, and its textured version, which we study in general, and for its various limits, which contain distinctive flavor-violating signals that could be searched at current and future colliders.
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Korutlu, Beste. "Softly fine-tuned Standard Model and the scale of inflation." Modern Physics Letters A 30, no. 34 (October 20, 2015): 1550179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732315501795.
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The direct coupling between the Higgs field and the spacetime curvature, if finely tuned, is known to stabilize the Higgs boson mass. The fine-tuning is soft because the Standard Model (SM) parameters are subject to no fine-tuning thanks to their independence from the Higgs-curvature coupling. This soft fine-tuning leaves behind a large vacuum energy [Formula: see text] which inflates the Universe with a Hubble rate [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] being the SM ultraviolet (UV) boundary. This means that the tensor-to-scalar ratio inferred from cosmic microwave background polarization measurements by BICEP2, Planck and others lead to the determination of [Formula: see text]. The exit from the inflationary phase, as usual, is accomplished via decays of the vacuum energy. Here, we show that, identification of [Formula: see text] with the inflaton, as a sliding UV scale upon the SM, respects the soft fine-tuning constraint and does not disrupt the stability of the SM Higgs boson.
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Vayenas, Constantinos G. "The Standard Model (SM) and the goal of force unification." Open Access Government 37, no. 1 (January 6, 2023): 228–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.56367/oag-037-10539.
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The Standard Model (SM) and the goal of force unification The unification of gravitational, Strong and Weak Forces has been a long-sought goal [1-3]. In general, force unification refers to the idea that it is possible to view all of the forces of nature as manifestations of one single, all-encompassing force. Today, within the context of the Standard Model (SM) of elementary particles, [7] scientists seek to unify Gravity with the Strong force under a Grand Unified Theory which binds quarks together and is responsible for the stability of atomic nuclei. These efforts have not been successful yet, most likely because the SM neglects neutrinos [8,9], gravity [4], special relativity [10] and quantum mechanics [11].
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Koren, Seth. "A Note on Proton Stability in the Standard Model." Universe 8, no. 6 (May 30, 2022): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe8060308.
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In this short note, we describe the symmetry responsible for absolute, nonperturbative proton stability in the Standard Model. The SM with Nc colors and Ng generations has an exact, anomaly-free, generation-independent, global symmetry group U(1)B−NcL×ZNgL, which contains a subgroup of baryon plus lepton number of order 2NcNg. This disallows proton decay for Ng>1. Many well-studied models beyond the SM explicitly break this global symmetry, and the alternative deserves further attention.
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Trifyllis, Lampros. "The Higgs di-photon decay in the standard model effective field theory." Facta universitatis - series: Physics, Chemistry and Technology 17, no. 1, spec.issue (2019): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fupct1901089t.
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Starting from the Standard Model (SM) of elementary particle physics, we assume that new physics effects can be encoded in higher-dimensional operators added in the SM Lagrangian. The resulting theory, the SM Effective Field Theory (SMEFT), is then used for high-accuracy phenomenological studies. Through this paper, the di-photon decay of the Higgs boson is used as a sample of a concrete calculation in the SMEFT framework.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Standard Model (SM)"
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MANZONI, RICCARDO ANDREA. "Search for the Standard Model Higgs boson decaying into a di-$\tau$ pair in the double hadronic final state." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/55495.
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Nel modello standard (SM), le masse dei fermioni sono generate attraverso gli accoppiamenti di Yukawa tra i campi di Higgs e fermionico. La misura di questi accoppiamenti e' fondamentale per corroborare la natura del bosone con massa intorno a 125 GeV scoperto dalle Collaborazioni ATLAS e CMS nel 2012. Il canale tautau e' particolarmente promettente, grazie al branching ratio relativamente alto e alla contenuta contaminazione da parte dei processi di fondo. In questa tesi vengono riportati i risultati della ricerca di un bosone di Higgs SM nello stato finale comprendente due leptoni tau. Sono stati analizzati gli interi dataset di collisioni p-p raccolti da CMS nel 2011 e nel 2012, corrispondenti alla luminosita' di 4.9 fb-1 a sqrt(s)=7 TeV e 19.7 fb-1 a sqrt(s)=8 TeV. Sono stati studiati tutti i sei possibili stati finali di-tau: mutau, etau, tautau, emu, mumu e ee. Questa tesi, in particolare, descrive l'analisi condotta nello stato finale doppio adronico tautau. Nei dati e' stato osservato un eccesso di eventi rispetto alla predizione per i soli fondi. La significanza locale eccede le 3 deviazioni standard per valori di mH compresi tra 115 e 130 GeV. Il prodotto della sezione d'urto per branching ratio, misurato per il segnale a mH=125 GeV, corrisponde a 0.78+/-0.27 volte il valore predetto dallo SM. Questo costituisce l'evidenza dei decadimenti in coppie di leptoni tau del bosone di Higgs a 125 GeV. Nello SM, la massa del bosone di Higgs non è protetta da divergenze date dalle correzioni a loop e la cancellazione di queste divergenze avviene tramite il cosiddetto fine tuning. In modelli oltre lo SM, ad esempio il Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM), la cancellazione avviene in maniera naturale grazie all'introduzione di un bosone (fermione) per ogni fermione (bosone) presente nello SM. In questa tesi viene anche descritta la ricerca di un bosone di Higgs neutro MSSM nel canale tautau. Questo canale e' particolarmente interessante poiche' i decadimenti in tau sono favoriti in buona parte dello spazio dei parametri. Non viene osservato nessun eccesso e si procede quindi a fissare limiti di esclusione nello spazio dei parametri di diversi benchmark scenarios. Vengono inoltre forniti limiti sul prodotto di sezione d'urto per branching ratio per i due piu' rilevanti modi di produzione, gluon-gluon fusion e produzione associata con b-quark.
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Barman, Rahool Kumar. "Higgs phenomenology and Dark Matter prospects in MSSM, NMSSM and U(1) extended SM." Thesis, 2019. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/4962.
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Particle physics today is at a juncture where all particles predicted within Standard
Model (SM) have been discovered at the particle colliders while no particles from the realm
of physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM) have been observed yet. The discovery of
the 125 GeV Higgs particle using the Run-I data collected at the Large Hadron Collider
(LHC), by the ATLAS and CMS collaborations, has initiated a new era in particle physics.
Comprehensive studies to investigate the spin and parity quantum number of the observed
resonance prefer its scalar nature and numerous investigations find the properties of the
observed resonance to be in good accordance with the predictions from SM. However, the
possibility of the observed resonance to be a part of an extended Higgs sector is not ruled
out by the current LHC data. Furthermore, the SM does not provide an explanation for various
experimentally observed phenomena viz the existence of dark matter (SM), the neutrino
masses, the baryon asymmetry. Several BSM theories have been proposed to address these
shortcomings in SM, many of which also contain an extended Higgs sector
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Chiu, Justin. "Search for Higgs boson decays to beyond-the-Standard-Model light bosons in four-lepton events with the ATLAS detector at the LHC." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/12490.
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This thesis presents the search for the dark sector process h -> Zd Zd -> 4l in events collected by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider in 2015--2018. In this theorized process, the Standard Model Higgs boson (h) decays to four leptons via two intermediate Beyond-the-Standard-Model particles each called Zd. This process arises from interactions of the Standard Model with a dark sector. A dark sector consists of one or more new particles that have limited or zero interaction with the Standard Model, such as the new vector boson Zd (dark photon). It could have a rich and interesting phenomenology like the visible sector (the Standard Model) and could naturally address many outstanding problems in particle physics. For example, it could contain a particle candidate for dark matter. In particular, Higgs decays to Beyond-the-Standard-Model particles are well-motivated theoretically and are not tightly constrained; current measurements of Standard Model Higgs properties permit the fraction of such decays to be as high as approximately 30%. The results of this search do not show evidence for the existence of the h -> Zd Zd -> 4l process and are therefore interpreted in terms of upper limits on the branching ratio B(h -> Zd Zd) and the effective Higgs mixing parameter kappa^prime.Graduate
Books on the topic "Standard Model (SM)"
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Mutafelija, Boris, and Harvey Stromberg. Systematic Process Improvement Using ISO 9001:2000 and CMMI(sm). Artech House Publishers, 2003.
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Khoruzhenko, Boris, and Hans-Jurgen Sommers. Characteristic polynomials. Edited by Gernot Akemann, Jinho Baik, and Philippe Di Francesco. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198744191.013.19.
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This article considers characteristic polynomials and reviews a few useful results obtained in simple Gaussian models of random Hermitian matrices in the presence of an external matrix source. It first considers the products and ratio of characteristic polynomials before discussing the duality theorems for two different characteristic polynomials of Gaussian weights with external sources. It then describes the m-point correlation functions of the eigenvalues in the Gaussian unitary ensemble and how they are deduced from their Fourier transforms U(s1, … , sm). It also analyses the relation of the correlation function of the characteristic polynomials to the standard n-point correlation function using the replica and supersymmetric methods. Finally, it shows how the topological invariants of Riemann surfaces, such as the intersection numbers of the moduli space of curves, may be derived from averaged characteristic polynomials.
Book chapters on the topic "Standard Model (SM)"
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"The SM SU(3) Group; Quantum Chromodynamics." In The Standard Model and Beyond, 157–72. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789813228566_0006.
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Zinn-Justin, Jean. "The Standard Model (SM) of fundamental interactions." In Quantum Field Theory and Critical Phenomena, 567–92. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198834625.003.0023.
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The Standard Model (SM) 2020 of weak, electromagnetic and strong interactions, based on gauge symmetry and spontaneous symmetry breaking, describes all known fundamental interactions at the microscopic scale except gravity and, perhaps, interactions with dark matter. The SM model has been tested systematically in collider experiments, and in the case of strong interactions (quantum chromodynamics) also with numerical simulations. With the discovery in 2012 of the Higgs particle at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at the European Council for Nuclear Research (CERN), all particles of the SM have been identified, and most parameters have been measured. Still, the Higgs particle remains the most mysterious particle of the SM, since it is responsible for all the parameters of the SM except gauge couplings and since it leads to the fine-tuning problem. The discovery of its origin, and the precise study of its properties should be, in the future, one of the most important field of research in particle physics. Since we know now that the neutrinos have masses, the simplest extension of the SM implies Dirac neutrinos. With such a minimal modification, consistent so far (2020) with experimental data, the lepton and quark sectors have analogous structures: the lepton sector involves a mixing matrix, like the quark sector (three angles have been determined, the fourth charge conjugation parity (CP) violating angle is still unknown).
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Albert Robson, Brian. "The Generation Model of Particle Physics." In Redefining Standard Model Particle Physics [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.111584.
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The main purpose of this chapter is to present the Generation Model (GM) as an alternative to the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics, which is considered to be incomplete. It will be reported how the GM provides an understanding of three generations of leptons and quarks in the SM, a unified origin of mass, the cause and quantum nature of gravity, the matter-antimatter asymmetry problem, mixed quark states in hadrons, and the conservation of CP and the cause of parity violation in weak nuclear interactions.
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Terranova, Francesco. "At the forefront of the Standard Model." In A Modern Primer in Particle and Nuclear Physics, 368–419. Oxford University PressOxford, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192845245.003.0013.
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Abstract The final chapter covers the least-known territories of the Standard Model (SM). It describes the Higgs mechanism using classical relativistic fields. We present the greatest achievement of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC): the discovery of the Higgs boson in 2012. The Higgs mechanism originates fermion masses, too. Lepton masses are covered first: the discovery of neutrino oscillations and the Pontecorvo–Maki–Nakagawa–Sakata (PMNS) mixing matrix. It then turns to the quark sector, stressing similarities and differences with leptons, especially in meson oscillations. The complex phase of the quark mixing matrix (CKM) and the evidence for CP violation are covered. Finally, the chapter looks at the failures of the Standard Model, introducing the idea of naturalness and the dark matter–dark energy problem. The book concludes with two masterpieces of experimental ingenuity that address these issues. The direct search of dark matter by XENON1T (2017) and the observation of gravitational waves by LIGO (2016).
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Zinn-Justin, Jean. "Gross–Neveu–Yukawa and Gross–Neveu models." In Quantum Field Theory and Critical Phenomena, 489–506. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198834625.003.0020.
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In this chapter, a model is considered that can be defined in continuous dimensions, the Gross– Neveu–Yukawa (GNY) model, which involves N Dirac fermions and one scalar field. The model has a continuous U(N) symmetry, and a discrete symmetry, which prevents the addition of a fermion mass term to the action. For a specific value of a coefficient of the action, the model undergoes a continuous phase transition. The broken phase illustrates a mechanism of spontaneous symmetry breaking, leading to spontaneous fermion mass generation like in the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics. In four dimensions, the GNY can be considered as a toy model to represent the interactions between the top quark and the Higgs boson, the heaviest particles of the SM of fundamental interactions, when the gauge fields are omitted. The model is renormalizable in four dimensions and its renormalization group (RG) properties can be studied in d = 4 and d = 4 − ϵ dimensions. A model of self-interacting fermions with the same symmetries and fermion content, the Gross–Neveu (GN) model, has been widely studied. In perturbation theory, for d > 2, it describes only a phase with massless fermions but, in d = 2 + ϵ dimensions, the RG indicates that, at a critical value of the coupling constant, the model experiences a phase transition. In two dimensions, it is renormalizable and exhibits the phenomenon of asymptotic freedom. The massless phase becomes infrared unstable and there is strong evidence that the spectrum corresponds to spontaneous symmetry breaking and fermion mass generation.
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Zinn-Justin, Jean. "Large-momentum behaviour in quantum field theory (QFT)." In Quantum Field Theory and Critical Phenomena, 593–606. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198834625.003.0024.
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Renormalization group (RG) equations are used to characterize the large momentum behaviour of renormalized quantum field theories (QFT), assuming implicitly that such a universal large momentum physics can be defined, something which, beyond perturbation theory is not obvious. Since the initial effective QFT is valid only up to an energy-momentum scale much smaller than some cut-off, large momentum means much larger than the renormalization scale, but still much smaller than the cut-off scale. The existence of this large momentum physics implies the existence of a crossover scale between low and large momentum physics. One theoretic reason for discussing the large momentum behaviour is the apparent connection between the existence of consistent interacting renormalized QFTs and the presence of ultraviolet (UV) fixed points. The absence of identified UV fixed points in infrared-free QFTs, like the φ4 field theory or quantum electrodynamics (QED), leads to the triviality issue. The physics reason is that in collisions it is observed that quarks, fundamental particles of the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics, behave like free particles at the shortest distances presently accessible (the property of asymptotic freedom). This property can be explained by RG arguments if the free theory is an attractive UV fixed point. Therefore, the identification of QFTs where the free theory is an UV fixed point is important, and this has led to examine the large momentum behaviour of all QFTs renormalizable in four dimensions. It is shown that only theories having a non-Abelian gauge symmetry can be asymptotically free. As an application, the total cross section of electron–positron annihilation into hadrons at large momentum is calculated.
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Mkrttchian, Vardan, Alexander Bershadsky, Alexander Bozhday, and Ludmila Fionova. "Model in SM of DEE Based on Service-Oriented Interactions at Dynamic Software Product Lines." In Identification, Evaluation, and Perceptions of Distance Education Experts, 231–48. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8119-4.ch014.
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Creation of distance learning systems that have the properties of mobility, adaptability, and service-orientation are currently the actual scientific and practical problem and future direction of development of general e-learning. The chapter suggests a possible approach to the construction of a single pervasive intellectual environment for e-education services based on the concept of Triple H-Avatar. Structural basis of the proposed distance education system is an interconnected pair of intelligent software agents (avatars): avatar of student and avatar of teacher are implemented using a service-oriented architecture. Avatars are able to adapt to the current level of the student's knowledge, currently available software, and provide technical, telecommunications, and environmental requirements, and various educational standards. As a basis of self-adaptation of avatars, a model of variability, including the three basic characteristics of hierarchy: educational content, interface, and software and technical support. In this case, the mathematical description of the model variability is implemented using the theory of hypergraphs.
Conference papers on the topic "Standard Model (SM)"
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Ginzburg, Ilya F. "Physics beyond SM at photon colliders (γγ and eγ)." In Beyond the standard model. American Institute of Physics, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.54476.
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Bona, Marcella, Marco Ciuchini, Denis Derkach, Fabio Ferrari, Enrico Franco, Vittorio Lubicz, Guido Martinelli, et al. "Unitarity Triangle global fits testing the Standard Model: UTfit 2021 SM update." In The European Physical Society Conference on High Energy Physics. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.398.0512.
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Orduz, Javier. "The Machine Learning role in High Energy Physics." In LatinX in AI at Neural Information Processing Systems Conference 2018. Journal of LatinX in AI Research, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.52591/lxai2018120321.
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We explore some Standard Model (SM) extensions considering Machine Learning (ML) techniques. This is stage one, looking for recents papers, collaborations and events to build the framework and the contributions in this exciting field which combines: Physics, Computing, Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence. Our main expectations (stage two of the project) are to explore some of the new physics scenarios such as THDM, gauge extended models and vector-like models, and we investigate the observables and parameters using some ML techniques to place some bounds and define exclusion regions for the models. These techniques could prove to be useful in the understanding of flavor-changing scalar interactions, the detection of new particles and precise measurements of SM particles.
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Qian, Shaoxiang, and Naoto Kasahara. "LES Analysis of Temperature Fluctuations at T-Junctions for Prediction of Thermal Loading." In ASME 2011 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2011-57292.
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T-junctions are widely used for fluid mixing in nuclear power and chemical and refinery plants. Temperature fluctuations generated by the mixing of hot and cold fluids at a T-junction can cause high cycle thermal fatigue (HCTF) failure. Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers (JSME) published ‘Guideline for Evaluation of High Cycle Thermal Fatigue of a Pipe (JSME S017, 2003)’ which results in a very conservative evaluation. CFD/FEM coupling analysis is considered as a useful tool for the more rational evaluation of HCTF. The present paper aims at the validation of CFD simulations to establish a more rational method of evaluating thermal loading, prior to performing CFD/FEM coupling analysis. It is very important to choose the proper turbulence model for the analysis of unsteady phenomena such as the highly fluctuating flow and temperature fields at a T-junction. Here, large eddy simulation (LES) turbulence models suitable for the simulation of the unsteady phenomena were investigated. LES sub-grid scale (SGS) models used include standard Smagorinsky model (SM) and dynamic Smagorinsky model (DSM). The effects of numerical schemes for the calculation of the convective term in the energy equation on the simulation results were also investigated. LES analyses of the flow and temperature fields at a T-junction were carried out using the above SGS turbulence models. For the sake of comparison, the simulation conditions are the same as those of the WATLON experiments conducted at Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) in the literature. All of the simulation results show the flow pattern of the wall jet with the strong flow and temperature fluctuations, which is the same as that observed in the experiment. The simulation results indicate the numerical schemes have great effect on the temperature distribution and the temperature fluctuation intensity (TFI). The 1st-order upwind differencing (1UD) significantly underestimates the TFI for each LES model, although it exhibits a good numerical stability. On the other hand, the hybrid scheme, which is mainly the 2nd-order central differencing (2CD) blended with a small fraction of 1UD, can better predict the TFI for each LES model. Furthermore, the DSM model gives a prediction closer to the experimental results than the SM model while using the same numerical scheme. In this study, an important finding is that a combination of the DSM model and the hybrid scheme with a large blending factor can provide a prediction agreeing very well with the experimental results.
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Moridis, Nefeli, W. John Lee, Wayne Sim, and Thomas Blasingame. "Gaussian Quadrature GQ Used to Accurately Approximate the Relative Weights of Reserves, Contingent Resources, and Prospective Resources Through A Cumulative Distribution Function." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206097-ms.
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Abstract The objective of this work is to numerically estimate the fraction of Reserves assigned to each Reserves category of the PRMS matrix through a cumulative distribution function. We selected 38 wells from a Permian Basin dataset available to Texas A&M University. Previous work has shown that Swanson's Mean, which relates the Reserves categories through a cdf of a normal distribution, is an inaccurate method to determine the relationship of the Reserves categories with asymmetric distributions. Production data are lognormally distributed, regardless of basin type, thus cannot follow the SM concept. The Gaussian Quadrature (GQ) provides a methodology to accurately estimate the fraction of Reserves that lie in 1P, 2P, and 3P categories – known as the weights. Gaussian Quadrature is a numerical integration method that uses discrete random variables and a distribution that matches the original data. For this work, we associate the lognormal cumulative distribution function (CDF) with a set of discrete random variables that replace the production data, and determine the associated probabilities. The production data for both conventional and unconventional fields are lognormally distributed, thus we expect that this methodology can be implemented in any field. To do this, we performed probabilistic decline curve analysis (DCA) using Arps’ Hyperbolic model and Monte Carlo simulation to obtain the 1P, 2P, and 3P volumes, and calculated the relative weights of each Reserves category. We performed probabilistic rate transient analysis (RTA) using a commercial software to obtain the 1P, 2P, and 3P volumes, and calculated the relative weights of each Reserves category. We implemented the 3-, 5-, and 10-point GQ to obtain the weight and percentiles for each well. Once this was completed, we validated the GQ results by calculating the percent-difference between the probabilistic DCA, RTA, and GQ results. We increase the standard deviation to account for the uncertainty of Contingent and Prospective resources and implemented 3-, 5-, and 10-point GQ to obtain the weight and percentiles for each well. This allows us to also approximate the weights of these volumes to track them through the life of a given project. The probabilistic DCA, RTA and Reserves results indicate that the SM is an inaccurate method for estimating the relative weights of each Reserves category. The 1C, 2C, 3C, and 1U, 2U, and 3U Contingent and Prospective Resources, respectively, are distributed in a similar way but with greater variance, incorporated in the standard deviation. The results show that the GQ is able to capture an accurate representation of the Reserves weights through a lognormal CDF. Based on the proposed results, we believe that the GQ is accurate and can be used to approximate the relationship between the PRMS categories. This relationship will aid in booking Reserves to the SEC because it can be recreated for any field. These distributions of Reserves and resources other than Reserves (ROTR) are important for planning and for resource inventorying. The GQ provides a measure of confidence on the prediction of the Reserves weights because of the low percent difference between the probabilistic DCA, RTA, and GQ weights. This methodology can be implemented in both conventional and unconventional fields.
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Bzymek, Zbigniew M., Aaron Hagewood, Dimitriy Kosovay, Thomas Mealy, and Mark Summers. "Computer-Aided Modeling and Prototyping in Manufacturing Automation." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-52676.
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The Manufacturing Automation course in a standard engineering education prepares students for the most contemporary production and technology challenges. This paper describes Rapid Prototyping and Modeling done as subtractive and additive manufacturing operations in the scope of the UConn Engineering program, as well as its integration into the Manufacturing Automation course. It is a companion paper with IMECE 2014-38355 [1] that reports how students of Manufacturing Automation are exposed to rapid prototyping. This is done in the UConn School of Engineering Machine Shop, Mechanical Engineering Machine Shop and Laboratory of the desk top modelers. Some experience students gain also in MEM Prototyping Laboratory and during class trips to Pratt & Whitney/ UConn Additive Manufacturing Research Laboratory and to CNC Software Inc Experimental Testing Shop. One of the objectives of the course is to introduce students to the processes of advanced Subtractive and Additive Manufacturing (SM and AM). The CAD/CAM cutting software such as CAMM-3 Micromodeler, G-code and Mastercam were used successfully in those operations. The elements of CAD/CAM software were integrated in the model cutting exercises. Full automation of integrated design and manufacturing data exchange was attempted but was found still not possible to accomplish. However the use of automation software in a sequence, tin tandem with data export and import, marks a significant step forward towards integrated manufacturing automation. The research to accomplish the next level of automation will be continued and the results will be applied to reinforce the teaching and practice of Manufacturing Automation. Significant role in helping students to understand the methods of subtractive and additive manufacturing has cooperation with two Connecticut companies that achieved outstanding results in modeling and prototyping. These are Pratt & Whitney in East Hartford and CNC Software Inc in Tolland, Connecticut. The class visits to their facilities and experience with their equipment played a significant role in understanding of the subtractive and additive machining processes. Efforts to introduce students to the concepts of subtractive and additive machining process are described. Conclusions about the teaching methods of product machining concepts and lessons learned are pointed out.
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Cortiade, Evelyne, Pierre-Alban Cros, Erwann Poupart, and Denis Fournier. "OCTAVE : A data model-driven Monitoring and Control System in Accordance with Emerging CCSDS Standards such as XTCE and SM&C architecture." In SpaceOps 2008 Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-3478.
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Heidari, Amir, and Hae-Jin Choi. "Designing MEMS Disk Resonator Based Biological Mass Sensors Under Fabrication Uncertainty." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-86748.
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A radial-contour mode disk resonator has its own advantages, less energy loss and less airflow damping, over existing counterparts such as surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonators and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensors. Taking these advantages of the disk resonators, we design a biological mass sensor in this paper. One of the important challenges in the design of biological mass sensors is inherent uncertainties of MEMS fabrication processes that may strongly affect to the disk resonator performances. Parameters of main effect on the sensor performance (i.e., mass sensitivity, Sm) are identified among many inputs based on response surface method screening process. The shape of the circular disk deviates from a desired perfect circle due to the fabrication uncertainty. Degree of deviation from perfect circularity significantly affects to the disk frequency. In addition, because of the presence of electrodes in sides, the disk rotation angle must be considered as a parameter that can affect the frequency. In this work, the disk resonator is designed to perform robust to the geometric parameter variations. A series of simulation models is developed to obtain natural frequency and mass sensitivity because analytical solutions cannot predict the resonant frequency variation originated such geometric variances. A non-deterministic metamodeling technique is introduced to replace the time consuming simulation models and used for the efficient local sensitivity analysis which is the main challenge of simulation based robust design. The design problem is to find the mean disk diameter in-between 800 μm and 1400μm to achieve robust maximum Sm. A mathematical construct, Error Margin Index (EMI) combining performance mean and deviation, is employed in the solution search algorithm to find a robust optimum design. Our design solution is the mean disk diameter of 1280 μm. The difference of mean mass sensitivity between traditional optimum design and our robust design is about 0.7μm2/ng. The standard deviation of mass sensitivity at optimal design is high (0.68 μm2/ng) and that of our design is low (0.39 μm2/ng).
Reports on the topic "Standard Model (SM)"
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Pusateri, T. Protocol Independent Multicast - Sparse Mode (PIM-SM) IETF Proposed Standard Requirements Analysis. RFC Editor, August 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc4602.
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