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1
Kurowska, Marlena, Elżbieta Sadowska, and Joanna Zawadka. "USTALENIE STANDARDU LOGOPEDYCZNEGO POSTĘPOWANIA DIAGNOSTYCZNEGO U DZIECI DWUJĘZYCZNYCH – UWARUNKOWANIA I WYZWANIA." Poradnik Językowy, no. 6/2021/785 (June 15, 2021): 22–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33896/porj.2021.6.2.
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Gradual, yet constant, changes in the Polish society, which is fairly uniform in terms of culture and unilingual, have been observable in recent years. As a consequence of migratory fl ows, which have covered virtually the whole of Europe, Polish speech therapists (and other specialists) working, among others, in educational establishments, learning disability services, and private practices increasingly often meet non-Polish speaking children and parents. The growing number of such experiences gives rise e.g. to the need to determine a diagnostic procedure standard for such children. This paper is aimed to present selected considerations and challenges regarding the development of a speech therapy standard for bilingual children
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Stich, Daniel S., Timothy F. Sheehan, and Joseph D. Zydlewski. "A dam passage performance standard model for American shad." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 76, no. 5 (May 2019): 762–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2018-0008.
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Objectives for recovery of alosines commonly involve improving fish passage at dams during migration. However, a quantitative basis for dam passage performance standards is largely absent. We describe development of a stochastic life-history-based simulation model for American shad, Alosa sapidissima, to estimate effects of dam passage and migratory delay on abundance, spatial distribution of spawning adults, and demographic structuring in space and time. We used the Penobscot River, Maine, USA, as a case study to examine sensitivity of modeled population metrics and probability of achieving specific management goals to inputs. Spawner abundance and percentage of repeat spawners were most sensitive to survival and migration delay at dams, marine survival, and temperature cues for migratory events. Recovery objectives related to abundance and spatial distribution of spawners were achievable under multiple scenarios, but high rates of upstream and downstream passage were necessary. The simulation indicated trade-offs between upstream and downstream passage efficacy whereby increased downstream passage was required to maintain or increase population abundance in conjunction with increased upstream passage. This model provides a quantitative support tool for managers to inform ecologically based decisions about a suite of management scenarios to facilitate recovery and sustainability of diadromous fish populations.
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Smutchak, Zinaida Vasylivna, Oksana Yuriivna Sytnyk, and Inna Valentynivna Shchogolieva. "THE APPLICATION OF NON-STANDARD FORMS OF EMPLOYMENT AS MEANS OF STABILIZATION OF LABOUR MIGRATION IN UKRAINE." SCIENTIFIC BULLETIN OF POLISSIA, no. 3(15) (2018): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.25140/2410-9576-2018-3(15)-68-74.
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Urgency of the research. The rapid increase of migration flows from Ukraine threatens not only the loss of active labour potential, but also a significant decrease of the demographic potential of the country, which requires the introduction of effective measures to stabilize this process. Target setting. The solution to the problem of migration management lies in the area of improving social standards, quality of education, economic indicators, and especially the level of employment of the population. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. Well - known scientists have made a significant contribution to the study of the Ukrainian migration, its causes, consequences, and possibilities of stabilization: A. Kruglashov, I. Gnybidenko, M. Romaniuk, E. Libanova, T. Lupul, O. Malynovska, V. Makar, A. Pozniak, U. Sadova, O. Sych, V. Troshchynskyi and others. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. At the same time, the use of flexible forms of employment as a factor of the stabilization of labour migration remains out of the question. The research objective. The analysis of the causes and the vectorial orientation of the flows of labour resource potential, which give rise to the need to use non-standard forms of employment as a prerequisite for the stabilization of labour migration. The statement of basic material. The article deals with the problem of labour migration in Ukraine. The factors of influence and vectorial orientation of emigration of the population of Ukraine are analyzed. The use of non-standard forms of employment as a means of stabilizing labour migratory flows is substantiated. The model of regulation of labour migration through the prism of application of non-standard forms of employment is offered. Conclusions. A number of social and economic factors pridetermines the migratory movement from Ukraine which leads to loss of the human and professional potential of the country. In this context, the use of non-standard forms of employment is one of the effective means of stabilizing migratory flows.
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Camacho, J. P. M., J. Cabrero, E. Viseras, M. D. Lopez-Leon, J. Navas-Castillo, and J. D. Alche. "G banding in two species of grasshopper and its relationship to C, N, and fluorescence banding techniques." Genome 34, no. 4 (August 1, 1991): 638–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g91-097.
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A G banding technique combining trypsin and hot saline treatments was used to analyze the chromosomes of two grasshopper species, Eyprepocnemis plorans and Locusta migratoria, both of which contain both standard and supernumerary heterochromatin. Although this technique does not produce G bands like those in mammalian chromosomes, it serves to characterize heterochromatic regions whose nature has been inferred from other banding techniques (C, N, CMA, and DAPI banding). The light regions revealed by G banding contain GC-rich DNA sequences, the more prominent of which coincide with nucleolus organizer regions (NORs). Furthermore, the proximal heterochromatin in E. plorans was heterogeneous, and the standard and supernumerary heterochromatin showed conspicuous differences in organization. Supernumerary heterochromatin is an exception to the regular patterns shown by the standard heterochromatin. The findings are related to the mechanism of action of these banding techniques.Key words: banding techniques, grasshoppers, Eyprepocnemis plorans, Locusta migratoria.
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Sloat, Matthew R., and Gordon H. Reeves. "Individual condition, standard metabolic rate, and rearing temperature influence steelhead and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) life histories." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 71, no. 4 (April 2014): 491–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2013-0366.
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We reared juvenile Oncorhychus mykiss with low and high standard metabolic rates (SMR) under alternative thermal regimes to determine how these proximate factors influence life histories in a partially migratory salmonid fish. High SMR significantly decreased rates of freshwater maturation and increased rates of smoltification in females, but not males, after 1 year of rearing. Warmer water temperatures significantly decreased rates of freshwater maturation and increased rates of smoltification in both sexes. Variation in individual growth influenced the probability of adopting anadromy or freshwater residency as life histories, but produced paradoxical results. Individuals with the highest growth performance within their respective temperature treatments had a higher probability of freshwater maturation, but warmer temperatures decreased freshwater maturation despite significantly increasing somatic growth. Whole-body lipid content was significantly lower for fish reared in the warm temperature treatment, which may explain the decreased probability of freshwater maturation for individuals exposed to warmer temperatures. Our results indicate that changes in somatic growth induced by altered thermal regimes can influence the relationship between body size and the probability of maturation. Accordingly, somatic growth may not be a robust predictor of shifts in the prevalence of anadromy and residency in partially migratory salmonids when compared across thermal regimes.
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Kondo, Beatrice, and Kevin E. Omland. "Ancestral State Reconstruction of Migration: Multistate Analysis Reveals Rapid Changes in New World Orioles (Icterus SPP)." Auk 124, no. 2 (April 1, 2007): 410–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/124.2.410.
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AbstractDuring the past century, numerous theoretical articles explored the evolution of seasonal migration in birds; many of these focused on environmental or social conditions that may have led to the origin of migration. More recent work has focused not on the origin of migration, but on changes in migratory behavior that have occurred in modern species and their immediate ancestors. We used a novel approach, a multistate ancestral state reconstruction of migration, to examine patterns of migratory evolution in the New World orioles (Icterus spp.). Both the multistate and binary reconstructions indicated repeated gains in migration. However, the multistate method revealed details of how migration may be gained that the standard binary-state reconstructions would not have shown. Our maximum-likelihood reconstruction, using branch lengths based on a molecular phylogeny, suggested multiple instances of rapid gain of migration. Furthermore, we found that every migratory species' migration type differed from that of its closest relatives. Surprisingly, no partially migratory species was closely related to a fully migratory species. These novel patterns involving gain of migration demonstrate the utility of multistate ancestral reconstruction for examining changes in migratory behavior in closely related birds.Reconstrucción de Estados Ancestrales de la Migración: Análisis con Múltiples Estados de Carácter Revelan Cambios Rápidos en los Orioles del Nuevo Mundo (Icterus spp.)
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Pardo, M. C., E. Viseras, J. Cabrero, and J. P. M. Camacho. "A supernumerary chromosome segment in Locusta migratoria." Genome 36, no. 5 (October 1, 1993): 919–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g93-121.
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A single female of Locusta migratoria was found to be heterozygous for a supernumerary heterochromatic segment distally located on the M6 autosome close to its nucleolus organiser region (NOR). Reactions to several chromosome banding techniques revealed its heterochromatic nature and its composition of GC-rich DNA sequences and likewise the NORs in this species. This suggests an origin for the extra segment by amplification of GC-rich DNA sequences contained in the distal NOR of the M6 chromosome, which is reinforced by the observation that the NOR of segmented M6 chromosomes produced the larger nucleolus in embryo prophase cells, such as would be expected from the presence of rRNA genes in the extra segment. No accumulation mechanism was detected in this female after analyzing the 213 embryo offspring produced, but an increase in the number of nucleoli per interphase nucleus was noted in heterozygous embryos in respect to standard homozygous ones.Key words: Locusta migratoria, supernumerary segments, nucleolar organizing regions, heterochromatin.
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Frias-Soler, Roberto Carlos, Lilian Villarín Pildaín, Michael Wink, and Franz Bairlein. "A Revised and Improved Version of the Northern Wheatear (Oenanthe oenanthe) Transcriptome." Diversity 13, no. 4 (March 31, 2021): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13040151.
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This work presents an updated and more complete version of the transcriptome of a long-distance migrant, the Northern Wheatear (Oenanthe oenanthe). The improved transcriptome was produced from the independent mRNA sequencing of adipose tissue, brain, intestines, liver, skin, and muscle tissues sampled during the autumnal migratory season. This new transcriptome has better sequencing coverage and is more representative of the species’ migratory phenotype. We assembled 20,248 transcripts grouped into 16,430 genes, from which 78% were successfully annotated. All the standard assembly quality parameters were improved in the second transcriptome version.
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Landys, Mėta M., Theunis Piersma, G. Henk Visser, Joop Jukema, and Arnold Wijker. "Water Balance During Real and Simulated Long-Distance Migratory Flight in the Bar-Tailed Godwit." Condor 102, no. 3 (August 1, 2000): 645–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/102.3.645.
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Abstract We examined Bar-tailed Godwits (Limosa lapponica), a long-distance migratory shorebird, for evidence of dehydration toward the end of their 4,300-km migratory flight from West Africa to the Dutch Wadden Sea. Bar-tailed Godwits are ideal subjects for research on flight range constraints because they can readily be caught in migratory flight. Because godwits are capable of long nonstop travel, we hypothesized that they are physiologically adapted to minimize en route water loss, and therefore, do not experience water imbalance under standard migratory conditions. To test this hypothesis, we compared the hydration state of flying Bar-tailed Godwits at the end of a long bout of migratory flight to that of recently-landed godwits. Flying godwits were hydrated to the same degree as birds with free access to water, suggesting that godwits maintain water balance during migratory flight. To corroborate these empirical results, we ran a theoretical simulation of flight-incurred loss of water and energy in a male Bar-tailed Godwit based on the published model by Klaassen et al. (1999). When a low body drag is assumed, model output suggests that Bar-tailed Godwits flying at altitudes ranging from sea level to 3,000 m will avoid dehydration, and that flight at about 3,000 m will result in the longest possible flight range.
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Akande, Olamide Abigael, Olusola Samuel Jolayemi, Matthew Olusola Oluwamukomi, Oluwatooyin Faramade Osundahunsi, Oluwole Steve Ijarotimi, Elizabeth Alagbe, and Damilola Ibitoye. "Safety Assessment of Locusta migratoria Powder Enriched Peanut-Based Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Foods (RUTF)." Acta Universitatis Cibiniensis. Series E: Food Technology 26, no. 2 (December 1, 2022): 195–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aucft-2022-0016.
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Abstract Migratory locust has been widely reported as a quality protein source. However, there are food safety problems related with the usage of insects as food. In this study, migratory locust powder (MLP) was used as a protein supply alternative to milk powder (MP) in peanut-based RUTFs. Seven formulations were obtained at different substitution levels (0 – 30%) of MP with MLP. Pesticide residues, aflatoxins, triazine and toxic metals were analysed using a GC-MS system and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Formulation with 30% MLP and without milk have the highest level of organochlorine (3.22 µg/kg), organophosphorus (0.40-4.56µg/kg) amongst others. Aflatoxins of the therapeutic foods increased with increasing levels of MLP. The heavy metals, melamine, and cyanuric acid of the RUTFs were below the standard permissible limits. Migratory locust powder could be used as an alternate protein source in the formulation of peanut based RUTFs without posing health threat.
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RATHOD, B. S., M. P. PATEL, A. B. CHAUDHARI, Y. M. GAMI, and H. H. PANCHASARA. "Conservation and improvement of Kankrej cattle (Bos indicus): Status vis-Ã -vis strategies." Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 90, no. 8 (January 6, 2021): 1130–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v90i8.109292.
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The present study was conducted at Livestock Research Station, to compare performance of Kankrej cattle at farm and field condition, and to suggest strategies for the overall improvement of this prestigious breed. The average lactation yield (lit.), standard lactation (lit.), fat percentage, age at first calving and calving interval in the farmers herd was 1669.96±12.24 (1523), 1751.23±12.94 (617), 4.13±0.03 (617), 1464.08±18.41 (260) and 549.93±8.61 (387), respectively during the initial phage of progeny testing program initiated by station and the performance of migratory herd was 2.64 litre (wet average). While, the average lactation yield (lit.), standard lactation (lit.), fat percentage, age at first calving and calving interval at station was 2682.27±126.71 (59), 2501.15±87.72 (59), 4.08±0.09 (49), 1218.42±35.27 (12) and 435.73±13.94 (36), respectively (Elite herd, Anonymous 2018). The lactation yield of daughters born under the progeny testing program was 2050.29±119.20 (104) litres. Looking to the performance gap between the herd maintained at station, field and pastoralist indicates wide scope for the genetic improvement in Kankrej breed by following strict breeding strategies which are discussed in this paper. Conclusively, intensive selective breeding with the use of artificial insemination technology at large scale and progeny testing with precise recording at small scale will solve the purpose in the non-migratory population while, supply of high genetic merit male calf or proven bull’s male calf to the Maldharis having migratory population.
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G S, NAVEEN KUMAR, VANI A, and BASAVARAJ INAMDAR. "Sheep pastoralism in southern Karnataka." Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 92, no. 3 (March 15, 2022): 398–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v92i3.122282.
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Present study was conducted to understand and document the migratory system followed, socio-economic status, management and healthcare practices adopted by pastoralists of southern Karnataka. In-person interview method with a structured questionnaire was used for collecting data from 25 shepherd groups on migration. Migration starts during December and continues for 6–8 months covering around 200 km. The breed is locally called Tumkur or Sira sheep which is not yet recognized as a separate breed. Migratory flock usually contains 1,000 to 1,200 sheep, 50 goats, 10 donkeys and 2–4 dogs. The average adult male to female ratio is 1 : 22. Sale of lambs and penning rental are the main sources of income. Sheep pastoralism is an established and effective way of utilizing the excess green cover in transient regions by the sheep from pasture deficient dry zones. Maintaining the social and community pasture and forest lands at their home place will be a benefit during the lean and non-migratory periods. Assessing the migratory paths, fodder and water resource and penning demand by the farmers on migratory tract will help policy makers to provide suitable interventions to curtail the problems of pastoralists. The traditional knowledge of shepherds should be documentedand validated for larger use. The pastoralists need to be educated and trained about the use of digital finance management, herd diversification, health management and government schemes to increase their profitability and standard of living.
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Ghassemi, Parham, Koran S. Harris, Xiang Ren, Brittni M. Foster, Carl D. Langefeld, Bethany A. Kerr, and Masoud Agah. "Comparative study of prostate cancer biophysical and migratory characteristics via iterative mechanoelectrical properties (iMEP) and standard migration assays." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 321 (October 2020): 128522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2020.128522.
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Awad, Simon, Izabella Rząd, and Przemysław Busse. "The Ringing Site In Jericho (Palestine) – Development Of Bird Migration And Parasitological Research On The Great Rift Valley Flyway." Ring 35, no. 1 (March 12, 2014): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ring-2013-0003.
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ABSTRACT A new research project near Jericho in the Jordan Valley (Palestine) was launched on 10 September 2013, work continued until October 23rd 2013. Standard ornithological work and bird ringing work was conducted using mist nets situated in an oasis type habitat of Wadi Qelt surrounded by palm plantations. The field methods followed the SEEN (SE European Bird Migration Network) standards that include apart from ringing of captured birds, also several measurements (wing length, tail length, wing formula) and scores (fat load and body mass), as well as the studies on the directional preferences of migrants using round, flat orientation cages. Ornithological research was enhanced by parasitological studies analysing migratory birds (hosts) - helminths relations during migration period of the former. This was a part of complex studies covering the Middle East and north African ringing sites. Altogether 481 individuals of birds representing 59 species were ringed and about 50 were retrapped. The most interesting was relatively high share of Masked and Red-backed shrikes as well as good number of birds of local species as Dead Sea Sparrows and introduced Indian Silverbills.
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Cottatellucci, Claudio. "La pronuncia n. 21799/2010 delle Sezioni unite sull'art.31 del d.lgs. n. 286 del 1998: un mutamento di indirizzo che spetta alla giurisprudenza di merito approfondire." DIRITTO, IMMIGRAZIONE E CITTADINANZA, no. 4 (February 2011): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/diri2010-004006.
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1. Il quesito all'esame delle Sezioni unite.2. I profili processuali del giudizio di legittimitŕ sull'art. 31 del d.lgs. n. 286 del 19983. I profili sostanziali.- 3.1. Normazione a clausola generale e standard valutativi.- 3.2. La scelta interpretativa della giurisprudenza tradizionale.4. Il mutamento di indirizzo nella sentenza delle Sezioni unite n. 21799/10.- 4.1. Il superamento dell'eccezionalitŕ come condizione di operativitŕ della clausola dei "gravi motivi".- 4.2. La ricerca degli standard valutativi in relazione alla clausola generale.- 4.2.1. Le peculiaritŕ degli standard valutativi nel caso dell'art. 31.- 4.2.2. La necessitŕ di una recezione selettiva del metodo adottato dalla Corte Edu.- 4.2.3. La qualitŕ della relazione genitoriale vs. l'etŕ del minore.- 4.2.4. L'asimmetria delle condizioni dei genitori vs. la maturazione del progetto migratorio.
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Medina, Carlos, and Lina Cardona. "Effects of Remittances on Household Consumption, Education Attendance and Living Standards: the Case of Colombia." Lecturas de Economía, no. 72 (August 23, 2010): 11–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.le.n72a6498.
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We assess whether international remittances affect Colombian household’s expenditure composition and demand of education. We exploit the migratory wave and institutional barriers to migration that occurred during the late 1990s, identifying the effect of remittances on expenditure composition. The findings suggest a positive effect on education, with beneficiary households spending about 10 percent more of total expenditure on education than non-beneficiary households. In contrast, no effect was found on enrolment rates. However, the analysis indicates an important effect on the probability of attending a private, rather than a public educational institution. Additionally, this study finds no effects on consumption, investment and health expenditure, although remittances do have salient effects on living standards.
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Hayes, Daniel, Gail Fricano, James Turek, Adrian Jordaan, Brandon Kulik, Mary Baker, and Jason Murray. "Predicting response of migratory fish populations to dam removal." Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management 26, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.14321/aehm.026.01.79.
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Abstract Dam removal is a potential habitat restoration alternative through which parties responsible for injuries to natural resources can provide compensation for reductions in fish populations. Predicting the potential response of migratory fish populations to candidate dam removal(s) is a critical step in the natural resource damage assessment process to evaluate whether the proposed action provides adequate compensation. There is currently no standard approach to making such predictions, particularly in cases where data on candidate streams with dams are limited. We considered six modeling approaches for addressing this problem and evaluated the features of each approach for this application. We judged that an approach based on habitat suitability indices and weighted usable area provides the best balance between predictive capacity and cost of model implementation. This balancing act evaluating the cost effectiveness of predictive models is worth consideration in a wide range of fisheries modeling applications.
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Knotter, Ad. "Transnational Cigar-Makers: Cross-Border Labour Markets, Strikes, and Solidarity at the Time of the First International (1864–1873)." International Review of Social History 59, no. 3 (December 2014): 409–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859014000443.
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AbstractSeveral authors have argued that one of the main goals of the International Working Men's Association was to control transnational labour markets. In the eyes of trade unionists, especially in Britain, uncontrolled cross-border migratory movements threatened to undermine wage standards and working conditions. Their solution was to organize internationally, both to prevent strike-breaking and wage-cutting by workers from abroad, and to support unions elsewhere to raise wage standards in their home countries. Cigar-makers operated on a cross-border labour market and were very prominent in the First International. In this article I describe the connections between the German, British, Dutch, Belgian, and American cigar-makers as migratory workers, and their actions to stimulate, support, and coordinate trade unions internationally. I argue that the international cooperation of cigar-makers was primarily motivated by a wish to regulate their cross-border labour market, not so much by an abstract ideal of international solidarity.
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Chernyshova, Svitlana. "Beauty Industry and Racialization of Beauty in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s “Americanah”." Pitannâ lìteraturoznavstva, no. 106 (December 30, 2022): 130–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/pytlit2022.106.130.
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Beauty standards and beauty norms contribute to strict expectations of what physical attractiveness is and should be. Images of white standards function oppressively toward other races and their understandings of beauty. In the context of migratory fiction, the relationship between beauty and race becomes central. The appropriation of beauty norms of the dominant group signals about immigrants’ eagerness to follow the rules and accept the norm of the receiving country. On the other hand, an attempt to follow the beauty industry ideology very often leads to immigrants’ self-hatred and low esteem. They suffer from inferiority complex as they are comparing themselves to a standard that is biologically unattainable for them to achieve. The article deals with Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s novel “Americanah”. The main protagonist, Ifemelu, after arriving from Nigeria to the U.S.A. changes her hair style as she is influenced by the racial stereotypes about White attractiveness. She believes that her chances will be higher is she relaxes her hair. Instead, she suffers from the loss of hair because of bad treatment. Her despair is verbalized in the blog-writing, where Ifemelu criticizes beauty industry which promotes certain standards. After some years in the U.S.A Ifemelu rejects the norms of structural racism and return to her natural hair. This is the symbolic act of reclaiming her identity after long years of suffering from the regime of race. To analyze the oppressive nature of beauty industry in the novel we have used the methods of close reading, hermeneutics, and character’s typology.
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da Silva, Fabíola Katrine Souza. "Morphological Description of the Early Life Stages of Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii (Castelnau, 1855), a Large Migratory Catfish from the Amazon." International Journal of Zoology and Animal Biology 5, no. 4 (2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/izab-16000394.
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The early development of Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii from the Amazon River was described through morphological, meristic and morphometric features, providing useful characters for identification of the species. The specimens of B. rousseauxii analyzed came from samples taken middle Solimões River, in the state of Amazonas, Brazil. The larvae were collected by horizontal trawls on the subsurface of the water column, with a plankton net (300 μm). The larvae and juveniles of B. rousseauxii showed a standard length ranging from 12.68 to 29.29 mm. The specimens were characterized by having a long snout (>40% of CC), small eyes (<10% of CC), anal opening reaching the mid-section of the body (≥50% of CP), a pair of barbels maxillary and two mentonian barbels, both not exceeding the anal fin, two spines on the dorsal fin, presence of filaments in the caudal fin and total myomeres with 46 segments (19 pre-anal and 27 post-anal). Number of fin segments corresponded to: pectoral= I+9, pelvic= I+5, dorsal= II+6 and anal=19. We expect that this study will expand the knowledge about the developmental biology of fish species in the Neotropical region.
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Joshi, Tarun, and Roumi Deb. "Migratory Trajectories: Determinations of Inward and Outward Movement in India." Oriental Anthropologist: A Bi-annual International Journal of the Science of Man 15, no. 1 (January 2015): 117–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972558x1501500109.
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For a country like India whose cultural and economic dimensions vary a lot, it is important to understand the impetus or motivation behind any movement which is on record or not. Internal migration has its own routes and thresholds which may differ from region to region. The basic interest of the movement is prosperity and better life standards, however, the definition of these vary according to the standards predisposed in mind. In general it is been preconceived and also supported by census of India that men migrate more often than women on grounds of employment but studies have shown that there is a shift and women are the one who migrates maximum outnumbering men in many cases. But it is a pity that national level large scale surveys are unable to capture this reality as a result women are treated as secondary earners International migration to and from India have its own pros and cons. Immigration provides cheap labour and strengthen political bonds between party nations, while on the other hand emigration bring foreign exchange to the country. The definition of status is also radically altered by the effect of social meaning of migrant remittances. The emigrants are preferred as a marriage partner in many parts of India especially Punjab which has even lead to the increasing cases of fraud on marital grounds.
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CHATTERJEE, SAMRAT, S. PAL, and J. CHATTOPADHYAY. "ROLE OF MIGRATORY BIRDS UNDER ENVIRONMENTAL FLUCTUATION — A MATHEMATICAL STUDY." Journal of Biological Systems 16, no. 01 (March 2008): 81–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218339008002423.
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Chatterjee and Chattopadhyay1proposed and analyzed a simple one season eco-epidemiological model to understand the role of migratory birds in an eco-epidemiological scenario. In this paper, we have modified their model taking into account standard incidence as horizontal incidence. We have studied the proposed model both in the absence and in the presence of environmental disturbances. From our analysis, we observe that in the absence of the environmental fluctuations, the disease spread by migratory birds may be controlled by either decreasing the contact rate, or increasing the recovery or predation rates. Further, we also observe that if the artificial eutrophication (or intensity of white noise) is kept under a certain threshold value, the control procedure proposed in the deterministic case is also valid in the presence of environmental disturbances.
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Sagitova, Victoria Ravilꞌevna, and Andrey Valeryevich Ivanov. "Conflicts associated with migratory processes: a political perspective." Cuestiones Políticas 38, Especial II (December 8, 2020): 180–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.382e.13.
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The objective of the research was to discuss the conflictive nature of the migratory processes that occur in the world today. The need to adapt and solve daily problems inevitably requires the State to implement international, state and regional standards for the implementation of the rights and opportunities of migrants both in the territory of the donor country and in the territory of the recipient country. On the other hand, we see an increase in the phobia of migrants and the characteristic racism of countries where labor migration flows are increasing. In methodological terms, use was made of hermeneutics close to political ethnography. It is concluded that, for a long time, the criticism of racism has developed as a criticism of colonialism, Nazism, including anti-Semitism, and in modern times as a political criticism of migration-phobia and nationalism, in which the Racist speech and practices have found and do find obvious and complete expression. Migrant phobia is a concept that latently generates motives of political, ideological, racial, national, religious hatred, xenophobia, or hostility towards an ethnic or social group within the framework of social practices.
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Shanahan, Maggie, Michael Simone-Finstrom, Philip Tokarz, Frank Rinkevich, Quentin D. Read, and Marla Spivak. "Thinking inside the box: Restoring the propolis envelope facilitates honey bee social immunity." PLOS ONE 19, no. 1 (January 31, 2024): e0291744. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0291744.
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When wild honey bee colonies (Apis mellifera) nest in hollow tree cavities, they coat the rough cavity walls with a continuous layer of propolis, a substance comprised primarily of plant resins. Studies have shown that the resulting “propolis envelope” leads to both individual- and colony-level health benefits. Unfortunately, the smooth wooden boxes most commonly used in beekeeping do little to stimulate propolis collection. As a result, most managed bees live in hives that are propolis-poor. In this study, we assessed different surface texture treatments (rough wood boxes, boxes outfitted with propolis traps, and standard, smooth wood boxes) in terms of their ability to stimulate propolis collection, and we examined the effect of propolis on colony health, pathogen loads, immune gene expression, bacterial gene expression, survivorship, and honey production in both stationary and migratory beekeeping contexts. We found that rough wood boxes are the most effective box type for stimulating propolis deposition. Although the use of rough wood boxes did not improve colony survivorship overall, Melissococcus plutonius detections via gene expression were significantly lower in rough wood boxes, and viral loads for multiple viruses tended to decrease as propolis deposition increased. By the end of year one, honey bee populations in migratory rough box colonies were also significantly larger than those in migratory control colonies. The use of rough wood boxes did correspond with decreased honey production in year one migratory colonies but had no effect during year two. Finally, in both stationary and migratory operations, propolis deposition was correlated with a seasonal decrease and/or stabilization in the expression of multiple immune and bacterial genes, suggesting that propolis-rich environments contribute to hive homeostasis. These findings provide support for the practical implementation of rough box hives as a means to enhance propolis collection and colony health in multiple beekeeping contexts.
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Clark, K., A. Cole, X. Shiwen, V. Ong, C. D. Buckley, and C. P. Denton. "POS0481 DEFINING DISTINCT RESIDENT AND MIGRATORY FIBROBLAST POPULATIONS FROM SKIN BIOPSIES IN SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 81, Suppl 1 (May 23, 2022): 495.2–496. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.2678.
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BackgroundRecent studies using single cell RNA sequencing have delineated distinct subpopulations of fibroblasts in skin and other organs. To improve understanding of functional differences between fibroblast subpopulations, we have developed a novel technique to selectively isolate “migratory” fibroblasts, and non-migratory “resident” fibroblasts from heathy control (HC) and SSc skin.ObjectivesTo compare migratory and resident populations of dermal fibroblasts in systemic sclerosis by their differential gene or protein expression, and through functional assays of fibrotic potential.MethodsForearm skin punch biopsies were collected from dcSSc(n=3), and healthy control skin(n=3).Migratory fibroblasts were first isolated by standard explant culture, then the residual biopsy fragments underwent collagenase digestion to yield a population of resident fibroblasts that retained in the biopsy fragments. These populations were further expanded for use at passage 3-6.Functional characterisation included 3-D collagen gel contraction, and migratory scratch-wound assays. Expression of pro-collagen I (Col1), CTGF and αSMA was compared by western blot. Bulk RNAseq on each fibroblast population was performed. Statistical analysis was carried out using Rsoftware “tidyverse”. Criteria for significant differences in gene expression were a fold change of ≥1.5, and adjusted p-value (FDR) of <0.05ResultsCompared with HC, all SSc fibroblast populations showed a hallmark fibrotic phenotype with increased gel contraction, faster migration, and overexpression of Col1, CTGF and αSMA compared with HC. However, SSc resident fibroblasts showed attenuated contraction, migration, and reduced levels of αSMA compared to migratory SSc fibroblasts. Bulk RNAseq performed on each fibroblast population confirmed 5579 significantly differentially expressed genes between SSc resident and SSc migratory fibroblasts, whereas no genes were significantly differentially expressed between HC resident and migratory fibroblasts.SSc and HC migratory fibroblasts and resident fibroblasts were then compared, to understand disease-related differences between the two fibroblast populations. 739 genes were significantly overexpressed in the migratory fibroblast population (including ASPM, TRIP3), whereas 745 genes were significantly upregulated in the resident fibroblast population. The genes upregulated in resident fibroblasts included CCL2, CXCL8, and ICAM1.Many genes typically associated with SSc (such as SERPINE1, COMP), were not significantly different between the SSc fibroblast subpopulations, but were significantly elevated in both SSc subpopulations compared to HC fibroblast populations, suggesting that these reflect a more generic SSc phenotype.ConclusionMigratory and resident SSc fibroblast populations exhibit distinct functional and transcriptional differences that are much less apparent for HC biopsies. Further work is required to understand the precise contribution these distinct SSc fibroblast populations in pathogenesis, and how they might be targeted therapeutically. Our findings also highlight that conventional explant culture techniques may ignore important fibroblasts populations and highlight the importance of more detailed analysis such as single cell analysis to better understand pathobiology of SSc.Table 1.Table of the most significantly differentially expressed genes with highest fold change and adjusted p-value (FDR) between the migratory and resident SSc fibroblast populationSignificantly upregulated genes in SSc migratory fibroblastsSignificantly upregulated genes in SSc resident fibroblastsFold changeAdjusted p valueFold changeAdjusted p valueGPR15.990.01CCL238.66<0.0001PPME14.860.011CXCL824.360.0001KIF20A4.340.015ICAM115.38<0.0001CENPF4.310.018EGR115.190.0002STC24.180.01EGR212.770.0002ASPM3.880.02IFI44L11.50.002TRIB33.600.011CXCL611.43<0.0001HAPLN13.360.039PDGF-D10.140.0003CCNB23.290.025OAS38.940.0009KIF143.240.027IFIT18.580.004Disclosure of InterestsKristina Clark: None declared, Alice Cole: None declared, Xu Shiwen: None declared, Voon Ong: None declared, Christopher D Buckley Employee of: founder of Mestag Therapeutics https://mestagtherapeutics.com/, Christopher P Denton: None declared.
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BOLTON, F. J., S. B. SURMAN, K. MARTIN, D. R. A. WAREING, and T. J. HUMPHREY. "Presence of campylobacter and salmonella in sand from bathing beaches." Epidemiology and Infection 122, no. 1 (February 1999): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268898001915.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the presence of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. and Salmonella spp. in sand from non-EEC standard and EEC standard designated beaches in different locations in the UK and to assess if potentially pathogenic strains were present. Campylobacter spp. were detected in 82/182 (45%) of sand samples and Salmonella spp. in 10/182 (6%). Campylobacter spp. were isolated from 46/92 (50%) of samples from non-EEC standard beaches and 36/90 (40%) from EEC standard beaches. The prevalence of Campylobacter spp. was greater in wet sand from both types of beaches but, surprisingly, more than 30% of samples from dry sand also contained these organisms. The major pathogenic species C. jejuni and C. coli were more prevalent in sand from non-EEC standard beaches. In contrast, C. lari and urease positive thermophilic campylobacters, which are associated with seagulls and other migratory birds, were more prevalent in sand from EEC standard beaches. Campylobacter isolates were further characterized by biotyping and serotyping, which confirmed that strains known to be of types associated with human infections were frequently found in sand on bathing beaches.
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Sizemore, Grant. "Do A Little, Save A Lot: Keep Cats Indoors." Wildlife Rehabilitation Bulletin 32, no. 2 (December 31, 2016): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.53607/wrb.v32.37.
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As self‒proclaimed bird lovers, members of birding and nature organizations across the country are positioned uniquely to enjoy, monitor, and protect America’s resident and migratory birds. Whereas enjoying and monitoring these birds is standard practice, how to protect the birds we see is sometimes less apparent. It turns out that one of the best ways to contribute to bird conservation in the United States (US) is to promote the practice of keeping domestic cats (Felis catus) indoors.
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Calvo del Olmo, Francisco Javier, and Karine Marielly Rocha da Cunha. "Lo spazio odierno dell'Europa romanza occidentale: cos'è cambiato negli ultimi cento cinquanta anni?" e-Scripta Romanica 3 (December 30, 2016): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/2392-0718.03.01.
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L’articolo si propone di studiare il profilo attuale delle lingue romanze nell'Europa occidentale. Si presentano dunque le lingue nazionali e i loro rapporti con le lingue locali confrontando questi dati con la descrizione del dominio romanzo europeo fatta nei manuali classici. Inoltre, vengono accennati due elementi importanti per la configurazione attuale del profilo etnolinguistico di questi spazi: i movimenti migratori, intranazionali ed extranazionali e il ruolo delle città come centri produttori della norma standard e delle innovazioni linguistiche.
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Thayer Correa, Luis Eduardo. "Política migratoria argentina reciente: función simbólica del derecho y derechos humanos." Migraciones internacionales 12 (November 15, 2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.33679/rmi.v1i1.2270.
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Executive Decree 70/2017 profoundly modified the legal regime for migration in Argentina. This article aims to analyze the use of this legal reform as a symbolic instrument of criminal policy and contrast them with human rights standards. The methodological approach combines legal analysis with the theoretical study of the reform. The work shows that the decree sought to link immigration and criminality and convey a message of firmness from the State in the fight against crime. As well as provide an update of the debate on the legal reform considering what happened subsequently. It is concluded that the reform has increased the margins of state discretion, generating a greater degree of legal insecurity for migrants. Although limited to a specific national case, the research may have theoretical implications for the study of similar cases.
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Blázquez Rodríguez, Irene. "El estatuto jurídico de los nacionales de terceros países: de la reacción ante la crisis migratoria a la sinergia necesaria." Spanish Yearbook of International Lawi 1, no. 72 (January 3, 2020): 27–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17103/redi.72.1.2020.1.01.
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En estos últimos años, el estatuto jurídico del nacional de tercer país ha recibido una influencia directa ante el contexto geopolítico de la UE, representado por la presión migratoria irregular en el Mediterráneo. En materia de migración legal, el objetivo de asegurar una igualdad de trato de los residentes legales, al tiempo que garantizar una política de integración pierde firmeza y prioridad. Las Directivas sectoriales sobre condiciones de entrada y residencia dan como resultado una fragmentación, cuya consecuencia es una desigualdad de tratamiento entre las diferentes categorías de terceros nacionales, y entre estos trabajadores y los ciudadanos UE. En este contexto es básico asegurar la sinergia adecuada entre la dimensión ad extram y ad intram de la política migratoria a nivel UE, presidida por la exigencia del reconocimiento y la garantía de derechos en materia de entrada y un mínimun standars elevado en cuanto al status del residente.
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Paparella, Rossana, and Mauro Caini. "Sustainable Design of Temporary Buildings in Emergency Situations." Sustainability 14, no. 13 (June 30, 2022): 8010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14138010.
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Unforeseen circumstances that occur anywhere in the world following natural disasters, humanitarian and health emergencies, armed conflicts, or in the presence of migratory flows, require adequate and immediate responses. This work aims to analyze the project requirements useful to realizing modular systems for residential, multifunctional, and hospital intended use, which, even if temporary, can ensure a high-performance standard in terms of comfort and energy efficiency, and at the same time guarantee the possibility of use in the widest possible range and in rapid execution times. The considered requirements have been those of settlement in the territory, energy efficiency, transportability, and re-usability. Temporary modular systems put in place with the abovementioned requirements are the basis of the design proposal; to realize this, they are made with dry technology to be reusable and energy-efficient. Furthermore, this enables the reduction of the minimum modules’ production and times of execution in applying both requirements of standardization and modular coordination. All these requirements also add to the ones relating to energy efficiency, transportability, and reusability, which are the pillars of the project for the achievement of performance above all in terms of standards and comfort levels as it is possible to find in the sustainable building of the living period.
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Santiago, Carlos E. "The Migratory Impact of Minimum Wage Legislation: Puerto Rico, 1970–1987." International Migration Review 27, no. 4 (December 1993): 772–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839302700403.
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Minimum wage research has historically focused on labor mobility between covered and uncovered labor markets within a geographic area. This study examines the impact of minimum wage setting on labor migration. A multiple time series framework is applied to monthly data for Puerto Rico from 1970–1987. The results show that net emigration from Puerto Rico to the United States fell in response to significant changes in the manner in which minimum wage policy was conducted, particularly after 1974. The extent of commuter type labor migration between Puerto Rico and the United States is influenced by minimum wage policy, with potentially important consequences for human capital investment and long-term standards of living.
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Neiff, Juan José, Alicia Poi de Neiff, and Marta B. Canón Verón. "The role of vegetated areas on fish assemblage of the Paraná River floodplain: effects of different hydrological conditions." Neotropical Ichthyology 7, no. 1 (March 2009): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-62252009000100006.
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In this paper, we analyze the changes in composition and abundance of fish assemblages in seven vegetated floodplain wetlands with different connectivity across different hydrologic conditions: after a prolonged connection of the floodplain with the main channel, during receding water, and after a prolonged isolation. We also investigated the size and abundance of large-sized migratory species found in these wetlands and the food resources exploited by the dominant fish. Fishes were captured by diurnal seining (8.0 m x 1.50 m, 5 mm mesh) along macrophyte banks. Despite the high total number of species registered (100), sample species richness varied between 7 and 31, depending on the sampling site and the sampling date. Cluster analysis indicated low similarity between sites during both the isolation and the prolonged connection. Species turnover decreased from high water (β = 40.33) to low water (β = 33.83), with the minimum value of beta diversity index obtained during the isolation of the floodplain wetlands (β = 26.83). Our results indicated that different dominant populations of fish occur in different hydrological conditions, even though high water and isolation phases occur in the same season of different years. The ordination (NMDS) indicated the importance of hydrologic conditions in structuring fish assemblages in the studied floodplain. Small-sized characids, typically associated with macrophytes, dominated the fish assemblages, whereas the younger stages of large sized migratory species were found in low abundance. The maximum standard length of the fish captured was 28 cm and for large migratory fish, standard length varied between 1.6 and 25.0 cm. The dominant fish used several food resources, but littoral macrophytes-associated organisms had a high frequency of occurrence in the three hydrologic conditions. The high species richness of fish in the small, vegetated lakes was related to the high spatial heterogeneity during different hydrological conditions. Disturbances in the hydrological pulses could reduce the biodiversity by modifying the connectivity of the floodplain with the river channel. Conservation of these vegetated wetlands requires maintenance of actual width range of connectivity that provide diverse habitat along the time.
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Busse, Przemysław. "An Analysis of Orientation Cage Field Data – A Case Study of Headings of the Blackcap, Sylvia atricapilla, at the Bukowo/Kopań Ringing Site in Poland." Ring 42, no. 1 (December 1, 2020): 51–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ring-2020-0004.
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Abstract One of the most effective methods of studying the migratory patterns of nocturnal passerine migrants is the use of orientation cages as a supplementary procedure at ringing sites. The most comprehensive studies using orientation cages (Busse’s Flat Orientation Cage) were conducted within the SEEN network (SE European Bird Migration Network), with more than 43,000 tests performed at more than 40 ringing sites in autumn. A number of papers were published based on these data, presenting an overall pattern of passerine migration over SE Europe-Middle East-NE Africa. For more detailed analyses, it was first necessary to solve some methodical problems within case studies. The current work presents details for discussion based on data from 1338 tests of Blackcaps performed during the years 1995–2010 at a single ringing station, Bukowo/Kopań, located on the Polish Baltic coast. The birds were tested according to the standard methodology of the SEEN network (Busse 2000). The problems investigated were (1) the repeatability of heading patterns obtained in different years, (2) the linearity of the estimated arrival and departure headings, and (3) quantitative aspects of the results in the description of the heading pattern when migratory groups are found. It was determined that (1) yearly heading patterns were generally coherent and could be analysed as uniform case data; (2-1) the hypothesis that the arrival/departure heading axes are generally linear is accurate to within about one 10° sector, at least in the case of the Blackcap. This is coherent with impressions from other known data sets, but does not mean that the rule always applies to all species at every location on the migration route. In the future, this problem should be studied on a more detailed scale. It was further established that (2-2) estimating arrival and departure headings makes it possible to define migratory groups (populations) passing the study site. The direct heading estimation procedure seems to be more sensitive in identifying migratory groups than the calculation procedure. Moreover, (3-1) the calculation procedure makes it possible to estimate some quantitative properties of headings of migratory groups and define some interesting, though preliminary, number patterns of local migratory patterns; (3-2) the number relations between birds demonstrating the arrival and departure headings of the migratory group seem to be an interesting parameter for study on the distance of migration of groups within a species and, possibly, between species. This is another interesting problem that cage tests could be used to solve in the future. Finally, (3-3) knowledge about trends of individual populations passing the defined site becomes accessible only using analysis of data from orientation cages. The estimated quantitative indices discussed above could be helpful in presenting the general migratory pattern of the species on a geographical scale.
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Peppicelli, Silvia, Jessica Ruzzolini, Francesca Bianchini, Elena Andreucci, Chiara Nediani, Anna Laurenzana, Francesca Margheri, Gabriella Fibbi, and Lido Calorini. "Anoikis Resistance as a Further Trait of Acidic-Adapted Melanoma Cells." Journal of Oncology 2019 (June 2, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8340926.
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Melanoma is characterized by a low extracellular pH, which contributes to the development of an aggressive phenotype characterized by several properties as the switch to an epithelial-to-mesenchymal program, the increase of apoptotic resistance, and the migratory ability together with the development of drug resistance. Here, we demonstrate that melanoma cells grown in low pH medium (pH 6.7) for a short (24 hours) or long (at least 3 months) period equally express an anoikis resistance profile. Anoikis is a form of apoptosis prompted by loss of adhesion, particularly requested by aggressive cancer cells to metastasize. Anoikis resistance was ascertained in acidic melanoma cells either grown in agarose-coated plates or incubated in rocking conditions. Both analyses indicate that acidic cells were more able to survive in a nonadherent condition than cells grown in standard pH, an effect resulting in a more cloning efficiency and migratory ability. Ability to survive during rocking was inhibited using mTOR/NF-kB inhibitors. Finally, we checked whether characteristics related to thein vitroanoikis resistance acquired by acidic melanoma cells might be also suitable forin vivochallenge. We injected acidic melanoma cells into blood stream, and then we verify how many cells survived in blood after 15 min from the injection. Only acidic cells, transient and chronic, survived, whereas melanoma cells grown in standard pH medium did not. Overall, we have had the opportunity to demonstrate that low extracellular pH represents an additional mechanism able to promote an anoikis resistance in solid tumors.
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Telesetsky, Anastasia. "United States Law and Policy for Sharing Transboundary, Highly Migratory, and Straddling Stock Fishery Resources." Korean Journal of International and Comparative Law 8, no. 2 (December 15, 2020): 205–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134484-12340137.
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Abstract This article describes the United States approach to shared fisheries management highlighting efforts to manage tuna, halibut, salmon and other transboundary species. The article concludes with a recommendation for factoring climate change into U.S. standards for fisheries management.
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Liu, Li, Chao Du, Yan Sun, Wenjing Li, Jiyun Zhang, Litong Cao, and Li Gao. "Spring diet and energy intake of tundra swan (Cygnus columbianus) at the Yellow River National Wetland in Baotou, China." PeerJ 10 (March 15, 2022): e13113. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13113.
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The Yellow River National Wetland in Baotou, China is an important resting and energy replenishment place for many migratory birds, such as tundra swan (Cygnus columbianus). The energy supply of food available at stopover sites plays an important role in the life cycle of migratory birds. In order to understand diet composition and energy supply of tundra swans for further protection of them, in this study, fecal of tundra swans (C. columbianus) were collected and fecal microhistological analysis was conducted to analyze the feeding habits and the energy supply. Results showed that: (1) tundra swans (C. columbianus) mainly fed on twelve species of plants from five families, including corn (Zea mays), quinoa (Chenopodium album) and rice (Oryza sativa), this is related to local crops and abundant plants. (2) The energy provided by crops to tundra swans (C. columbianus) was significantly higher than other abundant plants in wetlands (P < 0.05), corn and rice were the most consumed food, and other abundant wetland plants play complementary roles. (3) The daily energy intake of tundra swans (C. columbianus) was much higher than their daily energy consumption, the daily net energy intake of tundra swans (C. columbianus) was 855.51 ± 182.88 kJ (mean ± standard deviations). This suggested that the wetland provides energy for continue migrating to the tundra swan (C. columbianus). For further protection of tundra swans (C. columbianus) and other migratory birds, the Baotou Yellow River National Wetland environment and the surrounding farmland habitat should be protected.
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Wiff, Rodrigo, Andrés Flores, Santiago Gacitúa, Carl R. Donovan, T. Mariella Canales, Mauricio Ahumada, and Dante Queirolo. "A pilot tagging program on southern rays bream (Brama australis): methodology and preliminary recaptures." Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research 51, no. 1 (February 28, 2023): 34–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3856/vol51-issue1-fulltext-2950.
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The southern rays bream (Brama australis) is a highly migratory, epi-mesopelagic species supporting an important artisanal fishery off central-southern Chile. Despite its importance, several questions exist about this species's demography and migratory routes. The first step in understanding the migratory behavior of B. australis is to test the feasibility of a conventional tagging program, a standard mark-recapture method, to infer migration in fish. Between February 2020 and December 2021, conventional tagging was conducted during 21 fishing trips on board artisanal vessels off Lebu harbor (Biobío Region, Chile) using gillnets, longlines, and handlines. Three thousand nine hundred forty-six individuals of B. australis between 30 and 55 cm fork length were tagged using external T-anchor bar labels (commonly known as "spaghetti"). Approximately 100 and 200 fish were tagged per fishing trip using longlines and gillnets, respectively. The size distribution of the tagged individuals was consistent with those retained in the catch, with 90% of tagged fish being longer than the fork length at 50% maturity. Eight tags have been recovered off the coast of Lebu up to May 2022. With times at liberty between 50 and 537 days. These preliminary recaptures are also analyzed in the context of the conceptual model for demography and migration proposed for this species in Chile. The main conclusion of this research is that a conventional tagging program is feasible for B. australis in Chile.
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Mussini, Agustin, and Pablo Nicolas Biderbost. "Proyecciones demográficas para Argentina como base para el diseño de la política migratoria." Migraciones internacionales 14 (February 28, 2023): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.33679/rmi.v1i1.2621.
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The world is aging as the population has fewer children and lives longer. This situation poses numerous challenges in several countries, not only to maintain stable population levels but also the standards of economic growth. In this context, migrations are presented as a possible solution by collaborating in maintaining welfare systems and vegetative balances of the increasingly aging countries. Argentina is no stranger to this reality. Projections show that the country has started to move towards this demographic scenario and that it will reach the end of the century seeing its population reduced. This article analyzes the country’s migration policies and some concrete measures that could strengthen the opportunities that migration presents in this demographic horizon.
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Jones, A. R., A. Murray, and R. E. Marsh. "A method for sampling sandy beach amphipods that tidally migrate." Marine and Freshwater Research 49, no. 8 (1998): 863. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf97092.
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Some sandy beach species display tidally-related, across-beach migrations. Such behaviour can produce false or misleading results when standard sampling methods are used. To address this problem, a novel method was developed for sampling migratory amphipod populations that maintain position in the swash zone. This method provides sampling repeatability at any stage of the tide by locating the water’s edge, defined as the median of the upper limits of 11 consecutive waves, and thus locating the migrating population. Data to test the hypothesis of choice are then obtained via replicate core samples taken at fixed levels above and below the water’s edge.
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Eng, Margaret L., Bridget J. M. Stutchbury, Dawn M. Burke, and Ken A. Elliott. "Influence of forest management on pre- and post-fledging productivity of a Neotropical migratory songbird in a highly fragmented landscape." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 41, no. 10 (October 2011): 2009–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x11-119.
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Little is known about the effects of forest management on fledgling survival in birds, despite the fact that this is a key determinant of overall productivity. In 2005–2006, we compared male density, nesting success, and fledgling survival of Hooded Warblers (Wilsonia citrina Boddaert, 1783) among forest fragments that were reference sites (n = 3; not logged in >21 years) or had received either a standard selection system harvest (n = 3) or a heavy cut (n = 5) within the past 6–10 years. Density tended to be higher in logged sites than reference sites, but cumulative probability of nest survival (0.22 ± 0.02; 21 days) did not differ among treatments. Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater (Boddaert, 1783)) parasitism was significantly higher in recently logged sites, and reference sites produced significantly more Hooded Warbler young per successful nest than standard selection harvest sites. Logging treatment did not have a strong negative effect on fledgling survival, and overall, 51% (33/65) of fledglings survived until three weeks after fledging. Standard selection harvest sites had the highest Hooded Warbler density (0.2 males/ha) but also the lowest seasonal productivity (0.84 independent fledglings/female), raising the possibility of an ecological trap. The estimated number of daughters produced per female per year that are expected to survive to breeding age was lower for all treatments (reference, 0.26; selection, 0.17; heavy cut, 0.32) than the expected annual mortality probability of adult females (0.4–0.6). Forest fragments in this region appear to be population sinks, regardless of extent of partial harvest within the fragment.
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Pavlova, Svetlana, Lika Fab, Ekaterina Savchenko, Anastasia Ryabova, Marina Ryzhova, Alexander Revishchin, Igor Pronin, Dmitry Usachev, Alexey Kopylov, and Galina Pavlova. "The Bi-(AID-1-T) G-Quadruplex Has a Janus Effect on Primary and Recurrent Gliomas: Anti-Proliferation and Pro-Migration." Pharmaceuticals 17, no. 1 (January 7, 2024): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph17010074.
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High-grade gliomas are considered an incurable disease. Despite all the various therapy options available, patient survival remains low, and the tumor usually returns. Tumor resistance to conventional therapy and stimulation of the migratory activity of surviving cells are the main factors that lead to recurrent tumors. When developing new treatment approaches, the effect is most often evaluated on standard and phenotypically depleted cancer cell lines. Moreover, there is much focus on the anti-proliferative effect of such therapies without considering the possible stimulation of migratory activity. In this paper, we studied how glioma cell migration changes after exposure to bi-(AID-1-T), an anti-proliferative aptamer. We investigated the effect of this aptamer on eight human glioma cell cultures (Grades III and IV) that were derived from patients’ tumor tissue; the difference between primary and recurrent tumors was taken into account. Despite its strong anti-proliferative activity, bi-(AID-1-T) was shown to induce migration of recurrent tumor cells. This result shows the importance of studying the effect of therapeutic molecules on the invasive properties of glioma tumor cells in order to reduce the likelihood of inducing tumor recurrence.
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Alves, Thaís P., and Nelson F. Fontoura. "Statistical distribution models for migratory fish in Jacuí basin, South Brazil." Neotropical Ichthyology 7, no. 4 (2009): 647–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-62252009000400014.
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The aim of the present study was to identify the distribution patterns of migratory fishes in the Jacuí river basin (Rio Grande do Sul, South Brazil), proposing a statistical model of presumed distribution based on geomorphologic environmental data. Through maps of occurrence probability, we hope to contribute to decisions regarding basin environmental management. The analyzed species were: Salminus brasiliensis (dourado), Leporinus obtusidens (piava), Prochilodus lineatus (grumatã) and Pimelodus pintado (pintado). Samples were made through interviews with fishermen and local inhabitants, covering the main channel and tributaries of the rivers Jacuí, Taquari-Antas, Vacacaí, Vacacaí-Mirim, Pardo, Pardinho, Sinos, and Caí. The sampling program resulted in 204 interviews, being 187 considered as valid in 155 different sampling points. The probability of migratory fish occurrence was adjusted through the LOGIT routine of the Idrisi Andes Software: P = e(b0 + b1 . altitude + b2 . basin area) . (1 + e(b0 + b1 . altitude + b2 . basin area))-1, where P is the occurrence probability of the species (0-1) and b0, b1 and b2 are the equation parameters. Model accuracy, for estimating presence, ranged from 82% to 93%. Pimelodus pintado was cited to occur in 121 points among the 155 sampled (78.06%), Prochilodus lineatus in 72 (46.45%), L. obtusidens in 62 (40.00%) and S. brasiliensis in 58 (37.42%). Equation parameters were estimated (± standard error) as follow: S. brasiliensis: b0 = -2.8762 ± 0.2597; b1 = 1.3028 ± 0.0332; b2 = 1.1487 ± 0.0301; L. obtusidens: b0 = -0.8364 ± 0.2213; b1 = -1.5564 ± 0.0462; b2 = 0.9947 ± 0.0206; Prochilodus lineatus: b0= 0; b1= -1.3067 ± 0.0544; b2= 0.8128 ± 0.0177; Pimelodus pintado: b0= -0.9487 ± 0.3688; b1= -0.8269 ± 0.0496; b2= 0.9255 ± 0.0304.
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Bido, Adriane F., Elisabeth C. Urbinati, Maristela C. Makrakis, Leandro F. Celestino, Mônica Serra, and Sergio Makrakis. "Stress indicators for Prochilodus lineatus (Characiformes: Prochilodontidae) breeders during passage through a fish ladder." Marine and Freshwater Research 69, no. 12 (2018): 1814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf18087.
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This study investigated whether fish ladder transposition is a stressful event for the streaked prochilod, Prochilodus lineatus, in a dam on the Upper Paraná River, Brazil. Bodyweight, standard length and plasma concentrations of cortisol, glucose, lactate, chloride and haematocrit were measured in 48 adult fish (male and female) that were sampled downstream and upstream of the dam and on the fish ladder. The results showed that the intense physical exertion of the fish during ladder transposition demanded high metabolic requirements and activated anaerobic pathways, but was not stressful. We recommend that physiological indicators should be used for post-construing assessments, which would improve the management of migratory fish species.
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Rioseco Vallejos, Valentina. "Non-Incorporation of the Principle of Non-Refoulement in the Chilean Immigration and Aliens Law." Human Rights in the Global South (HRGS) 2, no. 1 (July 31, 2023): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.56784/hrgs.v2i1.51.
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This paper critically analyses the non-incorporation of the principle of non-refoulement in the Chilean Immigration and Aliens Law 21.325 of 20 April 2021. It was published in the context of migratory pressures within the Latin American region, deriving mainly from the Venezuelan socio-political crisis. It was also published after the recommendations given by the CMW in the last two periodic reviews of 2011 and 2021 to update the previous version dictated during the Pinochet dictatorship. As a state party to the core international human rights treaties and the American Convention on Human Rights, an urgent claim existed in Chile to adapt its migration law. Following a heated debate in 2019, the parliament eliminated the recognition of the principle of non-refoulement contained in the draft law arguing it was already recognised in refugee legislation. Instead, they identified a ‘complementary protection’. This paper examines whether this decision breaches human rights standards, particularly the obligation to adopt legislative measures to give effect to the principle of non-refoulement. It begins by analysing the principle of non-refoulement in international refugee law. Then, it turns into identifying the human rights obligations emanating from the principle of non-refoulement. Finally, the paper applies this standard to law 21.325. The paper concludes that not incorporating the principle of non-refoulement into law 21.325 constitutes a breach of Chile’s human rights obligations, facing the risk of incurring international responsibility.
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Scaloppi, Maurice Fabian, Samir Moura Kadri, Daniel Diego Mendes, Paulo Eduardo Martins Ribolla, and Ricardo de Oliveira Orsi. "Colony Transport Affects the Expression of Some Genes Related to the Apis mellifera L. Immune System." Sociobiology 69, no. 4 (December 28, 2022): e7522. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v69i4.7522.
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Migratory beekeeping can harm the bee colonies if not executed properly. Here, colonies of Apis mellifera were transported (for one or two hours) or not, following proper technical standards. To analyze gene expression (defensin-1, abaecin, and HSP70), forager bees were collected immediately, 24, and 72 hours after transportation. Bee mortality and population growth were measured before and after transportation. This study concludes that transporting honey bee colonies for 2 hours promotes immune system gene expression, although there are no significant changes in bee mortality and population growth of the colonies.
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Chernyshova, Svitlana. "The Topos of the Border in Contemporary American Migratory Novel." LITERARY PROCESS: methodology, names, trends, no. 21 (2023): 112–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2412-2475.2023.21.13.
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The border is the focus of migration studies from any perspective. Today, it is evident that the rethinking of human movement in the modern world has also provoked the need to change the perspective on the lines that separate states and nations. These politically constructed boundaries embody the territorialization of collectives, the allocation of a locus for specific groups, the narrowing of the world in certain parameters, the division of people into those who belong and those who are unwanted or Other, the consolidation of the image of inaccessibility for some countries and accessibility for others, and the desire of the richer to distance themselves from the poorer and the law-abiding from the lawbreakers. In literary texts that represent migration processes, the border and its crossing occupy an important place. Since refugees, illegal migrants, or temporary visa holders who try to enter wealthy countries at any cost are predominantly at the center of such works, the experience of crossing the dividing line is often degrading, and sometimes even life-threatening. The article provides an overview of contemporary approaches to understanding the border in the humanities. Researchers emphasize the discriminatory nature, regressive mechanisms, and constructivist way of thinking about dividing lines. The analysis of D. Nayeri’s ‘Refuge’, C. N. Adichie’s ‘Americanah’, I. Zoboi’s ‘American Street’, and A. L. Urrea’s ‘The Devil’s Highway’ leads to the conclusion that in migratory novels, the border functions as a state practice of demeaning those who cross it. In addition, visas intensify constructed perceptions of inaccessibility and, accordingly, high living standards and freedom in the Western world. The humiliations that migrants experience to reach their dreamland traumatize their personality and intensify their feelings of inferiority. The article reveals potential research perspectives for studying migration through the prism of rethinking borders, realizing their discriminatory nature, and the artificiality of the political distribution of the world.
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Katsarski, Nikolay. "FACTORS DETERMINING MIGRATION OF THE POPULATION." Knowledge International Journal 30, no. 6 (March 20, 2019): 1729–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij30061729k.
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Migration as a phenomenon is present in the whole history of mankind. It is an unexplained urge for people to change, which is expressed in the search for security, happiness and opportunity for development. At different times, migration plays an important role in the lives of individuals, countries and continents, and becomes an important factor in the development of civilizations, their destiny and security. Politics plays a key role in the development and construction of migratory behavior in society. As a factor, it is related to the security of people, their interests in which their rights should not be violated or they should not be harmed in any way. Political instability and attitude to democratic potential are emerging as a reason for the emergence of migratory attitudes. Nowadays this factor is shifted from the socio-economic one.Migration factors are predominant in terms of economic divergences in some countries. The state of the economy in the countries plays a leading role. A lower standard of living will continue to be a supporting factor for external migration. In many countries there are negative trends in employment, economic activity and unemployment. There are a number of social problems related to the reduction of the living potential of the population. Poverty in one country strongly determines the motivation of the people. The inability of people to lead a normal and fulfilling life leads them to start looking for a better standard abroad.In today's globalization, migration is global. As a socio-economic phenomenon it is associated with the dynamics and mechanical movement of the population in the countries and regions. The consequences of migration processes can affect the demographic development of the population, the economy and other aspects of the life of the population. Their consequences are generally negative, although there are those that can also be considered positive.
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Li, Strietz, Bleilevens, Stickeler, and Maurer. "Chemotherapeutic Stress Influences Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition and Stemness in Cancer Stem Cells of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 2 (January 8, 2020): 404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21020404.
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Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer characterized by the absence of estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER, PR) and lacking an overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Apart from this lack of therapeutic targets, TNBC also shows an increased capacity for early metastasis and therapy resistance. Currently, many TNBC patients receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) upon detection of the disease. With TNBC likely being driven at least in part by a cancer stem-like cell type, we wanted to evaluate the response of primary cancer stem cells (CSCs) to standard chemotherapeutics. Therefore, we set up a survival model using primary CSCs to mimic tumor cells in patients under chemotherapy. Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) were exposed to chemotherapeutics with a sublethal dose for six days. Surviving cells were allowed to recover in culture medium without chemotherapeutics. Surviving and recovered cells were examined in regard to proliferation, migratory capacity, sphere forming capacity, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) factor expression at the mRNA level, and cancer-related microRNA (miRNA) profile. Our results indicate that chemotherapeutic stress enhanced sphere forming capacity of BCSCs, and changed cell morphology and EMT-related gene expression at the mRNA level, whereas the migratory capacity was unaffected. Six miRNAs were identified as potential regulators in this process.
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Gong, Guowei, Kumar Ganesan, Qingping Xiong, and Yuzhong Zheng. "Anti-Invasive and Anti-Migratory Effects of Ononin on Human Osteosarcoma Cells by Limiting the MMP2/9 and EGFR-Erk1/2 Pathway." Cancers 15, no. 3 (January 26, 2023): 758. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers15030758.
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Osteosarcoma is a common malignancy of the bone. Due to its high metastatic properties, osteosarcoma becomes the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Ononin is an isoflavone glycoside known to have various pharmacological properties, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the efficacy of ononin on osteosarcoma cell migration, invasion, and the underlying mechanisms. The in vitro anti-tumorigenic and anti-migratory properties of ononin were determined by MTT, colony formation, invasion, and migration in MG-63 and U2OS osteosarcoma cell lines. The results were compared with the standard chemotherapeutic drug, doxorubicin (DOX), as a positive control. The dose-dependent manners of ononin treatment increased the expression of apoptosis and inhibition of cell proliferation through the EGFR-Erk1/2 signaling pathways. Additionally, ononin significantly inhibited the invasion and migration of human osteosarcoma cells. For consistency, we used the MG-63-xenograft mice model to confirm the in vivo anti-tumorigenic and anti-migratory efficacy of ononin by inhibiting the protein expressions of EGFR-Erk1/2 and MMP2/9. According to the histological study, ononin had no adverse effect on the liver and kidney. Overall, our findings suggested that ononin could be a potentially effective agent against the development and metastasis of osteosarcoma.