Academic literature on the topic 'STANDARD DELAY FORMAT'

Abstract The research on the ice cover of waterways, rivers, lakes, seas and oceans by satellite remote sensing methods began at the end of the twentieth century. There was a lot of data sources in diverse file formats. It has not yet carried out a comparative assessment of their usefulness. A synthetic indicator of the quality of data sources binding maps resolution, file publication, time delay and the functionality for the user was developed in the research process. It reflects well a usefulness of maps and allows to compare them. Qualitative differences of map content have relatively little impact on the overall assessment of the data sources. Resolution of map is generally acceptable. Actuality has the greatest impact on the map content quality for the current vessel’s voyage planning in ice. The highest quality of all studied sources have the regional maps in GIF format issued by the NWS / NOAA, general maps of the Arctic Ocean in NetCDF format issued by the OSI SAF and the general maps of the Arctic Ocean in GRIB-2 format issued by the NCEP / NOAA. Among them are maps containing information on the quality of presented parameter. The leader among the map containing all three of the basic characteristics of ice cover (ice concentration, ice thickness and ice floe size) are vector maps in GML format. They are the new standard of electronic vector maps for the navigation of ships in ice. Publishing of ice cover maps in the standard electronic map format S-411 for navigation of vessels in ice adopted by the International Hydrographic Organization is advisable in case is planned to launch commercial navigation on the lagoons, rivers and canals. The wide availability of and exchange of information on the state of ice cover on rivers, lakes, estuaries and bays, which are used exclusively for water sports, ice sports and ice fishing is possible using handheld mobile phones, smartphones and tablets.

Encryption is the process of converting the data from readable format into unreadable format with help of any mathematical expression or sometimes with the help of key. On the other hand decryption is the reverse process of encryption with help of same key used at encryption or with the help of some other key. The paper presents the different methodology used for encryption and decryption. Several methods presented in the literature are reviewed. The methods- Rivest-Shamir-Adlemen algorithm, Data Encryption Standard, Advanced Encryption Standard and three different Secure Hash Algorithm are reviewed and implemented using various FPGA devices. The power consumption, delay and area are analyzed and compared. From the analyses it is been found that the performance of AES and SHA3 are better when compared to other algorithms. These algorithms provide high security when compared to rest of the methods.

Abstract— Integration and acceleration of data transactions is a very important issue to be discussed in the era of integrated information technology development. This problem is the reason for making the system interact with each other quickly. Indonesian Case Base Groups (INA-CBG's) is an application used to process claims for National Health Insurance (JKN) participants from the Hospital. Every hospital is required to send patient data through INACBG's. However, current data claims for inpatients are still done manually. This manual process will make officers enter patient data into the main system and INACBG's. This results in the efficiency of work performed by hospital staff. In addition, the data entered is not automatic because there is a delay when entering data into the main system and INACBG's. Development of an Inpatient Information System that is integrated with INA-CBG's using JavaScript Object Notation (JSON). This format can send inpatient claim data to the INACBG's application in the form of an array. The JSON format does not have a standard format for writing, so it can be faster and more flexible in sending data. With an integrated system between the main system and INACBG's, it can increase the efficiency of processing data claims to INACBG's.

AbstractAmmonia is a potential fuel for the storage of thermal energy. Experimental data were collected for homogeneous ammonia combustion: ignition delay times measured in shock tubes (247 data points in 28 datasets from four publications) and species concentration measurements from flow reactors (194/22/4). The measurements cover wide ranges of temperature T, pressure p, equivalence ratio φ and dilution. The experimental data were encoded in ReSpecTh Kinetics Data Format version 2.2 XML files. The standard deviations of the experimental datasets used were determined based on the experimental errors reported in the publications and also on error estimations obtained using program MinimalSplineFit. Simulations were carried out with eight recently published mechanisms at the conditions of these experiments using the Optima++ framework code, and the FlameMaster and OpenSmoke++ solver packages. The performance of the mechanisms was compared using a sum-of-square error function to quantify the agreement between the simulations and the experimental data. Ignition delay times were well reproduced by five mechanisms, the best ones were Glarborg-2018 and Shrestha-2018. None of the mechanisms were able to reproduce well the profiles of NO, N2O and NH3 concentrations measured in flow reactors.

The recent release of consumer-grade dual-frequency receivers sparked scientific interest into use of these cost-efficient devices for high precision positioning and tropospheric delay estimations. Previous analyses with low-cost single-frequency receivers showed promising results for the estimation of Zenith Tropospheric Delays (ZTDs). However, their application is limited by the need to account for the ionospheric delay. In this paper we investigate the potential of a low-cost dual-frequency receiver (U-blox ZED-F9P) in combination with a range of different quality antennas. We show that the receiver itself is very well capable of achieving high-quality ZTD estimations. The limiting factor is the quality of the receiving antenna. To improve the applicability of mass-market antennas, a relative antenna calibration is performed, and new absolute Antenna Exchange Format (ANTEX) entries are created using a geodetic antenna as base. The performance of ZTD estimation with the tested antennas is evaluated, with and without antenna Phase Center Variation (PCV) corrections, using Precise Point Positioning (PPP). Without applying PCVs for the low-cost antennas, the Root Mean Square Errors (RMSE) of the estimated ZTDs are between 15 mm and 24 mm. Using the newly generated PCVs, the RMSE is reduced significantly to about 4 mm, a level that is excellent for meteorological applications. The standard U-blox ANN-MB-00 patch antenna, with a circular ground plane, after correcting the phase pattern yields comparable results (0.47 mm bias and 4.02 mm RMSE) to those from geodetic quality antennas, providing an all-round low-cost solution. The relative antenna calibration method presented in this paper opens the way for wide-spread application of low-cost receiver and antennas.

Introduction. The urgency of countering the base erosion and profit shifting is only increasing. Problem Statement. Scientific justification for the introduction of automatic exchange of financial account information in tax matters according to the CRS standard. Purpose. The article is devoted to the analysis of organizational bases of automatic exchange of financial account information in tax matters according to the CRS standard and development of recommendations on introduction of such exchange in Ukraine. Materials and Methods. In the course of the research, the following methods were used: abstract-logical, systematization, dialectical and formal logic, expert evaluations. Results. The requirements of the OECD for the implementation of the following steps are analyzed: 1) adaptation of national legislation to the requirements of the CRS standard (amendments to legislation, adoption of bylaws); 2) selection of partner countries and signing of the Multilateral competent authority agreement on automatic exchange of financial account information, deposit of notifications and reservations with the OECD Secretariat; 3) ensuring compliance with the requirements of confidentiality and protection of personal data; 4) automation and technical support of information collection and exchange processes: coordination of the format of data collection and transmission, installation of non-necessary software. The peculiarities of presenting information for reporting according to the CRS standard are revealed, the experience of one of the financial institutions of Poland on self-certification of CRS of its clients is given. Conclusions. It is concluded that the process of establishing CRS reporting and automatic exchange of relevant information is complex, requires increased attention to many details and considerable time and financial resources of both the state and financial institutions and other businesses. The latter cannot be carried out during a period of significant economic and financial upheavals, such as the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation into Ukraine and further massive hostilities on a large territory of our state with significant destruction. The process of introducing the exchange of information according to the CRS standard should be continued after the end of the war (with a possible significant delay in the calendar schedule of implementation of planned activities).

Digital droplet assays—in which biological samples are compartmentalized into millions of femtoliter-volume droplets and interrogated individually—have generated enormous enthusiasm for their ability to detect biomarkers with single-molecule sensitivity. These assays have untapped potential for point-of-care diagnostics but are currently mainly confined to laboratory settings, due to the instrumentation necessary to serially generate, control, and measure tens of millions of droplets/compartments. To address this challenge, we developed an optofluidic platform that miniaturizes digital assays into a mobile format by parallelizing their operation. This technology is based on three key innovations: (i) the integration and parallel operation of a hundred droplet generators onto a single chip that operates >100× faster than a single droplet generator, (ii) the fluorescence detection of droplets at >100× faster than conventional in-flow detection using time domain-encoded mobile phone imaging, and (iii) the integration of on-chip delay lines and sample processing to allow serum-to-answer device operation. To demonstrate the power of this approach, we performed a duplex digital ELISA. We characterized the performance of this assay by first using spiked recombinant proteins in a complex media (FBS) and measured a limit of detection, 0.004 pg/mL (300 aM), a 1,000× improvement over standard ELISA and matching that of the existing laboratory-based gold standard digital ELISA system. We additionally measured endogenous GM-CSF and IL6 in human serum fromn= 14 human subjects using our mobile duplex assay, and showed excellent agreement with the gold standard system (R2=0.96).

Background. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.TB) causes a wide spectrum of clinical diseases. The prevalence of TB is different in various parts of Iran and throughout the world. The present study aimed to determine the clinical epidemiology and paraclinical findings of TB. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted from 2008 to 2013. Patient demographic, clinical, and radiologic characteristics, picked up from the TB patient’s files, were collected using a standard questionnaire format. Data was entered and analyzed using the SPSS version 16 statistical software and P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. Out of 212 patients enrolled in this study 62% were male and the mean age was about 50 years old. 98.6% were Iranian, and 46.2% were rural. Prevalence of smear-positive TB was 66.4%. Prevalence of positive PPD was 50.7% with no significant difference between HIV-positive and -negative patients (P = 0.8). Prevalence of diabetes mellitus was 17%. 36% of the patients had history of smoking and about 29.3% were addicted to narcotics. Cough was the most common symptom (94.5%) and 84% had sputum. 15 cases (7%) had extrapulmonary TB. The mean time between the onset of symptoms and admission was 46.5 days. The delay for admission between urban and rural populations was not significantly different (P = 0.68); but for those who were in prison, the delay was significant (P = 0.02). About 46% of the patients had cavitary lesions in CXRs. Conclusion. Timely diagnosis of TB especially in prisoners by understanding its most important epidemiologic characteristics and clinical features can help to make an early treatment and prevent spread of mycobacteria and their complications.

Purpose Due to its high sensitivity and lack of radiation, MRI is often used to stage cerebral tumors in patients. In contrast, the relatively long examination times and the limited availability of MRI slots at the clinic might delay these examinations. The aim of this study was to compare an ultra-short MRI protocol with the routinely used standard protocol. Materials and Methods Cerebral MRI of 147 patients with malignant melanoma were evaluated retrospectively, whereby only two sequences (FLAIR images and contrast-enhanced T1 MPR images) were evaluated in one group and images from the whole examination were available for the second group, including five sequences (DWI, T2 TSE, FLAIR, native and contrast-enhanced T1 TSE, and contrast-enhanced T1 MPR). The results of the two groups were compared and tested to determine whether the ultra-short approach was inferior to the full examination. Results 13.6 % of the patients had cerebral metastases. Overall, 73 metastases were detected: 60 were located supratentorially and 13 infratentorially. Concerning the detection of cerebral metastases, the ultra-short MRI examination, involving only a FLAIR and a contrast-enhanced T1 MPR sequence, was not inferior to the full MRI protocol in general (p = 0.017) and separated by location for supratentorial (p = 0.026) and infratentorial (p = 0.001) metastases. Conclusion For staging purposes, a focused, ultra-short MRI protocol is not inferior to a standard MRI examination. This might open up opportunities for faster staging processes and a more efficient use of the often-restricted MRI capacities. Key Points Citation Format

The key to protect huge amount of multimedia data in ubiquitous networks is to introduce safety aware high-performed single VLSI processor systems embedded with cipher process. Thus, we exploited the architecture of a hardware cryptography embedded multimedia mobile processor named HC-gorilla by sophisticatedly unifying up-to-date processor techniques. Although it was provided with carefully selected Java bytecodes and cipher codes, FP (floating point) expression was omitted due to the restriction of hardware resource. Considering recent trend of embedded applications like voice recognition, 3D graphics, and image/vision processing, FP hardware is crucial for further enhancing HCgorillafs Java functions. We focus in this article the development of a compact FPU (Floating point number Processing Unit). A compact FP format speci¯c for HCgorilla is IEEE 754 compatible except the bit width representation of FP data. Prioritizing the latency of FPU, it has only 5 stages. The compact FPU is built in HCgorilla by adding 16 FP arithmetic codes and improving the decode stage of the previous HCgorilla. By using a 0.18-¹m standard cell CMOS technology supported by VDEC, we have so far accomplished the logic synthesis and behavior simulation. The 400MHz of clock frequency is justified from delay analysis.

Timing holds a very important part in any VLSI design and incorporates the sense of realism into the design. Static Timing Analysis (also referred as STA) is one of the many techniques available to verify the timing of a digital design. Static timing analysis is a complete and exhaustive verification of all timing checks of a design, without requiring simulation. The more important aspect of static timing analysis is that the entire design is analyzed once and the required timing checks are performed for all possible paths and scenarios of the design. Further , the design can be analyzed in various corners to ensure the proper functioning of the design in all the scenarios. Thus, STA is a complete and exhaustive method for verifying the timing of a design. The project is aimed at understanding as well as performing clocking and timing closure of the whole SoC chip. This elaborates on the basic flow adopted to check the timing of a chip, procedures to meet them and debug the errors. The tool used here is ETS which helps in forming detailed reports for finding the violations and simulating the timing behaviour of the circuit.

Economy and mankind are inextricably interlinked. Just as the economy or the production of material wealth is unimaginable without a man, so human existence and development are impossible without the wealth created in the economy. Shortly, both the goal and the means of achieving and realization of the economy are still the human resources. People have long ago noticed that it was the economy that created livelihoods, and the delays in their production led to the catastrophic events such as hunger, poverty, civil wars, social upheavals, revolutions, moral degeneration, and more. Therefore, the special interest of people in understanding the regulatory framework of the functioning of the economy has existed and exists in all historical epochs [A. Sisvadze. Economic theory. Part One. 2006y. p. 22]. The system of economic disciplines studies economy or economic activities of a society. All of them are based on science, which is currently called economic theory in the post-socialist space (the science of economics, the principles of economics or modern economics), and in most countries of the world - predominantly in the Greek-Latin manner - economics. The title of the present book is also Modern Economics. Economics (economic theory) is the science that studies the efficient use of limited resources to produce and distribute goods and services in order to satisfy as much as possible the unlimited needs and demands of the society. More simply, economics is the science of choice and how society manages its limited resources. Moreover, it should be emphasized that economics (economic theory) studies only the distribution, exchange and consumption of the economic wealth (food, beverages, clothing, housing, machine tools, computers, services, etc.), the production of which is possible and limited. And the wealth that exists indefinitely: no economic relations are formed in the production and distribution of solar energy, air, and the like. This current book is the second complete updated edition of the challenges of the modern global economy in the context of the coronary crisis, taking into account some of the priority directions of the country's development. Its purpose is to help students and interested readers gain a thorough knowledge of economics and show them how this knowledge can be applied pragmatically (professionally) in professional activities or in everyday life. To achieve this goal, this textbook, which consists of two parts and tests, discusses in simple and clear language issues such as: the essence of economics as a science, reasons for origin, purpose, tasks, usefulness and functions; Basic principles, problems and peculiarities of economics in different economic systems; Needs and demand, the essence of economic resources, types and limitations; Interaction, mobility, interchangeability and efficient use of economic resources. The essence and types of wealth; The essence, types and models of the economic system; The interaction of households and firms in the market of resources and products; Market mechanism and its elements - demand, supply and price; Demand and supply elasticity; Production costs and the ways to reduce them; Forms of the market - perfect and incomplete competition markets and their peculiarities; Markets for Production Factors and factor incomes; The essence of macroeconomics, causes and importance of origin; The essence and calculation of key macroeconomic indicators (gross national product, gross domestic product, net national product, national income, etc.); Macroeconomic stability and instability, unemployment, inflation and anti-inflationary policies; State regulation of the economy and economic policy; Monetary and fiscal policy; Income and standard of living; Economic Growth; The Corona Pandemic as a Defect and Effect of Globalization; National Economic Problems and New Opportunities for Development in the conditions of the Coronary Crisis; The Socio-economic problems of moral obsolescence in digital technologies; Education and creativity are the main solution way to overcome the economic crisis caused by the coronavirus; Positive and negative effects of tourism in Georgia; Formation of the middle class as a contributing factor to the development of tourism in Georgia; Corporate culture in Georgian travel companies, etc. The axiomatic truth is that economics is the union of people in constant interaction. Given that the behavior of the economy reflects the behavior of the people who make up the economy, after clarifying the essence of the economy, we move on to the analysis of the four principles of individual decision-making. Furtermore, the book describes how people make independent decisions. The key to making an individual decision is that people have to choose from alternative options, that the value of any action is measured by the value of what must be given or what must be given up to get something, that the rational, smart people make decisions based on the comparison of the marginal costs and marginal returns (benefits), and that people behave accordingly to stimuli. Afterwards, the need for human interaction is then analyzed and substantiated. If a person is isolated, he will have to take care of his own food, clothes, shoes, his own house and so on. In the case of such a closed economy and universalization of labor, firstly, its productivity will be low and, secondly, it will be able to consume only what it produces. It is clear that human productivity will be higher and more profitable as a result of labor specialization and the opportunity to trade with others. Indeed, trade allows each person to specialize, to engage in the activities that are most successful, be it agriculture, sewing or construction, and to buy more diverse goods and services from others at a relatively lower price. The key to such human interactions is that trade is mutually beneficial; That markets are usually the good means of coordination between people and that the government can improve the results of market functioning if the market reveals weakness or the results of market functioning are not fair. Moroever, it also shows how the economy works as a whole. In particular, it is argued that productivity is a key determinant of living standards, that an increase in the money supply is a major source of inflation, and that one of the main impediments to avoiding inflation is the existence of an alternative between inflation and unemployment in the short term, that the inflation decrease causes the temporary decline in unemployement and vice versa. The Understanding creatively of all above mentioned issues, we think, will help the reader to develop market economy-appropriate thinking and rational economic-commercial-financial behaviors, to be more competitive in the domestic and international labor markets, and thus to ensure both their own prosperity and the functioning of the country's economy. How he/she copes with the tasks, it is up to the individual reader to decide. At the same time, we will receive all the smart useful advices with a sense of gratitude and will take it into account in the further work. We also would like to thank the editor and reviewers of the books. Finally, there are many things changing, so it is very important to realize that the XXI century has come: 1. The century of the new economy; 2. Age of Knowledge; 3. Age of Information and economic activities are changing in term of innovations. 1. Why is the 21st century the century of the new economy? Because for this period the economic resources, especially non-productive, non-recoverable ones (oil, natural gas, coal, etc.) are becoming increasingly limited. According to the World Energy Council, there are currently 43 years of gas and oil reserves left in the world (see “New Commersant 2007 # 2, p. 16). Under such conditions, sustainable growth of real gross domestic product (GDP) and maximum satisfaction of uncertain needs should be achieved not through the use of more land, labor and capital (extensification), but through more efficient use of available resources (intensification) or innovative economy. And economics, as it was said, is the science of finding the ways about the more effective usage of the limited resources. At the same time, with the sustainable growth and development of the economy, the present needs must be met in a way that does not deprive future generations of the opportunity to meet their needs; 2. Why is the 21st century the age of knowledge? Because in a modern economy, it is not land (natural resources), labor and capital that is crucial, but knowledge. Modern production, its factors and products are not time-consuming and capital-intensive, but science-intensive, knowledge-intensive. The good example of this is a Japanese enterprise (firm) where the production process is going on but people are almost invisible, also, the result of such production (Japanese product) is a miniature or a sample of how to get the maximum result at the lowest cost; 3. Why is the 21st century the age of information? Because the efficient functioning of the modern economy, the effective organization of the material and personal factors of production largely depend on the right governance decision. The right governance decision requires prompt and accurate information. Gone are the days when the main means of transport was a sailing ship, the main form of data processing was pencil and paper, and the main means of transmitting information was sending letters through a postman on horseback. By the modern transport infrastructure (highways, railways, ships, regular domestic and international flights, oil and gas pipelines, etc.), the movement of goods, services and labor resoucres has been significantly accelerated, while through the modern means of communication (mobile phone, internet, other) the information is spreading rapidly globally, which seems to have "shrunk" the world and made it a single large country. The Authors of the book: Ushangi Samadashvili, Doctor of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor of Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University - Introduction, Chapters - 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11,12, 15,16, 17.1,18 , Tests, Revaz Shengelia, Doctor of Economics, Professor of Georgian Technical University, Chapters_7, 8, 13. 14, 17.2, 17.4; Zhuzhuna Tsiklauri - Doctor of Economics, Professor of Georgian Technical University - Chapters 13.6, 13.7,17.2, 17.3, 18. We also thank the editor and reviewers of the book.

AbstractWe present the $$\textsc {Hybrid}\textsc {Synch}\textsc {AADL}$$ H Y B R I D S Y N C H AADL modeling language and formal analysis tool for virtually synchronous cyber-physical systems with complex control programs, continuous behaviors, bounded clock skews, network delays, and execution times. We leverage the Hybrid PALS equivalence, so that it is sufficient to model and verify the simpler underlying synchronous designs. We define the $$\textsc {Hybrid}\textsc {Synch}\textsc {AADL}$$ H Y B R I D S Y N C H AADL language as a sublanguage of the avionics modeling standard AADL for modeling such designs in AADL, and demonstrate the effectiveness of $$\textsc {Hybrid}\textsc {Synch}\textsc {AADL}$$ H Y B R I D S Y N C H AADL on a number of applications.

Pervasive care and chronic disease management to reduce institutionalization is a priority for most western countries. The realization of next generation ubiquitous and pervasive healthcare systems will be a challenging task, as these systems are likely to involve a complex structure. Such systems will consist of various devices, ranging from resource-constrained sensors and actuators to complex multimedia devices, supporting time critical applications. This is further compounded by cultural and socio-economical factors that must be addressed for next generation healthcare systems to be widely diffused and used. In this study, the requirements for a vital sign monitoring solution are derived and based on these requirements a standards compliant medical device networking solution is presented. mVITAL is an end-to-end solution based on IEEE-11073 framework. IEEE-11073 defines a family of standards and nomenclature for device communication protocol, data format and logical interface between monitoring station and standard compliant medical devices. mVITAL is not only providing medical sensor networking and vital sign monitoring but also closes the loop by signaling alert messages to the caregiver and allowing pervasive access to vital signs of a patient using smartphones over a heterogeneous network. A role based access control mechanism is developed to limit the access to secure data. The end-to-end delay and the variations in delay for both the sensor data collection and the pervasive access are analyzed. mVITAL is developed as a complementary solution augmenting functionality of a hospital information system and can be loosely coupled with the hospital information system using web services.

Introduced by Rudolf Wille in the mid-80s, Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) is a mathematical framework that offers conceptual data analysis and knowledge discovery. FCA analyzes the data, which is represented in the form of a formal context, that describe the relationship between a particular set of objects and a particular set of attributes. From the formal context, FCA produces hierarchically ordered clusters called formal concepts and the basis of attribute dependencies, called attribute implications. All the concepts of a formal context form a hierarchical complete lattice structure called concept lattice that reflects the relationship of generalization and specialization among concepts. Several algorithms are proposed in the literature to extract the formal concepts from a given context. The objective of this chapter is to analyze, demonstrate, and compare a few standard algorithms that extract the formal concepts. For each algorithm, the analysis considers the functionality, output, complexity, delay time, exploration type, and data structures involved.

Nowadays an intensive diversification can be experienced among the devices that can display multimedia content to the user. Typically, clients are unable to receive large audio-visual data volumes in original quality because of resource limitations and deficiency of terminal capabilities. The aim of media resource adaptation is to provide multimedia items for users in a format that is most appropriate with respect to the current terminal capabilities, network characteristics, server capacities and user preferences. The execution time of adaptation is crucial in order to shorten startup delay. The chapter is intended to give a survey on media resource adaptation. Our aim is to introduce the related standards and specifications, show an adaptation framework. We put special emphasis on the algorithmic aspects of adaptation decision taking and present some optimization methods to efficiently select adaptation parameters.

All doctors working with children should have good knowledge of normal developmental milestones, as early diagnosis of developmental problems and appropriate intervention is desirable to improve the outcome. Candidates should be able to identify key warning signals and know the practical relevance of the milestones. ‘Developmental assessment’ is the comprehensive evaluation of a child’s physical, intellectual, language, emotional, and social development, and is an area where most candidates lack competence and confidence. It should be distinguished from ‘developmental screening’, which is a brief, formal, standardized evaluation for the early identification of children at risk of a developmental disorder. In the developmental assessment station, a candidate can be assessed in different ways: a developmental history with the parent and child; assessment of specific developmental domains (such as gross motor skills, fine motor skills, speech, language skills, etc.); or global assessment of an infant or older child. Occasionally, the candidate might be asked to just ‘observe the child’s play’ and comment on the development. The candidate should anticipate and be prepared for these scenarios. In the exam, a detailed assessment of development is impossible, as it is complicated and time consuming. Ideally, observations of the child should take place with several people in varied settings, which is not feasible in the exam. However, useful assessment of a child’s development can be easily performed as part of routine examination. The main purpose of the developmental assessment in the exam is to identify the child’s strengths and weaknesses, the developmental problem, and, if possible, the cause of the problem. The candidate is expected to give an approximate developmental age at the end of the assessment. Before we continue, it is important to understand the commonly used terminology. A child is said to have ‘developmental delay’ when he or she shows a significant lag (more than two standard deviations) in acquiring milestones in one or more domains. Global developmental delay is defined as a delay in two or more developmental domains. ‘Developmental deviance’ occurs when a child develops milestones outside or apparently ahead of the typical acquisition sequence. ‘Developmental regression’ is the loss of previously acquired milestones. Children develop skills in various areas, also called developmental domains: gross motor, speech and language, fine motor, cognitive, personal–social, and emotional.

Paper and PowerPoint presentation format will describe process for much faster logistics and construction management of new high speed track construction and improvement of existing FRA track from FRA Class 4 to Class 5 and Class 6 standards on existing freight railway lines. This process involves an integration of the long materials supply chain together with rapid process state of the art construction machines. These machines have been used in both European and Chinese high speed construction projects. Huge gains in new track kilometers and miles per day have been made in the last decade on the machinery side of the equation. The authors will show several case studies. The critical key to these production rates has been in the integration of materials ordering and prepositioning. The economic advantage is that track time construction windows that delay other passing trains can be reduced at tremendous savings in service and operational costs to the operators already providing service in these new high speed corridors and construction zones. Examples and calculations are shown.

A networked control system (NCS) is a control architecture where sensors, actuators and controllers are distributed and interconnected. It is advantageous in terms of interoperability, expandability, installation, volume of wiring, maintenance, and cost-effectiveness. Many distributed network systems of various topologies and network type have been developed, but NCS systems tend to suffer from such issues as nondeterminism, long network delays, large overheads and unfairness. This paper presents the ring-based protocol, called the ExoNet, and its network architecture which are built to achieve better performance as a distributed networked system. A Cypress transceiver CY7C924ADX is applied to the network as a communication unit. The protocol is based on the transceiver and developed to achieve fast communication and allowable latency for controls with high control loop frequency. Compared with other standard network types such as Ethernet, ControlNet or DeviceNet, the network is characterized by its ring-based architecture, simple message and packet formats, one-shot distribution of control data and collection of sensor data, multi-node transmission, echo of a message, and other features. The network also guarantees determinism, collision-free transmission, relatively small overhead, fairness between nodes and flexibility in configuration. Its analysis and comparison with these network types are also provided and its application on the Berkeley Lower-Extremity Exoskeleton (BLEEX) is described.

ABSTRACT To further reduce the risk of lost circulation and improve the accuracy and real-time lost circulation warning, this paper proposes a lost circulation warning model based on hybrid attention long short-term memory (HALSTM) network. Firstly, combined with the mechanism of lost circulation occurrence, the characteristic parameters of lost circulation risk and their variation rules were analyzed. Then, the characteristics of the model were screened, and the time of lost circulation occurrence was accurately located by using the drilling activity identification model and the variation rules of the characteristics. Based on the standard LSTM model, the feature and temporal hybrid attention mechanism is proposed to dynamically capture the potential correlation between the risk of lost circulation and the input features. By obtaining the rank importance from both features and temporal, which realizes the interpretability of the model to a certain extent. The results demonstrate that the HALSTM model outperforms the random forest (RF), support vector classification (SVC), artificial neural network (ANN), and LSTM models, exhibiting greater accuracy and enhanced robustness. With a precision of 98%, the HALSTM proves to be a highly practical and effective tool for early warning and decision-making during drilling operations. INTRODUCTION Lost circulation is a common downhole risk in the drilling operations (Xu & Li, 2018), which can occur suddenly and is complex to deal with. Typically, lost circulation risks are highly concealed, evolve dynamically, and fluctuate non-linearly, which can lead to other downhole risks such as wellbore instability, pipe sticking, and blow out (Li et al., 2018). Therefore, efficient and accurate diagnosis of lost circulation is of great importance for the safety and economy of drilling operations. Traditional prediction methods for lost circulation use only one or a few factors, which can cause accident delay, misclassification, and omission. Meanwhile, the comprehensive mudlogging (CML) technique is the most widely used lost circulation diagnosis method, which diagnoses by real-time monitoring whether the logging parameters exceed the threshold value. However, the threshold setting depends on the field experience and is not time-sensitive, resulting in limited accuracy of lost circulation diagnosis.

Recent development plans envisage the exploitation of very deep offshore reservoirs as well as transport of hydrocarbons at temperature and pressure conditions far more severe than in past projects. Technical feasibility of such projects requires higher material utilisation, and the design guidelines need to be improved to allow for the new design conditions. Fracture assessment methods have been used in the evaluation of pipeline integrity for several years. In particular, the verification of acceptable defect sizes for installation and operational loads are now widely used and assessment methods are referenced in pipeline standards and guidelines. However, design guidelines are still missing the calibrated safety factors and stringent design format required to let the fracture failure mode be consistent with the other failure modes in the pipeline design such as bursting, local buckling and fatigue. The Fracture Control Offshore Pipelines Project is a Joint Industry Research and Development Project, whose objective is to study the behaviour of defected girth welds in pipelines subject to construction and operational loads ever experienced before. Due to the envisaged high loading condition and the high costs of recent offshore pipeline projects it is important, with an accurate defect assessment analysis, to avoid delays caused by unnecessary repairs or failures because of flaws that should have been detected and repaired. The final objective is the development of specific design criteria in the form of a design guideline to be used in the verification and design of offshore pipelines against the fracture/plastic collapse failure of a defected girth weld. The design criteria are based on the application of reliability methods to calibrate the partial safety factors in compliance with the safety philosophy established by DNV OS-F101 and will include the rational application of new NDT techniques. The JI Project is carried over 5 years and has started in 2002. The JI project is sponsored by the industry (BP, ENI Norge, Hydro and Statoil) and by the Norwegian Research Council. This paper describes the current status of existing fracture assessment procedures for pipelines with particular attention to their limitations and the needs for development and a brief overview of the results obtained in the project so far as well as the challenges to be solved in the project.

The application of new lubrication technology has a close relationship with the industrial development of automobile, machinery and transportation. Energy saving and environment protection are main two factors to push lubricants upgrades. Lubricant quality and correct application directly influence the use-life of machine, consumption of energy and environment protection. All over the world, especially in Western developed countries people pay more attention to the research and application of new lubricant technology. The lubricant specifications were reviewed and upgraded continuously according to the requirements of machine, fuel economy and emission. China’s sustained development means the ability to satisfy current human’s requirement as well as not to destroy nature resources for next generation. That also means we must balance the fast development of economy, society, resources and environment, we must protect natural resources and environment such as water, ocean, lands and forest which we live on, which can keep our next generation developing. Research and application of new lubricant technology is basic issues to keep China’s economy continuously growing. China’s petroleum consumption increased rapidly during the recent decades. There are two rapid period within 25 years after China’s application of opening and reform policy. The first is from 1978 to 1990, the whole petroleum consumption increased from 913 million to 1.18 billion tons respectively, increasing rate is 2.0% per year. The second was from 1991 to 2003, petroleum consumption increased from 1.18 billion to 2.74 billion tons, increasing rate was up to 6.7% per year. If we compare 2003 with 2001, the net petroleum consumption amount had increased 42million tons, increase rate is 8.7% per year. China now becomes one of biggest petroleum consumption country. The efficiency of China’s petroleum consumption is low. According to world petroleum consumption level (ton per thousand U.S. Dollar, GDP), China consumes four times more petroleum than that of Japan, three times of that of European, two times of that of USA. The wide application of low-grade lubricating oil and the lack of new lubrication technology are the main cause of the low-efficient petroleum usage. In the future decades petroleum shortages will be more and more strict in China, and it will have an important role in the delay of economic development and national safety. It is our lubricants workers duty to develop and apply the new lubrication technology to enhance the use efficiency of petroleum, to prevent our reliable environment and to push the China’s sustainable development. The world total consumption quantity of lubricating oil keeps about 37 to 39 million tons per year. It shares about 1% of total crude refining amount. The lube consumption amount in North American keeps stable about 9.5 million tons which listed No.1 while European and previous Unit Soviet area decreased. Asia is the only increased area, mainly because of the fast economic growth in China and India. China has consumed 4.4million tons lubricating oil in 2003, take about 1.6% of total crude refining amount, shares about 11% of whole world consumption amount, values about 22 billion RMB [1]. The increased rate reaches the highest—10.56% compared to 2002. This was the first time China become the second lubricant consumer in the world, just after USA. In 2004, China’s lubricants consumption will reach over 5 million tons, reaches the top in history, the increased rate will reach 10% comparing with 2003. China’s Automobile industry develops rapidly in the recent years, at the same time fuel efficiency keeps a low level. In 2002 China’s automobile has consumed 2.28 ton fuel per automobile which is 110–120 percent of USA, 200 percent of Japan. There exists a wide market for the application of new lubrication technology. The application of those additives and lube oils such as environment-friend additives, friction modified agents, nano-lube additives, energy-conserving multi-grade lube oils can enhance lubrication efficiency of equipments, decrease fuel consumption and conserve the petroleum resources. In this paper the applications of Cu nano-lube additive are introduced. and 0.1% Cu nano-lube is added into passenger car motor oil 5W30 SJ. The four-ball test equipment, cam-tappet test equipment and MS VI engine test are used to evaluate the performance, the test results shows the application of Cu nano-additive can obviously decrease the friction coefficient and fuel consumption. China should establish its national lube oil evaluation system, this system can greatly push the warranty of the quality of lube oil. The standard and national principle for fuel-conserving should be acted to improve the application of multi-grade lube oil and energy-conserving lube oil and new technology.

In the mid-1980s, the impact of three decades of uranium processing near rural Fernald, Ohio, 18 miles northwest of Cincinnati, became the centre of national public controversy. When a series of incidents at the uranium foundry brought to light the years of contamination to the environment and surrounding farmland communities, local citizens’ groups united and demanded a role in determining the plans for cleaning up the site. One citizens’ group, Fernald Residents for Environmental Safety and Health (FRESH), formed in 1984 following reports that nearly 300 pounds of enriched uranium oxide had been released from a dust-collector system, and three off-property wells south of the site were contaminated with uranium. For 22 years, FRESH monitored activities at Fernald and participated in the decision-making process with management and regulators. The job of FRESH ended on 19 January this year when the U.S. Secretary of Energy Samuel Bodman and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Administrator Stephen Johnson — flanked by local, state, and national elected officials, and citizen-led environmental watchdog groups including FRESH — officially declared the Fernald Site clean of all nuclear contamination and open to public access. It marked the end of a remarkable turnaround in public confidence and trust that had attracted critical reports from around the world: the Cincinnati Enquirer; U.S. national news programs 60 Minutes, 20/20, Nightline, and 48 Hours; worldwide media outlets from the British Broadcasting Company and Canadian Broadcasting Company; Japanese newspapers; and German reporters. When personnel from Fluor arrived in 1992, the management team thought it understood the issues and concerns of each stakeholder group, and was determined to implement the decommissioning scope of work aggressively, confident that stakeholders would agree with its plans. This approach resulted in strained relationships with opinion leaders during the early months of Fluor’s contract. To forge better relationships, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) who owns the site, and Fluor embarked on three new strategies based on engaging citizens and interested stakeholder groups in the decision-making process. The first strategy was opening communication channels with site leadership, technical staff, and regulators. This strategy combined a strong public-information program with two-way communications between management and the community, soliciting and encouraging stakeholder participation early in the decision-making process. Fluor’s public-participation strategy exceeded the “check-the-box” approach common within the nuclear-weapons complex, and set a national standard that stands alone today. The second stakeholder-engagement strategy sprang from mending fences with the regulators and the community. The approach for dispositioning low-level waste was a 25-year plan to ship it off the site. Working with stakeholders, DOE and Fluor were able to convince the community to accept a plan to safely store waste permanently on site, which would save 15 years of cleanup and millions of dollars in cost. The third strategy addressed the potentially long delays in finalizing remedial action plans due to formal public comment periods and State and Federal regulatory approvals. Working closely with the U.S. and Ohio Environmental Protection Agencies (EPA) and other stakeholders, DOE and Fluor were able to secure approvals of five Records of Decision on time – a first for the DOE complex. Developing open and honest relationships with union leaders, the workforce, regulators and community groups played a major role in DOE and Fluor cleaning up and closing the site. Using lessons learned at Fernald, DOE was able to resolve challenges at other sites, including worker transition, labour disputes, and damaged relationships with regulators and the community. It took significant time early in the project to convince the workforce that their future lay in cleanup, not in holding out hope for production to resume. It took more time to repair relationships with Ohio regulators and the local community. Developing these relationships over the years required constant, open communications between site decision makers and stakeholders to identify issues and to overcome potential barriers. Fluor’s open public-participation strategy resulted in stakeholder consensus of five remedial-action plans that directed Fernald cleanup. This strategy included establishing a public-participation program that emphasized a shared-decision making process and abandoned the government’s traditional, non-participatory “Decide, Announce, Defend” approach. Fernald’s program became a model within the DOE complex for effective public participation. Fluor led the formation of the first DOE site-specific advisory board dedicated to remediation and closure. The board was successful at building consensus on critical issues affecting long-term site remediation, such as cleanup levels, waste disposal and final land use. Fluor created innovative public outreach tools, such as “Cleanopoly,” based on the Monopoly game, to help illustrate complex concepts, including risk levels, remediation techniques, and associated costs. These innovative tools helped DOE and Fluor gain stakeholder consensus on all cleanup plans. To commemorate the outstanding commitment of Fernald stakeholders to this massive environmental-restoration project, Fluor donated $20,000 to build the Weapons to Wetlands Grove overlooking the former 136-acre production area. The grove contains 24 trees, each dedicated to “[a] leader(s) behind the Fernald cleanup.” Over the years, Fluor, through the Fluor Foundation, also invested in educational and humanitarian projects, contributing nearly $2 million to communities in southwestern Ohio, Kentucky and Indiana. Further, to help offset the economic impact of the site’s closing to the community, DOE and Fluor promoted economic development in the region by donating excess equipment and property to local schools and townships. This paper discusses the details of the public-involvement program — from inception through maturity — and presents some lessons learned that can be applied to other similar projects.

The research was a retrospective study of twenty-five Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) inspection reports (from March 2017 through to December 2018) of a national medicine regulatory agency, drug Inspectorate, in West Africa, designed to assess the inspectors’ expertise in the act of inspection report writing. The investigation examined a paper-based tool of thirteen pre-registration Inspection reports and twelve GMP reassessment reports written prior and following an intervention program by external GMP trainers to enhance inspectors’ skill in pharmaceutical cGMP inspection. The study made use of quantitative analysis to investigate each team’s expertise in the act of writing GMP inspection report. Likewise, each report’s compliance with the requirements of three regulatory standards on GMP inspection report writing was ascertained. Impact of intervention program on lead inspectors’ competence was assessed. Lastly, gap in each team writing effectiveness, and lead inspectors’ abilities to deliver an effective report were determined. The results showed one of the inspection team (4.0%) wrote an excellent report. Two (8.0%) of the twenty-five inspection teams penned good inspection reports. Eleven (44.0%) teams drafted needs improvement reports and the remaining eleven teams (44.0%) prepared unacceptable reports. The excellent report and the two good reports had report format that meet expectation. One (50.0%) of the good reports showed the authors possess excellent knowledge of cGMP technical areas. The remain good report (50.0%) revealed the writers’ knowledge.as good. The excellent report showed the authors displayed partial mastery in the use of objective evidence while the two good reports disclosed theirs as having partial and evolving abilities. One of the teams (50.0%) that wrote good reports displayed good use of third person narrative past tense in report writing whereas the other team used the same tense and voice excellently. Generally, a sort of marginal level of performance was prominent among the inspection teams. A gap, if not tackled, will slow down regulatory process through increase report review, litigations that query report factual accuracy (AIHO, 2017) and delay in issuance of marketing authorization. In conclusion, trainings on quality attributes, such as technical content (Quality Management System (QMS) and Site), the use of objective evidence, assignment of risk levels to GMP violations and citing of applicable laws, regulation and guidelines that substantiate GMP observations, were recommended, to enhance knowledge sharing and regulators’ performance in the act of writing inspection report.