To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Stalk rot.
Journal articles on the topic 'Stalk rot'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Stalk rot.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Gatch, E. W., and G. P. Munkvold. "Fungal Species Composition in Maize Stalks in Relation to European Corn Borer Injury and Transgenic Insect Protection." Plant Disease 86, no. 10 (October 2002): 1156–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2002.86.10.1156.
Full textAbstract:
The maize stalk rot complex is comprised of several fungal pathogens, including Gibberella zeae, Colletotrichum graminicola, Stenocarpella maydis, and several members of the genus Fusarium. The European corn borer (ECB) (Ostrinia nubilalis) can contribute to stalk rot development by creating entry wounds and by serving as a vector of some stalk rot pathogens, particularly Fusarium verticillioides. Transgenic insect protection of maize hybrids with insecticidal proteins derived from Bacillus thuringiensis greatly reduces ECB injury and may therefore alter the species composition and diversity of the stalk rot complex. Field experiments were conducted in 1998, 1999, and 2000 to compare the species composition and diversity of fungi infecting stalks of Bt and non-Bt maize hybrids. Hybrids representing five Bt types (or “events”) and their near-isogenic non-Bt counterparts were subjected to manual and natural infestations with ECB larvae. Stalk tissue samples were cultured to determine fungal species composition. At least one species was isolated from nearly every stalk and from both diseased and symptomless tissues. G. zeae was the most common species in 1998 and 1999, but C. graminicola was most common in 2000. The mean proportions of stalks infected with F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans were significantly lower in Bt hybrids than in non-Bt hybrids in 2 of the 3 years. Conversely, the mean proportion of stalks infected with G. zeae was higher in some Bt hybrids than their non-Bt counterparts in two of the three years. F. verticillioides was more likely to be isolated from ECB-injured tissue, whereas G. zeae and C. graminicola were more likely to be isolated from tissue not associated with ECB injury. The overall species diversity of the stalk rot complex was lower in some Bt hybrids compared with their non-Bt counterparts in 1998 and 1999. ECB activity appeared to alter fungal species composition in stalks, reflecting the association between ECB injury and specific stalk rot pathogens, particularly F. verticillioides. The species composition of fungi infecting stalks of Bt hybrids differed from that of non-Bt hybrids, but the implications of this result are not yet clear.
2
Kang, M. S. "A comparative study of pith cell death in stalk internodes of corn grown on organic and conventional fields." American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 1, no. 4 (1986): 165–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300001259.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractA few farmers in the Midwest produce corn (Zea mays L.) commercially by using organic methods, i.e., use no synthetic fertilizers or pesticides. Studies have been conducted previously on organic vs. conventional fields to compare yield, soil properties, stalk lodging and rot, and crude protein. However, pith cell death in stalk internodes, an important trait related to stalk lodging and stalk rot, has not been studied previously under organic and conventional management systems. Fertility differences exist between organically-managed and conventionally-managed fields which can influence pith cell death and related traits. This study was conducted to compare pith cell death in corn stalks on matched pairs of organic and conventional fields (2 in Illinois, 2 in Iowa, and 1 in Minnesota). For the four lowermost consecutive internodes above the brace roots examined in this study, there was no consistent pattern for pith cell death differences among pairs. In three of five pairs, the second internode pith cell death was higher on organic fields than on conventional fields. The same pattern was observed for the third stalk internode. Numbers of European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner) were less in the stalks on organic plots, a plausible cause for greater stalk lodging and rot resistance on organically-managed fields. Further study of pith cell death and stalk rot relationship under organic and conventional managements is needed to elucidate fertility relations and other unique factors at work on organic and conventional fields. It appears that while there are some factors that affect pith cell death, stalk rot, and stalk lodging similarly, there may be other factors that affect these three traits differentially.
3
Li, Lina, Qing Qu, Zhiyan Cao, Zhengyu Guo, Hui Jia, Ning Liu, Yanhui Wang, and Jingao Dong. "The Relationship Analysis on Corn Stalk Rot and Ear Rot According to Fusarium Species and Fumonisin Contamination in Kernels." Toxins 11, no. 6 (June 5, 2019): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11060320.
Full textAbstract:
Fusarium diseases, including corn root rot, sheath rot, stalk rot, and ear rot are frequently occurring in maize producing areas of China. Fusarium stalk rot and ear rot are the most serious diseases and often occur at the same time, but it is unclear whether there is a correlation between Fusarium composition and disease occurrence. This study was conducted to clarify the relationship between the two diseases. A total of 49 corn stalk rot samples were collected from 15 regions of eight provinces in China from 2016 to 2018. The pathogens were isolated and identified separately from stalks, ear stems, and kernels. The contents of the fumonisins (FB1 and FB2) were detected in kernels. The results showed that the main Fusarium species were found in corn kernels, ear stems and stalks at the same time. The results showed that 1201 strains of Fusarium verticillioides, 668 strains of Fusarium oxysporum, 574 strains of Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC), 318 strains of Fusarium equiseti, 95 strains of Fusarium proliferatum, and 40 strains of Fusarium subglutinans were isolated from 1470 corn kernels, 245 ear stems, and 1225 stalks randomly selected from 49 samples. The contamination rate of fumonisins in the 49 samples was 57.1% with an average content of 1.9 μg/g, of which four samples exhibited higher levels as set by the European Commission (4.0 μg/g). These results provide a certain association between stalk rot and ear rot and lay a foundation to study the relationships among Fusarium maize diseases.
4
Quesada-Ocampo, L. M., J. Al-Haddad, A. C. Scruggs, C. R. Buell, and F. Trail. "Susceptibility of Maize to Stalk Rot Caused by Fusarium graminearum Deoxynivalenol and Zearalenone Mutants." Phytopathology® 106, no. 8 (August 2016): 920–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-09-15-0199-r.
Full textAbstract:
Fusarium graminearum is a destructive pathogen of cereals that can cause stalk rot in maize. Stalk rot results in yield losses due to impaired grain filling, premature senescence, and lodging, which limits production and harvesting of ears. In addition, mycotoxins can make infected tissues unfit for silage. Our objectives were to evaluate the natural variation in stalk rot resistance among maize inbreds, to establish whether deoxynivalenol (DON)- and zearalenone (ZEA)-deficient strains are pathogenic on a panel of diverse inbreds, and to quantify the accumulation of DON in infected stalk tissue. Wild-type F. graminearum and mycotoxin mutants (DON and ZEA) were used to separately inoculate stalks of 9-week-old plants of 20 inbreds in the greenhouse. Plants were evaluated for lesion area at the inoculation point at 0, 2, 14, and 28 days postinoculation and tissues around lesions were sampled to determine the DON content. Regardless of their ability to produce DON or ZEA, all tested F. graminearum strains caused stalk rot; however, significant differences in disease levels were detected. Among the tested inbreds, Mp717 was resistant to all three F. graminearum strains while Mp317 and HP301 were only partially resistant. Accumulation of DON was significantly lower in infected stalks of the resistant and partially resistant inbreds than the susceptible inbreds. Analysis of the 20 inbreds using data from 17 simple-sequence repeats revealed population structure among the individuals; however, there was no association between genetic clustering and stalk rot resistance. These findings are an additional step toward breeding maize inbreds suitable for planting in fields infested with F. graminearum.
5
Dalmacio, Samuel C., Tomas R. Lugod, Emmanuel M. Serrano, and Gary P. Munkvold. "Reduced Incidence of Bacterial Rot on Transgenic Insect-Resistant Maize in the Philippines." Plant Disease 91, no. 4 (April 2007): 346–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-91-4-0346.
Full textAbstract:
In the Philippines and parts of Southeast Asia, Asian corn borer (Ostrinia furnacalis) is a serious pest of maize, and injury from this insect often is associated with the occurrence of bacterial stalk and ear rot (caused by Erwinia chrysanthemi pv. zeae). The effect of transgenic insect protection on the incidence of bacterial stalk and ear rot was studied in the Philippines with seven field trials in Mindanao and two trials in Laguna. Three transgenic hybrids (expressing Bt protein Cry1Ab) and their conventional near-isogenic counterparts were included in Mindanao, and one transgenic/conventional hybrid pair was used in Laguna (Los Banos). In the Mindanao trials, bacterial stalk rot was rated on a 1 to 9 scale approximately 2 weeks before harvest, while in Laguna, bacterial rot mortality and bacterial ear rot incidence were assessed 10 days before and at harvest, respectively. In all trials, the number of Asian corn borer tunnels was assessed by splitting stalks at harvest. Results of the trials showed significant differences between the transgenic hybrids and their conventional counterparts in terms of bacterial stalk and ear rot incidence, number of Asian corn borer tunnels, and yield. Transgenic hybrids invariably showed significantly lower bacterial stalk rot mortality and ear rot incidence, no Asian corn borer infestation, and higher yield compared with their conventional counterparts. Average yield advantage of transgenic hybrids ranged from 1.2 to 5.1 t/ha. Results confirm the important role of Asian corn borer in the initiation and spread of bacterial stalk and ear rot in maize; hence, the use of transgenic insect-resistant hybrids will have an added value in areas where this disease is prevalent.
6
Wilson, J. P. "Fungi Associated with the Stalk Rot Complex of Pearl Millet." Plant Disease 86, no. 8 (August 2002): 833–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2002.86.8.833.
Full textAbstract:
Stalk rot is frequently observed in maturing, rust-infected pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum). Fungi were isolated from internal stalk tissue, and their association with node discoloration and rust infection at different stages of plant maturity was determined to gain a greater understanding of stalk rot etiology. In 1995, stalk rot was observed in a breeding population of pearl millet. Stalks of 10 rust-infected plants were collected on each of three dates during grain fill. Frequency of symptomatic, discolored nodes was higher in the later sampling dates. Stalk sections from 119 discolored nodes were surface sterilized and plated onto agar media. Fungi most frequently isolated from symptomatic nodes were Bipolaris setariae (isolated from 47% of discolored nodes), Fusarium semitectum (28.6%), and F. moniliforme sensu lato (23.5%). Isolation frequency of these fungi differed (P < 0.05) with sampling date. In 1996 and 1997, the hybrid HGM 100 was evaluated at two dates of planting in each year. Ten stalks were sampled at each of four growth stages: panicle emergence, stigma emergence, milk, and hard dough. A total of 140 stalks was assessed for rust severity and for internal stalk discoloration at the nodes. The frequency of discolored nodes increased with plant maturation and was correlated (P < 0.01) with severity of rust infection. All nodes were plated on an agar medium, and a total of 1,512 isolates from 30 fungal genera or species were isolated from the 1,540 nodes of the sampled stalks. F. moniliforme was isolated most frequently (isolated from 23.5% of all nodes). Frequency of isolation of F. moniliforme from nodes within stalks increased with advancing maturity in the earlier dates of planting, but was not correlated with rust infection. B. setariae (isolated from 9.2% of all nodes) was more frequently isolated from plants at the dough stage in three plantings, and was correlated (P < 0.01) with rust severity. Trends in the frequency of isolation of other fungi were inconsistent between planting dates or among growth stages. Frequency of isolation of F. semitectum (isolated from 11.0% of all nodes) and Alternaria spp. (6.9% of all nodes) was correlated (P < 0.05) with rust severity. Frequency of isolation of Curvularia spp. (isolated from 7.0% of all nodes) was negatively correlated (P < 0.05) with rust severity. Isolation of Alternaria spp. and B. setariae was more frequently associated with node discoloration than was isolation of the other fungi. Stalk rot of pearl millet is the result of a complex of several fungi whose incidence was influenced by rust infection, plant maturation, and environmental factors associated with differences among years and dates of planting.
7
Csaba Szőke, István Virág, Donát Magyar, Ferenc Rácz, and Csaba L. Marton. "Studies on the Fusarium stalk rot infection of the maize genotypes using the Findex percentage and a computerised image analysis program." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 43 (October 30, 2011): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/43/2636.
Full textAbstract:
In a continental climate, the pathogens causing the most serious problems are species belonging to the Fusarium genus. When the pathogen attacks the stalk, the plant dies earlier, reducing grain filling and resulting in small, light ears. In addition, the stalks break or lodge, resulting in further yield losses from ears that cannot be harvested. During the three years of the experiment, 14 inbred lines were examined. The genotypes were sown in a two-factor split-plot design with four replications, with the genotypes in the main plots and four treatments in the subplots: two Fusarium graminearum isolates (1. FG36, 2. FGH4), 3. sterile kernels, 4. untreated control. The results experiments showed significant differences between the genotypes for resistance to fusarium stalk rot. Among the inbred lines the best resistance to fusarium stalk rot was exhibited by P06 and P07, both of which were related to ISSS. The precision and sensitivity of disease evaluations carried out visually and using image analysis software were compared in the experiment, and with two exceptions the CV values were lower for the image analysis. As the CV for measurements can be considered as a relative error, it can be stated that image analysis is the more precise of the two methods, so this technique gives a more accurate picture of the extent of stalk rot. The extent of stalk rot developing in response to natural infection is extremely environment-dependent, so the use of artificial inoculation is recommended for selection trials.
8
Bandara, Y. M. A. Y., D. K. Weerasooriya, T. T. Tesso, and C. R. Little. "Stalk Rot Fungi Affect Leaf Greenness (SPAD) of Grain Sorghum in a Genotype- and Growth-Stage-Specific Manner." Plant Disease 100, no. 10 (October 2016): 2062–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-02-16-0171-re.
Full textAbstract:
Stalk rots are among the most prevalent and destructive sorghum diseases worldwide. Although experimental evidence is limited, delayed postflowering senescence due to the staygreen trait is accepted as a physiological means of stalk rot resistance. Staygreen has been shown to be correlated with chlorophyll content (as measured by a soil and plant analytical development [SPAD] meter). Field experiments were conducted to test the effects of Fusarium stalk rot and charcoal rot on SPAD readings at three developmental stages, to test whether staygreen genotypes are more resilient to stalk-rot-mediated chlorophyll degradation, and to examine the relationships between SPAD and stalk rot resistance and tolerance when plants were inoculated with causal organisms. Staygreen and nonstaygreen lines (two) and hybrids (two) established in the field were inoculated with Fusarium thapsinum, F. proliferatum, F. andiyazi, and Macrophomina phaseolina at 14 days after flowering. SPAD readings were obtained at soft-dough, hard-dough, and physiological maturity. Most pathogens significantly reduced the SPAD of the genotypes over the mock-inoculated control at three developmental stages. The stalk-rot-resistant and staygreen check line, SC599, showed a remarkable feature of negative senescence from soft dough to physiological maturity under disease pressure. Disease severity was significantly and negatively correlated with SPAD at all developmental stages, revealing the potential impact of the staygreen trait on stalk rot resistance. The difference between control and pathogen-treated total seed weight per panicle (i.e., tolerance) was significantly and positively correlated with the difference between control and pathogen-treated SPAD at physiological maturity, demonstrating the ability of staygreen trait to enhance stalk rot tolerance under disease pressure.
9
Jirak-Peterson, Jennifer C., and Paul D. Esker. "Tillage, Crop Rotation, and Hybrid Effects on Residue and Corn Anthracnose Occurrence in Wisconsin." Plant Disease 95, no. 5 (May 2011): 601–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-11-10-0837.
Full textAbstract:
Corn anthracnose (Colletotrichum graminicola) is an important disease of field corn (Zea mays). Two phases, leaf blight and stalk rot, can reduce yield through either premature leaf senescence or reduced grain harvest due to stalk lodging. Corn residue is an important source of primary inoculum and is increased through cultural practices such as no-tillage and continuous corn cropping, which are common practices in Wisconsin. Field studies conducted at the Arlington Agricultural Research Station (ARS) and the West Madison ARS showed that the incidence and severity of anthracnose leaf blight were higher in continuous-corn crop rotations than in soybean–corn rotations (91% higher incidence, 24 to 78% higher severity). Anthracnose stalk rot was marginally affected by tillage in 2008 (P = 0.09), with higher incidence in chisel-plowed treatments. There was a positive association between spring residue cover and anthracnose leaf blight but no association was found between residue and stalk rot. No association was found between anthracnose leaf blight and stalk rot. There was a negative association between anthracnose leaf blight and yield but not between anthracnose stalk rot and yield. Managing residue levels through crop rotation would help to reduce anthracnose leaf blight but further work is needed to elucidate factors that lead to stalk lodging prior to harvest.
10
Bandara, Y. M. A. Y., T. T. Tesso, S. R. Bean, F. E. Dowell, and C. R. Little. "Impacts of Fungal Stalk Rot Pathogens on Physicochemical Properties of Sorghum Grain." Plant Disease 101, no. 12 (December 2017): 2059–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-02-17-0238-re.
Full textAbstract:
Stalk rot diseases are among the most ubiquitous and damaging fungal diseases of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) worldwide. Although reports of quantitative yield losses to stalk rots are available, the impact of stalk rot on grain quality attributes is unknown. This study was conducted to test whether stalk rot diseases could affect grain mineral (N, P, K; Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn) and macronutrient (protein, fat, and starch) content, ash content, and physical traits (unit grain weight, hardness, and diameter). A field experiment was conducted in 2013 and 2014 with four sorghum genotypes (two hybrids and two lines). Plants from each genotype were inoculated with four stalk rot pathogens (Fusarium andiyazi, F. proliferatum, F. thapsinum, and Macrophomina phaseolina) and mock-inoculated with phosphate-buffered saline (control). Grains collected from infected and control plants were analyzed for macronutrient and ash content using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy, grain hardness and diameter using the single-kernel characterization system, and mineral content using the Rapid Flow Analyzer (Model RFA-300 for N) and inductively coupled plasma spectrometer (for P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn). Although stalk rot pathogens significantly reduced unit grain weight, they did not significantly affect grain hardness and diameter and, therefore, may not affect milling quality. Pathogens significantly reduced all macronutrient and most mineral contents across genotypes and environments on a per-unit-grain basis, except N and Mg, which were affected in a genotype- and environment-specific manner, and Fe, which was not significantly affected. Most minerals tested were significantly and negatively correlated with disease severity (lesion length) and total grain weight per panicle. The hybrid tested (Pioneer 84G62) exhibited reduced mineral and macronutritional changes after stalk rot infection, providing insights into the possibility of producing high-yielding, nutritionally stable hybrids under stalk rot disease pressure through dedicated breeding efforts.
11
Hanson, L. E., and R. T. Lewellen. "Stalk Rot of Sugar Beet Caused by Fusarium solani on the Pacific Coast." Plant Disease 91, no. 9 (September 2007): 1204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-91-9-1204b.
Full textAbstract:
In 2006, symptoms of stalk blight (2) were observed on sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) plants from roots produced in Oregon that were being grown for seed production in a greenhouse in Salinas, CA using Salinas Valley soil. Symptoms included vascular and cortical browning, necrosis, and death of seed stalks. Isolations were made from the edge of stalk lesions and the crown. In addition to Fusarium oxysporum, the known cause of stalk blight (2), two isolates of F. solani were identified by morphology. For pathogenicity tests, sugar beet plants (FC606 [4]), grown in pasteurized potting mix and induced to flower by exposure at 4 to 7°C for 90 days (1) were used. Bolting plants were maintained in a greenhouse at 24 to 27°C. A 100-μl drop of a spore suspension (104 spores per ml) of each Fusarium isolate was placed on the surface of the seed stalk. The plant was stabbed through the drop with a sterile 18-gauge needle so that the drop was taken into the plant by hygroscopic pressure. Positive and negative control treatments were a stalk blight isolate of F. oxysporum from an Oregon seed production field and sterile water, respectively. Three plants were inoculated per isolate. Each inoculation site was wrapped loosely in Parafilm for 1 week to maintain a high humidity level around the site of inoculation, and seed stalks were covered in cloth bags (1). After 1 week, the Parafilm was removed and plants were examined weekly for symptoms. At 4 weeks, lesion size was measured. After 5 weeks, sections were taken from the seed stalk around the site of inoculation, surface disinfested with 0.5% NaOCl, and plated on potato dextrose agar to confirm the presence of the pathogen. The experiment was done twice. One of the two isolates of F. solani caused dark brown lesions on all inoculated seed stalks. On one plant, at 4 weeks after inoculation when the bag was being removed for observation, the seed stalk broke at the site of inoculation because of a spreading, brown lesion at the site. No lesions were observed on the water control plants. Brown lesions were observed on seed stalks inoculated with the known stalk blight isolate. Lesions were significantly (P = 0.001) larger with F. oxysporum than with F. solani when measured at 4 weeks (mean of 6.3 cm versus 2.2 cm, respectively). Lesions caused by F. solani showed a dark discoloration through the cortical tissue, as opposed to those caused by F. oxysporum, for which most of the initial discoloration was in the vascular bundles and epidermis. Fusarium isolates recovered from inoculated plants were morphologically similar to the isolates used for inoculation. Fusarium spp. were not isolated from the water control plants. While some F. solani isolates cause seedling or mature root disease in sugar beet (3), to our knowledge, this is the first report of a Fusarium species other than F. oxysporum causing a rot of sugar beet stalks. References: (1) E. Biancardi et al. Genetics and Breeding of Sugar Beet Science Publishers, Inc., Enfield, NH, 2005. (2) A. N. Mukhopadhay. Handbook of Diseases of Sugar Beet, Vol. 1. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 1987. (3) E. G. Ruppel. Plant Dis. 75:486, 1991. (4) G. A. Smith and E. G. Ruppel. Crop Sci. 19:300, 1980.
12
Gatch, E. W., R. L. Hellmich, and G. P. Munkvold. "A Comparison of Maize Stalk Rot Occurrence in Bt and Non-Bt Hybrids." Plant Disease 86, no. 10 (October 2002): 1149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2002.86.10.1149.
Full textAbstract:
Stalk rots, caused by a complex of fungal species, are among the most widespread and destructive diseases of maize. Larvae of the European corn borer (ECB) (Ostrinia nubilalis) promote stalk rot development by creating entry points for fungi, serving as vectors of pathogens, and causing physiological stress that may predispose plants to stalk decay. Field experiments were conducted in 1998, 1999, and 2000 to determine whether the use of transgenic Bt hybrids expressing insecticidal proteins would influence stalk rot symptoms (pith disintegration, pith discoloration, and lodging). Five hybrids representing different Bt types (or “Bt events”) (176, BT11, MON810, DBT418, and CBH351) were paired with their near-isogenic, non-Bt counterparts and subjected to treatments of manual and natural infestation with ECB larvae. Manual infestation resulted in significantly more ECB tunneling than natural infestation in 1998 and 1999 and significantly more lodging in 1998. There were significant linear correlations between ECB injury and stalk rot symptoms in non-Bt hybrids in 1998 and 1999, but not in 2000. A standard foliar insecticide treatment for ECB did not significantly affect stalk rot symptoms. In 1998, Bt hybrids had significantly less ECB tunneling, stalk discoloration, pith disintegration, and lodging compared with non-Bt hybrids, but these effects depended upon the Bt event and the infestation treatment. Similar but less pronounced effects of Bt events were observed in 1999. The 2000 results were more variable; the amount of pith disintegration was significantly lower but discoloration was significantly higher in the BT11 hybrid compared with its non-Bt counterpart, and the amount of lodging was significantly higher in the event 176 hybrid compared with its non-Bt counterpart. The ratio of stalk strength to grain weight did not consistently differ between Bt and non-Bt hybrids. These results indicate that, although specific Bt events in some years may cause reductions in stalk rot, the overall effect of Bt transformation on stalk rot occurrence is highly variable.
13
Ledečan, T., D. Šumić, I. Brkić, A. Jambrović, and Z. Zdunić. "Resistance of Maize Inbreds and their Hybrids to Fusarium Stalk Rot." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 39, No. 1 (November 23, 2011): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3716-cjgpb.
Full textAbstract:
The resistance of 35 inbred lines and their 70 hybrids with two testers to stalk rot is described and the results of natural and artificial stalk infection are compared. A mixture of Fusarium spp. spores was used for artificial infections. The disease was scored for two years. Inbreds and hybrids differed significantly in resistance and infection types in both years. Generally, disease scores of hybrids were lower than of inbreds. No close association was found between lines and their testcross hybrids (r = –0.06 to 0.29) and between hybrids with the two testers (r = –0.04 to 0.38). The correlation coefficients of disease scores after natural and artificial infection were in inbreds and in hybrids highly significant (r = 0.45–0.87). The results suggest, that Fusarium stalk rot resistance should be tested in both inbreds and hybrids. We recommend for maize breeding, that tests with artificial infection should be followed by tests under natural infection.
14
Bukan, Miroslav, Hrvoje Sarcevic, Ivica Buhinicek, Branko Palaversic, Ramsey Lewis, and Vinko Kozumplik. "Stalk rot resistance in Maksimir 3 synthetic maize population after four cycles of recurrent selection." Genetika 45, no. 3 (2013): 921–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr1303921b.
Full textAbstract:
Fusarium stalk rot (FSR) and anthracnose stalk rot (ASR), caused by Fusarium spp. and Colletotrichum graminicola (Ces.) G.W. Wils. respectively, are the two most important stalk diseases in maize which increase the incidence of stalk lodging and reduce grain yield. The aim of the present study was to (1) evaluate the effect of four cycles of recurrent selection in the Maksimir 3 Synthetic (M3S) maize population on ASR and FSR resistance and (2) to investigate the correlation among the different disease rating methods. The experiment included six M3S cycle populations per se and their test-crosses with a single cross hybrid. ASR resistance was estimated on artificially inoculated plant rows using three ratings (the number of infected internodes, the number of internodes rotten more than 75% and evaluation of outer stalk discoloration) whereas FSR resistance was estimated in artificially inoculated rows as well as in naturally inoculated rows by rating severity of disease symptoms on longitudinally cut stalks using the standard resistance scale. The results of the present study showed that four cycles of selection in the M3S maize population, conducted primarily for grain yield improvement, did not significantly affect its resistance to both ASR and FSR. Among the disease ratings a moderate positive correlation was found only between two ASR resistance ratings (the number of infected internodes and the number of internodes rotted more than 75%) in both population per se (r=0.49**) and population test-crosses (r=0.56**).
15
NAITO, Shigeo, and Toshiya SUGIMOTO. "Sclerotinia stalk rot of sugar beets." Japanese Journal of Phytopathology 52, no. 2 (1986): 217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3186/jjphytopath.52.217.
Full text
16
Subedi, Subash, Saraswati Neupane, Keshab Babu Koirala, and Lokendra Oli. "Evaluation of maize genotypes against post flowering stalk rot under terai region of Nepal." Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 239–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/janr.v4i1.33276.
Full textAbstract:
The inadequate source of resistance materials in maize against major biotic stresses is one of the main reasons for considerable loss of grain yield in Nepal. Post flowering stalk rot disease caused by Fusarium moniliforme is a serious disease that exposes high incidence at grain filling stage of maize in terai region of Nepal during summer season. This study was done to evaluate level of resistance, or tolerance in selected genotypes against the post flowering stalk rot disease of maize. Accordingly, thirty maize genotypes were tested for maize stalk rot resistance during summer season of 2016 and 2017 at National Maize Research Program, Rampur (NMRP), Chitwan. The experiment was done under natural epiphytotic condition at hot spot of the disease by using Randomized Complete Block design with 2 replications for each treatment. The package of practices was followed as per national recommendation. The summer season of 2016 and 2017 were affable for post flowering stalk rot of maize at NMRP, Rampur. Out of 30 genotypes, most of the tested entries showed susceptible reaction during both the years; however, RML-95/RML-96, Across-9942/Across-9944, ZM-401, Rampur 34, RamS03F08 and TLBRS07F16 showed resistant reaction against the disease and might be useful for the development of post flowering stalk rot resistant maize varieties for terai region of Nepal.
17
Cohen, Yuval, Stanley Freeman, Aida Zveibil, Rachel Ben Zvi, Yaakov Nakache, Shimon Biton, and Victoria Soroker. "Reevaluation of Factors Affecting Bunch Drop in Date Palm." HortScience 45, no. 6 (June 2010): 887–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.45.6.887.
Full textAbstract:
Severe damage has been observed in Israeli date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) plantations of the Medjool cultivar as a result of drying and dropping of fruit bunches. Both fractures and rot occurred during peduncle (fruit stalk) development at proximal points located deep within the crown. The phenomenon has been previously described as “cross–cut” or “V-cut.” The present study aimed to characterize the phenomenon and identify the main causal factors. Annual surveys have revealed high levels of fruit bunch drop in all ‘Medjool’ cultivation areas in Israel. Arenipses sabella and other insects were only occasionally detected in the damaged fruit stalks. Similar damage levels observed in insecticide-treated and untreated plots suggested that insects were not directly responsible for this phenomenon. Tissue decay was detected in many of the freshly fallen fruit stalks. The pathogenic fungus, Fusarium proliferatum, was detected in most of the necrotic fruit stalks. Fusarium proliferatum isolates from infected fruit stalks generated necrotic lesions in fruit stalk tissue in vitro. However, fungicide treatments on trees in the orchards were ineffective in reducing bunch drop. On the other hand, restraining the growth rate of the fruit stalk, by reducing irrigation levels (to 20%) during the period of fruit stalk development and growth, significantly reduced bunch drop levels in most of the examined plots. These data suggest that bunch drop in ‘Medjool’ date palm is caused mainly by physiological disorders related to fruit stalk development and growth.
18
Holley, R. N. "Stalk Quality and Stalk Rot Resistance of Tropical Hybrid Maize Derivatives." Plant Disease 72, no. 4 (1988): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-72-0321.
Full text
19
Esechie, H. A. "Relationship of stalk morphology and chemical composition to lodging resistance in maize (Zea mays L.) in a rainforest zone." Journal of Agricultural Science 104, no. 2 (April 1985): 429–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600044130.
Full textAbstract:
SummaryField and laboratory studies were carried out in 1981 and 1982 to investigate the relationship of stalk morphology and chemical composition to lodging resistance in maize in the rainforest zone of Nigeria.Morphological characters correlated with lodging were plant height, diameter and length of basal internode, thickness of rind and weight of 5 cm basal section. Lodging was negatively correlated with grain yield, and with the percentages of total nonstructural carbohydrate, protein and potassium in the stalks. Premature stalk senescence and rot were common in varieties susceptible to lodging. Lodging had no relationship with leaf area and number of days from sowing to flowering.
20
Yin, Zhi, and J. W. Hoy. "Effect of Stalk Desiccation on Sugarcane Red Rot." Plant Disease 81, no. 11 (November 1997): 1247–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1997.81.11.1247.
Full textAbstract:
The effect of drought conditions at planting time on sugarcane red rot, caused by Colletotrichum falcatum, was evaluated in experiments conducted under controlled conditions and in the field. For experiments under controlled conditions, detached and topped mature stalks of five cultivars were inoculated with conidia of C. falcatum, then exposed to a 3-week desiccation treatment, followed by 3 weeks without desiccation, or maintained for 6 weeks without desiccation. Disease severity, assessed as the number of nodes beyond which rot symptoms extended, number of nodes rotted, internode rot severity, and a rot severity index, was increased in five cultivars by exposure to desiccation. However, response of individual cultivars varied for some disease traits assessed. In field experiments, C. falcatum inoculation alone did not reduce spring shoot populations for seven cultivars. The lowest shoot populations occurred in plantings of inoculated stalks exposed to desiccation. Some cultivars were adversely affected by desiccation alone. These results demonstrate that red rot severity can be increased by the occurrence of drought conditions during the initial growth processes of vegetatively propagated sugarcane stalks.
21
Tagele, Setu, Sang Kim, Hyun Lee, and Youn Lee. "Aggressiveness and Fumonisins Production of Fusarium Subglutinans and Fusarium Temperatum on Korean Maize Cultivars." Agronomy 9, no. 2 (February 15, 2019): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9020088.
Full textAbstract:
Fusarium root rot and stalk rot are becoming a threat to maize production worldwide. However, there is still limited information about the aggressiveness of Fusarium subglutinans Edwards and Fusarium temperatum and their relationship with fumonisin production. In this study, for the first time, the reaction of seven Korean maize cultivars to F. subglutinans and F. temperatum was investigated. The results showed that among the maize cultivars, Hik-chal and Miheung-chal had the highest Fusarium-induced root rot and stalk rot severity, while De Hack-chal had the lowest disease severity regardless of the Fusarium species. Furthermore, the disease resistant cv. De Hack-chal accumulated low levels of fumonisins (FUM) in the infected stalk, while cv. Hik-chal and Miheung-chal had the highest level of FUM. It is worth to note that, plants infected with F. temperatum had a higher FUM concentration compared to cultivars infected with F. subglutinans. The present study shows a significant correlation between stalk rot ratings and FUM levels and it also presents new information about the potential risk of FUM contamination of maize stalk with F. subglutinans and F. temperatum in South Korea. In addition, enzyme activities like polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD), and the amount of total phenol content (TPC) were studied in selected susceptible cultivar Miheung-chal and resistant cultivar De Hack-chal. The activity of PPO, POD and concentration of TPC were generally higher in the roots of the resistant cultivar than the susceptible cultivar. Moreover, following inoculation of either F. subglutinans or F. temperatum, there was a significant increase in PPO and POD activity in the roots of both cultivars. Hence, the information provided in this study could be helpful to better understand the mechanisms of resistance response to infection of Fusarium root rot pathogens.
22
Subedi, Subash, Himalaya Subedi, and Saraswati Neupane. "Status of maize stalk rot complex in western belts of Nepal and its integrated management." Journal of Maize Research and Development 2, no. 1 (December 23, 2016): 30–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmrd.v2i1.16213.
Full textAbstract:
Maize stalk rot complex is becoming a serious threat for maize growing areas of Nepal. A field monitoring for maize stalk rot complex was done during crop season (August, 2016) covering 10 farmers field each of Surkhet, Banke, Dang, Chitwan and Nawalparasi districts. Maize crop showed highly susceptible reaction to the disease at western belts of Dang and susceptible reaction was marked in Chitwan and Nawalparasi districts while the disease effect was mild at Banke and Surkhet district. Most of the plant diseases managed successfully through the application of bio-control agents, host resistance, chemicals and other different cultural control methods. The result of field experiment conducted at Dang showed that all the treatments had significant (P≤0.05) effect on percent disease index (PDI) and crop yield over farmers practice to control maize stalk rot. The higher percent disease control (52.36%) and yield increase (40.29%) were recorded from the plot sprayed with streptocyclin @ 2 g L-1 and insecticide (cypermethrin + chloropyrifos @ 2.5 ml L-1 of water during knee height and subsequent spray after 15 days interval as compared to farmers practice. Out of 30 genotypes, Rampur composit, Arun 2, Rampur 34, RamS03F08, TLBRS07F16 and Rampur 24 were found resistant against stalk rot complex with higher yield at Rampur Chitwan.
23
Chambers, K. R. "Stalk Rot of Maize: Host-pathogen Interaction." Journal of Phytopathology 118, no. 2 (February 1987): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.1987.tb00438.x.
Full text
24
Afolabi, C. G., P. S. Ojiambo, E. J. A. Ekpo, A. Menkir, and R. Bandyopadhyay. "Novel Sources of Resistance to Fusarium Stalk Rot of Maize in Tropical Africa." Plant Disease 92, no. 5 (May 2008): 772–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-92-5-0772.
Full textAbstract:
Fusarium stalk rot is one of the most widespread and destructive diseases of maize, and deployment of resistant genotypes is one of the most effective strategies for controlling the disease. Fifty inbred lines and four checks from the breeding program of the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture were evaluated in field trials at Ikenne and Ibadan, Nigeria in 2003 and 2004 to identify new sources of resistance to stalk rot caused by Fusarium verticillioides. Evaluations were conducted under artificial inoculation and natural infection at Ibadan and Ikenne, respectively. Disease severity was recorded using a severity scale (SS) and direct estimation of stalk discoloration (SD). The two methods of disease assessment were compared and combined to classify genotypes into resistance groups using results from rank-sum analysis. In 2003, disease severity ranged from SS = 1 to 5 and SD = 1.3 to 33.8% at both locations. Both SS and SD were significantly (P < 0.01) higher in 2003 than in 2004 at the two locations. In both years, inbred lines significantly differed in SS (P < 0.02) and SD (P < 0.04) at Ibadan. Similarly, inbred lines significantly differed in SS (P < 0.04) and SD (P < 0.04) when genotypes were evaluated at Ikenne. Disease assessments based on SS and SD were significantly correlated (0.68 < r < 0.95, P < 0.01) in both years. Based on the results from rank-sum analysis, inbred lines were separated into highly resistant, resistant, moderately resistant, moderately susceptible, susceptible, and highly susceptible groups. At Ibadan, 6 (11.1%) and 8 (14.8%) were identified as highly resistant and resistant, respectively, whereas 11 (20.4%) were identified as resistant at Ikenne. Inbred lines 02C14609, 02C14643, 02C14654, and 02C14678 were consistently classified as either highly resistant or resistant to stalk rot across locations and years while the check genotypes were classified either as susceptible or moderately susceptible to stalk rot. These four inbred lines identified to have high levels of disease resistance may be used for breeding maize with resistance to Fusarium stalk rot.
25
Reid, L. M., C. Voloaca, J. Wu, T. Woldemariam, K. K. Jindal, M. M. Jindal, and X. Zhu. "CO463 corn inbred line." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 98, no. 5 (October 1, 2018): 1212–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2017-0377.
Full textAbstract:
CO463 is a short-season corn (Zea mays L.) inbred line with excellent combining ability with both Iodent and stiff stalk inbred testers, as well as intermediate resistance to common rust, eyespot, common smut, and Fusarium stalk rot.
26
Cheng, Xingkai, Xiaoxue Ji, Yanzhen Ge, Jingjing Li, Wenzhe Qi, and Kang Qiao. "Characterization of Antagonistic Bacillus methylotrophicus Isolated From Rhizosphere and Its Biocontrol Effects on Maize Stalk Rot." Phytopathology® 109, no. 4 (April 2019): 571–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-07-18-0220-r.
Full textAbstract:
Stalk rot is one of the most serious and widespread diseases in maize, and effective control measures are currently lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a new biological agent to manage this disease. An antagonistic bacterial strain, TA-1, was isolated from rhizosphere soil and identified as Bacillus methylotrophicus based on morphological and biochemical characterization and 16S ribosomal RNA and gyrB gene sequence analyses. TA-1 exhibited a strong antifungal effect on the growth of Fusarium graminearum mycelium, with 86.3% inhibition at a concentration of 108 CFU per ml. Transmission electron microscopy showed that TA-1 could disrupt the cellular structure of the fungus, induce necrosis, and degrade the cell wall. Greenhouse and field trials were performed to evaluate the biocontrol efficacy of TA-1 on maize stalk rot, and the results of greenhouse experiment revealed that the bacterium significantly reduced disease incidence and disease index. Seeds treated with a 108 CFU ml−1 cell suspension had the highest disease suppression at 86.8%. Results of field trials show that seed bacterization with TA-1 could not only reduce maize stalk rot incidence but also increase maize height, stem diameter, and grain yield. The lipopeptide antibiotics were isolated from the culture supernatants of TA-1 and identified as surfactins and iturins. Consequently, B. methylotrophicus TA-1 is a potential biocontrol agent against maize stalk rot.
27
Reid, L., J. T. Arnason, C. Nozzolillo, and R. Hamilton. "Resistance of maize germ plasm to European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis, as related to geographical origin." Canadian Journal of Botany 68, no. 2 (February 1, 1990): 311–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b90-042.
Full textAbstract:
Maize germ plasm of defined geographical origins was assessed for resistance to the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis. There were two major germ plasm groups: a latitudinal series of 37 lines and a set of the indigenous races of Mexico of differing altitudinal adaptations. The parameters of resistance were the following: seedling 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-(2H)-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (DIMBOA) content; extent of leaf feeding by larvae, both in the laboratory and in the field; extent of stalk tunneling by larvae in the field; and extent of infection by stalk rot, Gibberella zeae, and corn smut, Ustilago maydis. In the latitudinal inbreds, latitude of origin was inversely correlated with DIMBOA content, and with resistance to borer tunneling and stalk rot infection. For the indigenous races of Mexico, altitude of origin was inversely correlated with DIMBOA content and resistance to both leaf-feeding and stalk-tunneling larvae.
28
Tamburic-Ilincic, L., and A. W. Schaafsma. "The prevalence of Fusarium spp. colonizing seed corn stalks in southwestern Ontario, Canada." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 89, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps08083.
Full textAbstract:
Gibberella zeae, Fusarium verticillioides and F. subglutinans are the most important causes of Fusarium stalk rot in corn (Zea mays L.). Gibberella zeae also causes fusarium head blight in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and gibberella ear rot in corn. The objectives of this study were to investigate prevalence of Fusarium species in the stalks of seed corn over time and to investigate the influence of sampling time and internode position on Fusarium spp. and G. zeae, particularly. Fusarium subglutinans and G. zeae were the most frequently recovered species from asymptomatic host tissue and from pink discoloration on stalks, respectively. More G. zeae was isolated from the basal internode of stalks than from the higher ones closer to harvest time. Other species isolated from seed corn stalks over time included F. verticillioides, F. oxysporum, F. sporotrichioides and F. equiseti. A similar spectrum of Fusarium species was identified from corn ears and from winter wheat across southwestern Ontario. Key words: Zea mays L., Fusarium spp.
29
Reid, L. M., C. Voloaca, J. Wu, T. Woldemariam, K. Jindal, and X. Zhu. "CO452 corn inbred line." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 94, no. 8 (November 2014): 1523–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps-2014-205.
Full textAbstract:
Reid, L. M., Voloaca, C., Wu, J., Woldemariam, T., Jindal, K. and Zhu, X. 2014. CO452 corn inbred line. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1523–1527. CO452 is a short-season corn (Zea mays L.) stiff stalk inbred line with excellent combining ability as well as moderate resistance to common rust and intermediate resistance to gibberella ear rot, fusarium stalk rot and common smut. Excellent performance data were achieved when CO452 was combined with Lancaster inbreds such as LH162 and Iodent inbreds such as MBS8148.
30
Clark, R. L. "Stalk Rot Resistance and Strength of Maize Stalks from the Plant Introduction Collection." Plant Disease 69, no. 5 (1985): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-69-419.
Full text
31
Reid, L. M., X. Zhu, J. Wu, C. Voloaca, T. Woldemariam, and K. K. Jindal. "CO466 corn inbred line." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 99, no. 3 (June 1, 2019): 407–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2018-0290.
Full textAbstract:
CO466 is a short-season corn (Zea mays L.) inbred line with excellent combining ability with both Iodent and stiff stalk inbred testers, and the early maturing AAFC line CL30. CO466 has moderate resistance to eyespot, Goss’s bacterial wilt, grey leaf spot, common rust, and fusarium stalk rot.
32
Funnell-Harris, Deanna L., Patrick M. O’Neill, Scott E. Sattler, and Melinda K. Yerka. "Response of Sweet Sorghum Lines to Stalk Pathogens Fusarium thapsinum and Macrophomina phaseolina." Plant Disease 100, no. 5 (May 2016): 896–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-09-15-1050-re.
Full textAbstract:
Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) has potential for bioenergy. It is adapted to a variety of U.S. locations and the extracted juice can be directly fermented into ethanol. However, little research on fungal stalk rots, diseases that pose serious constraints for yield and quality of juice and biomass, has been reported. A greenhouse bioassay was designed to assess charcoal rot (Macrophomina phaseolina) and Fusarium stalk rot (Fusarium thapsinum) in plants at maturity, the developmental stage at which these diseases are manifested. Multiple plantings of a susceptible grain line, RTx430, were used as a control for variation in flowering times among sweet sorghum lines. Lesion length measurements in inoculated peduncles were used to quantify disease severity. Sweet sorghum lines ‘Rio’ and ‘M81E’ exhibited resistance to F. thapsinum and M. phaseolina, respectively; and, in contrast, ‘Colman’ sorghum exhibited susceptibility to both pathogens. Lesion development over time in Colman was monitored. These results will enhance molecular and biochemical analyses of responses to pathogens, and breeding stalk-rot-resistant sweet sorghum lines.
33
Reid, Lana M., Xiaoyang Zhu, Constantin Voloaca, Jinhe Wu, Tsegaye Woldemariam, and Krishan Jindal. "CO455 corn inbred line." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 96, no. 3 (June 1, 2016): 387–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2015-0321.
Full textAbstract:
CO455 is a short season stiff stalk-type corn (Zea mays L.) inbred line with excellent combining ability as well as intermediate resistance to common smut, common rust, eyespot and fusarium stalk rot. Excellent hybrid yields and performance data were achieved when CO455 was combined with Iodent testers such as MBS8148.
34
Dooh, Jules P. N., Djile Bouba, Djongnang Gabriel, Tchoupou T. D. Brice, Yamagui Rita, Ntatsinda C. Durel, Heu Alain, and Ambang Zachee. "Brown Spot and Stalk Rot Diseases of Maize (Zea Mays) and Susceptibility of Two Varieties to Physoderma Maydis in Far North Cameroon." International Journal of Phytopathology 10, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/phytopath.010.01.3505.
Full textAbstract:
Corn (Zea mays L.) is one of the most widely grown cereals in the world. However, in Cameroon, particularly in the Far North Region, yields remain low because of diseases increasing due to farming practices and climate change. This work aimed to characterize Brown Spot and Stalk Rot of corn and evaluate the susceptibility of two maize varieties to Physoderma maydis in field conditions. Two maize varieties, CMS9015, and CMS8704 were evaluated in a randomized block design. Disease symptoms were observed and described using identification keys. Microscopic characteristics of pathogens were performed using a microscope. Incidence, severity, and areas under disease curve progress (AUIPC and AUSiPC) were calculated. Brown spot occurred 3 or 4 weeks after sowing (WAS) at the growing stage in CMS8704 variety first, and stalk rot 7 WAS. Brown spot appeared in leaves and is characterized by oval yellowish spots in the leaf blade and brownish spots in the midrid. Stalk rot infects stem nodes and is characterized by brownish spots, leading to the broken stem. The incidence of brown spot increased with time and environmental conditions (rainfall). The highest incidence of Physoderma Brown Spot was recorded with CMS8704 variety 53.06 % against 51.72 % with CMS9015. Severity was respectively 54.40 % and 47.12 % with CMS8704 and CMS9015. The incidence and severity of stalk rot were almost identical in both varieties. AUIPC of PBS and PSR was higher in CMS9015 than in CMS 8704, 63 DAS. PBS and PSR infect maize production, and both varieties are susceptible to P. maydis.
35
Singh, Prachi, Yogendra Singh, Jyotika Purohit, and Anupam Maharshi. "A comparative evaluation of bioagents and chemicals for the control of stalk rot of Sorghum caused by Dickeya dadantii." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 10, no. 3 (September 2, 2018): 1053–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v10i3.1862.
Full textAbstract:
Stalk rot sorghum caused by Dickeya dadantii (syn. Erwinia chrysanthemi) is a devastating sorghum disease and is highly detrimental to sorghum cultivation in tarai region of India. The bacterium disrupts and disintegrates vascular bundles of sorghum stem manifesting slimy soft rot symptom. In vitro studies on bioagents and chemicals revealed that among bioagents assessed Pseudomonas fluorescens strain Psf-173 and Trichoderma harzianum strain Th-14 surpassed the other biological control agents whereas among chemicals, oxytetracycline and tetracycline were outstanding than other chemicals and their combination products used for the control of stalk rot of Sorghum caused by D. dadantii. Field trial with pre-plant soil application had maximum reduction in disease severity in treatment with antibiotic oxytetracycline (28.18%) whereas trial with pre-plant soil application with one (34.49%) and two foliar spray (37.03%) showed maximum reduction in disease severity in treatment with P. fluorescens strain Psf-173. All the three field trials involving pre-plant soil application, pre-plant soil application and one foliar spray and trial with pre-plant soil application and two foliar spray revealed that biological control agent P. fluorescens strain Psf-173 alleviates symptom of stalk rot of sorghum and stimulates seed germination and plant growth.
36
Keller, N. P. "Developmental Predisposition of Maize to Anthracnose Stalk Rot." Plant Disease 72, no. 11 (1988): 977. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-72-0977.
Full text
37
Ahmad, Yasmin, A. Hameed, and M. Aslam. "Effect of soil solarization on corn stalk rot." Plant and Soil 179, no. 1 (February 1996): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00011638.
Full text
38
Bandara, Y. M. A. Y., D. K. Weerasooriya, T. T. Tesso, and C. R. Little. "Stalk Rot Diseases Impact Sweet Sorghum Biofuel Traits." BioEnergy Research 10, no. 1 (July 13, 2016): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12155-016-9775-6.
Full text
39
Bandara, Y. M. A. Y., T. T. Tesso, K. Zhang, D. Wang, and C. R. Little. "Charcoal rot and Fusarium stalk rot diseases influence sweet sorghum sugar attributes." Industrial Crops and Products 112 (February 2018): 188–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.11.012.
Full text
40
Duan, Canxing, Fengjing Song, Suli Sun, Cheng Guo, Zhendong Zhu, and Xiaoming Wang. "Characterization and Molecular Mapping of Two Novel Genes Resistant to Pythium Stalk Rot in Maize." Phytopathology® 109, no. 5 (May 2019): 804–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-09-18-0329-r.
Full textAbstract:
Pythium stalk rot caused by Pythium inflatum is becoming a more and more serious disease in maize, and it has caused severe yield loss in China in recent years. Deployment of resistant maize varieties is the most effective way to control this disease. Searching for the resistant maize germplasm and identifying the resistance genes are the vital processes in the breeding program. The maize inbred line X178 previously showed high resistance to Pythium stalk rot. Thus, this study aimed to reveal the gene(s) resistance to Pythium stalk rot in X178 by resistance inheritance analysis using the derived F2 and F2:3 genetic populations. The results showed that two independently inherited dominant genes, designated RpiX178-1 and RpiX178-2, carried by X178 are responsible for its resistance relative to the susceptible parent Ye107; they are located on regions of maize chromosome (chr.) 1 bin 1.09 and chr. 4 bin 4.08, respectively, and flanked by markers umc2047 and bnlg1671 as well as bnlg1444 and umc1313, respectively, by linkage analysis. Subsequently, RpiX178-1 was finely mapped between markers SSRZ8 and IDP2347, with genetic distances of 0.6 and 1.1 cM, respectively, and the physical distance of the target region was about 700 kb. RpiX178-2 was also further located between markers bnlg1444 and umc2041, with a genetic distance of 2.4 cM. Moreover, we confirmed that the two genes RpiX178-1 and RpiX178-2 were newly identified and different from those genes known on chrs. 1 and 4 according to results of allelism testing. Herein, we newly identified two genes resistant to P. inflatum, which provided important genetic information for resistance to Pythium stalk rot in maize.
41
Albrecht, K. A., M. J. Martin, W. A. Russel, W. F. Wedin, and D. R. Buxton. "Chemical and in Vitro Digestible Dry Matter Composition of Maize Stalks after Selection for Stalk Strength and Stalk‐Rot Resistance 1." Crop Science 26, no. 5 (September 1986): 1051–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1986.0011183x002600050043x.
Full text
42
Hudon, M., G. Bourgeois, G. Boivin, and D. Chez. "Yield reductions in grain maize associated with the presence of European corn borer and Gibberella stalk rot in Québec." Phytoprotection 73, no. 3 (April 12, 2005): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/706026ar.
Full textAbstract:
The impact of European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) [Lepidoptera: Pyralidae] infestation and stalk rot infection caused by Gibberella zeae on yield of eight grain maize (Zea mays) inbreds, two commercial and six experimental hybrids was evaluated from 1975 to 1980. Three criteria were used: leaf feeding, total plant damage at harvest and tunnel length/plant height ratio. For most criteria, the cultivars were significantly different and the artificial European corn borer infestation had an effect almost every year. Although G. zeae can have a signifiant effect on plant damage at harvest and yield of grain maize, no consistent link was found between stalk rot and European corn borer.
43
Ardon, Orly, Zohar Kerem, and Yitzhak Hadar. "Enhancement of lignin degradation and laccase activity in Pleurotus ostreatus by cotton stalk extract." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 44, no. 7 (July 1, 1998): 676–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w98-054.
Full textAbstract:
The white rot fungus Pleurotus ostreatus was grown in a chemically defined solid state fermentation system amended with cotton stalk extract (CSE).Treated cultures exhibited increased laccase activity as well as enhanced lignin mineralization. Mineralization of [14C]lignin initialized 4 days earlier in CSE-supplemented cultures than in control cultures. Total mineralization in the first 16 days was 15% in the CSE-treated cultures, compared with only 7% in the controls. Cotton stalk extract also contained compounds that serve as substrates for laccase purified from P. ostreatus as shown by oxygen consumption, as well as changes in the UVvisible spectrum.Key words: cotton, Pleurotusostreatus, white rot, laccase, lignin biodegradation.
44
Szőke, C., T. Árendás, F. Rácz, J. Pintér, E. Nagy, and C. Marton. "Correlation between maize genotypes and the stalk rot caused by maize Fusarium." Acta Agronomica Hungarica 55, no. 4 (December 1, 2007): 447–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.55.2007.4.5.
Full textAbstract:
Six single-cross hybrids and their parental lines were inoculated with the FG36 Fusarium graminearum isolate in 2005 and 2006. In both years the degree of infection increased after artificial inoculation for both the hybrids and the inbred lines compared with the level of natural infection. The more severe stalk infection recorded in 2005 than in 2006 could be attributed to the weather conditions during flowering and harvesting.The 18 genotypes examined exhibited different levels of resistance to fusarium stalk rot. It could be concluded from the results that the resistance level of the female parent was decisive in the inheritance of the response to fusarium stalk rot (female component-hybrid r = 0.88, male component-hybrid r = 0.39).Some genotypes may be severely affected in epidemic years, while exhibiting a lower rate of infection in years with lower pathogen pressure. This suggests that successful breeding for resistance can only be carried out efficiently by means of artificial inoculation.
45
Gai, Xiaotong, Huaiyu Dong, Suna Wang, Bo Liu, Zhaoran Zhang, Xiaoyang Li, and Zenggui Gao. "Infection cycle of maize stalk rot and ear rot caused by Fusarium verticillioides." PLOS ONE 13, no. 7 (July 31, 2018): e0201588. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0201588.
Full text
46
Nicoli, Alessandro, Laércio Zambolim, Rodrigo Veras da Costa, Lauro José Moreira Guimarães, Fabrício Eustáquio Lanza, Dagma Dionísia da Silva, and Luciano Viana Cota. "Identification of sources of resistance to anthracnose stalk rot in maize." Ciência Rural 46, no. 11 (August 15, 2016): 1885–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20151052.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT: Adoption of resistant cultivars is the primary measure used to control anthracnose stalk rot. The goal of this study was to identify maize-resistant genotypes to anthracnose stalk rot, which are similar to the hybrid 2B710. Experiments were performed at Embrapa Maize and Sorghum experimental fields in Brazil. The first experimental trial evaluated 234 maize lines as well as two commercials hybrids, BRS1010 (susceptible) and 2B710 (resistant). Artificial inoculations were performed with a strain at the blister (R2) phase, and evaluation of disease severity was performed after 30 days. The second experimental trial evaluated 48 maize lines and hybrids, inoculated with two Colletotrichum graminicola strains. In the first trial, eight resistance groups were formed, and the last lines were more resistant, as was the hybrid 2B710, with values between 11.50% and 23.0% of severity. In the second trial, there was an interaction between the two factors, lines and isolates, and the lines often showed the same reaction features as those obtained in the first trial. However, the disease severity was higher for most lines, even when using other isolates. These lines with effective levels of resistance could be used in future studies of inheritance, in programs to develop hybrids, and to identify molecular markers associated with resistance to anthracnose stalk rot in maize.
47
Miladinovic, Dragana, Ksenija Taski-Ajdukovic, Nevena Nagl, Branislav Kovacevic, Aleksandra Dimitrijevic, Ivana Imerovski, Jegor Miladinovic, Nenad Dusanic, and Igor Balalic. "Genetic diversity of wild sunflower (Helianthus sp.) accessions with different tolerance to mid-stalk white rot." Genetika 46, no. 2 (2014): 331–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr1402331m.
Full textAbstract:
Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to detect polymorphism among accessions of wild sunflower species H?lianthus maximiliani, Helianthus tuberosus, Helianthus mollis and Helianthus rigidus with different tolerance to mid-stalk white rot and selection of potential markers for different levels of tolerance to this disease. Estimates of genetic variation showed that genetic diversity was equally distributed between Helianthus species and within them. Cluster analysis corresponded to the phylogenetic relations within the genus Helianthus. The results obtained by principal coordinates analysis (PCoA), where the first two principal coordinates accounted for 83.7% of total variation, perfectly coincided with the results of cluster analysis. Contingency coefficient significance test showed that most of the used primers generated bands associated with some level of tolerance or susceptibility to mid- stalk white rot. Furthermore, contingency analysis showed that primer C12 generated bands associated with resistance (100%) to mid-stalk white rot both in H. mollis and in all accessions, while primer X18 generated bands significantly associated with high tolerance (75%) in H. rigidus, H. mollis as well as in all tested accessions. The C15-600 bp locus was found to be significantly associated with high tolerance (75%) in all accessions, and medium tolerance (50%) in H. mollis.
48
Toman, Jr.,, J. "Inheritance of Resistance to Anthracnose Stalk Rot of Corn." Phytopathology 83, no. 7 (1993): 981. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-83-981.
Full text
49
Muimba-Kankolongo, A., and G. C. Bergstrom. "Transitory wound predisposition of maize to anthracnose stalk rot." Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology 12, no. 1 (March 1990): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07060669009501035.
Full text
50
Reid, L. M., C. Voloaca, T. Woldemariam, J. Wu, and X. Zhu. "CO449 corn inbred line." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 93, no. 2 (March 2013): 331–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps2012-192.
Full textAbstract:
Reid, L. M., Voloaca, C., Woldemariam, T., Wu, J. and Zhu, X. 2013. CO449 corn inbred line. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 331–335. CO449 is a short-season corn (Zea mays L.) inbred line with excellent combining ability and superior resistance to gibberella ear rot as well as intermediate resistance to several other ear, stalk and leaf diseases. Excellent yields and performance data were achieved with stiff stalk inbreds such as MBS1236 and MBS1130.