Books: 'Stake evaluation model'

1

Heckman, James J. Evaluating the welfare state. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1998.

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2

Yi, Ch'an-hŭi. Han'gukhyŏng kyoyuk kaebal hyŏmnyŏk model kuch'uk yŏn'gu. Sŏul: Han'guk Kyoyuk Kaebarwŏn, 2008.

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3

Yi, Ch'an-hŭi. Han'gukhyŏng kyoyuk kaebal hyŏmnyŏk model kuch'uk yŏn'gu. Sŏul: Han'guk Kyoyuk Kaebarwŏn, 2008.

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4

Kongjŏng kukka: Taehan Min'guk ŭi saeroun kukka model = Fair state. Sŏul-si: Kaema Kowŏn, 2010.

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5

Vaittinen, Risto. Trade policies and integration: Evaluations with CGE -models. [Helsinki]: Helsinki School of Economics, 2004.

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6

Moore, Margaret. Struggling readers at key stage 2: An evaluation of contrasting modes of provision. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1993.

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7

Babeshko, Lyudmila, Mihail Bich, and Irina Orlova. Econometrics and econometric modeling. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1141216.

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The textbook covers a wide range of issues related to econometric modeling. Regression models are the core of econometric modeling, so the issues of their evaluation, testing of assumptions, adjustment and verification are given a significant place. Various aspects of multiple regression models are included: multicollinearity, dummy variables, and lag structure of variables. Methods of linearization and estimation of nonlinear models are considered. An apparatus for evaluating systems of simultaneous and apparently unrelated equations is presented. Attention is paid to time series models. Detailed solutions of the examples in Excel and the R software environment are included. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For undergraduate and graduate students studying in the field of "Economics", the curriculum of which includes the disciplines "Econometrics"," Econometric Modeling","Econometric research".

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8

Serra, Miquel Gómez i. Els serveis socials i la seva avaluació: Models d'avaluació aplicats als serveis i programes socials. Barcelona: Edicions Universitat de Barcelona, 2000.

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9

Serra, Miquel Gómez i. Els serveis socials i la seva avaluació: Models d'avaluació aplicats als serveis i programes socials. Barcelona: Edicions Universitat de Barcelona, 2000.

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10

Sullivan, William F. Worker profiling and reemployment services: Evaluation of state worker profiling models : final report, March 2007. Bethesda, Md: Coffey Communications, 2007.

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11

Nōrin Suisan Gijutsu Kaigi. Jimukyoku. Nōgyō seisaku hyōka oyobi nōsanbutsu shijō yosoku no tame no kokusaiteki keiryō keizai moderu ni kansuru kenkyū. Tōkyō: Nōrin Suisan Gijutsu Kaigi Jimukyoku, 2002.

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12

Babeshko, Lyudmila, and Irina Orlova. Econometrics and econometric modeling in Excel and R. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1079837.

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The textbook includes topics of modern econometrics, often used in economic research. Some aspects of multiple regression models related to the problem of multicollinearity and models with a discrete dependent variable are considered, including methods for their estimation, analysis, and application. A significant place is given to the analysis of models of one-dimensional and multidimensional time series. Modern ideas about the deterministic and stochastic nature of the trend are considered. Methods of statistical identification of the trend type are studied. Attention is paid to the evaluation, analysis, and practical implementation of Box — Jenkins stationary time series models, as well as multidimensional time series models: vector autoregressive models and vector error correction models. It includes basic econometric models for panel data that have been widely used in recent decades, as well as formal tests for selecting models based on their hierarchical structure. Each section provides examples of evaluating, analyzing, and testing models in the R software environment. Meets the requirements of the Federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. It is addressed to master's students studying in the Field of Economics, the curriculum of which includes the disciplines Econometrics (advanced course)", "Econometric modeling", "Econometric research", and graduate students."

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13

Zucchino, Lori. School lunch program participation in New York State. Ithaca, N.Y: Dept. of Agricultural Economics, Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, New York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1987.

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14

Grigor'ev, Anatoliy, and Evgeniy Isaev. Methods and algorithms of data processing. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1032305.

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The tutorial deals with selected methods and algorithms of data processing, the sequence of solving problems of processing and analysis of data to create models behavior of the object taking into account all the components of its mathematical model. Describes the types of technological methods for the use of software and hardware for solving problems in this area. The algorithms of distributions, regressions vremenny series, transform them with the aim of obtaining mathematical models and prediction of the behavior information and economic systems (objects). The second edition is supplemented by materials that are in demand by researchers in the part of the correct use of clustering algorithms. Are elements of the classification algorithms to identify their capabilities, strengths and weaknesses. Are the procedures of justification and verify the adequacy of the results of the cluster analysis, conducted a comparison and evaluation of different clustering techniques, given information about visualization of multidimensional data and examples of practical application of clustering algorithms. Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation. For students of economic specialties, specialists, and graduate students.

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15

Kochinov, Yuriy, and Tat'yana Kochinova. Transport support trading activities. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1014786.

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The tutorial discusses the current state of the transport system of Russia, types and marking of goods, terms of delivery of goods characteristics of modes of transport; describes the types of cargo and performance evaluation of transport; the data for the practical solution of situational tasks and test questions for independent work and test knowledge. Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation. For undergraduate students enrolled in field of study "trading business" and other economic areas.

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16

Hanushek, Eric Alan. Do students care about school quality?: Determinants of dropout behavior in developing countries. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2006.

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17

Edara, Praveen. Estimation of traffic impacts at work zones: State of the practice. Charlottesville, Va: Virginia Transportation Research Council, 2006.

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18

Rosenbaum, Arlene S. Evaluation of modeling tools for assessing land use policies and strategies ; prepared for Transportation and Market Incentives Group, Office of Mobile Sources, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Michigan ; prepared by Arlene S. Rosenbaum, Brett E. Koenig. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air and Radiation, Office of Mobile Sources, 1997.

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19

LLC, Spy Pond Partners, KKO & Associates, National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board, Transit Cooperative Research Program, United States. Federal Transit Administration, and Transit Development Corporation, eds. State of good repair: Prioritizing the rehabilitation and replacement of existing capital assets and evaluating the implications for transit. Washington, D.C: Transportation Research Board, 2012.

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20

Pickett, Philip Iain. A collaborative approach to the development of good practice within an individual pupil referral unit: An evaluation of PRU provision for key stage 1 pupils and a suggested model for future provision. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1997.

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21

Monke, Eric A. The policy analysis matrix for agricultural development. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1989.

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22

María de la Gracia Mónica Mendoza Ángeles. Diagnóstico para proponer la implementación de una "carta compromiso al ciudadano" (citizen's charter): Adaptando los criterios del "Modelo Conceptual de la Calidad del Servicio", en la Dirección de Responsabilidades Administrativas de la Contraloría del Poder Legislativo del Estado de México. Toluca, México: Instituto de Administración Pública del Estado de México, 2009.

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23

Office, General Accounting. Transportation infrastructure: Urban transportation planning can better address modal trade-offs : report to congressional requesters. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1992.

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24

Physics of societal issues: Calculations on national security, environment, and energy. New York: Springer, 2003.

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25

Office, General Accounting. Social Security reform: Analysis of reform models developed by the President's Commission to Strengthen Social Security : report to Chairman, Senate Special Committee on Aging, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C: The Office, 2003.

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26

Office, General Accounting. Medicare: Impact of state mandatory assignment programs on beneficiaries : report to the chairman, Subcommittee on Housing and Consumer Interests, Select Committee on Aging, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1989.

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27

Brazier, John, Julie Ratcliffe, Joshua A. Salomon, and Aki Tsuchiya. Design and analysis of health state valuation data for model-based economic evaluations and for economic evaluations alongside clinical trials. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198725923.003.0009.

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This chapter focuses upon the needs of two approaches, economic evaluations based on decision analytic models, and those alongside clinical trials in terms of the collection and analysis of health state values. The first section of the chapter presents requirements that are likely to be common to any study in which health state values are collected from patients and/or members of the general population, including: who to ask, mode of administration, timing of assessments, sample size, and handling uncertainty. The second section of the chapter considers issues specific to trial-based economic evaluations, and the final section considers issues specific to the design and analysis of health state valuation data for economic models.

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28

Boland, Lawrence A. Equilibrium models intended to overcome limits. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190274320.003.0011.

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This chapter will critically examine today’s common ways to build equilibrium models. These specifically include Dynamic-Stochastic General Equilibrium models, game theoretical models and empirical GE models. Each of these types of equilibrium model try to address the issues of how a model’s decision makers get the information needed to guarantee the attainment of a state of equilibrium. The chapter addresses the alleged limits of general equilibrium models (particularly the issues of dynamics, time and expectations), the current attempts to overcome the limits of general equilibrium models, and three empirical alternatives to Walrasian general equilibrium models. These alternatives include the Computable General Equilibrium models and the Applied General Equilibrium models. The third model involves building econometric models only after evaluating the statistical properties of the data before using them in the model.

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29

Maza, Mauricio, Karla Alfaro, Julia C. Gage, and Miriam Cremer. Adopting the PREVENTABLE Model. Edited by David A. Chambers, Wynne E. Norton, and Cynthia A. Vinson. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190647421.003.0030.

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The Cervical Cancer Prevention in El Salvador (CAPE) program completed a series of human papillomavirus (HPV)-based screening demonstration projects that resulted in modification of screening guidelines and set the stage for national implementation of HPV primary screening. This chapter outlines the elements that contributed to the success of CAPE within a process of change model called PREVENTABLE. The model rests on two pillars, political will and evidence, which feed and complement one another. Recognizing political windows of opportunity and obtaining government commitment are crucial to support innovative programs and effect significant transformations. Simultaneously, convincing evidence motivates and channels political will. Thus, primary drivers of the model are research and evaluation of outcomes that reinforce the main pillars; secondary drivers are context dependent, including education, advocacy, negotiation, the legal framework, and budgetary constraints. The experiences from CAPE and PREVENTABLE provide possible blueprints to renovate existing paradigms of cancer control programs.

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30

Alshenaiber, Sami. Failure prediction models: An evaluation of the current state of the art. 1992.

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31

Terry, Bergeson, and Block Audrey, eds. Washington State readiness to learn: School-linked models for intergrated family services : evaluation report. Olympia, WA (P.O. Box 47200, Olympia 98504-7200): State Supt. of Public Instruction, 1998.

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32

Educational Resources Information Center (U.S.), ed. Making appropriate & ethical choices in large-scale assessments: A model policy code. Oak Brook, IL: North Central Regional Educational Laboratory, 1994.

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33

Owen, Alyce L. Evaluating the efficiency of the Washington State Ferry routes using data envelopment analysis. 1999.

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34

Washington State readiness to learn: School-linked models for integrated family services : evaluation report 1997-98. Olympia, WA (P.O. Box 47200, Olympia 98504-7200): State Supt. of Public Instruction, 1999.

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35

Curry, James. A study to evaluate the effects of using the creative problem solving process in conjunction with the training model of the National/State Leadership Training Institute on the Gifted and the Talented. 1985.

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36

American Association of State Colleges and Universities., ed. Showcase for excellence: Developing models to enhance the teaching profession, 1985. Washington, DC (One Dupont Circle/Suite 700, Washington 20036-1192): American Association of State Colleges and Universities, 1985.

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37

Winston, Jonathan, Etti Zeldis, John A. Grimaldi, and Esteban Martínez. HIV-Associated Nephropathy, End-Stage Renal Disease, Dialysis, and Kidney Transplant. Edited by Mary Ann Cohen, Jack M. Gorman, Jeffrey M. Jacobson, Paul Volberding, and Scott Letendre. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199392742.003.0044.

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Antiretroviral therapy has changed the phenotype of HIV-related kidney disease to a more chronic disease model. In addition to HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN), patients with HIV may experience kidney dysfunction related to other chronic illnesses, such as diabetes, hypertension, and hepatitis C. Patients with HIV should be monitored for the development of chronic kidney disease and the potential nephrotoxicity of antiretroviral therapy. For patients with HIV who progress to end-stage renal disease, the outcomes on dialysis and management of the dialysis procedure are similar to the outcomes of patients without HIV. Renal transplantation is a promising treatment option for HIV patients with end-stage renal disease, despite certain barriers inherent in the transplant evaluation process. Concomitant HIV and end-stage renal disease, with the stress of dialysis, can exacerbate psychiatric illness.

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38

Henriksen, Niels Engholm, and Flemming Yssing Hansen. Bimolecular Reactions, Dynamics of Collisions. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805014.003.0004.

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This chapter discusses the dynamics of bimolecular collisions within the framework of (quasi-)classical mechanics as well as quantum mechanics. The relation between the cross-section and the reaction probability, which can be calculated theoretically from a (quasi-)classical or quantum mechanical description of the collision, is described in terms of classical trajectories and wave packets, respectively. As an introduction to reactive scattering, classical two-body scattering is described and used to formulate simple models for chemical reactions, based on reasonable assumptions for the reaction probability. Three-body (and many-body) quasi-classical scattering is formulated and the numerical evaluation of the reaction probability is described. The relation between scattering angles and differential cross-sections in various frames is emphasized. The chapter concludes with a brief description of non-adiabatic dynamics, that is, situations beyond the Born–Oppenheimer approximation where more than one electronic state is in play. A discussion of the so-called Landau–Zener model is included.

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39

Brazier, John, Julie Ratcliffe, Joshua Saloman, and Aki Tsuchiya. Measuring and Valuing Health Benefits for Economic Evaluation. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198725923.001.0001.

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This is the second edition of the first comprehensive textbook about the measurement and valuation of health benefits for economic evaluation. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) and similar agencies around the word require cost-effectiveness evidence in the form of incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) in order to make comparisons across competing demands on resources, and this has resulted in an explosion of theoretical and empirical work in the field. This book addresses the theoretical and practical considerations in the measurement and valuation of health benefit with empirical examples and applications to help clarify understanding and make relevant links to the real world. It includes a glossary of key terms and provides guidance on the use of different methods and instruments. This updated edition provides an-up-to date review of the theoretical basis of the QALY; the definition of health; the techniques of valuation (including ordinal); the modelling of health state values (including mapping between measures); a detailed review of generic preference-based measures and other instruments for obtaining health state utility values (with recent developments); cross-cultural issues (including the disability-adjusted life year); the aggregation of QALYs; and the practical issues surrounding the use of utility values in cost-effectiveness models. The book concludes with a discussion on the way forward in light of the substantial methodological differences, the role of normative judgements, and where further research is most likely to take forward this fascinating component of health economics.

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40

Yesil, Bilge. Conclusion. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040177.003.0008.

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This chapter draws together arguments presented in the previous chapters to offer a critical evaluation of the relationship between media and democracy under the AKP rule. It discusses the rise and the fall of the Turkish model and the Arab spring; the myth of the Turkish model; the politicization of state institutions; the curbing of individual liberties and the remoralization of society; the continuation of the national security paradigm; the perpetuation of an antidemocratic media system; and the lack of journalistic solidarity. It concludes that whatever change the AKP has accomplished in politics, media, and the economy has not been geared toward progressive ideals to promote equality, diversity, and pluralism but has simply served to maintain the country's longstanding authoritarian neoliberal order.

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41

Czart, Ciecierski Christina, and National Bureau of Economic Research., eds. Do state expenditures on tobacco control programs decrease use of tobacco products among college students? Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2006.

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42

Judge, Abigail M., and Robin M. Deutsch, eds. Overcoming Parent-Child Contact Problems. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780190235208.001.0001.

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This book focuses on family-based interventions for the continuum of parent–child problems, including affinity, alignment, justified rejection, alienation, and hybrid cases. Reintegration therapy is often recommended for families with these dynamics, but relatively limited clinical writing and virtually no program evaluation data exist to inform the selection of interventions. This book helps fill this gap. In Part I, the authors review a range of topics related to this specialized area of practice: assessment and clinical decision-making, the state of research evidence for outpatient treatment, and special clinical topics such as the management of countertransference among professional teams and the use of experiential therapies to overcome treatment resistance. Part II highlights one whole-family, psychoeducational approach to parent–child contact problems known as the Overcoming Barriers approach. Founders of this program and affiliated clinicians explicate components of this model in chapters on its therapeutic milieu; psychoeducational groups for rejected parents, favored parents, and children; and coparenting and parent–child interventions. The translation of model components to outpatient practice is also discussed, and program evaluation data are presented. Authors emphasize the evolving nature of this one approach, including areas of overlap with other family interventions, and highlight lessons learned from this innovative program.

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43

E, Koenig Brett, and United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Transportation and Market Incentives Group, eds. Evaluation of modeling tools for assessing land use policies and strategies: Prepared for Transportation and Market Incentives Group, Office of Mobile Sources, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Michigan. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air and Radiation, Office of Mobile Sources, 1997.

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44

Price, Marilyn, and Donald J. Meyer. The Aging Physician and Other Professionals. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199374656.003.0037.

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Capacity to practice ones’ profession safely and effectively may become an issue as physicians or other professionals age. While this chapter will focus primarily on the psychiatric assessment of the aging physician, impairment due to illness in persons employed in other healthcare positions, the military, aviation, the judicial system, and law enforcement present similar public safety concerns. The assessment of a physician is used as a model for the evaluation of these other professionals. The role of the state physician’s health committees and physician competency committees in arranging for assessment, support, and monitoring of the impaired aging physician is discussed. Also discussed are mandatory screening and reporting regarding fitness for duty.

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45

Cognitive Rehabilitation Therapy for Traumatic Brain Injury : Model Study Protocols and Frameworks to Advance the State of the Science: Workshop Summary. National Academies Press, 2013.

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46

Haddad, Youssef A. Attitude Datives in Social Context – The Analytic Tools. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474434072.003.0002.

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This chapter defines attitude datives as evaluative and relational pragmatic markers that allow the speaker to present material from a specific perspective and to invite the hearer to view the material from the same perspective. It identifies three types of context that are pertinent to the analysis of these datives. These are the sociocultural context (e.g., values, beliefs), the situational context (i.e., identities, activity types), and the co-textual context (e.g., contextualization cues). The chapter draws on Cognitive Grammar and Theory of Stance and puts forth a sociocognitive model called the stancetaking stage model. In this model, when a speaker uses an attitude dative construction, she directs her hearer’s attention to the main content of her message and instructs him to view this content through the attitude dative as a filter. In this sense, the attitude dative functions as a perspectivizer and the main content becomes a perspectivized thought.

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47

Uma análise da percepção docente, gestora e familiar sobre a qualidade da educação básica em escolas públicas em defesa do modelo cívico-militar. Editora Acadêmica Periodicojs, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51249/hp07.2021.33.

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The objective of this study was to analyze the perception of teachers, managers and family members of the municipal and state education system in a city in the Metropolitan Region of Recife / PE regarding the quality of basic education, difficulties faced, student performance and the process of implementing the civic-military model in the the public school. 64 subjects participated in the study, which were subdivided into 13 managers, 30 teachers working in elementary and high school and 21 parents / guardians of a municipal school and a state school. The instruments used for data collection were 3 (three) electronic questionnaires developed in Google forms, containing objective and subjective questions, directed to managers, teachers and parents / guardians. Quantitative data were treated statistically by the PRISMA for Windows program - Version 4.03 and analyzed by the Chi-square test, with p <0.05, expressed in percentages, and the data referring to the qualitative evaluation were treated through analysis of content, with data represented qualitatively and expressed in a table. It was found in this study, from the perception of teachers, managers and parents about basic education, that the main problems faced are associated with the low interest of students in studies (69.2%; 76.7%, p= 0.032) and lack of adequate structure (50%, p= 0.038). Regarding the contribution of the civic-military model, the study pointed out the improvement of students' behavior in the family, school and social environment (71.4% p= 0.053), improving the quality of basic education with an emphasis on access, permanence and in learning (66.7% p= 0.036), makes the teacher feel valued (61.9% p= 0.042), contributes to preventing violence in the school environment and improving school performance (66.7% p= 0.024), contributes to the promotion of society's moral, civic and patriotic values (81.0 p= 0.031), and based on the current model (55%; 54.2% p= 0.005) of teachers and parents feel dissatisfied. We conclude that the civic-military model can contribute to reducing evasion, valuing the teacher, improving student behavior, improving the quality of basic education with an emphasis on access, permanence and learning and contributing to the promotion of society’s family, civic and patriotic end moral values.

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48

Jenkins, Rob, and James Manor. Politics and the Right to Work. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190608309.001.0001.

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India's National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA), passed in 2005, has been among the developing world's most ambitious anti-poverty initiatives. By “guaranteeing” 100 days of work annually to every rural household, NREGA sought to advance the Indian constitution's commitment to securing citizens’ “right to work”. This book is not a technical evaluation of program performance. It offers instead a detailed analysis of the politics surrounding NREGA: the model of political action that motivated its architects, the public advocacy and parliamentary maneuvering involved in its passage, the political dynamics shaping implementation at state and local levels, the institutional constraints on reforming how it operates, and its complex impacts on public policy debates about governance and development as well as on the political capacities of poor people. Based on their extensive – primarily qualitative – field research, the authors examine changing conceptions of rights and the challenges of making states more accountable to their most disadvantaged citizens. Their analysis of the politics of NREGA provides a window onto the inner workings of Indian democracy and the complex character of the Indian state as it attempts to upgrade its social welfare provision to something more in keeping with the enhanced economic stature the country over the past few decades.

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49

Holtmann, Martin, Björn Albrecht, and Daniel Brandeis. Neurofeedback. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198739258.003.0039.

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Neurofeedback of specific brain activity patterns allows perceiving and learning to gain control over these otherwise unaware neuronal processes. Neurofeedback may improve underlying neuronal deficits, and/or establish more general self-regulatory skills for compensating behavioural difficulties in other domains. Treating ADHD is the most common clinical neurofeedback application. Standard neurofeedback protocols based on electroencephalography train self-regulation of oscillatory activity in certain frequency bands (targeting theta/beta ratio) or slow cortical potential shifts. Both protocols have demonstrated promising outcomes, particularly in improving inattention symptoms, although controlled effects remain heterogeneous and often attenuated in blinded ratings. Further randomized controlled and (as far as possible) blinded evaluation studies are needed for better understanding of the mode of action and to establish robust standard training protocols for routine care. In the current state of evidence, neurofeedback can be recommended as part of a multimodal treatment of ADHD.

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50

Zachar, Peter, and Robert F. Krueger. Personality Disorder and Validity. Edited by K. W. M. Fulford, Martin Davies, Richard G. T. Gipps, George Graham, John Z. Sadler, Giovanni Stanghellini, and Tim Thornton. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199579563.013.0052.

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This chapter describes the introduction of the concept of personality in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century as a secularization and medicalization of the notion of character. This secularization served as the key prelude to the initiation of the scientific study of personality traits. It also examines the origins of the concept of personality disorder in psychiatry's rejection of the disease-based concept of the degenerate, morbid personality. After setting the historical stage, the chapter explores three validity-related issues. The first is a question about what role values should play in the conceptualization of personality disorders. It is argued that that recent empirical research has shown that the evaluative issues that were historically associated with the concept of character have not been (and maybe cannot be) eliminated from the modern notion of personality. The second is a question about the nature of psychopathology in personality disorders. It is argued that, while developing an empirically based capacity-failure model is an important goal, currently multiple models are needed to justify the pathological nature of personality disorders. The third question is about the extent to which personality traits can be considered causal entities in the head that "carve nature at the joints." Characterizing the received view in contemporary trait theory as scientific realism, it is argued that in some cases, the arguments for realism about traits can be empirically refuted, or at least cast into doubt. The conclusion is that the relative merits of a more empiricist instrumental view and scientific realism have not been sorted out.

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Books on the topic 'Stake evaluation model'

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