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1
Wells, James E. "Interaction of stainless steel threaded fasteners with stainless steel locking inserts." Thesis, This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-01102009-063308/.
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Jaramillo, Fulvio E. "Axially loaded stainless steel compression members." Thesis, Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006, 2006. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-07102006-144943/.
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Thesis (M. S.)--Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007.Leroy Z. Emkin, Committee Member ; Lawrence F. Kahn, Committee Member ; Abdul-Hamid Zureick, Committee Chair.
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Rybiak, Radoslaw. "Fretting wear of the stainless steel / stainless steel contact under elevated temperature conditions." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2008. https://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/rrybiak.pdf.
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L’usure par fretting qui est considérée comme une nuisance dans plusieurs branches de l’industrie telles que l’aéronautique, l’industrie nucléaire, etc. , consiste en la dégradation de la surface en contact résultant de l’usure qui nécessite une rémise en état ou un remplacement des éléments des machines. Elle est définie comme l’usure qui a lieu pendant un mouvement oscillatoire de faible amplitude entre deux solides apparement immobiles sous une charge normale à la surface de contact. Un tel phénomène est observé surtout dans les assemblages soumis à des vibrations. Dans le cadre de la Thèse, on a étudié le couple tribologique acier Jethete M152 contre acier A-286 à des temperératures élevées afin de créer des conditions identiques à celles qui existent dans un système d’aube de redresseur à calage variable (RCV) d’un compresseur à haute pression d’un moteur double corps-double flux GE90-115B (Fig. 1). En faisant l’analyse des conditions de travail dans un système RCV on peut considérer le processus d’usure d’une douille (eng. Bushing) stationnaire en contact avec un pivot d’aube (vane trunnion) de redresseur. Le mécanisme d’usure correspond à un processus de fretting torsion. Cependant, dans la thèse, on a étudié un fretting type de glissements alternés entre la douille et le pivot sous une sollicitation normale équivalente à une force d’interaction induite par un flux d’air. En effet, nos moyens expérimentaux actuels ne nous permettent pas d’étudier les phénoménes d’usure par torsion. Le mémoire est composé de quatre chapitres. Dans le premier chapitre on réalise une synthèse bibliographique du phénoméne fretting. La problèmatique industrielles est détaillée. Dans le 2ème chapitre sont présentés les matériaux utilisés, les moyens experimentaux utilisés ainsi que le formalisme mécanique et ainsi que la méthode de calcul du volume d’usure. Dans le 3ème chapitre l’auteur mène une discussion sur les résultats de fretting sous des sollicitations invariables avec une prise en considération de l’effet de la température sur le comportement tribologique du système étudié. Une analyse approfondie de l’évolution de l’interface en fonction de la température y est présentée. Dans le 4ème chapitre l’usure par fretting est étudiée pour des sollicitations variables équivalentes à celles qui agissent dans le système RCV. On discute de la dynamique d’évolution du troisième corps sous une température variable pendant un seul essai de fretting. Une carte de fretting-usure de l’activation de la couche ‘glaze’ en fonction de la température, de l’amplitude de déplacement et de pression est présentée. En utilisant la propriété d’additivité de l’énergie dissipée, une loi ‘composite’ de l’usure est introduite.
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Goodwin, S. J. "A comparative study of fracture in stainless steel weld metal and wrought stainless steel." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234832.
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Shendye, Sanjay B. "Effect of long term elevated temperature exposure on the mechanical properties and weldability of cast duplex stainless steels /." Full text open access at:, 1985. http://content.ohsu.edu/u?/etd,115.
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Wang, D. "Creep of 316 stainless steel." Thesis, Swansea University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.639338.
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Constant stress creep tests were carried out for 316 stainless steel at 550, 600, 650 and 700oC over the stress range of 125 - 500 MPa. Entire creep curves were recorded by computer and creep curve shapes analysed. Within the stress and temperature range of the test matrix, creep curve shapes vary from tertiary dominant at low stress and temperature, to primary dominant at high temperature and mixed type at intermediate temperatures. Traditional parametric methods such as Larson-Miller, Orr-Dorn-Sherby and Manson-Succop methods were applied for the analysis of creep rupture life. The extrapolative capabilities of these parameters are limited because of the uncertainties involved in the estimation of constants, and the variation of these parameters with stress does not show a smooth 'master curve'. In order to model the entire creep curve rather than just a few creep properties, three different constitutive equations, i.e. equations from Continuum Damage Mechanics (CDM), equations proposed by researchers in National Physical Laboratory in development of Crispen mode, and the θ projection concept, were applied for the analysis of experimental data. Predictions by each approach were also compared with independent data from National Engineering Laboratory. Computer programmes were written for the estimation of constants involved in the CDM equations. No systematic trend was found in the variation of these constants with temperature. Therefore extrapolation of creep data by CDM approach can only be carried out on an isothermal basis. For the implementation of Crispen model, a new procedure for the estimation of equation constants was proposed. Using this procedure, the constants obtained were shown to vary systematically with stress and temperature, in a manner similar to the variation of the θ parameters with test conditions. The θ projection concept can accurately describe creep curve shapes and their variation with stress and temperature. Predictions of any creep properties can thus be made from short term test data to long duration.
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Jackson, Paul. "Reactive sintering of stainless steel." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395493.
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Bui, Quoc Cuong 1974. "Containerless processing of stainless steel." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9578.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 1998.Vita.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 74-75).
The rapid solidification of a Fe-12 wt% Cr-16 wt% Ni alloy in containerless processing conditions was investigated using an electromagnetic levitation facility. High-speed video and pyrometry allowed the study of phase selection and secondary nucleation mechanisms for that alloy as well as measurements of delay times and growth velocities. Double recalescence events were observed for the first time at temperatures near the To temperature of the metastable ferritic phase, defining a value of the critical undercooling for metastable bee nucleation significantly lower than previously reported. Phase selection during recalescence was successfully performed by use of different trigger materials: at temperatures below the bee To , a bee Fe trigger induced the primary nucleation of the metastable bee phase which subsequently transformed into the stable fee phase while an fee Ni trigger caused the nucleation of the equilibrium fee phase. Growth velocities were characterized for the 6 phase growing into the undercooled liquid, the [delta] phase growing into the undercooled liquid and the [gamma] phase growing into the semi-solid primary bee. It was found that a critical undercooling exists at which the growth velocity of the primary ferritic phase is equal to that of the secondary austenitic phase into the primary semi-solid. At undercoolings below this critical value, the equilibrium, can overwhelm the primary a and break into the undercooled liquid. Such a double recalescence event can therefore appear as a single event depending on the geometry of the detection equipment. From this observation, a model based on velocity and delay time arguments was proposed to explain discrepancies with earlier works.
by Quoc Cuong Bui.
S.M.
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Barlow, Lilian D. "The effect of austenitising and tempering parameters on the microstructure and hardness of martensitic stainless steel AISI 420." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11262009-182934/.
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Mörtberg, Johanna. "Mixed Acid Pickling of Austenitic Stainless Steel - High acid concentration in standard stainless steel processing : Effect of temperature on pickling efficiency of austenitic stainless steel." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Industriell miljö- och processteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-70050.
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Hong, Hyun-Soo. "A metallurgical study of the oxidational theory of mild wear in stainless steel and surface modified stainless steel." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19597.
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Craig, Charles Horace. "Enhanced radiopacity austenitic stainless steel foil." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2007. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/2059.
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Austenitic stainless steel designed for implant applications is used to fabricate balloon expandable coronary stents. The alloy was not designed for this purpose but has been found to work well except for relatively low radiopacity in the energy range used for stent deployment, typically 80kV to 100kV. Stents made of more dense elements such as tantalum exhibit high radiopacity in this energy range. Low radiopacity is due to a combination of tubular stents having a thin wall (strut) thickness (less than 0.13mm) and the alloy being comprised of low-density elements, approximately 2/3 iron and 1/3 chromium and nickel. To retain the desired thickness and increase radiopacity, alloy density may be increased by partial substitution with dense element(s). The new alloy must maintain the biocompatibility, corrosion resistance, non-ferromagnetic structure, strength, ductility, and fatigue- and fracture-resistant characteristics that made the original alloy attractive to stent designers. Coronary stents are subject to intensive review by regulatory authorities prior to being approved for human use, thus stent designers are hesitant to depart from accepted standards in selecting new alloys. Revising an existing alloy is the preferred approach to achieve subtle feature changes. A set of criteria was set that maintained chromium, nickel, and molybdenum within prescribed compositional ranges and diminished iron to its minimum level, allowing platinum to be substituted for approximately 1/3 the total elemental weight (wt%). Above 20wt% platinum, undesirable precipitates were found. An alloy containing 20wt% platinum, in the form of foil and at a thickness of 0.127mm, was found to be free of precipitates not found in the base or original alloy and to provide approximately 20% radiopacity increase at 80kV and 15% radiopacity increase at 100kV, exceeding minimum programme goals at 80kV and equaling those at 100kV.
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Craig, C. H. "Enhanced radiopacity austenitic stainless steel foil." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/2059.
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Austenitic stainless steel designed for implant applications is used to fabricate balloon expandable coronary stents. The alloy was not designed for this purpose but has been found to work well except for relatively low radiopacity in the energy range used for stent deployment, typically 80kV to 100kV. Stents made of more dense elements such as tantalum exhibit high radiopacity in this energy range. Low radiopacity is due to a combination of tubular stents having a thin wall (strut) thickness (less than 0.13mm) and the alloy being comprised of low-density elements, approximately 2/3 iron and 1/3 chromium and nickel. To retain the desired thickness and increase radiopacity, alloy density may be increased by partial substitution with dense element(s). The new alloy must maintain the biocompatibility, corrosion resistance, non-ferromagnetic structure, strength, ductility, and fatigue- and fracture-resistant characteristics that made the original alloy attractive to stent designers. Coronary stents are subject to intensive review by regulatory authorities prior to being approved for human use, thus stent designers are hesitant to depart from accepted standards in selecting new alloys. Revising an existing alloy is the preferred approach to achieve subtle feature changes. A set of criteria was set that maintained chromium, nickel, and molybdenum within prescribed compositional ranges and diminished iron to its minimum level, allowing platinum to be substituted for approximately 1/3 the total elemental weight (wt%). Above 20wt% platinum, undesirable precipitates were found. An alloy containing 20wt% platinum, in the form of foil and at a thickness of 0.127mm, was found to be free of precipitates not found in the base or original alloy and to provide approximately 20% radiopacity increase at 80kV and 15% radiopacity increase at 100kV, exceeding minimum programme goals at 80kV and equaling those at 100kV.Boston Scientific Corporation/SCIMED (Sponsor) has granted Cranfield University permission to publish this Thesis.
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Hansson, Sofia. "Simulation of stainless steel tube extrusion." Licentiate thesis, Luleå : Luleå University of Technology, 2006. http://epubl.ltu.se/1402-1757/2006/13/index.html.
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Danks, J. "Cyclic creep of T316 stainless steel." Thesis, Coventry University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328644.
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Airey, Paul. "Assessing hygienic performance of stainless steel." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.486852.
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Viable bacteria on hard, open surfaces are usually present alongside some organic (or inorganic) material, typically at the solid-air interface. Even if not multiplying, the presence ofthese viable cells presents a risk to overall hygiene levels. Stainless steel is typically the material ofchoice as a hygienic surface, being hard, inert and easy to clean. Properties ofc1eanability in addition to ease of disinfection are key in the evaluation of hygienic surfaces. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hygienic status and cIeanability ofstainless steel surfaces under test conditions which more closely resemble the environment under investigation, by monitoring survival at the solid-air (rather than solid-liquid) interface, in the presence oforganic material. A range ofmethods were developed: - A synthetic fingerprint emulsion was developed by combining and modifYing published standard sweat and sebum formulations. The formulation allowed survival of large, but decreasing suspended populations ofStaphylococcus aureus and Esche'richia coli, for up to 48h, but on surfaces, no viable cells were recovered - in contrast to observations using real fingerprints. Thus the published formulation, which had been developed for physical/chemical testing, was not appropriate for combination with microorganisms, although was used to evaluate sUrface c1eanability. Results showed the importance of combining p!J,ysical and chemical cleaning strategies. - A 'hard-to-remove' surface soil Cburnt on' milk) was more effectively removed from the smoother oftwo stainless steel surfaces tested (bright annealed), particularly when cleaning parallel to, rather than across, linear surface features. - The requirement for moisture to release active agents from proposed antibacterial surfaces was demonstrated for a silver-containing polymer-coated stainless steel, by monitoring microbial survival at the solid-air interface for up to 3 weeks. Key parameters affecting hygienic status and cleanability were combined to assess the hygienic performance of stainless steel and copper, the latter of which had showed strong antibacterial activity when exposed to cells in nutrient broth. The test included repeated soiling and cleaning cycles, daily for 5 days, with a suspension ofSaureus in bovine serum albumen, inoculated onto three stainless steels of different surface finish, and copper. After the second and subsequent soiling, a layer of material readily stained with the fluorescent dye acridine orange, wasupparent on the copper surface, and any antibacterial effects were absent. Stainless steel, however, remained highly cleanable. A range of methods have been developed which enable the screening of proposed hygienic and/or antibacterial surfaces, combined with a variety ofcleaning and disinfection protocols, under challenging environinental conditions. All commercially available stainless steel finishes tested were comparable in terms of hygienic status (removal ofmicroorganisms), but even a small increase in surface topography (Ra = 20 to 100 nm) resulted in increased retention of organic soil. Thus cleanability remains a key step in ensuring maintenance of hygienic status, and an inert and highly cleanable surface provides the best option in this context.
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Vuong, J. C. T. "Natural corrosion inhibitors for stainless steel." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.539460.
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Buckley, J. R. "Hydrogen embrittlement of austenitic stainless steel." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315550.
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Butler, J. J. F. "Hydrogen embrittlement of austenitic stainless steel." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374127.
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Richards, P. "Thermomechanical processing of ferritic stainless steel." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/37832.
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Lamb, M. "Laser surface melting of stainless steel." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/37753.
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Mohammed, Ali Haval Bashar. "Atmospheric pitting corrosion of stainless steel." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7073/.
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Atmospheric pitting corrosion of austenitic stainless steels 304L and 316L under droplets of MgCl2 have been studied under conditions of relevance to long-term storage of nuclear waste containers using automated deposition of arrays of droplets. The effect of microstructure on the morphology of atmospheric corrosion pits in 304L stainless steel plate was investigated. The presence of retained delta ferrite was found to influence the morphology of pits. Ferrite bands were preferentially attacked, and pits were found to have layered attack morphology dependent on the rolling direction and plane of the metal surface. Solution annealing of stainless steel resulted in ferrite reduction and formation of faceted pits. Pits can grow with an initial shallow dish, which may propagate via ‘earring’ or small satellite pits. The size and morphology were seen to vary with exposure humidity, chloride deposition density and distance from the droplet edge. Pits propagated readily above chloride densities of ~10-4 µg/cm2, depending on alloy and exposure time. Below this value much smaller pits were observed due to a discontinuous solution layer. The formation of secondary spreading and micro-droplet formation was observed for MgCl2 droplets on stainless steel when pits form close to or at the droplet edge. Small pits developed beneath these micro-droplets at lower humidities. This work provides a basis to make recommendations for long-term storage conditions of intermediate nuclear waste (ILW) in order to minimise the risk of pitting corrosion.
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Hutchings, D. "Hydrogen embrittlement of duplex stainless steel." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.631722.
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Duplex stainless steels (DSS's) are frequently used in oil and gas production and are subsequently subjected to cathodic protection. There is now growing concern about the cathodic evolution of hydrogen produced from this protection system, which may diffuse into the alloy and cause an embrittled condition. DSS's have a microstructure that is a mixture of austenite and ferrite and combines the advantages of these grades, whilst minimising their deficiences. In this research, Zeron 100 DSS was studied in six conditions to investigate the effects of hydrogen embrittlement (HE) on the various strengths and microstructures. The six conditions wer~ as follows: as-received, cold worked, age-hardened (475°C embrittlement), high temperature heat treated, rod and powder. To simulate service environments, 3.5% wt NaCI solution at ambient temperature with an applied potential of -1.1 V (SCE) was used. The effect of pre-charging for up to 550 hours at 80°C was also investigated. Test methods included slow strain rate testing (SSRT), monitoring of transient crack propagation (TCP) using circumferentially notched tensile specimens using a DC potential drop method, acoustic emission CAE) and some conventional bolt loaded fracture mechanics specimens. Test results were correlated with the varying microstructures and environmental conditions and consisted of mechanical properties, threshold crack growth including transient effects and AE data. In this work transgranular cleavage cracks were obtained in the susceptible ferrite phase as a direct result of HE; the depth of these cracks implied a high hydrogen concentration throughout the specimen. The austenite failed by ductile tearing and acted as a physical barrier to the propagation of cleavage cracks. As a result of SSR testing the best material was found to be the powder material; the fine equally dispersed austenite phase caused a lowering of the effective K value. The worst material was the high temperature heat treated type because it contained more ferrite (11:1 72%). The age-hardened material was also susceptible because of the hard and brittle ex' phase. However, regardless of the environment the UTS remained virtua]]y unchanged for each individual material, indicating that most cracking occurred in the post-UTS stage of the test. With the TCP test a lowering of the fracture load was found when an HE environment was used; daldt vs Kq curves were produced, however the DC potential drop equipment could not accurately measure crack growth because of the bridging effect of the austenite phase. The most susceptible microstructures were again the age-hardened and heat treated types. The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) was also investigated by creating a fresh surface on the as-received DSS and studying the changes in the HER. This work showed that the effect of scratching is irreversible. Also the oxide film can not be totaHy reduced electrochemica]]y and only mechanical methods can remove the oxide films entirely. Fina]]y a means of detecting "475°C embrittlement" of DSS's was investigated using an electrochemical technique in 5M HCI. i-E curves were produced which showed the reactivation of the ferrite and austenite phases in the as-received material. By age-hardening at 475°C the two reactivation peaks merged.
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Wendel, Erik, and Axel Andersson. "Parameters affecting dephosphorization of stainless steel." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-171426.
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A literary study has been made to find parameters affecting dephosphorization of stainless steel. Ways to lower phosphorus content without major loss of chromium in order to decrease the production costs of Sandvik AB’s stainless steel. The study was conducted with respect to oxidizing dephosphorization and parameters affecting dephosphorization are carbon and chromium content, temperature and slag properties. It was revealed that higher carbon content and basicity is beneficial to the dephosphorization process. However, the choice of temperature, chromium content and flux were dependant on which way dephosphorization was approached. A method of refining chromium in slag using an electric arc furnace (EAF) was also discovered. This made it possible to extract 97% of all chromium in slag. The conclusions are that in order for Sandvik to successfully remove phosphorus, scrap metal with higher carbon content should be used, together with a basic CaO slag with constituents of e g Li2O3 and CaF2. A deslagging step can be added to the argon oxygen decarburizer (AOD) process in order to remove the phosphorus bound to the slag, before decarburization.
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Chimezie, Ugochi, and Gurram Akhila Srinivas. "Wetting properties of stainless steel surfaces." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-32598.
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Systematic pre cleaning, disinfection and sterilization of medical equipment used in examination and treatment of patients are very important for safe care of the patients and the staff handling these instruments. Due to the technical properties of stainless steel, its hygienic experience and the sophisticated look of the stainless steel, it has dominated the medical health care environments for decades. The wetting properties of stainless steel surfaces are presumed to be essential for the process of clean ability and for a wide variety of bio compatibility.In collaboration with the topical company for this thesis, the idea is to find the correlation between the surface properties of various stainless steel in relation to their wetting and spreading ability to enable efficient cleaning of the surface. For a substrate surface to be thoroughly cleaned of any debris or soil, it should be able to allow proper adherence of the liquid across its surface to a certain degree good enough to ensure good wettability of the surface and conversely easy and proper removal of any attached soil on the surface. Higher demand on cleaning, disinfection and sterilization processes became more and more pressing due the development of complex medical equipment.Different stainless steel (316L) surface finishes and some surgical equipment are investigated using the state of the equipment at Halmstad University. Using the imaging interferometer and mapping software, Mountain Map, the results obtained is controlled readings and classification of the various surface parameters. Contact angle measurements were carried out on each surface with three polar (Distilled water, Glycerol and Ethylene glycol) and one non polar (Olive Oil) probe liquids with a drop volume of 3μm using Theta Optical Tensiometer and One Attention Software for the analysis. The impact and correlations of the surface parameters on wettability was later compared from the measurements obtained.
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Marsden, Charles F. "Laser surface alloying of stainless steel." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/47176.
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Nekouie, Esfahani Mohammadreza. "Laser welding of dissimilar carbon steel to stainless steel 316L." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2015. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/19760.
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Laser welding of metals and alloys is extensively used in industry due to its advantages of controlled heating, narrow weld bead, low heat affected zone (HAZ) and its ability to weld a wide range of metals and dissimilar metals. Laser welding of dissimilar metals such as carbon steels and stainless steel is still a challenging task, particularly due to the formation of brittle phases in the weld, martensitic formation in the HAZ and solidification cracking in the fusion zone. These issues can significantly deteriorate the strength of the welded joint. The aim of this work is to investigate the fundamental phenomena that occur inside the dissimilar weld zone and their effect on weld quality. In order to establish the key process variables, an initial study concentrated on the effect of different laser process parameters on dissimilar weld quality. In the second part of the work, a comprehensive study was performed to understand and subsequently control the alloying composition in laser dissimilar welding of austenitic stainless steel and low carbon steel. A dissimilar weld that is predominantly austenitic and homogeneous was obtained by controlling the melt pool dynamics through specific point energy and beam alignment. The significance of dilution and alloying elements on joint strength was established. A coupled CFD and FEM numerical model was developed to assist in understanding the melt pool dynamics and transportation processes of alloying elements. The model has been validated by a series of laser welding experiments using various levels of specific point energy. The laser welding characteristics in terms of geometric dimensions, surface morphology, alloying concentration, and dilution, were compared, and it is concluded that the specific point energy and laser beam position are the key parameters that can be controlled to obtain a weld bead with characteristics most suitable for industrial applications. In the third part of the work, a comparative study was performed to understand the significance of cooling rate, and alloying composition on the microstructure and phase structure of the dissimilar weld zone. Results show that the HAZ within the high carbon steel has significantly higher hardness than the weld area, which severely undermines the weld quality. A new heat treatment strategy was proposed based on the results of the numerical simulation, and it is shown to control the brittle phase formation in HAZ of high carbon steel. A series of experiments was performed to verify the developed thermo-metallurgical FEA model and a good qualitative agreement of the predicted martensitic phase distribution is shown to exist. Although this work is presented in the context of dissimilar laser welding of mild steel to stainless steel, the concept is applicable to any dissimilar fusion welding process.
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Nip, Ka Ho. "Cyclic behaviour of carbon steel and stainless steel tubular members." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/42999.
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Concentrically braced frames are a common form of earthquake resistant structure. Performance of the structure is largely dependent on the ability of the key dissipative components, in this case the diagonal bracing members, to undergo significant inelastic deformations. Whilst many earlier studies have examined the hysteretic response of bracing members, comparatively less attention has been given to the ultimate behaviour and failure conditions. There are also significant uncertainties in existing models for predicting the ductility capacity of braces owing to their semi-empirical nature as well as the scatter of test results. This research project examines the cyclic behaviour of tubular braces made of a familiar structural material, carbon steel, and an increasing popular alternative structural material, stainless steel, which is known for its high tensile ductility. As part of the current study, laboratory tests were performed on hot-rolled carbon steel, cold-formed carbon steel and cold-formed austenitic stainless steel hollow section members and materials coupon cut from them. A total of 24 tensile coupon tests, 62 cyclic material tests and 16 cyclic member tests were conducted. Strain-life relationships of the materials under low and extremely low cycle fatigue regimes were established from the results of the cyclic material tests. These data were also used for calibrating material cyclic hardening models, which were incorporated in numerical models of hollow section members. These models, verified against the results of the cyclic member tests from this study and other research programmes, were employed in parametric studies to investigate the influence of member geometry and material properties on the behaviour of the bracing members. Although the three materials exhibit similar strain-life relationships, cold-formed stainless steel members perform better in terms of displacement ductility and energy dissipation, which is due to the cyclic hardening and higher post-yield stiffness of the stainless steel material. Implications of these findings on the design of earthquake resistant concentrically braced frames are discussed and design guidance for stainless steel bracing members is proposed.
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Colin, Julie. "Deformation history and load sequence effects on cumulative fatigue damage and life predictions /." Connect to full text in OhioLINK ETD Center, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=toledo1260390033.
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Mei, Nanxuan. "Characterization of Stainless Steel Welding Fume Particles : Influence of Stainless Steel Grade, Welding Parameters and Particle Size." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-189203.
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Welding is a widely used method to join two pieces of stainless steel. Since it produces a large amount of fume during the process, it can cause adverse health effects. The welding fume particles contain many elements. Among them Cr, Mn and Ni are of concern. These three elements can cause diseases if inhaled by humans, especially Cr(VI). In this project, welding fume particles are collected during welding of different stainless steel grades (austenitic AISI 304L and duplex LDX2101). Furthermore, different welding types (manual metal arc welding and metal active gas welding), shielding gas (MISON 2, MISON 18 and CORGON 18) and welding electrodes were varied (solid and flux cored wire). The particles were tested by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and atomic absorption spectroscopy. The composition of the particles was measured and the surface chemical speciation estimated. In addition, metal release (Fe, Cr, Mn, and Ni) in phosphate buffered saline solution (pH 7.4, 37℃, 24h) from the particles was tested. Fe, Cr and Mn were found on the surface of the particles and released to different extent in the phosphate buffered saline solution (dominated by Cr).
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Schuetz, Daniel Philip. "Investigation of high strength stainless steel prestressing strands." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/47744.
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Bridges and other coastal structures in Georgia and throughout the Southeast are deteriorating prematurely due to corrosion. Numerous corrosion
initiated failures have occurred in precast prestressed concrete (PSC) piles and reinforced concrete (RC) pile caps, leading to the costly repair and
replacement of either the entire bridge or the affected members. With the Federal Highway Administration's goal of a 100-year bridge service life
and recent legislative action such as the Bridge Life Extension Act, new emphasis has been placed on the development and implementation of new
corrosion mitigation techniques.
This thesis involves the mechanical testing, and proposed future test program of high-strength stainless steel (HSSS) prestressing strand to be used
in prestressed marine bridge piles. The metallurgy for two types of HSSS strand was selected from a previous study of the corrosion resistance,
mechanical properties, and feasibility of 6 candidate HSSS drawn wire samples. Duplex stainless steel (DSS) grades 2205 and 2304 were selected
for production of 7-wire 1/2" diameter prestressing strand. DSS wire rod was drawn, stranded, and heat-treated using the same production methods
and equipment as used for standard of practice, high carbon prestressing strand. The production process was documented to analyze the problems
facing this production method and suggest improvement and optimization.
After production, the strands were subjected to a series of mechanical tests. Tension testing was performed to provide a stress-strain curve for the
strands and related mechanical properties. Wire samples were also taken at varying points in the drawing process to give more information about
the work hardening of the stainless steels. Stress relaxation testing was performed on both strand and wire samples to assess the overall losses and
to provide comparisons between strand and wire test results as well as drawn wires before and after heat-treatment.
An experimental program for future study was designed to assess the HSSS prestressing strand behavior in precast piles. This testing involves
assessment of pile driving performance, pile flexural and shear behavior, strand transfer and development length, long-term prestressing force
losses, and material durability.
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Hedayati, Mohammad Hassan. "Performance-based design of stainless steel blast walls." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2018. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=239895.
Full textAbstract:
Stainless steel profiled walls have increasingly been used in the process and other industries to protect people and personnel against hydrocarbon or chemical explosions. The existence of various uncertainties, in particular the ones associated with explosion loading and parameters, make the current design and assessment which are based on single degree of freedom (SDOF) and deterministic approach, very complicated and in many cases leading to unreliable design assessment. Therefore, developing an appropriate reliability approach for assessing and designing blast wall structures would greatly assist in improving the safety of personnel and plant facilities. The objective of this research study is to develop a practical framework for performance based design of stainless steel profiled barrier blast walls, with specific focus on reliability assessment by implementing stochastic finite element analysis (SFEA). Initially, the current traditional SDOF method is reviewed to identify the related issues and weaknesses and accordingly an appropriate method for structural assessments of the blast walls is proposed. Furthermore, a comprehensive investigation on various available methods is carried out to identify a suitable probabilistic approach for the reliability assessments. The corresponding reliability of these structures is evaluated with a MCS method, implementing the Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) approach. A programming package is developed using Ansys Parametric Design Language (APDL), to generate parametric finite element models and to perform automated reliability assessments. The significant uncertainties are combined with an advanced analysis model to investigate the influence of loading, material and geometric uncertainties on the response of these structures under realistic boundary conditions and connection configuration. Effective implementation of the framework is achieved by the development of a combined programming package to deal with both finite element and reliability analyses. A further development for this research study is associated with the development of performance based design approach, using the results of the probabilistic and finite element assessments. This can be utilised for optimum and appropriate design of the blast wall structures, based on the defined performance levels. Application and practicality of the developed approach and associated programming package is demonstrated through a number of case studies of realistic stainless steel profiled barriers subject to explosion loading. The results of the preliminary probabilistic case studies confirm that the explosion loading is the main influential input parameter and also nonlinearities are more critical than dynamic effects for unstiffened profiled barrier blast walls. An appropriate dynamic load factor (DLF) is proposed for the preliminary stage of the design and assessments. It is observed that using the probabilistic approach can help identify the important variables and parameters to optimize the design of profiled blast walls, and to perform risk assessments for these structures. The study is expanded to develop a performance based design methodology, linking the probabilistic results with various performance levels and associated parameters (e.g., damage levels). The results and discussions of the case studies associated with performance based design assessments confirm the suitability of the proposed framework, and also highlight the complications in defining intermediate levels, without preliminary investigations. This shows that QRA approach and involvement of professionals can play an important role to develop performance levels and the associated objectives. The developed programming package and associated framework are expected to provide valuable guidance to professional design engineers and researchers, by obviating the need for complex computational requirements.
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Hirsch, Michael Robert. "Fretting behavior of AISI 301 stainless steel sheet in full hard condition." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24759.
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Quagraine, Nana-Araba. "Interfacial morphology and descaling of reheated stainless steel." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2001. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-03062006-112543/.
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Raseroka, Mantsaye S. "Controlled chloride cracking of austenitic stainless steel." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07032009-120615/.
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Sture, Henrik. "Integrity Evaluation of Duplex Stainless Steel Flanges." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for produktutvikling og materialer, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-19055.
Full textAbstract:
Duplex stainless steel flanges are normally forged to form, as required by the ASTM A182/A182M standard, but may also potentially be machined directly from forged stainless steel bar. In order to evaluate the integrity of such flanges, axisymmetric elastic-plastic finite element models have been developed, considering static effects such as bolt load and internal pressure. Additionally, tensile testing of a sample forged bar (UNS S31803) has been conducted. The stress distribution in a flange during gasket seating and operating conditions has been determined, as well as the degree of plastic strain caused by the bolt loads. The maximum stresses have been found to be around the same values as the minimum yield strength requirement of the studied material (UNS S31803), and the location of the maximum stress concentrations have been identified as the gasket groove. The tensile tests of the forged bar (UNS S31803) have shown that the yield and tensile strength properties are considerably higher than the standardized minimum requirements. The elastic modulus of the forged bar has also been determined, and was found to be lower than anticipated in the axisymmetric models. Some specimens have also been found to exhibit highly non-linear elastic properties.
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Nugraha, Tutun. "Iodine retention on stainless steel sampling lines." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ28825.pdf.
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Phillips, Nathaniel Steven Lee. "Phase transformations in cast superaustenitic stainless steel." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2006.
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O'Donnell, I. J. "Ductile fracture in type 316 stainless steel." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356270.
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Brady, Edward William. "The creep of type 310N stainless steel." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284258.
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Hussain, Patthi Bin. "Diffusion bonding of sialon and stainless steel." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249842.
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Oliveira, Santos J. F. "Controlled transfer MIG welding of stainless steel." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373993.
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Mattin, Sarah Patricia. "Nucleation of corrosion pits on stainless steel." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321495.
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Karmakar, Mattias. "Additive Manufacturing Stainless Steel for Space Application." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Materialvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-72901.
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Groth, Margareta Ring. "Adhesive bonding and weldbonding of stainless steel." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, 1998. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-17770.
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Yamoah, Nana Kwame Gyan. "Microstructure Characterization of SUS444 Ferritic Stainless Steel." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/23253.
Full textAbstract:
Redesigning heavy components with thinner components is one way to lower automotive weight and improve fuel efficiency. Therefore, replacing thick cast iron exhaust manifolds with thinner heat resistant stainless steel one is a prime example of this approach. Material for a thin exhaust manifold must tolerate cyclic thermal fatigue. In SUS 444, this characteristic is directly related to the influence of microstructure on high temperature strength and the stability of the microstructure at the high operating temperature range. The goal of this research is to identify the cause for the drastic difference in the stress-strain behavior between two potential manufacturer heat treatments that will serve as a simplified model case for high temperature cyclic fatigue. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) based microstructure analyses of samples which have been aged at 750"C for 100 hours and then hot-tensile tested at 750"C with a strain rate of suggest continuous recrystallization as the mechanism responsible for the stable high temperature strength. The initial high temperature strength observed in the unaged sample was due to the precipitation of fine Laves phases which pinned down the motion of dislocations. As deformation progressed the strength increased until a critical precipitate size, volume fraction and dislocation density before Laves phases begun to rapidly coarsen and resulted in the abrupt decrease in strength. Microstructure evidence suggests the absence of precipitation strengthening effect in the aged samples could be a contributing factor to the decrease in peak strength between the aged samples and the unaged samples.Master of Science
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Dalton, John Christian. "Surface Hardening of Duplex Stainless Steel 2205." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1480696856644048.
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Stewart, Daniel. "Bonding Orthodontic Brackets to Stainless Steel Crowns." VCU Scholars Compass, 2009. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1695.
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The purpose of this study was to compare shear bond strengths of brackets bonded to stainless steel crowns using various orthodontic adhesives and surface conditioning techniques. One hundred and twenty mandibular first molar stainless steel crowns were randomly divided into groups: (1): Aluminablasting + Metal Primer + Assure; (2): Aluminablasting + Silane Coupling Agent + Transbond; (3): Diamond Bur Abrasion + Metal Primer + Assure; (4): Diamond Bur Abrasion + Silane Coupling Agent + Transbond; (5: control): Acid Etching + Metal Primer + Assure; (6: control): Acid Etching + Silane Coupling Agent + Transbond. Bond strength was tested using a universal testing machine. Both aluminablasting and diamond bur abrasion surface preparation techniques, when used in conjunction with metal primer and Assure bonding resin, reached clinically acceptable bond strength values (9.05 and 9.30 MPa, respectively). These techniques seem to offer viable options to bond orthodontic brackets to stainless steel crowns.
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Perdahcioglu, Emin Semih. "Constitutive modeling of metastable austenitic stainless steel." Enschede : University of Twente [Host], 2008. http://doc.utwente.nl/60279.
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Al-Ogaili, Ghassan Saadoon Dawood. "Fundamental approach for fouling growth mechanisms comprehension at a stainless steel surface : development of antifouling coating for stainless steel." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10109/document.
Full textAbstract:
Le présent travail porte sur un problème crucial de l’industrie laitière:l'encrassement causé par le lait pendant un traitement thermique. L'objectif de ce travail était de comprendre le mécanisme de dépôt et de croissance de l’encrassement laitier à la surface de conduites en acier inoxydable afin de pouvoir élaborer une surface qui permette de limiter, voire d’empêcher cet encrassement. La morphologie et composition de la couche d'encrassement dépendent fortement de la solution d'encrassement. Quand de l'eau avec une dureté nulle est utilisée, la couche d'encrassement est fine, lisse et homogène. Inversement, avec de l'eau du robinet fortement concentrée en calcium, la couche d'encrassement est très épaisse, rugueuse et montre un mécanisme de croissance en arborescence. Afin de mieux comprendre l’initiation des mécanismes d’encrassement, des échantillons ont été soumis à un processus d'encrassement limité à une minute pour les deux solutions, ce qui entraîne la formation de couches d’épaisseur nanométrique.Les interactions entre les protéines du lait et le calcium à la surface de l’acier ont pu être étudiées par des techniques d’analyse d’extrême surface (XPS, ToF-SIMS et AFM), ce qui a permis d’améliorer la compréhension des mécanismes d’encrassement. L’étude s’est ensuite portée sur la réduction de l’encrassement par l’intermédiaire de revêtements sur acier inoxydable, soit par voie plasma atmosphérique soit par voie sol-gel. Parmi les différents revêtements étudiés, un revêtement déposé par voie plasma atmosphérique (utilisant l’hexaméthyldisiloxane HMDSO comme précurseur) conduit à une réduction importante de l’encrassement laitierThis work presents an important problem in the dairy industry: the fouling caused by milk during heat treatment. The objective of this study was to understand the mechanism of deposition and growth of dairy fouling on the surface of stainless steel pipes in order to develop a surface that limited or even prevent this contamination. The morphology and composition of the fouling layer strongly depends on the solution of fouling. When water with Total Hardness zero is used, the fouling layer is thin, smooth and homogeneous. Conversely, with tap water in highly concentrated calcium, the fouling layer is very thick, rough and shows a mechanism for tree growth. To better understand the mechanisms of fouling initiation, samples were subjected to a process of fouling than one minute for both solutions, resulting in the formation of layers of fouling thickness interactions nanométrique.Les between milk proteins and calcium on the surface of the steel could be studied by techniques of extreme surface (XPS, ToF-SIMS and AFM) analysis, which has improved the understanding of the mechanisms fouling. The study is then focused on the reduction of fouling by means of coatings on stainless steel, either by atmospheric plasma or by sol-gel. Among the different coatings studied, a coating deposited by atmospheric plasma (using hexamethyldisiloxane HMDSO as precursor) leads to a significant reduction in milk fouling