Journal articles: 'Stain transfer'

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Bentaieb, Aicha, and Ghassan Hamarneh. "Adversarial Stain Transfer for Histopathology Image Analysis." IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging 37, no. 3 (March 2018): 792–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2017.2781228.

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Lin, Yiyang, Bowei Zeng, Yifeng Wang, Yang Chen, Zijie Fang, Jian Zhang, Xiangyang Ji, Haoqian Wang, and Yongbing Zhang. "Unpaired Multi-Domain Stain Transfer for Kidney Histopathological Images." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 36, no. 2 (June 28, 2022): 1630–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v36i2.20054.

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As an essential step in the pathological diagnosis, histochemical staining can show specific tissue structure information and, consequently, assist pathologists in making accurate diagnoses. Clinical kidney histopathological analyses usually employ more than one type of staining: H&E, MAS, PAS, PASM, etc. However, due to the interference of colors among multiple stains, it is not easy to perform multiple staining simultaneously on one biological tissue. To address this problem, we propose a network based on unpaired training data to virtually generate multiple types of staining from one staining. Our method can preserve the content of input images while transferring them to multiple target styles accurately. To efficiently control the direction of stain transfer, we propose a style guided normalization (SGN). Furthermore, a multiple style encoding (MSE) is devised to represent the relationship among different staining styles dynamically. An improved one-hot label is also proposed to enhance the generalization ability and extendibility of our method. Vast experiments have demonstrated that our model can achieve superior performance on a tiny dataset. The results exhibit not only good performance but also great visualization and interpretability. Especially, our method also achieves satisfactory results over cross-tissue, cross-staining as well as cross-task. We believe that our method will significantly influence clinical stain transfer and reduce the workload greatly for pathologists. Our code and Supplementary materials are available at https://github.com/linyiyang98/UMDST.

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Via, Brian K., Chi-Leung So, Todd F. Shupe, Lori G. Eckhardt, Michael Stine, and Leslie H. Groom. "Prediction of Wood Mechanical and Chemical Properties in the Presence and Absence of Blue Stain Using Two near Infrared Instruments." Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy 13, no. 4 (August 2005): 201–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1255/jnirs.538.

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The objective of this research was to (a) determine if blue stain in solid wood influenced calibration equations developed from a non-stained wood population, (b) assess the bias introduced when scanning was performed by the slave instrument without calibration transfer from the master instrument and (c) partition absorbance-based variation by instrument, stain and instrument × stain interaction. The results helped to determine the calibration transfer needed for this case. The dependent variables assessed from clear and stained wood were lignin, extractives, modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR) and density When the master instrument was used for both calibration and prediction, it was found that stain-insensitive equations for the five traits could be built. However, when a slave near infrared instrument was introduced without calibration transfer, three out of five predicted traits were significantly biased by the presence of stain. Further analysis revealed an interaction between stain and instrument indicating that instrument bias was also introduced during scanning with a slave. For both multiple linear regression (MLR) and principal components regression (PCR), it was found that if a trait needed more wavelengths (or principal components) for prediction of the dependent variable, bias due to blue stain became increasingly prominent. PCR was found to perform better than MLR when stain was introduced with no calibration transfer. Such a finding alludes that PCR works better than MLR under extrapolation conditions but is not intended to support a lack of calibration transfer. Finally, the Mallows Cp diagnostic proved valuable in model selection although the well-known requirement of ( Cp – p ≤ 0) appeared conservative. For MLR and PCR, a Cp – p ≤ 5 often yielded applicable models while Cp – p > 7 was about the threshold where model performance dropped.

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Lee, Jiann-Shu, and Yao-Xian Ma. "Stain Style Transfer for Histological Images Using S3CGAN." Sensors 22, no. 3 (January 28, 2022): 1044. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22031044.

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This study proposes a new CycleGAN-based stain transfer model, called S3CGAN, equipped with a specialized color classifier structure. The specialized color classifier can assist the generative network to conquer the existing challenge in GANs, namely the instability of the network caused by the insufficient representativeness of the training data in the initial stage of network training. The color classifier is pretrained, hence it can provide correct color information feedback to the generator during the initial network training phase. The augmented information from color classification enables the generator to generate superior results. Owing to the CycleGAN architecture, the proposed model does not require representative paired inputs. The proposed model uses U-Net and a Markovian discriminator to enhance the structural retention ability to generate images with high fidelity.

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Rocha, Daniel, Filomena Soares, Eva Oliveira, and Vítor Carvalho. "Blind People: Clothing Category Classification and Stain Detection Using Transfer Learning." Applied Sciences 13, no. 3 (February 2, 2023): 1925. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13031925.

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The ways in which people dress, as well as the styles that they prefer for different contexts and occasions, are part of their identity. Every day, blind people face limitations in identifying and inspecting their garments, and dressing can be a difficult and stressful task. Taking advantage of the great technological advancements, it becomes of the utmost importance to minimize, as much as possible, the limitations of a blind person when choosing garments. Hence, this work aimed at categorizing and detecting the presence of stains on garments, using artificial intelligence algorithms. In our approach, transfer learning was used for category classification, where a benchmark was performed between convolutional neural networks (CNNs), with the best model achieving an F1 score of 91%. Stain detection was performed through the fine tuning of a deep learning object detector, i.e., the mask R (region-based)-CNN. This approach is also analyzed and discussed, as it allowed us to achieve better results than those available in the literature.

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Moghadam, Atefeh Ziaei, Hamed Azarnoush, Seyyed Ali Seyyedsalehi, and Mohammad Havaei. "Stain transfer using Generative Adversarial Networks and disentangled features." Computers in Biology and Medicine 142 (March 2022): 105219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105219.

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Fang, Qiuwen, Ming Chen, Hua-ju Li, Tena G. Goodwin, and Peter K. Law. "Vital marker for muscle nuclei in myoblast transfer." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 69, no. 1 (January 1, 1991): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y91-008.

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A new method is developed using Fluoro-Gold (FG) as a vital stain to label the nuclei of donor myoblasts in myoblast transfer studies. In vitro incubation with 0.01% FG for 16 h resulted in 100% nuclei labelling. Intensive fluorescence persisted following 9 days of subculture, when the human myoblasts were injected into the quadriceps of mouse recipients immunosuppressed with cyclosporine. Injected muscles showed mosaicism of host and donor nuclei 25 days after injection, indicating (i) survival and fusion among donor myoblasts, and (ii) fusion between host and donor cells. FG labelling was not observed in control muscles injected with an equal volume of FG-labelled dead myoblasts, 0.01% FG medium, or phosphate-buffered saline.Key words: Fluoro-Gold, nucleus vital stain, myoblast culture and transplant.

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Russell, Gerald E. "Ruggedness Testing of the Official Method for Rot Fragments in Comminuted Tomato Products." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 68, no. 5 (September 1, 1985): 896–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/68.5.896.

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Abstract The official AOAC method for rot fragments in comminuted tomato products (44.224) has been revised on the basis of Youden's ruggedness testing procedures to provide better control over the sources of variability. Two sets of ruggedness tests were carried out to evaluate the type of balance used to weigh the sample, amount of stain, staining time, sieve design, technique used to transfer stained material from beaker to sieve, washing technique used to accumulate stained material at edge of sieve, diameter of eye dropper used to transfer sample from sieve to graduated tube, number of 0.5 mL portions examined, and magnification used to examine prepared slides. A 3-way analysis of variance conducted on amount of stain, transfer technique, and washing technique showed that the transfer and washing techniques were significant areas of variability.

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Liu, Shuting, Baochang Zhang, Yiqing Liu, Anjia Han, Huijuan Shi, Tian Guan, and Yonghong He. "Unpaired Stain Transfer Using Pathology-Consistent Constrained Generative Adversarial Networks." IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging 40, no. 8 (August 2021): 1977–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2021.3069874.

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Kolasinski, Kurt W. "Electron transfer during metal-assisted and stain etching of silicon." Semiconductor Science and Technology 31, no. 1 (October 1, 2015): 014002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0268-1242/31/1/014002.

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Munien, Chanaleä, and Serestina Viriri. "Classification of Hematoxylin and Eosin-Stained Breast Cancer Histology Microscopy Images Using Transfer Learning with EfficientNets." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2021 (April 9, 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5580914.

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Breast cancer is a fatal disease and is a leading cause of death in women worldwide. The process of diagnosis based on biopsy tissue is nontrivial, time-consuming, and prone to human error, and there may be conflict about the final diagnosis due to interobserver variability. Computer-aided diagnosis systems have been designed and implemented to combat these issues. These systems contribute significantly to increasing the efficiency and accuracy and reducing the cost of diagnosis. Moreover, these systems must perform better so that their determined diagnosis can be more reliable. This research investigates the application of the EfficientNet architecture for the classification of hematoxylin and eosin-stained breast cancer histology images provided by the ICIAR2018 dataset. Specifically, seven EfficientNets were fine-tuned and evaluated on their ability to classify images into four classes: normal, benign, in situ carcinoma, and invasive carcinoma. Moreover, two standard stain normalization techniques, Reinhard and Macenko, were observed to measure the impact of stain normalization on performance. The outcome of this approach reveals that the EfficientNet-B2 model yielded an accuracy and sensitivity of 98.33% using Reinhard stain normalization method on the training images and an accuracy and sensitivity of 96.67% using the Macenko stain normalization method. These satisfactory results indicate that transferring generic features from natural images to medical images through fine-tuning on EfficientNets can achieve satisfactory results.

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Gutiérrez Pérez, José Carlos, Daniel Otero Baguer, and Peter Maass. "StainCUT: Stain Normalization with Contrastive Learning." Journal of Imaging 8, no. 7 (July 20, 2022): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jimaging8070202.

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In recent years, numerous deep-learning approaches have been developed for the analysis of histopathology Whole Slide Images (WSI). A recurrent issue is the lack of generalization ability of a model that has been trained with images of one laboratory and then used to analyze images of a different laboratory. This occurs mainly due to the use of different scanners, laboratory procedures, and staining variations. This can produce strong color differences, which change not only the characteristics of the image, such as the contrast, brightness, and saturation, but also create more complex style variations. In this paper, we present a deep-learning solution based on contrastive learning to transfer from one staining style to another: StainCUT. This method eliminates the need to choose a reference frame and does not need paired images with different staining to learn the mapping between the stain distributions. Additionally, it does not rely on the CycleGAN approach, which makes the method efficient in terms of memory consumption and running time. We evaluate the model using two datasets that consist of the same specimens digitized with two different scanners. We also apply it as a preprocessing step for the semantic segmentation of metastases in lymph nodes. The model was trained on data from one of the laboratories and evaluated on data from another. The results validate the hypothesis that stain normalization indeed improves the performance of the model. Finally, we also investigate and compare the application of the stain normalization step during the training of the model and at inference.

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Abe, Makoto, Tetsuya Yamada, and Akinobu Nakano. "Prospective Comparison of Intraoperative Touch Imprint Cytology and Frozen Section Histology on Axillary Sentinel Lymph Nodes in Early Breast Cancer Patients." Acta Cytologica 64, no. 5 (2020): 492–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000508016.

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Introduction: Since the late 1970s, sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has been used for several solid malignancies to identify lymph node metastases. This procedure is associated with less surgical morbidity than complete lymphadenectomy. Recent evidence suggests that axillary lymphadenectomy is not required for breast sentinel nodes with micrometastases (≤2 mm). Current clinical management of sentinel nodes indicates that only macrometastases (>2 mm) should be detected intraoperatively. In Japan, an intraoperative histopathological frozen section (FS) method is used to identify lymph node metastases, but this method takes more than 30 min and requires complex techniques and expensive equipment. Touch imprint cytology (TIC) is an easier, less expensive, and faster method, but its sensitivity has been shown to be low. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine if TIC is more useful than FS in identifying macrometastases in sentinel lymph nodes in preoperative node-negative breast cancer operations. Methods: A prospective review of 49 consecutive patients with node-negative breast cancer treated with SLNB and intraoperative TIC and FS between November 2017 and June 2019 was performed. TIC samples were stained using Papanicolaou and Diff-Quick stains. Results were compared with routine postoperative paraffin sections. Results: With TIC, the Papanicolaou stain took a mean of 12 min, and the Diff-Quick stain took a mean of 10 min. Results of both TIC stain methods were the same. In contrast, the FS method took a mean of 80 min (including the transfer of specimens to a different hospital with the necessary equipment). TIC confirmed macrometastases in 5 cases. All macrometastases were diagnosed equally by the 2 techniques. Both the sensitivity and specificity of TIC were 100% for detection of macrometastases. Conclusion: TIC of SLNB for breast cancer is an easy and useful method for the detection of macrometastases of breast sentinel nodes.

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Nalty, Therasa J., and Lynn C. Yeoman. "Transfer of proteins from acrylamide gels to nitrocellulose paper after silver stain detection." Journal of Immunological Methods 107, no. 1 (February 1988): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(88)90020-8.

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Zu, Youli, Maryann D. Gangi, and Grace C. H. Yang. "Ultrafast Papanicolaou stain and cell-transfer technique enhance cytologic diagnosis of Hodgkin lymphoma." Diagnostic Cytopathology 27, no. 5 (November 2002): 308–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dc.10180.

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Ha, Min-Ho, Young-Gyu Kim, and Tae-Hyoung Park. "Stain Defect Classification by Gabor Filter and Dual-Stream Convolutional Neural Network." Applied Sciences 13, no. 7 (April 3, 2023): 4540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13074540.

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A stain defect is difficult to detect with the human eye because of its characteristic of having a very minimal difference in brightness with the local area of the surface. Recently, with the development of Deep learning, the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based stain defect classification method has been proposed. This paper proposes a Dual-stream CNN for stain defect classification using a Gabor filter image. Using Dual-stream structure CNN, Gabor filter images and Gray image (Original) preserve their respective features. The experiment based on the Magnetic Tile (MT) stain data set and the Compact Camera Module (CCM) stain dataset confirms that the proposed method has an improved performance based on the precision, recall, and F1-score in comparison to the Single-stream extraction-based method. Gabor filter images have an advantage in image texture analysis and can be used as an input to the CNNs. The Dual-stream structure better extracts the features needed for classification.

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Rathinamoorthy, R. "Performance analysis of Polyvinylpyrrolidone." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 31, no. 5 (September 2, 2019): 619–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-12-2018-0155.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to focus on the performance analysis of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) – Chitosan composite dye transfer inhibitor (DTI) for household laundry. The developed composite DTI is tested against different commercial dyes and detergent powders normally used in the household laundry for its performance. Design/methodology/approach The DTI article is tested for its performance against five commercial dyes and five commercial detergent compositions. The dye re-deposition behaviour of the control fabric was measured in terms of the colour difference (ΔE) values. The influence of PVP on the washing efficiency of detergent was evaluated against tea, coffee and juice stains. Findings The results showed that there is an excellent performance of the developed product noted in terms of DTI performance against reactive, basic and sulfur dyes. The DTI product showed a significantly (p<0.05) less performance against acid and direct dyes. There is no significant differences noted in the stain removal efficiency of the detergent in the presence of PVP in the wash liquor (p>0.05). Originality/value The usage of DTI polymer in the household laundry has no significant influence on the detergents performance in terms of stain removing efficiency. The DTI polymer’s function in the wash liquor depends up on the type of polymer used, as they are sensitive to the type of detergent compositions used and the type of dyes bleeds in the wash liquor.

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Lu, Zhongdeng, Zulin Chen, and Wei Xie. "A Study on the Material Composition and Traceability of the Wellhead Blockage in the Process of Oil and Gas Exploitation—A Case of the DH231 Well in the Tarim Basin, China." Applied Sciences 13, no. 3 (January 23, 2023): 1504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13031504.

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The formation of wellhead blockage increases operating costs and seriously affects the safe production of oil wells. It is crucial to correctly analyze the blockage composition and determine the reasons for wellhead blockage to improve the production efficiency of oil wells. In this study, the material composition and origin of the wellhead blockage in Well DH231 are systematically investigated by means of a thin-section observation, scanning electron microscope, energy spectrum analysis, and molecular geochemical characterization of organic matter. The results show that the wellhead blockage in Well DH231 consists of organic and inorganic materials. The inorganic material was mainly composed of dolomite, fine sand, and unknown black minerals. Four elements, Fe, O, Na, and Cl, could account for 95% of the total elemental content in the unknown minerals. It is speculated that they may have come from rust on the metal parts of the inner wall of the wellbore while being influenced by groundwater during the formation process. The organic matter in the blockage was an oil stain from the geological body. The coexistence of n-alkanes and 25-norhopanes in the oil stain was obvious. It indicated that the oldest crude oil in Well DH231 experienced severe biodegradation, followed by the secondary injection of hydrocarbons. The distribution characteristics of hopanes and steranes in oil stains in Well DH231 were comparable to those of the carboniferous crude oil in neighboring Wells DH4 and DH5. The oil stains in the wellhead blockage may be the product of oil and gas migration in Wells DH4 and DH5.

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Višić, Ksenija, Tanja Pušić, and Mirjana Čurlin. "Carboxymethyl Cellulose and Carboxymethyl Starch as Surface Modifiers and Greying Inhibitors in Washing of Cotton Fabrics." Polymers 13, no. 7 (April 6, 2021): 1174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13071174.

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This research is focused on cellulose and starch derivatives, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and carboxymethyl starch (CMS), added to the detergent in washing reference cotton fabric in soft and hard water at 40, 60 and 90 °C. The applied polymers were analyzed through the potential of surface cellulose modification and inhibition of stain transfer from standard stain donors to modified and initial cotton fabrics. The surface modification of the cotton fabrics, characterized by the zeta potential and amounts of deposits, was coupled with the cluster analysis as well as a whiteness assessment. The obtained results of the zeta potential and degree of whiteness of the reference cotton fabrics before and after washing showed differences between CMC and CMS. The appropriateness of the cluster analysis was confirmed in assessing the potential of applied polymers for surface modification of cotton fabrics and greying inhibition.

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Pereira, F., F. Meirelles, F. Braga, J. Visintin, R. Rumpf, J. Garcia, J. R. Kfoury Júnior, et al. "66 HISTIOTROPHIC NUTRITION AND IRON TRANSFER ACROSS THE MATERNO-FETAL INTERFACE IN NUCLEAR TRANSFER-DERIVED SOMATIC CATTLE CLONES." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 18, no. 2 (2006): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv18n2ab66.

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The histiotrophic nutrition by the endometrial glands and the materno-fetal interface in the cloned cattle placenta were analyzed in order to investigate the iron transfer. Placentomes and intercaruncular region samples were recovered at term Caesarean delivery from 14 cloned cattle and 10 controls, fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and 10% formaldehyde in PBS, processed and stained for light microscopy (hematoxylin-eosin, picrosirius, and Masson's trichrome), histochemistry [Perls, acid phosphatase and periodic acid Schiff (PAS) reactions], and immunohistochemistry (with rabbit anti-pig uteroferrin antibody because the uteroferrin is an iron transporter protein). In the controls we verified blood extravasations in the materno-fetal interface between the uterine and the trophoblast epithelium characterized by hemophagous areas with consequent erythrophagocytosis by the adjacent trophoblast. This content presented extravasated erythrocytes, plasm, cell debris, and cells in a probable apoptotic process. The Perls histochemical reactions that exposed the ferric iron in the placentomes were positive, as was the uteroferrin immunohistochemistry in the trophoblast cytoplasm and in other deep points in the placentomes. The histochemical reactions, demonstrating the acid phosphatase enzyme that detects the phagocytic activity, were positive in the mesenchyme and trophoblast, with a weak stain in an endometrial stroma. In the top of fetal villi, mainly in the binucleate cells, we visualized accumulations of PAS-positive secretions, indicating the presence of mucoid material. The uterine gland epithelium was columnar-type and in the gland lumina there were cell debris and PAS-positive mucoid secretions. We confirmed the reactivity of the uterine glands to the acid phosphatase enzyme and to the Perls reaction in the epithelium and in the gland lumina. The uteroferrin immunohistochemistry showed a strong stain in the cytoplasm of the endometrial glands cells and in the lumina. In the NT bovine placentae, the blood extravasations between uterine and trophoblast epithelium were aberrant. There was also the remodeling of the maternal connective tissue (endometrial stroma) in this area. We also demonstrated phagocytic uptake of uteroferrin by the trophoblast, although the histochemical and immunohistochemical reactions were weak in the trophoblast of the placentomes and in the endometrial glands of the intercaruncular region, when compared with the controls. The results obtained by the histochemistry and immunohistochemistry indicated that these sites of transfer substances from mother to fetus are very important in providing adequate nutrition to the fetus, key to a successful pregnancy in NT bovines. This work was funded by FAPESP, Brazil.

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Kausar, Tasleem, Adeeba Kausar, Muhammad Adnan Ashraf, Muhammad Farhan Siddique, Mingjiang Wang, Muhammad Sajid, Muhammad Zeeshan Siddique, Anwar Ul Haq, and Imran Riaz. "SA-GAN: Stain Acclimation Generative Adversarial Network for Histopathology Image Analysis." Applied Sciences 12, no. 1 (December 29, 2021): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12010288.

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Histopathological image analysis is an examination of tissue under a light microscope for cancerous disease diagnosis. Computer-assisted diagnosis (CAD) systems work well by diagnosing cancer from histopathology images. However, stain variability in histopathology images is inevitable due to the use of different staining processes, operator ability, and scanner specifications. These stain variations present in histopathology images affect the accuracy of the CAD systems. Various stain normalization techniques have been developed to cope with inter-variability issues, allowing standardizing the appearance of images. However, in stain normalization, these methods rely on the single reference image rather than incorporate color distributions of the entire dataset. In this paper, we design a novel machine learning-based model that takes advantage of whole dataset distributions as well as color statistics of a single target image instead of relying only on a single target image. The proposed deep model, called stain acclimation generative adversarial network (SA-GAN), consists of one generator and two discriminators. The generator maps the input images from the source domain to the target domain. Among discriminators, the first discriminator forces the generated images to maintain the color patterns as of target domain. While second discriminator forces the generated images to preserve the structure contents as of source domain. The proposed model is trained using a color attribute metric, extracted from a selected template image. Therefore, the designed model not only learns dataset-specific staining properties but also image-specific textural contents. Evaluated results on four different histopathology datasets show the efficacy of SA-GAN to acclimate stain contents and enhance the quality of normalization by obtaining the highest values of performance metrics. Additionally, the proposed method is also evaluated for multiclass cancer type classification task, showing a 6.9% improvement in accuracy on ICIAR 2018 hidden test data.

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Réfloch, Aurore, Jean-Paul Gaudet, Laurent Oxarango, and Yvan Rossier. "Estimation of saturated hydraulic conductivity from ring infiltrometer test taking into account the surface moisture stain extension." Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics 65, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 321–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/johh-2017-0019.

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AbstractA large single-ring infiltrometer test was performed in order to characterize the saturated hydraulic conductivity below an infiltration basin in the well field of Lyon (France). Two kinds of data are recorded during the experiment: the volume of water infiltrated over time and the extension of the moisture stain around the ring. Then numerical analysis was performed to determine the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soil by calibration.Considering an isotropic hydraulic conductivity, the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the alluvial deposits is estimated at 3.8 10−6m s−1. However, with this assumption, we are not able to represent accurately the extension of the moisture stain around the ring. When anisotropy of hydraulic conductivity is introduced, experimental data and simulation results are in good agreement, both for the volume of water infiltrated over time and the extension of the moisture stain. The vertical saturated hydraulic conductivity in the anisotropic configuration is 4.75 times smaller than in the isotropic configuration (8.0 10−7m s−1), and the horizontal saturated hydraulic conductivity is 125 times higher than the vertical saturated hydraulic conductivity (1.0 10−4m s−1).

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Lan, Junlin, Shaojin Cai, Yuyang Xue, Qinquan Gao, Min Du, Hejun Zhang, Zhida Wu, et al. "Unpaired Stain Style Transfer Using Invertible Neural Networks Based on Channel Attention and Long-Range Residual." IEEE Access 9 (2021): 11282–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3051188.

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Betthauser, J. M., B. M. Scott, J. R. Gibbons, and S. L. Stice. "The use of Hoechst 33342 to stain donor nuclei used in the bovine nuclear transfer procedure." Theriogenology 39, no. 1 (January 1993): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0093-691x(93)90042-4.

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Syahminan, Syahminan, and Mulia Rahman. "Tantangan Dosen dalam Mengaplikasikan Transformasi Nilai Ikhlas di STAIN Tgk. Dirundeng Meulaboh." Jurnal MUDARRISUNA: Media Kajian Pendidikan Agama Islam 11, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/jm.v11i3.9764.

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State Islamic College (STAIN) Tgk. Dirundeng Meulaboh- West Aceh, is one of the tertiary institutions in Aceh which plays a very strategic role in creating a generation of intellectual and spiritual intelligence, so it requires lecturers who are able to transfer knowledge and values (morals) appropriately. One of the campus challenges is how to make the lacturers truly have sincerity in themselves and be able to be applied in their daily life while teaching. This study uses descriptive qualitative analysis methods, data collection techniques are observation, interviews, and documentation. The determination of research objects at STAIN Tgk. Dirundeng Meulaboh was invited because the campus is very strategically located in the west-south coast of Aceh, and is able to bring students from all over Aceh to study at the campus. The Results of the study: the understanding of lecturers and students regarding the transformation of sincere values is more in being able to carry out learning actually according to the SOP, and eliminating interference with the implementation of learning. The challenge of transforming the sincere value is the commitment of the lecturer himself in carrying out the mandate as a lecturer who is a religious professional (sincere)

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Rivers, David B., Brendan Dunphy, Claire Hammerschmidt, and Alexandra Carrigan. "Characterization of Insect Stains Deposited by Calliphora vicina (Diptera: Calliphoridae) on Shirt Fabrics." Journal of Medical Entomology 57, no. 5 (March 12, 2020): 1399–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjaa052.

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Abstract Despite the fact that necrophagous flies are known to alter bloodstains and create unique artifacts, no research has occurred to date that has examined the characteristics of insect stains on textiles or fabrics. This study represents the first effort to characterize artifacts produced by adult Calliphora vicina Robineau-Desvoidy deposited on a range of shirt fabrics that varied in type, color, orientation, and yarn tension. In general, artifact morphology on any type of fabric was distorted in comparison to those observed on smooth and/or nonporous surfaces in previous studies. Consequently, distinction of artifact type could only be made broadly as digestive artifacts and transfer patterns, in which the latter was predominantly detected as tarsal tracks. None of the artifacts displayed satellite stains typical of human bloodstains found on textiles. Wicking was evident on all fabrics but was most pronounced with dri wick and jersey knit polyester in comparison to cotton knit. Digestive artifacts on any colored fabric, but especially with green and yellow shirt samples, resembled the reported color, size, and morphology of bloodstains generated in laboratory studies on a range of fabrics. Unique digestive artifacts were also detected as small, black, and nearly spherical. These defecatory stains did not appear to wet or wick into any of the fabrics. Digestive artifacts and tarsal tracks differentially interacted with front face stitch loops of clothing fabrics to yield distinct stain patterns. The implications of these observations in reference to bloodstain pattern analysis at crime scenes are discussed.

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Bandyopadhyay, Samir, and Nabanitau Basu. "The Intricacies Involved in the Analysis and Interpretation of Hammer Transfer Stain/s in a Crime Scene." International Journal of Criminology and Sociology 4 (June 11, 2015): 107–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2015.04.11.

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Wu, Bingzhe, Xiaolu Zhang, Shiwan Zhao, Lingxi Xie, Caihong Zeng, Zhihong Liu, and Guangyu Sun. "G2C: A Generator-to-Classifier Framework Integrating Multi-Stained Visual Cues for Pathological Glomerulus Classification." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 33 (July 17, 2019): 1214–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33011214.

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Pathological glomerulus classification plays a key role in the diagnosis of nephropathy. As the difference between different subcategories is subtle, doctors often refer to slides from different staining methods to make decisions. However, creating correspondence across various stains is labor-intensive, bringing major difficulties in collecting data and training a vision-based algorithm to assist nephropathy diagnosis.This paper provides an alternative solution for integrating multi-stained visual cues for glomerulus classification. Our approach, named generator-to-classifier (G2C), is a twostage framework. Given an input image from a specified stain, several generators are first applied to estimate its appearances in other staining methods, and a classifier follows to combine visual cues from different stains for prediction (whether it is pathological, or which type of pathology it has). We optimize these two stages in a joint manner. To provide a reasonable initialization, we pre-train the generators in an unlabeled reference set under an unpaired image-to-image translation task, and then fine-tune them together with the classifier.We conduct experiments on a glomerulus type classification dataset collected by ourselves (there are no publicly available datasets for this purpose). Although joint optimization slightly harms the authenticity of the generated patches, it boosts classification performance, suggesting more effective visual cues are extracted in an automatic way. We also transfer our model to a public dataset for breast cancer classification, and outperform the state-of-the-arts significantly.

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Zhang, Qian, Zhenrong Zheng, Kezhu Mao, Wei Zhi, Lijuan Luo, and Xiaoyuan Pei. "Effects of structural parameters on the thermal insulation properties of coated carbon fiber fabrics." Textile Research Journal 90, no. 13-14 (December 25, 2019): 1549–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517519896759.

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In order to predict the thermal insulation performance of coated carbon fiber fabric, a numerical heat transfer model under high temperature was established. The simulation results were validated by quartz lamp ablation experiment. The experimental values were in agreement with the numerical values, and the average relative error between them was 9.47%. Furthermore, the impact of structural parameters on the thermal insulation of coated carbon fiber fabrics, by using the numerical heat transfer model, was investigated. The results show that thermal insulation for the samples is in the order of plain < 2/1 twill < 3/3 twill < 5/3 stain, when using constant structure density and yarn fineness. Thermal insulation performance of the samples dramatically increases as yarn fineness goes from 3 to 12 K. Furthermore, when the structure density increases to more than 70 ends/10 cm, the thermal insulation property shows an increasing trend.

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Bhojwani, S., H. Alm, H. Torner, W. Kanitz, and R. Poehland. "Selection of developmentally competent oocytes through brilliant cresyl blue stain enhances blastocyst development rate after bovine nuclear transfer." Theriogenology 67, no. 2 (January 2007): 341–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2006.08.006.

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Ke, Dangyang, and Mikal E. Saltveit. "Carbon Dioxide-induced Brown Stain Development as Related to Phenolic Metabolism in Iceberg Lettuce." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 114, no. 5 (September 1989): 789–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.114.5.789.

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Abstract Controlled atmospheres containing air + 11% CO2 caused tissue injury and induced phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL, EC 4.3.1.5) activity in iceberg lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) midrib tissue. Injury symptoms included brown stain (browning of epidermal tissue) and sunken epidermal areas (pitting) a few millimeters in diameter. Pitting occurred in high-CO2 atmospheres at 5C with no increase in phenolic content, but browning did not develop until the tissue had been transferred to air at 25C. Browning developed within several hours of transfer to air and the degree of browning was correlated with the soluble phenolic content. The oxidation of soluble phenolic compounds to brown substances by polyphenol oxidase (PPO, EC 1.10.3.2) could account for tissue browning. Lignification was associated with cell wall thickening in discolored tissue and was accompanied by an increase in ionically bound and soluble peroxidase (POD, EC 1.11.1.7) activities. Exposure of tissue to elevated CO2 increased ionically bound indoleacetic acid (IAA) oxidase activity, but reduced soluble IAA oxidase activity. Application of an aqueous solution of 1.0 mm IAA to the tissue before treatment did not significantly reduce browning. Lettuce tissue exposed to 1.5% O2 + 11% CO2 had reduced PAL activity and lower soluble phenolic content than lettuce exposed to air + 11% CO2. Depending on the sensitivity of the lettuce tissue to CO2 injury, low-O2 atmospheres either reduced or slightly retarded browning induced by 11% CO2.

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Gao, Jin Feng, Qiang Li, and Wei Zhao. "Thermal Stress Analysis for Local Heating Variable Cross-Section Roll Forming." Advanced Materials Research 683 (April 2013): 599–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.683.599.

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This paper makes thermal stress analysis for local heating variable cross-section roll forming with ABAQUS finite element software. On the basis of traditional cold roll forming, local heating variable cross-section roll forming uses laser device to heat the sheet partly and employs ABAQUS to do thermal-mechanical coupling finite element analysis. This paper, adopting sequence thermal-mechanical coupling method, obtains the temperature field with heat transfer analysis step firstly, and then regards the obtained temperature field as known condition and employs static implicit algorithm to do thermal stress analysis, then the stress-strain field is obtained, which will be helpful in forecasting the stress-stain law of the local heating variable cross-section roll forming.

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Khoulita, Ikfi, Asep Rahmatullah, and Sofwan Hadi. "INTEGRATION OF RELIGION AND SCIENCE IN ISLAMIC UNIVERSITIES." Jurnal Pendidikan Islam 10, no. 2 (November 16, 2020): 74–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.38073/jpi.v10i2.611.

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AbstractThe Integration Project of Islam and Science in Indonesia in particular has gained momentum in the last ten years. Several Islamic higher education institutions have transformed themselves from STAIN/IAIN into UIN, a step that some consider scientific ijtihad in integrating science and Islam at Islamic universities. This step of status transfer was also accompanied by the growth of buildings that all looked like “Inpres Primary Schools” in remote areas, into magnificent and modern campuses. Physical development can be said to be successful, because the image of Islamic universities that have transformed into universities is not inferior to other universities, which have long been established and manage various scientific disciplines.

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PANTKE, Morten M., Andreas REIF, Juli G. VALTSCHANOFF, Zhanna SHUTENKO, Armin FREY, Richard J. WEINBERG, Wolfgang PFLEIDERER, and Harald H. H. W. SCHMIDT. "Pterin interactions with distinct reductase activities of NO synthase." Biochemical Journal 356, no. 1 (May 8, 2001): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3560043.

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Besides oxidizing l-arginine, neuronal NO synthase (NOS) NADPH-dependently reduces various electron acceptors, including cytochrome c and tetrazolium salts. The latter NADPH diaphorase reaction is used as a NOS-specific histochemical stain. Both reductase activities have been utilized to analyse electron transfer mechanisms within NOS. Basal l-arginine turnover by homodimeric NOS is enhanced by exogenous tetrahydrobiopterin, and the intra-subunit electron flow may include intermediate trihydrobiopterin. In the present work we have investigated the possible role of the tetrahydrobiopterin binding site of NOS in its reductase activities by examining the effects of anti-pterin type (PHS) NOS inhibitors. Although the type I anti-pterin, PHS-32, which does not affect basal dimeric NOS activity, also had no effect on either reductase activity, the type II anti-pterin, PHS-72, which inhibits basal NOS activity, inhibited both reductase activities and the NADPH diaphorase histochemical stain. Pterin-free NOS monomers catalysed both cytochrome c and tetrazolium salt reduction. Our data suggest that both NOS reductase activities are independent of tetrahydrobiopterin. However, occupation of an exosite near the pterin site in NOS by type II anti-pterins may interfere with the electron flow within the active centre, suggesting that steric perturbation of the pterin binding pocket or reductase interaction contribute to the mechanism of inhibition by this class of NOS inhibitors.

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Gillis, A., K. Counsell, A. Julien, R. Marcec, A. Kouba, and C. Vance. "23 Viability staining techniques for cryopreserved spermatozoa in 3 caudata species." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 31, no. 1 (2019): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv31n1ab23.

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Salamanders are the most threatened vertebrate taxa; thus, conservation-based research including spermatozoa cryopreservation and other assisted reproductive technologies is essential to their survival. To determine the effectiveness of sperm cryopreservation, methods for evaluating sperm quality are necessary but underdeveloped in caudate research. Evaluating motility has been the primary analysis for sperm viability but is difficult to perform due to the scythe-like morphology, slow rotating progression, and minute undulations of the tail membrane. Estimating apoptosis is a new approach to evaluating caudate spermatozoa survival through cryostress. Fluorescent dyes, such as SYBR-14, annexin-V, and propidium iodide (PI), are valuable tools for identifying degrees of cell viability, apoptosis, and necrosis. Annexin-V marks the externalization of phosphatidylserine on the cell membrane indicating early steps in the apoptosis signalling cascade. Compromised membranes allow PI, a nucleic acid stain, access to DNA, marking cellular necrosis. The SYBR-14 is a nucleic acid stain that permeatesssss intact membranes, labelling live cells. These fluorescent stains were assessed for marking viability and stages of cell death in post-thaw spermatozoa across 3 caudate species: the Eastern tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum), Kweichow Emperor newt (Tylototriton kweichowensis), and black-spotted newt (Notophthalmus meridionalis). For each species, spermic urine samples were acquired by hormone treatment and frozen based on protocols developed in A. tigrinum, yielding an average of 18.2% relative motility recovered at thaw. Straws were thawed for 5min at 20°C. Viability was tested by staining 5μL 1:1 with a 1:50 dilution of SYBR-14 and 2μL of PI. Stages of cell death were evaluated by staining 10μL with 2μL of annexin-V and 2μL of PI. Cell viability was assessed immediately under a fluorescence microscope. For each of the 3 species, 2 samples were stained with both assays in triplicate. Sperm stained with SYBR-14 alone were considered viable, and sperm stained with any annexin-V or PI were considered not viable. Visible dynamic shifting from SYBR-14 to PI staining was observed in real time, indicating rapid necrosis. Morphological abnormalities, not observed in unstained samples, were prevalent across all species following staining, signifying a possible cytotoxic effect of the dyes. High mortality and abnormality rates suggest that fluorescent dyes have elevated toxicity and permeability in caudate sperm. Caudate spermic urine has a very low osmolality, implying high permeability, which could lead to rapid staining and toxicity effects. Shorter incubation times may be required for accurate staining. Results may also indicate that cryopreservation protocols need to be species specific and do not transfer well across taxa. This is one of the earliest studies to evaluate the use of fluorescent stain protocols on measuring cell viability in caudate sperm and indicates that further refinement is required.

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Hederstedt, Lars. "Enterococcus faecalis NADH Peroxidase-Defective Mutants Stain Falsely in Colony Zymogram Assay for Extracellular Electron Transfer to Ferric Ions." Microorganisms 11, no. 1 (December 31, 2022): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11010106.

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Enterococcus faecalis cells can reduce ferric ions and other electron acceptors by extracellular electron transfer (EET). To find mutants with enhanced or defective EET, strain OG1RF with random transposon insertions in the chromosome was screened for ferric reductase activity by colony zymogram staining using the chromogenic ferrous-chelating compound Ferrozine. The screen revealed npr, eetB, and ndh3 mutants. The aberrant ferric reductase phenotype of Npr (NADH peroxidase)-defective mutants was found to be a property of colonies and not apparent with washed cells grown in liquid culture. EetB- and Ndh3-defective mutants, in contrast, consistently showed low ferric reductase activity. It is concluded that colony zymogram staining for ferric reductase activity using Ferrozine can be misleading, especially through false negative results. It is suggested that hydrogen peroxide produced in the colony quenches the zymogram staining. In addition, it is demonstrated that the negative effect of heme on EET to ferric ion in E. faecalis is relieved by cytochrome bd deficiency. The findings can help to identify bacteria with EET ability and contribute to our understanding of EET in Gram-positive bacteria and the physiology of E. faecalis.

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Zhang, Wei, Jintao Wu, Jing Xiao, Mingyao Zhu, and Haichuan Yang. "Compatibility and Washing Performance of Compound Protease Detergent." Applied Sciences 12, no. 1 (December 24, 2021): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12010150.

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Protease is the main enzyme of detergent. Through the combination of different proteases and the combination of protease and detergent additives, it can adapt to different washing conditions to improve the washing effect. In this experiment, whiteness determination, microscope scanning, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to detect the whiteness values of the cloth pieces before and after washing, as well as the stain residue between the fibers on the surface of the cloth pieces. The protease detergent formula with better decontamination and anti-deposition effects was selected. The combination of alkaline protease, keratinase, and trypsin was cost-effective in removing stains. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the molecular weight of the protein significantly changed after adding the enzyme preparation during washing, and the molecular weight of the protein was directly proportional to protein redeposition. The composite protease had a better comprehensive decontamination effect, and when compatible with suitable surfactants, anti-redeposition agents, and water-softening agents, the compound protease detergent exhibited a stronger decontamination ability than commercial detergents.

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Conwell, Michael, James S. G. Dooley, and Patrick J. Naughton. "A Novel Biofilm Model System to Visualise Conjugal Transfer of Vancomycin Resistance by Environmental Enterococci." Microorganisms 9, no. 4 (April 9, 2021): 789. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9040789.

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Enterococci and biofilm-associated infections are a growing problem worldwide, given the rise in antibiotic resistance in environmental and clinical settings. The increasing incidence of antibiotic resistance and its propagation potential within enterococcal biofilm is a concern. This requires a deeper understanding of how enterococcal biofilm develops, and how antibiotic resistance transfer takes place in these biofilms. Enterococcal biofilm assays, incorporating the study of antibiotic resistance transfer, require a system which can accommodate non-destructive, real-time experimentation. We adapted a Gene Frame® combined with fluorescence microscopy as a novel non-destructive platform to study the conjugal transfer of vancomycin resistance in an established enterococcal biofilm.A multi-purpose fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) probe, in a novel application, allowed the identification of low copy number mobile elements in the biofilm. Furthermore, a Hoechst stain and ENU 1470 FISH probe identified Enterococcus faecium transconjugants by excluding Enterococcus faecalis MF06036 donors. Biofilm created with a rifampicin resistant E. faecalis (MW01105Rif) recipient had a transfer efficiency of 2.01 × 10−3; double that of the biofilm primarily created by the donor (E. faecalis MF06036). Conjugation in the mixed enterococcal biofilm was triple the efficiency of donor biofilm. Double antibiotic treatment plus lysozyme combined with live/dead imaging provided fluorescent micrographs identifying de novo enterococcal vancomycin resistant transconjugants inside the biofilm. This is a model system for the further study of antibiotic resistance transfer events in enterococci. Biofilms promote the survival of enterococci and reduce the effectiveness of drug treatment in clinical settings, hence giving enterococci an advantage. Enterococci growing in biofilms exchange traits by means of horizontal gene transfer, but currently available models make study difficult. This work goes some way to providing a non-destructive, molecular imaging-based model system for the detection of antibiotic resistance gene transfer in enterococci.

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Suripto and Chalida Alfani. "Identification of Pathogenic Bacteria in Traditional Packaged Donuts at Ampenan Market Using Xylose Lysine Deoxychoalate (XLD) Media." Jurnal Pengabdian Magister Pendidikan IPA 5, no. 2 (June 29, 2022): 313–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jpmpi.v5i2.1835.

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Snacks in traditional packaging are a type of food favored by the community. However, not a few buyers and sellers are not aware of the importance of cleanliness of these favorite foods from contamination with pathogenic bacteria that can cause illness for people who eat them. Many of them also do not know and are skilled at checking whether the food is clean from germs or not. This study aims to transfer knowledge and skills to identify bacteria in donuts in Ampenan Market using xylose lysine deoxychoalate (XLD) media. Samples of donut snacks in traditional packaging were taken from the Ampenan market in Mataram City and then examined for the content of pathogenic bacteria in the laboratory at The Mataram Laboratory Hall for Health, Testing and Calibration. The examination began with the isolation of bacteria from the sample on Selenit Broth Media in 24 hours incubation at 350C then continued with the isolation of Salmonella on selective agar media, namely XLD. The results of the isolation were examined and identified by Gram staining and bio-chemical assayt of control sugar and Salmonella suspect, oxidase and catalase tests. The results showed that Selenit Broth media could multiply and repair Salmonella cells and XLD media could separate it from other bacteria in the Gram stain. Gram stain, biochemical test, oxidase test and catalase test showed the presence of Gram negatif bacteria which was confirmed as Salmonella in the sample.

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PARKER, NIKOLA A., THOMAS L. BAILEY, JOHN M. BOWEN, WILLIAM B. LEY, BEVERLY J. PURSWELL, and JOHN J. DASCANIO. "In Vitro and Xenogenous Capacitation‐Like Changes of Fresh, Cooled, and Cryopreserved Stallion Sperm as Assessed by a Chlortetracycline Stain." Journal of Andrology 21, no. 1 (January 2, 2000): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1939-4640.2000.tb03274.x.

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Abstract: Like the human female, the mare experiences reproductive tract pathology that may sometimes be circumvented by the use of assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs). One such technology, gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT), may be used in mares that exhibit ovulatory, oviductal, or uterine abnormalities that limit the use of common ARTs, such as embryo transfer. Homologous GIFT has been successfully performed in the horse; however, the logistics, costs, and associated risks of surgically transferring gametes to the oviducts of a recipient mare are considerably high. Use of a less costly species in a heterologous or xenogenous procedure would therefore be beneficial. This study represents the preliminary investigation into the use of sheep as recipients for xenogenous GIFT procedures using equine gametes. We investigated the capacitation response of fresh, cooled, or frozen stallion sperm after 1) in vivo incubation in the reproductive tract of estrous and anestrous ewes as well as 2) in vitro incubation in a modified Krebs/ Ringer extender at 37°C with and without the addition of heparin at 10 IU/mL for up to 8 hours. A chlortetracycline (CTC) fluorescent stain was used to assess the capacitation response of sperm. Findings indicated that oviductal fluid samples recovered from estrous ewes had significantly higher numbers of sperm exhibiting capacitation‐like staining patterns when compared to samples recovered from anestrous ewes (P < .05). Fresh semen yielded higher capacitation‐like staining patterns after in vivo incubation than did frozen‐thawed or cooled samples. A transition from majority CTC unreacted sperm to majority CTC non—acrosome intact sperm was demonstrated for both in vivo and in vitro studies. In vitro incubation of stallion sperm with heparin did not result in an increased capacitation‐like staining response over time when compared with nonheparinized samples. Results from this study suggest that xenogenous capacitation of stallion sperm may occur in the estrous ewe.

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Wang, Ji Ping. "Sustainability Trends in Home Laundry: Challenges and Opportunities for Textile Chemists." Advanced Materials Research 441 (January 2012): 778. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.441.778.

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Considering a life cycle of consumer apparel, the largest energy consumption is not in fiber production, not in fabric manufacturing and even not in textile wet processing such as dyeing/finishing. It is in home laundry. Making home laundry more sustainable has become a common goal for laundry industry, appliance industry, government agency and consumers. Four mega trends in home laundry resulted from energy saving and sustainability efforts are: a) lower washing temperature, b) less water usage, c) less petroleum chemicals and d) more mechanical actions. These trends are fundamentally changing the landscape of consumer apparel performance in home laundry such as wrinkle formation, color fastness, dye transfer stain removal, soil re-deposition, whiteness maintenance and many more. These trends not only provide textile chemists with challenges, but also opportunities for textile innovations.

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Kushida, Tsuyuka, Haruyuki Iijima, Hiroshi Kushida, and Chusei Tsuruta. "En bloc staining available for stereoscopic observation of epoxy resin Quetol 651-embedded thick sections under a 300 kV TEM." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 3 (August 12, 1990): 740–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100161266.

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A staining method has been devised for easy en bloc staining for stereoscopic observation of epoxy resin Quetol 651-embedded thick sections under a 300 kV transmission microscope (TEM). In order to enhance staining properties in thick section, osmium tetroxide-fixed tissue blocks are stained only en bloc, since the images of both sides in thick section give high contrast and the image of an intermediate layer shows low contrast by double staining.This method uses carbohydrazide (Polysciences, Inc., U.S.A.) as osmium bridging agent, and both osmium tetroxide and uranyl acetate as electron staining agents.The following procedure is suitable for en bloc staining. 1.Fix small tissue blocks in 2% cacodylate-buffered osmium tetroxide (pH 7.4) for 3 hours at 4°C.2.Wash well in buffer for 1 hour.3.Transfer in 1% aqueous carbohydrazide for 2 hours at room temperature.4.Wash well in distilled water for 1 hour.5.Stain in 1% aqueous osmium tetroxide for 2 hours at room temperature.6.Wash well in distilled water for 1 hour.7.Dehydrate in 50% alcohol for 1 hour.8.Stain in a 2.5% solution of uranyl acetate in 50% alcohol for 3 hours at room temperature.9.Wash in 50% alcohol for 1 hour.10.Dehydrate with 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% and 100% (2 changes) alcohols for 30 minutes each.11.Embed in a mixture of Quetol 651 (Nissin EM Co., Ltd., Japan), nonenyl succinic anhydride, methyl nadic anhydride and DMP-30 according to the method of Kushida et al.

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Backman, Agneta, Ninwe Maraha, and Janet K. Jansson. "Impact of Temperature on the Physiological Status of a Potential Bioremediation Inoculant, Arthrobacter chlorophenolicus A6." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 5 (May 2004): 2952–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.5.2952-2958.2004.

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ABSTRACT Arthrobacter chlorophenolicus A6 (A6) can degrade large amounts of 4-chlorophenol in soil at 5 and 28°C. In this study, we investigated the effects of temperature on the physiological status of this bacterium in pure culture and in soil. A derivative of A6 tagged with the gfp gene (encoding green fluorescent protein [GFP]) was used to specifically quantify A6 cells in soil. In addition, cyano-ditolyl-tetrazoliumchloride was used to stain GFP-fluorescent cells with an active electron transfer system (“viable cells”) whereas propidium iodide (PI) was used to stain cells with damaged membranes (“dead cells”). Another derivative of the strain (tagged with the firefly luciferase gene [luc]) was used to monitor the metabolic activity of the cell population, since the bioluminescence phenotype is dependent on cellular energy reserves. When the cells were incubated in soil at 28°C, the majority were stained with PI, indicating that they had lost their cell integrity. In addition, there was a corresponding decline in metabolic activity and in the ability to be grown in cultures on agar plates after incubation in soil at 28°C, indicating that the cells were dying under those conditions. When the cells were incubated in soil at 5°C, by contrast, the majority of the cells remained intact and a large fraction of the population remained metabolically active. A similar trend towards better cell survival at lower temperatures was found in pure-culture experiments. These results make A. chlorophenolicus A6 a good candidate for the treatment of chlorophenol-contaminated soil in cold climates.

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Eckert, Linda O., Donald E. Moore, Dorothy L. Patton, Kathy J. Agnew, and David A. Eschenbach. "Relationship of Vaginal Bacteria and Inflammation With Conception and Early Pregnancy Loss FollowingIn-VitroFertilization." Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology 11, no. 1 (2003): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1064744903000024.

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Objective:The aim of this study was investigate the impact of vaginal flora and vaginal inflammation on conception and early pregnancy loss followingin-vitrofertilization (IVF).Methods:We enrolled 91 women who were undergoing IVF. At embryo transfer (ET), all of the women had quantitative vaginal culture, ET catheter-tip culture, and vaginal Gram stain scored for bacterial vaginosis and quantitated for polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). Conception and early pregnancy loss were compared with culture and Gram stain results. Statistical analyses included the Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test and the Mann–WhitneyU-test.Results:The overall live birth rate (LBR) was 30% (27/91), and the rate of early pregnancy loss was 34% (14/41). In women with bacterial vaginosis, intermediate flora and normal flora, the conception rates were 30% (3/10), 39% (12/31) and 52% (26/50), respectively (p= 0.06 for trend). Early pregnancy loss occurred in 33% (1/3), 42% (5/12) and 31% (8/26) of women, respectively (p= 0.06, comparing intermediate and normal flora). The vaginal log concentration of hydrogen peroxide-producing lactobacilli was 7.3 ± 1.7 in women with a live birth (n= 27) and 4.9 ± 2.5 in those with early pregnancy loss (n= 14) (p= 0.1).Conclusions:IVF patients with bacterial vaginosis and with a decreased vaginal log concentration of hydrogen peroxide-producing lactobacilli may have decreased conception rates and increased rates of early pregnancy loss. A larger prospective treatment trial designed to evaluate the impact on IVF outcomes of optimizing the vaginal flora prior to IVF may be warranted.

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GRANADA, MARISOL DE LA FUENTE, IRIS CITLALLI ESTRADA-PARRA, ROMMEL CHACON-SALINAS, SERGIO ANTONIO ESTRADA-PARRA, and SONIA MAYRA PEREZ-TAPIA. "Analysis of lymphocyte subpopulations stimulated in vitro with human dialyzable leukocyte extracts (DLE) (49.33)." Journal of Immunology 178, no. 1_Supplement (April 1, 2007): S89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.178.supp.49.33.

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Abstract Dialyzable leukocyte extracts (DLE) are obtained from freezed-thawed buffy coats and subsequent dialysis ( <12 KDa). They can transfer cellular immune response from an immune donor to a naïve recipient. DLE have been used as immunomodulators for the last 50 years with good results. Until now little research has been done regarding their mechanism of action. The aim of this work was to analyze, using flow cytometry, if in vitro stimulation of PBMC with a range of DLE concentrations (50 microg, 50 ng, 50 pg, 50fg and 50ag) induced proliferation or activation of different lymphocyte subpopulations. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were purified using a density gradient and viability was assessed using trypan blue exclusion stain. CFSE stain was performed to measure proliferation of CD3+/CD4+ (Th), CD3+/CD8+ (Tc), CD19+ (B) and CD56+ (NK) cells after 24, 48 and 72h. CD69 expression was measured on the same cell subpopulations after 3, 6, 24 and 48 h. Controls included PMA+ionomicin and non stimulated cells. Results showed that DLE increased CD69 expression only in the Th (CD3+/CD4+) population (50 microg, 50 ng, 50 pg). This subpopulation also proliferate more in comparison with Tc, B or NK cells. Next experiments will analyze if these cells that activated and proliferate upon DLE stimulation express other markes, such as CD25 and Foxp3. Our results may explain in part the immunomodulatory effects that these extracts have. This work was supported in part by SIP/IPN. 1Are fellows of COFAA, EDI and SNI.

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Zhang, Yuming, Zhongyuan Gao, Chao Zhi, Mengqi Chen, Youyong Zhou, Shuai Wang, Sida Fu, and Lingjie Yu. "A novel defect generation model based on two-stage GAN." e-Polymers 22, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 793–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2022-0071.

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Abstract The fabric defect models based on deep learning often demand numerous training samples to achieve high accuracy. However, obtaining a complete dataset containing all possible fabric textures and defects is a big challenge due to the sophisticated and various fabric textures and defect forms. This study created a two-stage deep pix2pixGAN network called Dual Deep pix2pixGAN Network (DPGAN) to address the above problem. The defect generation model was trained based on the DPGAN network to automatically “transfer” defects from defected fabric images to clean, defect-free fabric images, thus strengthening the training data. To evaluate the effectiveness of the defect generation model, extensive comparative experiments were conducted to assess the performance of the fabric defect detection before and after data enhancement. The results indicate that the detection accuracy was improved regarding the belt_yarn, hole, and stain defect.

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Dai, Hong-Liang, and Yan-Ni Rao. "Nonlinear dynamic behavior of a long temperature-dependent FGM hollow cylinder subjected to thermal shocking." Science and Engineering of Composite Materials 21, no. 2 (March 1, 2014): 267–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/secm-2012-0072.

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AbstractIn this paper, the nonlinear dynamic behavior of a long hollow cylinder consisting of temperature-dependent functionally graded material (FGM) subjected to thermal shocking is investigated. Material parameters of the FGM hollow cylinder, except the Poisson’s ratio, are assumed to be graded continuously through the thickness according to the power law expressions, and they are assumed to be temperature dependent. The governing equation of the motion of the FGM hollow cylinder is obtained based on the plane-stain theory and together with the governing equation of the transient heat transfer problem is solved by the finite difference method, Newmark method, and iterative method. Numerical examples are carried out in which the Si3N4-SUS304 FGM hollow cylinders are considered, and some valuable dynamic thermoelastic characteristics of the FGM hollow cylinder subjected to symmetric or asymmetric thermal shocking are revealed.

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Al-Darawsha, Talal Z., Nurten Dayioglu, Bushra R. Al-Azzawi, and Tulay Irez. "Can the Prediction of Intrauterine Insemination Results by Used Aniline Blue Stain (ABS) and Sperm Chromatin Dispersion (SCD) Levels?" Advances in Reproductive Sciences 11, no. 01 (2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/arsci.2023.111001.

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Gautam, Bhaskarchand, and Hsiao-hua Yu. "Self-Cleaning Cotton Obtained after Grafting Thermoresponsive Poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) through Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization." Polymers 12, no. 12 (December 5, 2020): 2920. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12122920.

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Abstract:

Although the performance of smart textiles would be enhanced if they could display self-cleaning ability toward various kinds of contamination, the procedures that have been used previously to impart the self-cleaning potential to these functional fabrics (solvent casting, dip coating, spin coating, surface crosslinking) have typically been expensive and/or limited by uncontrollable polymer thicknesses and morphologies. In this paper, we demonstrate the use of atomic transfer radical polymerization for the surface-initiated grafting of poly(N-vinylcaprolactam), a thermoresponsive polymer, onto cotton. We confirmed the thermoresponsiveness and reusability of the resulting fabric through water contact angle measurements and various surface characterization techniques (scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy). Finally, we validated the self-cleaning performance of the fabric by washing away an immobilized fluorescent protein in deionized water under thermal stimulus. Fluorescence micrographs revealed that, after the fifth wash cycle, the fabric surface had undergone efficient self-cleaning of the stain, making it an effective self-cleaning material. This approach appears to have potential for application in the fields of smart textiles, responsive substrates, and functional fabrics.

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Mahoney, C. W., and A. Azzi. "The synthesis of fluorescent chlorotriazinylaminofluorescein-concanavalin A and its use as a glycoprotein stain on sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gels." Biochemical Journal 243, no. 2 (April 15, 1987): 569–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2430569.

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Abstract:

Concanavalin A, a specific glycoprotein probe, was optimally labelled to a maximum stoichiometry of 0.4 mol of chlorotriazinylaminofluorescein (CTAF)/mol of concanavalin A monomer under mild reaction conditions (pH 8.0, 6 h), and under these conditions the CTAF concanavalin A preparation retains its carbohydrate-binding ability and is able to penetrate SDS/7.5-15%-polyacrylamide gradient gels. CTAF-concanavalin A gives fluorescent bands for the glycoproteins transferrin, fetuin and deoxyribonuclease and shows no fluorescent response for the non-glycoproteins bovine serum albumin and soya-bean trypsin inhibitor. The detection limit of sensitivity for CTAF-concanavalin A, which is similar to that of fluorescein isothiocyanate-concanavalin A, is in the range 5-25 micrograms of glycoprotein. CTAF-concanavalin A is a suitable probe for the detection of glycoproteins in higher-percentage (greater than or equal to 10%) SDS/polyacrylamide gels, and will probably have other applications in, for example, fluorescent energy transfer and other structure-function studies.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Stain transfer'

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