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Academic literature on the topic 'Stack models'

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Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Stack models"

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Zhou, Wei, Haoran Li, Shiya Wen, Lijuan Xie, Ting Wang, Yongzhong Tian, and Wenping Yu. "Simulation of Soil Organic Carbon Content Based on Laboratory Spectrum in the Three-Rivers Source Region of China." Remote Sensing 14, no. 6 (March 21, 2022): 1521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14061521.

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Soil organic carbon (SOC) changes affect the land carbon cycle and are also closely related to climate change. Visible-near infrared spectroscopy (Vis-NIRS) has proven to be an effective tool in predicting soil properties. Spectral transformations are necessary to reduce noise and ensemble learning methods can improve the estimation accuracy of SOC. Yet, it is still unclear which is the optimal ensemble learning method exploiting the results of spectral transformations to accurately simulate SOC content changes in the Three-Rivers Source Region of China. In this study, 272 soil samples were collected and used to build the Vis-NIRS simulation models for SOC content. The ensemble learning was conducted by the building of stack models. Sixteen combinations were produced by eight spectral transformations (S-G, LR, MSC, CR, FD, LRFD, MSCFD and CRFD) and two machine learning models of RF and XGBoost. Then, the prediction results of these 16 combinations were used to build the first-step stack models (Stack1, Stack2, Stack3). The next-step stack models (Stack4, Stack5, Stack6) were then made after the input variables were optimized based on the threshold of the feature importance of the first-step stack models (importance > 0.05). The results in this study showed that the stack models method obtained higher accuracy than the single model and transformations method. Among the six stack models, Stack 6 (5 selected combinations + XGBoost) showed the best simulation performance (RMSE = 7.3511, R2 = 0.8963, and RPD = 3.0139, RPIQ = 3.339), and obtained higher accuracy than Stack3 (16 combinations + XGBoost). Overall, our results suggested that the ensemble learning of spectral transformations and simulation models can improve the estimation accuracy of the SOC content. This study can provide useful suggestions for the high-precision estimation of SOC in the alpine ecosystem.
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Wu, Chien-Chang, and Tsung-Lin Chen. "Dynamic Modeling of a Parallel-Connected Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Stack System." Energies 13, no. 2 (January 20, 2020): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13020501.

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This study proposes novel simulation methods to model the power delivery function of a parallel-connected solid-oxide-fuel-cell stack system. The proposed methods are then used to investigate the possible thermal runaway induced by the performance mismatch between the employed stacks. A challenge in this modeling study is to achieve the same output voltage but different output current for each employed stack. Conventional fuel-cell models cannot be used, because they employ fuel flow rates and stack currents as the input variables. These two variables are unknown in the parallel-connected stack systems. The proposed method solves the aforementioned problems by integrating the fuel supply dynamics with the conventional stack models and then arranging them in a multiple-feedback-loop configuration for conducting simulations. The simulation results indicate that the proposed methods can model the transient response of the parallel-connected stack system. Moreover, for the dynamics of the power distribution, there exists an unstable positive feedback loop between employed stacks when the stack temperatures are low, and a stable negative feedback loop when the stack temperatures are high. A thermal runaway could be initiated when the dynamics of the stack temperature is slower than that of the current distribution.
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Raju, S. M. Taslim Uddin, Amlan Sarker, Apurba Das, Md Milon Islam, Mabrook S. Al-Rakhami, Atif M. Al-Amri, Tasniah Mohiuddin, and Fahad R. Albogamy. "An Approach for Demand Forecasting in Steel Industries Using Ensemble Learning." Complexity 2022 (February 25, 2022): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9928836.

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This paper aims to introduce a robust framework for forecasting demand, including data preprocessing, data transformation and standardization, feature selection, cross-validation, and regression ensemble framework. Bagging (random forest regression (RFR)), boosting (gradient boosting regression (GBR) and extreme gradient boosting regression (XGBR)), and stacking (STACK) are employed as ensemble models. Different machine learning (ML) approaches, including support vector regression (SVR), extreme learning machine (ELM), and multilayer perceptron neural network (MLP), are adopted as reference models. In order to maximize the determination coefficient ( R 2 ) value and reduce the root mean square error (RMSE), hyperparameters are set using the grid search method. Using a steel industry dataset, all tests are carried out under identical experimental conditions. In this context, STACK1 (ELM + GBR + XGBR-SVR) and STACK2 (ELM + GBR + XGBR-LASSO) models provided better performance than other models. The highest accuracies of R2 of 0.97 and 0.97 are obtained using STACK1 and STACK2, respectively. Moreover, the rank according to performances is STACK1, STACK2, XGBR, GBR, RFR, MLP, ELM, and SVR. As it improves the performance of models and reduces the risk of decision-making, the ensemble method can be used to forecast the demand in a steel industry one month ahead.
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Ma, Zhiwen, Ramki Venkataraman, and Mohammad Farooque. "Study of the Gas Flow Distribution and Heat Transfer for Externally Manifolded Fuel Cell Stack Module Using Computational Fluid Dynamics Method." Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology 1, no. 1 (June 28, 2004): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1794155.

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Uniform gas flow distribution in a fuel cell system is desired to attain maximum power operation potential. Two types of manifold systems are often used in fuel cell stacks; they are internal manifold system and external manifold system. This paper presents the modeling approach using the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method in analyzing fluid flow and heat transfer for the external manifold fuel cell stacks and stack module design. Computational models based on a Megawatt carbonate fuel cell stack module have been developed for investigating the fuel and oxidant flow distributions through the external manifold systems. This paper presents the modeling approaches and flow and temperature distribution results for externally manifolded fuel cell stack and stack module.
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Akal, D., K. Kahveci, and A. Cihan. "Mathematical Modelling of Drying of Rough Rice in Stacks." Food Science and Technology International 13, no. 6 (December 2007): 437–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1082013207087814.

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In this study, drying behaviour of rough rice stacks up to 30 cm is simulated with several models. The suitability of models is determined by the statistical analysis by examining the values of correlation coefficient, standard deviation and mean squared deviation. The results showed that the best model to explain the drying characteristics of rough rice stack is the Midilli et al. model and the coefficients and exponent in the Midilli et al. model could be expressed as functions of drying temperatures and stack height. Statistical analyses also showed that among the models with two coefficients, that of Page, and among the models with three coefficients, that of Verma et al. and diffusion approach were acceptable models in expressing the drying behaviour of rough rice in stacks. Among the models considered here, the geometric model appeared to be the worst fit.
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Mulyazmi, Wan Ramli Wan Daud, and Edy Herianto Majlan. "Design Models of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell System." Key Engineering Materials 447-448 (September 2010): 554–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.447-448.554.

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One important aspect to develop fuel cell design is to use the concept of computational models. Mathematical modeling can be used to help research complex, estimates the optimal performance of fuel cells stack, compare several different processes, save costs and time in the investigation. This paper focuses on several reviews of research models to develop the system design of the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). Purposes of this study are to determine the factors that affect system performance include: stack of PEMFC system, water management system and Supply of reactants to the PEMFC stack.
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FIORENZA, DOMENICO, CHRISTOPHER L. ROGERS, and URS SCHREIBER. "A HIGHER CHERN–WEIL DERIVATION OF AKSZ σ-MODELS." International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 10, no. 01 (November 15, 2012): 1250078. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887812500788.

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Chern–Weil theory provides for each invariant polynomial on a Lie algebra 𝔤 a map from 𝔤-connections to differential cocycles whose volume holonomy is the corresponding Chern–Simons theory action functional. Kotov and Strobl have observed that this naturally generalizes from Lie algebras to dg-manifolds and to dg-bundles and that the Chern–Simons action functional associated this way to an n-symplectic manifold is the action functional of the AKSZ σ-model whose target space is the given n-symplectic manifold (examples of this are the Poisson σ-model or the Courant σ-model, including ordinary Chern–Simons theory, or higher-dimensional Abelian Chern–Simons theory). Here we show how, within the framework of the higher Chern–Weil theory in smooth ∞-groupoids, this result can be naturally recovered and enhanced to a morphism of higher stacks, the same way as ordinary Chern–Simons theory is enhanced to a morphism from the stack of principal G-bundles with connections to the 3-stack of line 3-bundles with connections.
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Ibarra, Oscar H., and Ian McQuillan. "Generalizations of Checking Stack Automata: Characterizations and Hierarchies." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 32, no. 05 (April 23, 2021): 481–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054121410045.

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We examine different generalizations of checking stack automata by allowing multiple input heads and multiple stacks, and characterize their computing power in terms of two-way multi-head finite automata and space-bounded Turing machines. For various models, we obtain hierarchies in terms of their computing power. Our characterizations and hierarchies expand or tighten some previously known results. We also discuss some decidability questions and the space/time complexity of the models.
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Kobayashi, M., and M. H. MacDougall. "The stack growth function: cache line reference models." IEEE Transactions on Computers 38, no. 6 (June 1989): 798–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/12.24288.

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Li, Yang, Xing Shen, Xiping Kou, and Li Yu. "Design, experiment, and verification of a heating and insulation structure for the piezoelectric stack." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 31, no. 5 (January 10, 2020): 719–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x19898260.

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In the low-temperature environment, temperature reduction affects the properties and actuation performance of the piezoelectric stack. To solve this problem, a practical and effective heating and insulation structure, based on the working characteristics of the piezoelectric stack, is proposed in this article. Thermal conductivity models of the piezoelectric stack under two heating modes—whole heating and local heating—are developed and validated by finite element simulation analysis. The heating and insulation structure has been built according to the theoretical model, and the experimental test is conducted to measure the temperature and property variation of the piezoelectric stack, as well as its actuation performance with ambient temperature drop. The experimental results show that the theoretical and simulation results are consistent with the experimental results, as the maximum temperature difference between them is 4.3°C, which indicates the correctness and accuracy of the theoretical and finite element models. Besides, the properties and the actuation performance are almost unchanged within the range from 10°C to −70°C, which verifies the effectiveness and feasibility of the heating and insulation structure. Consequently, this structure can be redesigned according to the principles proposed in this article, and widely used in protecting piezoelectric stacks of different sizes and low-temperature environments; the application range of the piezoelectric stack can also be extended to lower temperatures.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Stack models"

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Coogle, John J. "Applying Hierarchical Tag-Topic Models to Stack Overflow." VCU Scholars Compass, 2019. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5713.

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Stack Overflow is a question and answer site for programming questions. It has become one of the most widely used resources for programmers, with many programmers accessing the site multiple times per day. A threat to the continued success of Stack Overflow is the ability to efficiently search the site. Existing research suggests that the inability to find certain questions results inunanswered questions, long delays in answering questions, or questions which are unable to be found by future visitors to the site. Further research suggests that questions with poor tag quality are particularly vulnerable to these issues.In this thesis, two approaches are considered for improving tag quality and search efficiency: automatic tag recommendations for question authors, and organizing the existing set of tags in a hierarchy from general to specific for Stack Overflow readers. A hierarchical organization is proposed for it's ability to assist exploratory searches of the site.L2H, a hierarchical tag topic model, is a particularly interesting solution to these approaches because it can address both approaches with the same model. L2H is evaluated in detail on several proposed evaluation criteria to gauge it's fitness for addressing these search challenges on Stack Overflow.
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Øvstegård, Øyvind Aunan. "Global Optimization and Inital Models In Seismic Pre-Stack Inversion." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for petroleumsteknologi og anvendt geofysikk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-19300.

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Abstract Pre stack inversion of seismic data consists of numerous difficulties. Two of the problems of greatest concern are the problems of non-uniqueness and non-linearity of the inversion. There may exist several solutions to any given inversion problem, and to be able to choose the correct solution we are dependent on a priori information. This thesis will explain how a priori information can be implemented with the seismic data using Bayesian modeling and fractal based initial methods in order to obtain the most likely solution for the inversion. This thesis will also explain the theory behind global optimization routines, such as the random walk Monte Carlo, the Metropolis algorithm and Simulated Annealing. A Simulated Annealing routine has been made, and this is used to solve optimization problems. The routine is analyzed for its capability of finding global optimums and the requirements for its success. It is then implemented to simulate the inversion of a seismic dataset. The solutions of the inverted data is then analyzed and compared to the actual solution. This is done for an uncontaminated dataset, and for a dataset containing noise. The work has shown that Simulated Annealing can be a good method for finding a global optimum, but that the global optimization routine is unable to produce good results without good constraints and a good initial model, due to the problem of non-uniqueness.
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Pommellet, Adrien. "On model-checking pushdown systems models." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC207/document.

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Cette thèse introduit différentes méthodes de vérification (ou model-checking) sur des modèles de systèmes à pile. En effet, les systèmes à pile (pushdown systems) modélisent naturellement les programmes séquentiels grâce à une pile infinie qui peut simuler la pile d'appel du logiciel. La première partie de cette thèse se concentre sur la vérification sur des systèmes à pile de la logique HyperLTL, qui enrichit la logique temporelle LTL de quantificateurs universels et existentiels sur des variables de chemin. Il a été prouvé que le problème de la vérification de la logique HyperLTL sur des systèmes d'états finis est décidable ; nous montrons que ce problème est en revanche indécidable pour les systèmes à pile ainsi que pour la sous-classe des systèmes à pile visibles (visibly pushdown systems). Nous introduisons donc des algorithmes d'approximation de ce problème, que nous appliquons ensuite à la vérification de politiques de sécurité. Dans la seconde partie de cette thèse, dans la mesure où la représentation de la pile d'appel par les systèmes à pile est approximative, nous introduisons les systèmes à surpile (pushdown systems with an upper stack) ; dans ce modèle, les symboles retirés de la pile d'appel persistent dans la zone mémoire au dessus du pointeur de pile, et peuvent être plus tard écrasés par des appels sur la pile. Nous montrons que les ensembles de successeurs post* et de prédécesseurs pre* d'un ensemble régulier de configurations ne sont pas réguliers pour ce modèle, mais que post* est toutefois contextuel (context-sensitive), et que l'on peut ainsi décider de l'accessibilité d'une configuration. Nous introduisons donc des algorithmes de sur-approximation de post* et de sous-approximation de pre*, que nous appliquons à la détection de débordements de pile et de manipulations nuisibles du pointeur de pile. Enfin, dans le but d'analyser des programmes avec plusieurs fils d'exécution, nous introduisons le modèle des réseaux à piles dynamiques synchronisés (synchronized dynamic pushdown networks), que l'on peut voir comme un réseau de systèmes à pile capables d'effectuer des changements d'états synchronisés, de créer de nouveaux systèmes à piles, et d'effectuer des actions internes sur leur pile. Le problème de l'accessibilité étant naturellement indécidable pour un tel modèle, nous calculons une abstraction des chemins d'exécutions entre deux ensembles réguliers de configurations. Nous appliquons ensuite cette méthode à un processus itératif de raffinement des abstractions
In this thesis, we propose different model-checking techniques for pushdown system models. Pushdown systems (PDSs) are indeed known to be a natural model for sequential programs, as they feature an unbounded stack that can simulate the assembly stack of an actual program. Our first contribution consists in model-checking the logic HyperLTL that adds existential and universal quantifiers on path variables to LTL against pushdown systems (PDSs). The model-checking problem of HyperLTL has been shown to be decidable for finite state systems. We prove that this result does not hold for pushdown systems nor for the subclass of visibly pushdown systems. Therefore, we introduce approximation algorithms for the model-checking problem, and show how these can be used to check security policies. In the second part of this thesis, as pushdown systems can fail to accurately represent the way an assembly stack actually operates, we introduce pushdown systems with an upper stack (UPDSs), a model where symbols popped from the stack are not destroyed but instead remain just above its top, and may be overwritten by later push rules. We prove that the sets of successors post* and predecessors pre* of a regular set of configurations of such a system are not always regular, but that post* is context-sensitive, hence, we can decide whether a single configuration is forward reachable or not. We then present methods to overapproximate post* and under-approximate pre*. Finally, we show how these approximations can be used to detect stack overflows and stack pointer manipulations with malicious intent. Finally, in order to analyse multi-threaded programs, we introduce in this thesis a model called synchronized dynamic pushdown networks (SDPNs) that can be seen as a network of pushdown processes executing synchronized transitions, spawning new pushdown processes, and performing internal pushdown actions. The reachability problem for this model is obviously undecidable. Therefore, we compute an abstraction of the execution paths between two regular sets of configurations. We then apply this abstraction framework to a iterative abstraction refinement scheme
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Nawaz, Usman Shah. "Acoustic and Elastic Impedance Models of Gullfaks Field by Post-Stack Seismic Inversion." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for petroleumsteknologi og anvendt geofysikk, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-23738.

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Gullfaks is one of the major hydrocarbon producing fields in the Norwegian continental shelf. This field has a quite complex geology which makes routine seismic interpretation a challenging task for understanding the reservoir properties such as lithology and fluid content. Post-stack seismic inversion has proven to be a reliable tool for detailed understanding of the reservoir especially for lithological identification. In this study, post-stack seismic inversion method was used on acoustic and elastic impedance models to build an inverted impedance model. For this purpose, three horizons were interpreted from the reservoir zone to determine geological inputs for the model. Check shot survey was used to build synthetic traces which were then tied to the real seismic data. Two initial impedance models were then build i.e. acoustic initial impedance model and elastic initial model at zero degree angles. Four different inversion algorithms were applied to invert the initial models and their results were compared. The inverted models showed high vertical resolution with high signal to noise ratio, giving an excellent visualization of the reservoir zone.
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Marra, Dario. "Development of solid oxide fuel cell stack models for monitoring, diagnosis and control applications." Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10556/1014.

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2011 - 2012
In the present thesis different SOFC stack models have been presented. The results shown were obtained in the general framework of the GENIUS project (GEneric diagNosis Instrument for SOFC systems), funded by the European Union (grant agreement n° 245128). The objective of the project is to develop “generic” diagnostic tools and methodologies for SOFC systems. The “generic” term refers to the flexibility of diagnosis tools to be adapted to different SOFC systems. In order to achieve the target of the project and to develop stack models suitable for monitoring, control and diagnosis applications for SOFC systems, different modeling approaches have been proposed. Particular attention was given to their implementability into computational tools for on-board use. In this thesis one-dimensional (1-D), grey-box and blackbox stack models, both stationary and dynamic were developed. The models were validated with experimental data provided by European partners in the frame of the GENIUS project. A 1-D stationary model of a planar SOFC in co-flow and counter-flow configurations was presented. The model was developed starting from a 1- D model proposed by the University of Salerno for co-flow configuration (Sorrentino, 2006). The model was cross-validated with similar models developed by the University of Genoa and by the institute VTT. The crossvalidation results underlined the suitability of the 1-D model developed. A possible application of the 1-D model for the estimation of stack degradation was presented. The results confirmed the possibility to implement such a model for fault detection. A lumped gray-box model for the simulation of TOPSOE stack thermal dynamics was developed for the SOFC stack of TOPSOE, whose experimental data were made available in the frame of the GENIUS project. Particular attention was given to the problem of heat flows between stack and surrounding and a dedicated model was proposed. The black-box approach followed for the implementation of the heat flows and its reliability and accuracy was shown to be satisfactory for the purpose of its applications. The procedure adopted turned out to be fast and applicable to other SOFC stacks with different geometries and materials. The good results obtained and the limited calculation time make this model suitable for implementation in diagnostic tools. Another field of application is that of virtual sensors for stack temperature control. Black-box models for SOFC stack were also developed. In particular, a stationary Neural Network for the simulation of the HEXIS stack voltage was developed. The analyzed system was a 5-cells stack operated up to 10 thousand hours at constant load. The neural network exhibited very good prediction accuracy, even for systems with different technology from the one used for training the model. Beyond showing excellent prediction capabilities, the NN ensured high accuracy in well reproducing evolution of degradation in SOFC stacks, especially thanks to the inclusion of time among model inputs. Moreover, a Recurrent Neural Network for dynamic simulation of TOPSOE stack voltage and a similar one for a short stack built by HTc and tested by VTT were developed. The stacks analyzed were: a planar co-flow SOFC stack (TOPSOE) and a planar counter-flow SOFC stack (VTT-HTc). All models developed in this thesis have shown high accuracy and computation times that allow them to be implemented into diagnostic and control tool both for off-line (1-D model and grey-box) and for on-line (NN and RNNs) applications. It is important noting that the models were developed with reference to stacks produced by different companies. This allowed the evaluation of different SOFC technologies, thus obtaining useful information in the models development. The information underlined the critical aspects of these systems with regard to the measurements and control of some system variables, giving indications for the stack models development. The proposed modeling approaches are good candidates to address emerging needs in fuel cell development and on-field deployment, such as the opportunity of developing versatile model-based tools capable to be generic enough for real-time control and diagnosis of different fuel cell systems typologies, technologies and power scales. [edited by author]
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Shi, Li, and 时莉. "Long-term commodity procurement risk management using futures contracts: a dynamic stack-and-rollapproach." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B49858749.

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The procurement of commodity materials for production is an important issue in supply chain management. Effective procurement should consider both uncertain customer demand and fluctuating commodity price which, when act together, give rise to the procurement risk. To protect the bottom line, a manufacturer has to plan its procurement activities with special attention given to such procurement risk. Existing research has studied the use of exchange market-traded commodities in mitigating procurement risk. This study addresses the case of a manufacturer with long-term procurement commitments who wishes to hedge against the risk exposure by using long-dated futures contracts. In the commodities markets, however, long-dated futures are often illiquid or even unavailable, thus making the hedge ineffective. Alternatively, in a stack-and-roll hedge, the hedging positions are rolled forward in actively traded short-dated futures contracts of equal maturity until the procurement is executed. This in effect replicates the long-term futures contract in performing a hedge. This study therefore aims at developing a dynamic stack-and-roll approach that can effectively manage the long maturity procurement risk. The proposed dynamic stack-and-roll approach is inherently a discrete-time hedging strategy that divides the procurement planning horizon into multiple decision stages. The nearby futures are adopted as the short-dated futures as they are typically liquid. The hedging positions are adjusted periodically in response to the commodity price behaviour and updated information about the forward customer demand. For a manufacturer who wishes to mitigate the procurement risk as well as maximise the terminal revenue after the procurement, the mean-variance objective function is employed to model the manufacturer’s risk aversion behaviour. Then, a dynamic program formulation of the approach is presented for determining a closed-form expression of the optimal hedging positions. Notice that the hedging policy is a time-consistent mean-variance policy in discrete-time, in contrast to the existing discrete hedging approaches that employ minimum-variance policies. In this study, the commodity prices are modelled by a fractal nonlinear regression process that employs a recurrent wavelet neural network as the nonlinear function. The purpose of this arrangement is to incorporate the fractal properties discovered in commodity prices series. In the wavelet transform domain, fractal self-similarity and self-affinity information of the price series over a certain time scale can be extracted. The Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) algorithm is applied to train the neural network for its lower training error comparing with classical gradient descent algorithms. Monthly returns and volatility of commodity prices are estimated by daily returns data in order to increase the estimation accuracy and facilitate effective hedging. The demand information is updated stage by stage using Bayesian inference. The updating process are defined and adapted to a filtration, which can be regarded as the information received at the beginning of each decision stage. Numerical experiments are carried out to evaluate the performance of the proposed stack-and-roll approach. The results show that the proposed approach robustly outperforms other hedging strategies that employ minimum-variance or naïve policies, and effectively mitigate the procurement risk.
published_or_final_version
Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Rosich, Oliva Albert. "Sensor placement for fault diagnosis based on structural models: application to a fuel cell stak system." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/53635.

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The present work aims to increase the diagnosis systems capabilities by choosing the location of sensors in the process. Therefore, appropriate sensor location will lead to better diagnosis performance and implementation easiness. The work is based on structural models ands some simplifications are considered in order to only focus on the sensor placement analysis. Several approaches are studied to solve the sensor placement problem. All of them find the optimal sensor configuration. The sensor placement techniques are applied to a fuel cell stack system. The model used to describe the behaviour of this system consists of non-linear equations. Furthermore, there are 30 candidate sensors to improve the diagnosis specifications. The results obtained from this case study are used to strength the applicability of the proposed approaches.
El present treball té per objectiu incrementar les prestacions dels diagnosticadors mitjançant la localització de sensors en el procés. D'aquesta manera, instal·lant els sensors apropiats s'obtenen millors diagnosticador i més facilitats d'implementació. El treball està basat en models estructurals i contempla una sèrie de simplificacions per tal de entrar-se només en la problemàtica de la localització de sensors. S'utilitzen diversos enfocs per tal de resoldre la localització de sensors, tot ells tenen com objectiu trobar la configuració òptima de sensors. Les tècniques de localització de sensors són aplicades a un sistema basat en una pila de combustible. El model d'aquest sistema està format per equacions no lineals. A més, hi ha la possibilitat d'instal·lar fins a 30 sensors per tal de millorar la diagnosis del sistema. Degut a aquestes característiques del sistema i del model, els resultats obtinguts mitjançant aquest cas d'estudi reafirmen l'aplicabilitat dels mètodes proposats.
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Pachentseva, Marina, and Anna Bronskaya. "On Stock Index Volatility With Respect to Capitalization." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Information Science, Computer and Electrical Engineering (IDE), 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-1189.

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Condfidence in the future is a signicant factor for business development. However frequently, accurate and specific purposes are spread over the market environment influence.Thus,it is necessary to make an appropriate consideration of instability, which is peculiar to the dynamic development. Volatility, variance and standard deviation are used to

characterize the deviation of the investigated quantity from mean value.

Volatility is one of the main instruments to measure the risk of the asset.

The increasing availability of financial market data has enlarged volatility research potential but has also encouraged research into longer horizon volatility forecasts.

In this paper we investigate stock index volatility with respect to capitalization with help of GARCH-modelling.

There are chosen three indexes of OMX Nordic Exchange for our research. The Nordic list segment indexes comprising Nordic Large Cap,

Mid Cap and Small Cap are based on the three market capitalization groups.

We implement GARCH-modeling for considering indexes and compare our results in order to conclude which ones of the indexes is more volatile.

The OMX Nordic list indexis quiet new(2002)and reorganized as late as October 2006. The current value is now about 300 and no options do exist. In current work we are also interested in estimation of the Heston

model(SVmodel), which is popular in financial world and can be used in option pricing in the future.

The results of our investigations show that Large Cap Index is more volatile then Middle and Small Cap Indexes.

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Němec, Pavel. "Finanční analýza STOCK Plzeň a.s." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-8797.

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The subject is financial analysis of STOCK Plzeň a.s. The aim of the thesis is propose the analysisi of ekonomical and financial situation of the company. The analysis refers to stage ang progress of the company between the years 2002 - 2006. Especially due to accounting reports.
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Kowalczyk, Piotr Jozef. "Validation and application of advanced soil constitutive models in numerical modelling of soil and soil-structure interaction under seismic loading." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/275675.

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This thesis presents validation and application of advanced soil constitutive models in cases of seismic loading conditions. Firstly, results of three advanced soil constitutive models are compared with examples of shear stack experimental data for free field response in dry sand for shear and compression wave propagation. Higher harmonic generation in acceleration records, observed in experimental works, is shown to be possibly the result of soil nonlinearity and fast elastic unloading waves. This finding is shown to have high importance on structural response, real earthquake records and reliability of conventionally employed numerical tools. Finally, short study of free field response in saturated soil reveals similar findings on higher harmonic generation. Secondly, two advanced soil constitutive models are used, and their performance is assessed based on examples of experimental data on piles in dry sand in order to validate the ability of the constitutive models to simulate seismic soil-structure interaction. The validation includes various experimental configurations and input motions. The discussion on the results focuses on constitutive and numerical modelling aspects. Some improvements in the formulations of the models are suggested based on the detailed investigation. Finally, the application of one of the advanced soil constitutive models is shown in regard to temporary natural frequency wandering observed in structures subjected to earthquakes. Results show that pore pressure generated during seismic events causes changes in soil stiffness, thus affecting the natural frequency of the structure during and just after the seismic event. Parametric studies present how soil permeability, soil density, input motion or a type of structure may affect the structural natural frequency and time for its return to the initial value. In addition, a time history with an aftershock is analysed to investigate the difference in structural response during the earthquake and the aftershock.
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Books on the topic "Stack models"

1

Lee, Myung W. Applications of velocity-stack methods to seismic data processing. Washignton: U.S. G.P.O., 1994.

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Goldfarb, Michael. Modeling piezoelectric stack actuators for control of micromanipulation. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1997.

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Fundamentals of stack gas dispersion. 3rd ed. Irvine, Calif: Milton R. Beychok, 1994.

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American Bar Association. Committee on Mergers and Acquisitions, ed. Model stock purchase agreement. 2nd ed. Chicago: American Bar Association, 2010.

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Gulisashvili, Archil. Analytically Tractable Stochastic Stock Price Models. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31214-4.

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service), SpringerLink (Online, ed. Analytically Tractable Stochastic Stock Price Models. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012.

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Pagan, Adrian R. Alternative models for conditional stock volatility. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1989.

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Ahmed, Ayaz. Stock market interlinkages in emerging markets. Islamabad: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, 1998.

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Schwert, G. William. Heteroskedasticity in stock returns. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1989.

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Weathering rolling stock. Hersham, Surrey: Ian Allan Publishing, 2013.

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Book chapters on the topic "Stack models"

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Meduna, Alexander, and Ondřej Soukup. "Deep Pushdown Automata and New Stack Structures." In Modern Language Models and Computation, 393–406. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63100-4_9.

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Ibarra, Oscar H., Jozef Jirásek, Ian McQuillan, and Luca Prigioniero. "Space Complexity of Stack Automata Models." In Developments in Language Theory, 137–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48516-0_11.

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Roy, Debjit, and René de Koster. "Optimal Stack Layout Configurations at Automated Container Terminals Using Queuing Network Models." In Operations Research/Computer Science Interfaces Series, 437–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39990-0_19.

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Braun, Tobias, Dennis Christmann, Reinhard Gotzhein, and Alexander Mater. "SDL Implementations for Wireless Sensor Networks – Incorporation of PragmaDev’s RTDS into the Deterministic Protocol Stack BiPS." In System Analysis and Modeling: Models and Reusability, 271–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11743-0_19.

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Schirmeier, Horst, Christoph Borchert, Martin Hoffmann, Christian Dietrich, Arthur Martens, Rüdiger Kapitza, Daniel Lohmann, and Olaf Spinczyk. "Dependability Aspects in Configurable Embedded Operating Systems." In Dependable Embedded Systems, 85–116. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52017-5_4.

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AbstractAs all conceptual layers in the software stack depend on the operating system (OS) to reliably provide resource-management services and isolation, it can be considered the “reliable computing base” that must be hardened for correct operation under fault models such as transient hardware faults in the memory hierarchy. In this chapter, we approach the problem of system-software hardening in three complementary scenarios. (1) We address the following research question: Where do the general reliability limits of static system-software stacks lie, if designed from scratch with reliability as a first-class design goal? In order to reduce the proverbial “attack surface” as far as possible, we harness static application knowledge from an AUTOSAR-compliant task set, and protect the whole OS kernel with AN-encoding. This static approach yields an extremely reliable software system, but is constrained to specific application domains. (2) We investigate how reliable a dynamic COTS embedded OS can become if hardened with programming-language and compiler-based fault-tolerance techniques. We show that aspect-oriented programming is an appropriate means to encapsulate generic software-implemented hardware fault tolerance mechanisms that can be application-specifically applied to a selection of OS components. (3) We examine how system-software stacks can survive even more adverse fault models like whole-system outages, using emerging persistent memory (PM) technology as a vehicle for state conservation. Our findings include that software transactional memory facilitates maintaining consistent state within PM and allows fast recovery.
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Aspen, Dina Margrethe. "A Transportation Planning Decision Support System." In Business Transitions: A Path to Sustainability, 197–205. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22245-0_19.

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AbstractIn this chapter, the CapSEM toolbox is explored, applied, and evaluated in the context of transportation planning and policy-making. Transportation system elements are analyzed across all four CapSEM levels to identify relevant tools to utilize in decision support systems to address sustainability in the sector. The toolbox is applied to a strategic transportation planning case study. The application demonstrates how the framework may be used to structure and stack models across system and performance levels to handle transportation modeling and stakeholder complexity.
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Samborski, D. "Stack Service Model." In Language Constructs for Describing Features, 177–96. London: Springer London, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0287-8_11.

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Goldwurm, Massimiliano, and Violetta Lonati. "Pattern Occurrences in Multicomponent Models." In STACS 2005, 680–92. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-31856-9_56.

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Islam, Sardar M. N., and Sethapong Watanapalachaikul. "Stock Valuation Models." In Contributions to Economics, 65–89. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7908-2666-1_5.

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Albrecher, Hansjoerg, Andreas Binder, Volkmar Lautscham, and Philipp Mayer. "Stock-Price Models." In Compact Textbooks in Mathematics, 77–89. Basel: Springer Basel, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-0519-3_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Stack models"

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Headings, Leon M., and Gregory N. Washington. "Stiffness Controlled Piezoelectric Stick-Slip Actuator for Rapid Positioning Applications." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-80916.

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Rotary screw-type stick-slip actuators driven by smart materials offer the attractive characteristics of large stroke, fine resolution, high power-off holding force, and relative simplicity to manufacture. However, the actuation speed of current rotary stick-slip actuators limits their applications. The research presented in this study focuses on rapid positioning applications and involves the development of two mechanism designs. Both designs utilize piezoelectric stacks driven by sawtooth waves to provide stick-slip contact between two partially threaded jaws and a 1/4-80 screw. The first mechanism design utilizes two piezoelectric stacks in a push-pull configuration. The motion of the two stacks is coupled through a lever amplification mechanism. The second design uses a single stack to directly drive the jaws without amplification. However, a second stack is oriented perpendicular to the first stack and driven with a triggered square wave. This stack varies the normal and thus frictional force between the jaws and screw, permitting more efficient slipping and sticking of the actuator. This allows for potential increases in both output speed and force. Existing actuators were modeled using both theoretical and finite element analysis techniques. These results were compared with experimental data to validate the models.
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McGuffie, Sean M., and Michael A. Porter. "Reduction of Stack Vortex Induced Vibrations." In ASME 2013 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2013-97995.

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A stack installation experienced vortex-induced vibrations (VIV) while in-service. The magnitude of the vibrations was severe enough that cracking in the welds at the stack bases was experienced shortly after their installation. Initially, straight strakes were placed on the stacks, based on field serviceability, per API 560. The strakes proved ineffective and it was determined that the stacks would be uninstalled for repair. During the repair process, design steps were required to reduce or eliminate the VIV experienced in-service. Due to a flaw in the initial design and the ineffectiveness of the straight strake solution, the end client required verification of any proposed design changes before their implementation. Additionally, little time was allotted for the investigation of solutions. Tuned mass dampers were initially explored for the design modification. It was determined that they could not be constructed of materials suitable for the environmental operational characteristics of the stacks. It was then agreed that aerodynamic modifications of the stacks should be explored to reduce VIV. ASME STS I specifies the design and installation of helical strakes on stacks, but does not indicate the magnitude of vibration reduction that can be expected [3]. Therefore, numerical models were used to determine if the strakes would reduce or eliminate the service vibration. A baseline analysis was first conducted to validate that the tools — a combination of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and finite element (FE) methods — could capture the in-service behavior. To perform this analysis a CFD model was constructed of the as-built stack. Using DES methods, this model was analyzed at several wind speeds to determine the magnitude and frequency content of the VIV-forcing functions. This information was then used to perform a dynamic analysis using an FE model of the stack. This model accurately predicted the correct wind speed corresponding to VIV and the amplitude of the stack’s vibration. A second model was then constructed of a stack with helical strakes, using a novel modeling methodology. This model was analyzed over a variety of wind speeds using DES methodologies. The forcing functions predicted with the helical strake model were then used to determine the stack’s in-service response. This paper contains the complete methodologies and results associated with these analyses.
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Fujita, Kenjiro, Yoshio Matsuzaki, Hisataka Yakabe, Shoji Yamashita, Kei Ogasawara, and Teruhiro Sakurai. "Development of Segmented-in-Series SOFC Stacks Using Numerical Models and Parametric Study." In ASME 2006 4th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2006-97178.

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The voltage loss in a single cell of a segmented-in-series flat-tube-type solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stack was evaluated. The stack exhibits a particular configuration, and the current flows along an in-plane direction in the anode and cathode; this differs from conventional planar-type SOFCs. Distributions of the current in the cell were studied in detail for many parameters such as the length of electrodes and conductivities of the cell components. Gas diffusion in a porous substrate and anode and the fuel utilization affect the concentration polarization; thus, they were also considered. By using the simulation results, appropriate configurations for the cell and stack were designed, and the simulation was validated by performance tests for a practical fuel cell stack. The stack exhibited a high performance of 0.76 V at 0.2 A/cm2 at Uf = 81.6% with dry H2 fuel, yielding a DC energy conversion efficiency of 53.6% HHV. Moreover, a bundle comprising 34 stacks was also fabricated, and excellent values of output voltage (342.5 V), output power (338.3 W), and electrical efficiency (49.5% HHV) at a current density of 0.2 A/cm2 were obtained.
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Weisman, Catherine, Diana Baltean-Carle`s, Patrick Le Que´re´, and Luc Bauwens. "Comparison of Different Heat Exchanger Models in a Thermoacoustic Engine Simulation." In ASME 2010 3rd Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting collocated with 8th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm-icnmm2010-31166.

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The role of unavoidable space between heat exchangers and stack inside a thermoacoustic standing wave generator is investigated. A two-dimensional Low Mach number viscous and heat conducting flow model of the active thermoacoustic cell, comprising heater and cooler separated by a stack made of parallel conducting plates, is described. Three different models of heat exchangers are implemented and compared. Ideal heat exchangers consist of a fluid zone with imposed temperature. The other two models are made up of stacks of horizontal plates, either with specified wall temperatures, in one model and with constant prescribed heat fluxes in the other. A multiple scale analysis allows for coupling the active thermoacoustic cell model with the flow inside the resonator, obtained as a solution to a linear acoustic formulation. When a large enough temperature difference is applied between the heat exchangers, initial pressure perturbations grow. Different resonant modes are amplified for different configurations, in the same way as in experimental observations.
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Koeninger, C., N. Jones, and S. Deregowski. "Velocity Model Building Using Pre-Stack Depth Migration." In EAEG/SEG Summer Workshop - Construction of 3-D Macro Velocity-Depth Models. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201407577.

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Wang, Gang, Yujie Cui, David Yuill, and Mingsheng Liu. "Development of Multi-Stack Exhaust System for Laboratory Buildings." In ASME Solar 2002: International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sed2002-1030.

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A multi-stack exhaust system has been developed for use in laboratory buildings. The multi-stack system activates different stacks and uses a variable speed drive (VSD) to change the fan speed when the laboratory exhaust airflow changes. This system satisfies safety requirements and uses less fan power than a conventional system. The typical fan power savings is 40% or higher, depending on the flow usage profile and the exhaust system duct design characteristics. This paper presents the system models and optimization procedures for the design of a multi-stack system.
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Meyer, Richard T., and Shripad Revankar. "A Survey of PEM Fuel Cell System Control Models and Control Developments." In ASME 2006 4th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2006-97030.

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Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell system performance can be significantly improved with suitable control strategies. Control appropriate models of the fuel cell stack and balance of plant are presented along with current control research. Fuel cell stack models are zero dimensional and range from simple empirical stack polarization curves to complex dynamic models of mass flow rates, pressures, temperatures, and voltages. Balance of plant models are also zero dimensional and can be used individually to build a complete system around a stack. Models of this type are presented for the air compressor, air blower, manifolds, reactant humidification, fuel recirculation, air cooling, and stack cooling. Current control work is surveyed with regard to feedforward, feedback, observers, optimization, model prediction, rule based, neural networks, and fuzzy methods. The most promising fuel cell stack model is evaluated. Additionally, improvements to the balance of plant models are recommended. Finally, future control work is explored with a desire for system control that leads to greater output power.
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Azevedo, Leonardo, Ruben F. M. Nunes, Maria J. Pereira, Amilcar Soares, Luis Guerreiro, and Maria Helena Silva Caetano Caeiro. "3D geomechanical models inverted from pre-stack seismic data." In Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/171832-ms.

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Zimmerling, Marco, Federico Ferrari, Matthias Woehrle, and Lothar Thiele. "Exploiting protocol models for generating feasible communication stack configurations." In the 9th ACM/IEEE International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1791212.1791264.

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Sandvin, O., C. Kostov, and P. Farmer. "Estimation of Layer Velocities Using 3D Pre-Stack Traveltime Inversion." In EAEG/SEG Summer Workshop - Construction of 3-D Macro Velocity-Depth Models. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201407568.

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Reports on the topic "Stack models"

1

Wilcox, Trevor, Ian Fleming, Kyle Dickert, Brian Key, Beverly Duran-Cash, and James Koster. Material and Stack Up Models. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1772380.

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Pagan, Adrian, and G. William Schwert. Alternative Models For Conditional Stock Volatility. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w2955.

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Dassanayake, Wajira, Chandimal Jayawardena, Iman Ardekani, and Hamid Sharifzadeh. Models Applied in Stock Market Prediction: A Literature Survey. Unitec ePress, March 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.34074/ocds.12019.

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Stock market prices are intrinsically dynamic, volatile, highly sensitive, nonparametric, nonlinear, and chaotic in nature, as they are influenced by a myriad of interrelated factors. As such, stock market time series prediction is complex and challenging. Many researchers have been attempting to predict stock market price movements using various techniques and different methodological approaches. Recent literature confirms that hybrid models, integrating linear and non-linear functions or statistical and learning models, are better suited for training, prediction, and generalisation performance of stock market prices. The purpose of this review is to investigate different techniques applied in stock market price prediction with special emphasis on hybrid models.
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Sones, David. Psychological Models and the Stock of Knowledge. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.6627.

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Hancock, David, W. Air-Cooled Stack Freeze Tolerance Freeze Failure Modes and Freeze Tolerance Strategies for GenDriveTM Material Handling Application Systems and Stacks Final Scientific Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1034766.

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Tracy, Joseph. Testing Strategic Bargaining Models Using Stock Market Data. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w2754.

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Shirasaki, Y., S. Miyakawa, T. Yamasaki, and A. Takenouchi. A Model of IPv6/IPv4 Dual Stack Internet Access Service. RFC Editor, December 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc4241.

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Boucadair, M., C. Jacquenet, and S. Sivakumar. A YANG Data Model for Dual-Stack Lite (DS-Lite). RFC Editor, January 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc8513.

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Carroll, Christopher, and Patrick Toche. A Tractable Model of Buffer Stock Saving. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w15265.

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Bekaert, Geert, and Eric Engstrom. Inflation and the Stock Market:Understanding the "Fed Model". Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w15024.

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