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Academic literature on the topic 'Stable isotopes of water'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 2 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Stable isotopes of water"

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Völpel, Rike, André Paul, Annegret Krandick, Stefan Mulitza, and Michael Schulz. "Stable water isotopes in the MITgcm." Geoscientific Model Development 10, no. 8 (August 25, 2017): 3125–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-3125-2017.

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Abstract. We present the first results of the implementation of stable water isotopes in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology general circulation model (MITgcm). The model is forced with the isotopic content of precipitation and water vapor from an atmospheric general circulation model (NCAR IsoCAM), while the fractionation during evaporation is treated explicitly in the MITgcm. Results of the equilibrium simulation under pre-industrial conditions are compared to observational data and measurements of plankton tow records (the oxygen isotopic composition of planktic foraminiferal calcite). The broad patterns and magnitude of the stable water isotopes in annual mean seawater are well captured in the model, both at the sea surface as well as in the deep ocean. However, the surface water in the Arctic Ocean is not depleted enough, due to the absence of highly depleted precipitation and snowfall. A model–data mismatch is also recognizable in the isotopic composition of the seawater–salinity relationship in midlatitudes that is mainly caused by the coarse grid resolution. Deep-ocean characteristics of the vertical water mass distribution in the Atlantic Ocean closely resemble observational data. The reconstructed δ18Oc at the sea surface shows a good agreement with measurements. However, the model–data fit is weaker when individual species are considered and deviations are most likely attributable to the habitat depth of the foraminifera. Overall, the newly developed stable water isotope package opens wide prospects for long-term simulations in a paleoclimatic context.
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Jensen, Alexandria, William Ford, James Fox, and Admin Husic. "Improving In-Stream Nutrient Routines in Water Quality Models Using Stable Isotope Tracers: A Review and Synthesis." Transactions of the ASABE 61, no. 1 (2018): 139–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.12545.

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Abstract. Water quality models serve as an economically feasible alternative to quantify fluxes of nutrient pollution and to simulate effective mitigation strategies; however, their applicability is often questioned due to broad uncertainties in model structure and parameterization, leading to uncertain outputs. We argue that reduction of uncertainty is partially achieved by integrating stable isotope data streams within the water quality model architecture. This article outlines the use of stable isotopes as a response variable within water quality models to improve the model boundary conditions associated with nutrient source provenance, constrain model parameterization, and elucidate shortcomings in the model structure. To assist researchers in future modeling efforts, we provide an overview of stable isotope theory; review isotopic signatures and applications for relevant carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus pools; identify biotic and abiotic processes that impact isotope transfer between pools; review existing models that have incorporated stable isotope signatures; and highlight recommendations based on synthesis of existing knowledge. Broadly, we find existing applications that use isotopes have high efficacy for reducing water quality model uncertainty. We make recommendations toward the future use of sediment stable isotope signatures, given their integrative capacity and practical analytical process. We also detail a method to incorporate stable isotopes into multi-objective modeling frameworks. Finally, we encourage watershed modelers to work closely with isotope geochemists to ensure proper integration of stable isotopes into in-stream nutrient fate and transport routines in water quality models. Keywords: Isotopes, Nutrients, Uncertainty analysis, Water quality modeling, Watershed.
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Orlowski, N., P. Kraft, and L. Breuer. "Exploring water cycle dynamics through sampling multitude stable water isotope pools in a small developed landscape of Germany." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 12, no. 2 (February 6, 2015): 1809–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-12-1809-2015.

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Abstract. Conducting a dual stable water isotope (δ2H and δ18O) study in the developed landscape of the Schwingbach catchment (Germany) helped to unravel connectivity and disconnectivity between the different water cycle components. The two-year weekly to biweekly measurements of precipitation, stream, and groundwater isotopes revealed that surface and groundwater are decoupled from the annual precipitation cycle but showed bidirectional interactions between each other. Seasonal variations based on temperature effects were observed in the precipitation signal but neither reflected in stream nor in groundwater isotopic signatures. Apparently, snowmelt played a fundamental role for groundwater recharge explaining the observed differences to precipitation δ-values. A spatially distributed snapshot sampling of soil water isotopes in two soil depths at 52 sampling points across different land uses (arable land, forest, and grassland) revealed that top soil isotopic signatures were similar to the precipitation input signal. Preferential water flow paths occurred under forested soils explaining the isotopic similarities between top and subsoil isotopic signatures. Due to human-impacted agricultural land use (tilling and compression) of arable and grassland soils, water delivery to the deeper soil layers was reduced, resulting in significant different isotopic signatures. However, the land use influence smoothed out with depth and soil water approached groundwater δ-values. Seasonally tracing stable water isotopes through soil profiles showed that the influence of new percolating soil water decreased with depth as no remarkable seasonality in soil isotopic signatures was obvious at depth > 0.9 m and constant values were observed through space and time. Little variation in individual isotope time series of stream and groundwater restricted the use of classical isotope hydrology techniques e.g. mean transit time estimation or hydrograph separation. Still, tracing stable water isotopes through the water cycle was valuable for determining interactions between different water cycle components and gaining catchment specific process understanding in a developed, human-impacted landscape.
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Treydte, Kerstin, Jan Esper, and Holger Gärtner. "Stabile Isotope in der Dendroklimatologie | Stable isotopes and dendroclimatology." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 155, no. 6 (June 1, 2004): 222–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2004.0222.

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This paper expounds the basics of isotope fixation in tree rings and relevant field and laboratory procedures. Examples from high mountain regions show both the potential and limits of employing these methods in dendroclimatological studies. Carbon isotopes yield seasonally resolved information on temperature,precipitation and relative humidity, whilst oxygen isotopes provide information on the isotope values of the source water,and thus, on precipitation. Inter-annual and decadal variations, in particular, reflect a strong common climatic signal that extends across a wide range of site ecologies. However, low frequency trends are masked by a non-climatic, human induced long-term trend, especially where carbon isotopes are concerned. At present,detrending methods are of a provisional nature and set a limit to stable isotopes for paleoclimatic questions. Highly resolved plant physiological and biochemical investigations should provide more insight into these unsolved problems.
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Li, Xiangnan, Baisha Weng, Denghua Yan, Tianling Qin, Kun Wang, Wuxia Bi, Zhilei Yu, and Batsuren Dorjsuren. "Anthropogenic Effects on Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotopes of River Water in Cities." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 22 (November 12, 2019): 4429. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224429.

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Stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopes are important indicators for studying water cycles. The isotopes are not only affected by climate, but are also disturbed by human activities. Urban construction has changed the natural attributes and underlying surface characteristics of river basins, thus affecting the isotopic composition of river water. We collected urban river water isotope data from the Global Network for Isotopes in Rivers (GNIR) database and the literature, and collected river water samples from the Naqu basin and Huangshui River basin on the Tibetan Plateau to measure hydrogen and oxygen isotopes. Based on 13 pairs of urban area and non-urban area water samples from these data, the relationship between the isotopic values of river water and the artificial surface area of cities around rivers was analyzed. The results have shown that the hydrogen and oxygen isotope (δD and δ18O) values of river water in urban areas were significantly higher than those in non-urban areas. The isotopic variability of urban and non-urban water was positively correlated with the artificial surface area around the rivers. In addition, based on the analysis of isotope data from 21 rivers, we found that the cumulative effects of cities on hydrogen and oxygen isotopes have led to differences in surface water line equations for cities with different levels of development. The combined effects of climate and human factors were the important reasons for the variation of isotope characteristics in river water in cities. Stable isotopes can not only be used to study the effects of climate on water cycles, but also serve as an important indicator for studying the degree of river development and utilization.
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Passey, Benjamin H. "Reconstructing Terrestrial Environments Using Stable Isotopes in Fossil Teeth and Paleosol Carbonates." Paleontological Society Papers 18 (November 2012): 167–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1089332600002606.

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Carbon isotopes in Neogene-age fossil teeth and paleosol carbonates are commonly interpreted in the context of past distributions of C3 and C4 vegetation. These two plant types have very different distributions in relation to climate and ecology, and provide a robust basis for reconstructing terrestrial paleoclimates and paleoenvironments during the Neogene. Carbon isotopes in pre-Neogene fossil teeth are usually interpreted in the context of changes in the δ13C value of atmospheric CO2, and variable climate-dependent carbon-isotope discrimination in C3 plants. Carbon isotopes in pre-Neogene soil carbonates can be used to estimate past levels of atmospheric CO2. Oxygen isotopes in fossil teeth and paleosol carbonates primarily are influenced by the oxygen isotopic compositions of ancient rainfall and surface waters. The oxygen isotopic composition of rainfall is has a complex, but tractable, relationship with climate, and variably relates to temperature, elevation, precipitation amount, and other factors. Mammal species that rely on moisture in dietary plant tissues to satisfy their water requirements (rather than surface drinking water) may have oxygen isotopic compositions that track aridity. Thus, oxygen isotopes of fossil mammals can place broad constraints on paleoaridity. Carbonate clumped isotope thermometry allows for reconstruction of soil temperatures at the time of pedogenic carbonate mineralization. The method is unique because it is the only thermodynamically based isotopic paleothermometer that does not require assumptions about the isotopic composition of the fluid in which the archive mineral formed. Soil temperature reflects a complex interplay of air temperature, solar radiative heating, latent heat effects, soil thermal diffusivity, and seasonal variations of these parameters. Because plants and most animals live in and/or near the soil, soil temperature is an important aspect of terrestrial (paleo)climate.
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Orlowski, Natalie, Philipp Kraft, Jakob Pferdmenges, and Lutz Breuer. "Exploring water cycle dynamics by sampling multiple stable water isotope pools in a developed landscape in Germany." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 20, no. 9 (September 20, 2016): 3873–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3873-2016.

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Abstract. A dual stable water isotope (δ2H and δ18O) study was conducted in the developed (managed) landscape of the Schwingbach catchment (Germany). The 2-year weekly to biweekly measurements of precipitation, stream, and groundwater isotopes revealed that surface and groundwater are isotopically disconnected from the annual precipitation cycle but showed bidirectional interactions between each other. Apparently, snowmelt played a fundamental role for groundwater recharge explaining the observed differences to precipitation δ values. A spatially distributed snapshot sampling of soil water isotopes at two soil depths at 52 sampling points across different land uses (arable land, forest, and grassland) revealed that topsoil isotopic signatures were similar to the precipitation input signal. Preferential water flow paths occurred under forested soils, explaining the isotopic similarities between top- and subsoil isotopic signatures. Due to human-impacted agricultural land use (tilling and compression) of arable and grassland soils, water delivery to the deeper soil layers was reduced, resulting in significant different isotopic signatures. However, the land use influence became less pronounced with depth and soil water approached groundwater δ values. Seasonally tracing stable water isotopes through soil profiles showed that the influence of new percolating soil water decreased with depth as no remarkable seasonality in soil isotopic signatures was obvious at depths > 0.9 m and constant values were observed through space and time. Since classic isotope evaluation methods such as transfer-function-based mean transit time calculations did not provide a good fit between the observed and calculated data, we established a hydrological model to estimate spatially distributed groundwater ages and flow directions within the Vollnkirchener Bach subcatchment. Our model revealed that complex age dynamics exist within the subcatchment and that much of the runoff must has been stored for much longer than event water (average water age is 16 years). Tracing stable water isotopes through the water cycle in combination with our hydrological model was valuable for determining interactions between different water cycle components and unravelling age dynamics within the study area. This knowledge can further improve catchment-specific process understanding of developed, human-impacted landscapes.
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Wang, Jiaxin, Mingjun Zhang, Athanassios A. Argiriou, Shengjie Wang, Deye Qu, Yu Zhang, and Pengyan Su. "Recharge and Infiltration Mechanisms of Soil Water in the Floodplain Revealed by Water-Stable Isotopes in the Upper Yellow River." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 20, 2021): 9369. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13169369.

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The stable isotopes (δD and δ18O) in soil water allow tracing of the flow and transportation of water in the soil. However, there are few studies on the use of soil water stable isotopes to explore the soil water in the floodplain, especially in determining the soil water source and infiltration mechanism. The Bayesian mixing model (MixSIAR) was integrated with the line conditioned excess (lc-excess) of stable isotopes (δD and δ18O) in precipitation, soil water (0–150 cm), river water, and groundwater to determinate the source and recharge mechanisms of two different soil profile types in the floodplain of the upper Yellow River in Lanzhou, China. The results showed that soil water below 80 cm was affected by river water recharge, affecting soil water content and stable isotopic composition at S1 sampling points (profile parallel to river water); this effect was not observed at S2 (profile is higher than the river water) sampling points. The isotopic compositions of the soil water sources at the two sampling points (S1: δD = −77.41‰, δ18O = −11.01‰; S2: δD = −74.02‰, δ18O = −10.56‰) were depleted more than those in the long-term amount-weighted precipitation isotopes (δD = −56.30‰, δ18O = −8.17‰). The isotope signatures of soil water sources are similar to the isotope characteristics of some high-intensity precipitation events (≥30 mm/day), indicating that soil water originates from a fraction of the total precipitation. The piston flow (60%) and the preferential flow (40%) coexist, but soil moisture and rainfall intensity will affect the sequence of the two infiltration methods. This study provides insights for understanding the hydrological process of the upper Yellow River and evaluating groundwater quality and protecting the floodplain environment.
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Reyes-García, Casandra, and José Luis Andrade. "Los isótopos estables del hidrógeno y el oxígeno en los estudios ecofisiológicos de plantas." Botanical Sciences, no. 80 (June 3, 2017): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17129/botsci.1742.

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Stable isotope studies of elements in biological organisms have become a useful tool to assess the exchange of molecules in the biosphere. Since water is one of the most abundant molecules in such an exchange, studies on stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen have become a fundamental component of many plant ecophysiological studies, from the leaf level to the reconstruction of past climates. In this review, we mention the most common methodologies, general notation and the most relevant research on hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes. Also, we discuss studies on plant water sources, leaf isotopic enrichment due to transpiration, the relationship between environment and oxygen stable isotopes in organic matter, and present studies that propose some plant species as environmental indicators in a globally changing world.
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Kim, Songyi, Yeongcheol Han, Soon Do Hur, Kei Yoshimura, and Jeonghoon Lee. "Relating Moisture Transport to Stable Water Vapor Isotopic Variations of Ambient Wintertime along the Western Coast of Korea." Atmosphere 10, no. 12 (December 12, 2019): 806. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10120806.

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Atmospheric water vapor transfers energy, causes meteorological phenomena and can be modified by climate change in the western coast region of Korea. In Korea, previous studies have utilized precipitation isotopic compositions in the water cycle for correlations with climate variables, but there are few studies using water vapor isotopes. In this study, water vapor was directly collected by a cryogenic method, analyzed for its isotopic compositions, and used to trace the origin and history of water vapor in the western coastal region of Korea during the winter of 2015/2016. Our analysis of paired mixing ratios with water vapor isotopes can explain the mechanism of water vapor isotopic fractionation and the extent of the mixing of two different air masses. We confirm the correlation between water vapor isotopes and meteorological parameters such as temperature, relative humidity, and specific humidity. The main water vapor in winter was derived from the continental polar region of northern Asia and showed an enrichment of 10 per mil (δ18O) through the evaporation of the Yellow Sea. Our results demonstrate the utility of using ground-based isotope observations as a complementary resource for constraining isotope-enabled Global Circulation Model in future investigations of atmospheric water cycles. These measurements are expected to support climate studies (speleothem) in the west coast region of Korea.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Stable isotopes of water"

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Hernández, Yeleine Almoza. "Stable water isotopes in precipitation over western Cuba." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64134/tde-24042018-091931/.

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The use of stable water isotopes as 18O and 2H are widely used in the last 50 years as tracer in climatic and hydrological studies. Stable water isotopes have slightly different physical properties and require different latent energy for phase changes, so the concentration of water isotopes varies during water phase changes, which is known as fractionation. Specifically in the tropics, the stable water isotopes have a very particular behavior unlike other regions, by the influence of large rainfalls amount, temperature and relative humidity. Cuba is an inland in the middle of the Caribe Sea, where studies about isotopic characterization of precipitations have never been made. In order to understand and explain some issues related to the isotopic behavior of precipitation in this inland, the research work was developed making use of data from that area. The general objective of this research proposal is to characterize the isotopic composition of rainfall in west of Cuba, including the demonstration of the vegetation influence in rainfall isotopic composition, and to determine mathematical models that describe the relationship between rainfall amount, intensity and isotopic composition for future paleoclimatic studies there. Data from the Global Network of Isotopes in Precipitation (GNIP) of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) were used. Thus, the thesis was developed in three chapters of contents. The first topic addressed was in relation to demonstrate the isotopic fractionation resulting from transpiration by a green canopy. As results, it was shown that transpiration is a fractional process with respect to water isotopes. The magnitude of this fractionation is determined by environmental factors, such as soil water content, rainfall amount, temperature, and the relative humidity. The environmental factors influence the behavior of such important variables as stomatal aperture, the different diffusion resistances, and the kinetic fractionation. Then were proposed eight mathematical models that describes the relationship between rainfall isotopic composition, amount and erosivity for paleoclimatic studies. The trend founded in this research is that months with highest rainfall erosivity were less heavy isotopically. ?2H and ?18O were negatively correlated with erosivity and with the rainfall amount. The rainfall amounts were the higher negative correlation with the isotopic composition for this tropical region. In the third chapter, finally, it was evaluated if even Cuba being an island could be seen the classic effects of the isotopic hydrology as, continentality, rainfall amount and seasonality. As results, rainfalls in western Cuba are in general isotopically enriched in ?18O and ?2H in comparison with other regions at higher latitudes. The annual mean values for ?18O vary between (1 to -8) ? and for ?2H between (15 to -40) ?. Nevertheless, there is marked seasonal behavior, being the rainfalls heavier in winter and more depleted in summer, showing the established patterns for tropical region. The influence of the air masses movement on the rainfall isotopic behavior could be affirming the presence of the continental effect
Isótopos estáveis da água como 18O e 2H foram amplamente utilizados nos últimos 50 anos como traçadores em estudos climáticos e hidrológicos. Os isótopos estáveis da água têm propriedades físicas ligeiramente diferentes, incluindo uma energia latente diferente para as mudanças de fase, de modo que a concentração de isótopos da água se altera em mudanças da fase aquosa, fenômeno conhecido como fracionamento isotópico. Especificamente nos trópicos, os isótopos estáveis da água têm um comportamento muito particular, contrário ao nas regiões temperadas, pela influência dos grandes acumulados da chuva, altas temperaturas e umidade relativa. Cuba é uma ilha no meio do mar Caribe, onde estudos sobre a caracterização isotópica das precipitações nunca foram feitos. Para entender e explicar algumas questões relacionadas ao comportamento isotópico da precipitação nesta ilha, o trabalho de pesquisa foi desenvolvido fazendo uso de dados da área. O objetivo geral desta proposta de pesquisa é caracterizar a composição isotópica das chuvas no oeste de Cuba, incluindo a demonstração da influência da vegetação na composição isotópica da precipitação e determinar modelos matemáticos que descrevem a relação entre a quantidade e intensidade da chuva com a composição isotópica para futuros estudos paleoclimáticos. Para isto foram utilizados dados da Rede Global de Isótopos em Precipitação (GNIP) da Agência Internacional de Energia Atômica (AIEA). Assim, essa tese se apresenta em três capítulos. O primeiro capítulo trata da demonstração do fracionamento isotópico resultante da transpiração através da folha de árvores. A magnitude desse fracionamento é determinada por fatores ambientais, como o teor da água no solo, a quantidade da precipitação, a temperatura e a umidade relativa do ar. Os fatores ambientais influenciam o comportamento de variáveis tão importantes como a abertura estomática, as diferentes resistências de difusão e o fracionamento cinético. No segundo capítulo propõem-se oito modelos matemáticos que descrevem a relação entre a composição isotópica da precipitação, sua quantidade e erosividade, úteis para estudos paleoclimáticos. A tendência encontrada nesta pesquisa é que meses com chuvas mais erosivas foram menos pesadas isotopicamente. Os valores de ?2H e ?18O foram negativamente correlacionados com a erosividade e com os acumulados de precipitação, sendo que os acumulados de precipitação foram os de maior correlação negativa com a composição isotópica nesta região tropical. No terceiro capítulo foi avaliado se em Cuba, uma ilha, podiam ser detectados os efeitos clássicos da hidrologia isotópica. Os valores médios anuais para ?18O variam entre 1 e -8? e para ?2H entre 15 e -40?. No entanto, há um comportamento sazonal marcado, sendo as chuvas isotopicamente mais pesadas no inverno e mais leves no verão, mostrando os padrões estabelecidos para a região tropical. A influência do movimento das massas do ar sobre o comportamento isotópico da chuva pode afirmar a presença do efeito de continentalidade
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Moore, Mary. "Stable Water Isotopes as Tracers in Global Precipitation." Thesis, Harvard University, 2016. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33493530.

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Stable water isotopes (H2O, H18O, and HDO) are incorporated into the microphysics schemes of two different atmospheric models. This thesis describes the use of these molecules as tracers in precipitation budgets to assess the processes controlling the isotopic signatures of precipitation in the tropics and orographic snow in the mid-latitudes. The idealized simulations of seasonal precipitation budgets in the tropics determine that increased vapor convergence during intense precipitation is most important for setting the isotopic composition of the convective precipitation. The isotopic signal of the converged vapor is more important than the local evaporation and smaller scale post-condensational processes. Flow over a 2D-mountain and realistic simulations of orographic clouds show that the isotopic signature of precipitation is more sensitive to changes in mountain height and initial temperature profiles than to the cloud droplet number concentration. Riming of cloud liquid and vapor deposition onto ice are the largest source terms for orographic precipitation, and have distinct isotopic signatures that are altitude-dependent. When riming is the larger source term, precipitation tends to be more enriched than when vapor deposition dominates.
Earth and Planetary Sciences
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Colgan, Gary A. "Estimating surface/ground-water mixing using stable environmental isotopes." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_etd_hy0042_m_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.

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Hall, Nicola. "Stable isotopes, molecular markers and water use in Brassicas." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324874.

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Monnar, Robert D. "Diurnal cycles of leaf water stable isotopes in two pine species /." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2007. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1447812.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Nevada, Reno, 2007.
"May, 2007." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 54-57). Online version available on the World Wide Web. Library also has microfilm. Ann Arbor, Mich. : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [2007]. 1 microfilm reel ; 35 mm.
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Kyllönen, K. (Kirsi). "The variation of stable isotopes of water in precipitation in Finland." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2018. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201805312003.

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The aim of this thesis was to collect available stable isotopic data of precipitation from Finland and analyze it. Stable isotopes of precipitated water can be used as traces in hydrology. They can be used to study the origin of waters, the mechanisms of groundwater recharge, to study meteoric waters and to study the prehistorical climate and geology. The most often used stable water isotopes are oxygen-18 isotope and hydrogen-2 (also called deuterium) isotope. For this thesis, the stable isotopic data was collected from 13 stations. The precipitation samples had been collected by Geological Survey of Finland, Finnish Meteorological Institute and University of Oulu researchers. The isotopic composition of the precipitation samples was analyzed by University of Oulu, Geological Survey of Finland, University of Helsinki and Finnish Meteorological Institute laboratories. Also, as part of this thesis, some of the precipitation samples from Oulu station was collected and analyzed with Picarro L2120-i-analyzator. To analyze precipitated water, the local meteoric water lines, LMWL, were derived for 13 collection stations and for Finland (δ²H = 7.78 δ¹⁸O + 6.83). Also, the weather data was summoned for collection stations to time periods corresponding to precipitation collection time periods from Finnish Meteorological Institute weather data. The isotopic data was also studied for seasonal, temperature, altitude, latitude, amount, oceanic and continental effects. The weather parameters linear regressions with δ18O values were also studied. According the analysis, the temperature of surface during precipitation had the strongest effect on isotopic composition of the precipitation. In Finland, also latitude and oceanic and continental locations and especially seasons affected the isotopic composition of the precipitation. Weather parameters that had some relation to δ¹⁸O values were evaporation and humidity. Wind speed and the amount of rain had very little relation to δ¹⁸O values. As LMWLs of collection stations were studied, it was found that LMWL vary from one year and a season to another. Thus, it is recommended to have at least two years of isotopic data of precipitation when forming the lines. The isotopic data of precipitation collected in this thesis is available for future studies in Finland and internationally
Työn tavoitteena oli kerätä Suomen saatavilla olevat sateen stabiilit isotooppitiedot ja analysoida niitä. Sadannan stabiileja isotooppeja voidaan käyttää merkkiaineena hydrologiassa. Sadannan isotoopeja voidaan käyttää esimerkiksi tutkittaessa pohjaveden uusiutumista, veden viipymisaikaa hydrologisessa systeemissä, tutkittaessa esihistoriallista ilmastoa sekä geologiassa. Yleisimmin merkkiaineena käytetyt stabiilit veden isotoopit ovat happi-18 ja vety-2. Tässä työssä kerättiin sadannan isotooppitietoja 13 keräysasemalta. Sadenäytteet olivat kerätty Geologian tutkimuskeskuksen, Ilmatieteen laitoksen ja Oulun yliopiston toimesta. Sadenäytteiden isotooppikoostumus oli analysoitu Geologian tutkimuskeskuksen, Ilmatieteen laitoksen, Oulun yliopiston ja Helsingin yliopiston laboratorioissa. Osa Oulun keräysaseman sadenäytteistä kerättiin ja analysoitiin Picarro L2120-i-analysaattorilla osana tätä työtä. Sadannan isotooppiarvoista määritettiin meteorisille vesille Local Meteoric Water Line- suorat, (LMWL), kolmelletoista keräysasemalle sekä koko Suomelle (δ²H = 7.78 δ¹⁸O + 6.83). Työssä kerättiin myös Ilmatieteenlaitoksen tiedostoista sääparametrit keräysasemille näytteiden keräysajalle. Työssä tukittiin myös vuoden aikojen, lämpötilan, korkeusaseman, leveysasteen, sadannan määrän, merellisyyden ja mantereellisuuden vaikutusta sadannan isotooppeihin. Myös sääparametrien lineaarista regressiota isotooppiarvoihin tutkittiin. Analyysien tuloksena havaittiin sadannan aikaisella ilman lämpötilalla olevan suurin vaikutus sadannan isotooppikoostumukseen. Suomessa myös leveysaste, manterellisuus, merellisyys ja erityisesti vuodenajat vaikuttavat sadannan isotooppikoostumukseen. Sääparametreistä haihdunnalla ja ilmankosteudella löydettiin jonkin verran riippuvuutta sadannan isotooppikoostumuksen kanssa, mutta tuulella ja sateen määrällä ei juurikaan. Määritettyjä LMWL-suoria analysoitaessa todettiin, että LMWL-suorat poikkeavat toisistaan vuosittain. Samoin eri vuodenajoille määritetyt suorat poikkesivat toisistaan. Analyysin perusteella LMWL-suoria määriteltäessä on suositeltavaa olla käytettävissä vähintään kahden vuoden sadannan isotooppitiedot. Tässä työssä kootut sadannan isotooppitiedot ovat käytössä jatkotutkimuksiin niin Suomessa kuin kansainvälisestikin
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Meuth, Jacob. "Evapotranspiraton Partitioning Using Stable Water Isotopes in a Semi-Arid Evergreen Forest." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/228162.

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Total evapotranspiration (ET) is the key process that links the land and the atmosphere via water, energy and carbon exchange. ET is a combination of evaporation and transpiration, which behave dynamically in very different ways. In this work we investigate the relative contribution of transpiration and soil evaporation to total ET in a semi-wooded, semi-arid forest in the Manitou Research Park northwest of Colorado Springs, CO. We use stable water isotopes measured at different levels within and outside the canopy, over a 30-day period (June 26 - July 26, 2010), using a field-deployable cavity ring-down spectrometer. The traditional "Keeling plot" analysis is used to partition the ET flux from moisture that comes from outside of the ecosystem, and then a simple model is used to partition the transpiration flux. In addition, we introduce a new alternative "multi-level" method to calculate the fraction of transpiration to total ET. Both the "Keeling plot" method and the "multi-level" method yield very similar fractions of transpiration to total ET, ranging from about 15% to about 85%. We compare both methodologies and discuss some of the corrections that must be made when measuring with high-frequency field-deployable instruments.
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Holloway, Max. "Modelling stable water isotopes in ice and ocean cores during the quaternary." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.702926.

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This thesis compares paleoclimate records with isotope-enabled paleoclimate model simulations. δ¹⁸0 against salinity and temperature relationships are investigated during periods of altered ice sheets, sea ice and meltwater input. We concentrate on 0, 21, 125 and 128 thousand years ago. Chapter 2 examines the use of δ¹⁸0 measurements in reconstructing salinity from ocean cores. Chapter 3 examines how Antarctic ice core δ¹⁸0 responds to changes in West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) morphology and sea ice extent. We find that ice sheet changes can decouple the δ¹⁸0-temperature relationship. The most significant contribution of this thesis focusses on explaining the last interglacial (LIG) δ¹⁸0 maximum, approximately 128 thousand years ago. Here, by replacing the WAIS with ocean and including the effects of WAIS meltwater, we provide a relatively realistic simulation of WAIS collapse. We find that a full WAIS collapse during the early LIG was unlikely. Instead a major reduction in sea ice, driven by bipolar seesaw warming of the Southern Hemisphere in response to circum-North Atlantic ice sheet melting, is a more likely explanation for the LIG isotope maximum. However, model simulations of 600 years duration, presented in Chapter 4, indicate that the bipolar seesaw mechanism only partially explains the observed isotope maximum. This leaves a significant portion of the observed Southern Ocean warming, estimated sea ice retreat and observed 6180 enrichment unaccounted for. It is currently unclear whether this result is repeatable using other General Circulation Models. The connectivity between the Southern Ocean, sea ice and the Antarctic ice sheet are suggested as a high-priority areas for future study to reconcile the remaining model-data disagreement.
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Welp, Lisa Renee Adkins Jess F. "Links between carbon and water cycles in northern ecosystems : constraints from stable isotopes /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : Caltech, 2006. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-06022006-105702.

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Le, Roux Debbie Jeanette. "Growth, water use efficiency and stable carbon isotopes in commercial clones of Eucalyptus." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/18327.

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The expansion of Eucalyptus plantations to supply timber for an increasing population in South Africa will result in a great reduction in the country's run-off water. If Eucalyptus continues to be the source of timber in South Africa, the selection of more water use efficient species for planting in existing and new areas has to be implemented. An understanding of the physiological factors ruling growth and water use efficiency in Eucalyptus is needed to develop selection criteria for improved water use efficiency and harvestable stem production under a limited water supply. This study investigated the effects of soil moisture availability on the growth and water use efficiency of 6 commercial clones of Eucalyptus commonly grown in South Africa with the aim of determining the following: (i) The extent of clonal variation in growth, dry mass allocation patterns, water use efficiency and the water cost of wood production at 16 months after planting. (ii) The influence of plant physiological traits such as patterns of dry mass allocation, canopy leaf area, leaf canopy density, specific leaf area, foliar nitrogen concentration and instantaneous rates of photosynthesis and transpiration, on growth, water use efficiency and the water cost of wood production. (iii) The complications associated with sampling for stable carbon isotope ratios (δ¹³C) within a eucalypt canopy and the potential use of δ¹³C in plant tissues as a tool for ranking clonal water use efficiencies.
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Books on the topic "Stable isotopes of water"

1

Izbicki, John A. Source, movement, and age of ground water in a coastal California aquifer. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1996.

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Cravotta, Charles Angelo. Use of stable isotopes of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfer to identify sources of nitrogen in surface waters in the Lower Susquehanna River Basin, Pennsylvania. Lemoyne, Pa: U.S. Geological Survey ; Denver, Colo., 1995.

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International Conference on Isotopes in Environmental Studies (2004 Monaco). Isotopes in environmental studies: Aquatic Forum 2004. Vienna: IAEA, 2006.

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Ott, Douglas S. Stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen in surface water and ground water at selected sites on or near the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho. Idaho Falls, Idaho: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1994.

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Vogel, J. R. Occurrence of selected pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical compounds and stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios in a riverbank filtration study, Platte River, Nebraska, 2001 to 2003. Reston, Va: U.S. Geological Survey, 2005.

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Pennsylvania. Dept. of Environmental Protection. and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. Use of stable isotopes of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur to identify sources of nitrogen in surface waters in the lower Susquehanna River Basin, Pennsylvania. [Washington, D.C: U.S. G.P.O.], 2002.

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Cravotta, Charles A. Use of stable isotopes of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur to identify sources of nitrogen in surface waters in the Lower Susquehanna River Basin, Pennsylvania. Lemoyne, Pa: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ; Denver, Colo., 1995.

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Rast, Walter. Use of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes to trace the larval striped bass food chain in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Estuary, California, April to September 1985 / by Walter Rast and James E. Sutton ; prepared in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board. Sacramento, Calif: Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1989.

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Bartholomay, Roy C. Radionuclides, stable isotopes, inorganic constituents, and organic compounds in water from selected wells and springs from the southern boundary of the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory to the Hagerman area, Idaho, 1993. Idaho Falls, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey, 1994.

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Ferreira, Rodger F. Chemical characteristics, including stable-isotope ratios, of surface water and ground water from selected sources in and near East Fork Armells Creek basin, southeastern Montana, 1985. Helena, Mont: Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Stable isotopes of water"

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Nagy, K. A. "Doubly-Labeled Water Studies of Vertebrate Physiological Ecology." In Stable Isotopes in Ecological Research, 270–87. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3498-2_16.

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Farquhar, G. D., K. T. Hubick, A. G. Condon, and R. A. Richards. "Carbon Isotope Fractionation and Plant Water-Use Efficiency." In Stable Isotopes in Ecological Research, 21–40. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3498-2_2.

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Sugimoto, Atsuko. "Stable Isotopes of Water in Permafrost Ecosystem." In Ecological Studies, 135–51. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6317-7_6.

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Dalton, F. N. "Plant root water extraction studies using stable isotopes." In Structural and Functional Aspects of Transport in Roots, 151–55. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0891-8_29.

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Wakeham, S. "Palaeoenvironmental Reconstructions Using Stable Carbon Isotopes and Organic Biomarkers." In Chemistry of Marine Water and Sediments, 423–43. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04935-8_19.

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Guy, R. D., P. G. Warne, and D. M. Reid. "Stable Carbon Isotope Ratio as an Index of Water-Use Efficiency in C3 Halophytes—Possible Relationship to Strategies for Osmotic Adjustment." In Stable Isotopes in Ecological Research, 55–75. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3498-2_4.

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Coplen, Tyler B., Andrew L. Herczeg, and Chris Barnes. "Isotope Engineering—Using Stable Isotopes of the Water Molecule to Solve Practical Problems." In Environmental Tracers in Subsurface Hydrology, 79–110. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4557-6_3.

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Alley, Richard B., and Kurt M. Cuffey. "9. Oxygen- and Hydrogen-Isotopic Ratios of Water in Precipitation: Beyond Paleothermometry." In Stable Isotope Geochemistry, edited by John W. Valley and David R. Cole, 527–54. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781501508745-012.

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Shibue, Y., K. Kazahaya, and M. Kusakabe. "Stable isotope geochemistry of the Kaneuchi W deposit, Japan." In Water-Rock Interaction, 219–22. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203734049-54.

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Lécuyer, Christophe. "Stable Isotope Tracking: Water Cycles and Climates of the Past." In Water on Earth, 181–254. Hoboken, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118574928.ch6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Stable isotopes of water"

1

Ford, W. I., and J. F. Fox. "Model of Nitrogen Source Allocations and Transformations Using Stable Nitrogen Isotopes." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2013. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784412947.194.

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Orgil’yanov, I. A., I. G. Kryukova, P. S. Badminov, and A. N. Puryaev. "STABLE ISOTOPES OF CARBON IN MINERAL WATERS OF THE MONGOL-SIBERIAN REGION." In The Geological Evolution of the Water-Rock Interaction. Buryat Scientific Center of SB RAS Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31554/978-5-7925-0536-0-2018-304-307.

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Magdas, D. A., Z. Moldovan, G. Cristea, and Mihaela D. Lazar. "The use of stable isotopes in quantitative determinations of exogenous water and added ethanol in wines." In PROCESSES IN ISOTOPES AND MOLECULES (PIM 2011). AIP, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3681995.

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Jordan, J. Lucy, Stanley D. Smith, and Janae Wallace. "INSIGHTS INTO GROUNDWATER—SURFACE-WATER INTERACTION IN OGDEN VALLEY, UTAH, FROM STABLE ISOTOPES OF WATER." In 72nd Annual GSA Rocky Mountain Section Meeting - 2020. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020rm-346488.

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Lam, Eric, Bryan Freymuth, and Carmen Berry. "Utilization of Stable Water Isotopes and Geochemistry for Detecting Seepage Pathways within North Texas Dam." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2020. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784482971.026.

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De Bondt, K., and P. Claeys. "Stable isotopes (δ18O and δD) analyses to identify the main sources of aquifer recharge in the Brussels Capital Region (Belgium)." In WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT 2015. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/wrm150161.

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Zneimer, Stephania, Liliana Lefticariu, Mihai Lefticariu, and Trenton Ford. "MODELING LOCAL WATER CYCLE DYNAMICS BY INTEGRATING STABLE ISOTOPES OF PRECIPITATION AND CLIMATE PARAMETERS." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-278394.

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Yager, Joyce, William M. Berelson, A. Joshua West, Frank A. Corsetti, Paulina Pinedo-Gonzalez, Silvia Rosas, and David J. Bottjer. "DECREASING WATER COLUMN DENITRIFICATION BEFORE THE END-TRIASSIC EXTINCTION? INSIGHT FROM STABLE NITROGEN ISOTOPES." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-307816.

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Newman, Connor P., and Jeff Mann. "EVALUATING MINE-WASTE SEEPAGE WATER AND SOLUTE SOURCES USING STABLE ISOTOPES AND INVERSE GEOCHEMICAL MODELING." In Joint 70th Annual Rocky Mountain GSA Section / 114th Annual Cordilleran GSA Section Meeting - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018rm-313818.

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Zneimer, Stephania. "INTEGRATING STABLE ISOTOPES IN PRECIPITATION AND EARTH SYSTEM MODELS TO INTERPRET LOCAL WATER CYCLE DYNAMICS." In 50th Annual GSA North-Central Section Meeting. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016nc-274917.

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Reports on the topic "Stable isotopes of water"

1

Ott, D. S., L. D. Cecil, and L. L. Knobel. Stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen in surface water and ground water at selected sites on or near the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10191248.

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Buhay, W. M. Stable isotopic composition of pore water and organic matter from Lake Winnipeg sediments. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/207515.

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Lee, Brady D., James J. Moran, Megan K. Nims, and Danielle L. Saunders. Letter Report: Stable Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotope Analysis of B-Complex Perched Water Samples. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1358516.

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Douglas, Thomas, and Joel Blum. Mercury isotopes reveal atmospheric gaseous mercury deposition directly to the Arctic coastal snowpack. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41046.

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Springtime atmospheric mercury depletion events (AMDEs) lead to snow with elevated mercury concentrations (>200 ng Hg/L) in the Arctic and Antarctic. During AMDEs gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) is photochemically oxidized by halogens to reactive gaseous mercury which is deposited to the snowpack. This reactive mercury is either photochemically reduced back to GEM and reemitted to the atmosphere or remains in the snowpack until spring snowmelt. GEM is also deposited to the snowpack and tundra vegetation by reactive surface uptake (dry deposition) from the atmosphere. There is little consensus on the proportion of AMDE-sourced Hg versus Hg from dry deposition that is released in spring runoff. We used mercury stable isotope measurements of GEM, snowfall, snowpack, snowmelt, surface water, vegetation, and peat from a northern Alaska coastal watershed to quantify Hg sources. Although high Hg concentrations are deposited to the snowpack during AMDEs, we estimate that ∼76 to 91% is released back to the atmosphere prior to snowmelt. Mercury deposited to the snowpack as GEM comprises the majority of snowmelt Hg and has a Hg stable isotope composition similar to Hg deposited by reactive surface uptake of GEM into the leaves of trees in temperate forests. This GEM-sourced Hg is the dominant Hg we measured in the spring snowpack and in tundra peat permafrost deposits.
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Bartholomay, R. C., L. M. Williams, and L. J. Campbell. Radionuclides, stable isotopes, inorganic constituents, and organic compounds in water from selected wells and springs from the southern boundary of the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory to the Hagerman Area, Idaho, 1995. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/527493.

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Bartholomay, R. C., D. D. Edwards, and L. J. Campbell. Radionuclides, stable isotopes, inorganic constituents, and organic compounds in water from selected wells and springs from the southern boundary of the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory to the Hagerman Area, Idaho, 1993. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/115658.

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Bartholomay, R. C., L. M. Williams, and L. J. Campbell. Radionuclides, stable isotopes, inorganic constituents, and organic compounds in water from selected wells and springs from the southern boundary of the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory to the Hagerman Area, Idaho, 1994. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/179225.

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Davisson, M. L., R. E. Criss, and K. R. Campbell. Preliminary report on the stable isotope imaging and characterization of surface and ground water resources in the southern Sacramento Valley. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10154118.

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Clegg, Samuel M., Kristy Lynne Nowak-Lovato, Julianna E. Fessenden-Rahn, Stephen J. Obrey, and Robert P. Currier. Remote Detection of NO2 Stable Isotopes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1053541.

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Hanley, J. J., F. Tweedale, K. Neyedley, R. Sharpe, and M. Fayek. Fluid inclusion and stable isotope evidence for mixing of magmatic - hydrothermal fluids with meteoric water in vein-type Cu-Au-Bi deposits, southern New Brunswick, Canada. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/296476.

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