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Journal articles on the topic 'Stable isotope dilution assay'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

Asam, Stefan, Yang Liu, Katharina Konitzer, and Michael Rychlik. "Development of a Stable Isotope Dilution Assay for Tenuazonic Acid." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 59, no. 7 (April 13, 2011): 2980–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf104270e.

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2

Rychlik, Michael, and Stefan Asam. "Stable isotope dilution assays in mycotoxin analysis." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 390, no. 2 (December 1, 2007): 617–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-007-1717-x.

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3

Büttner, Barbara E., Veronica E. Öhrvik, Peter Köhler, Cornelia M. Witthöft, and Michael Rychlik. "Quantification of Isotope-Labeled and Unlabeled Folates and Folate Catabolites in Urine Samples by Stable Isotope Dilution Assay." International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 83, no. 2 (April 1, 2013): 112–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831/a000152.

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Dual-label stable isotope dilution assays for the simultaneous quantification of isotopologic folates in clinical samples offer the perspective for differentiating between unlabeled folates from endogenous body pools and administered [13C5]-labeled folates from a test dose when performing bioavailability trials. In contrast to intact folates, this methodology could hitherto not be applied to the quantification of the folate catabolites, p-aminobenzoyl glutamate and p-acetamidobenzoyl glutamate. In this study, [2H4]-p-aminobenzoyl glutamate, [2H4]-p-acetamidobenzoyl glutamate, and unlabeled p-acetamidobenzoyl glutamate were synthesized. The synthesis of the [2H4]-labeled compounds started at unlabeled p-aminobenzoic acid. For the formation of p-acetamidobenzoyl glutamate, p-aminobenzoyl glutamate was acetylated. The new substances were applied successfully in stable isotope dilution assays for the simultaneous quantification of the [13C5]-labeled and unlabeled folate catabolites, p-aminobenzoyl glutamate and p-acetamidobenzoyl glutamate, along with the predominant folate vitamers in urine. The assays were based on clean-up by strong anion exchange followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry detection. Assay sensitivity was sufficient to detect the folate catabolites in physiologic concentrations. The limit of detection was below 0.4 and 0.3 nmol/100 g for p-aminobenzoyl glutamate isotopologues and p-acetamidobenzoyl glutamate isotopologues in urine, respectively. The successful synthesis of [2H4]-p-aminobenzoyl glutamate, [2H4]-p-acetamidobenzoyl glutamate, and unlabeled p-acetamidobenzoyl glutamate and the implementation of these substances in stable isotope dilution assays allows dual-label designs that provide a more detailed insight into human folate metabolism.

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4

Dufour, Jean-Pierre, Rana Wierda, Michelle Leus, Geert Lissens, Freddy Delvaux, Guy Derdelinckx, and David Larsen. "Quantitative Analysis of Beer Aromatic Alcohols Using Stable Isotope Dilution Assay." Journal of the American Society of Brewing Chemists 60, no. 2 (April 2002): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/asbcj-60-0088.

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5

Rychlik, Michael, and Peter Schieberle. "Quantification of the Mycotoxin Patulin by a Stable Isotope Dilution Assay." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 47, no. 9 (September 1999): 3749–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf990198a.

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6

Shinohara, Y., Y. Suzuki, H. Hasegawa, M. Nakamura, T. Nishiyama, A. Hiratsuka, and K. Ichida. "Stable Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometric Assay for PRPP Using Enzymatic Procedures." Nucleosides, Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids 30, no. 12 (December 2011): 1140–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15257770.2011.591746.

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7

Zeller, Annette, and Michael Rychlik. "Quantitation of estragole by stable isotope dilution assays." LWT - Food Science and Technology 42, no. 3 (April 2009): 717–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2008.10.011.

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8

Rychlik and Roth-Maier. "Pantothenic Acid Quantification: Method Comparison of a Stable Isotope Dilution Assay and a Microbiological Assay." International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 75, no. 3 (May 1, 2005): 218–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831.75.3.218.

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Different foods and feedstuffs were analyzed for pantothenic acid (PA) by the recently developed stable isotope dilution assay (SIDA) and by the standard method, a microbiological assay (MA). The SIDA involved the use of [13C3, 15N]-pantothenic acid as the internal standard and detection by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The analysis of identical extracts minimized systematic bias due to equal extraction yields and enabled an ideal comparison between both methods. For the samples derived from plants a good accordance between the MA and the SIDA of total PA was found, whereas for the products of animal origin, higher contents were measured by MA than by SIDA. From the results of treatments by pantetheinase and phosphatase on the one hand and papain and diastase on the other, it was concluded that MA is able to measure a significant amount of bound PA. Furthermore, the data imply that microbial enzymes were able to cleave PA conjugates more effectively than pantetheinase and phosphatase treatment.

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9

Sen, Alina, Gudrun Laskawy, Peter Schieberle, and Werner Grosch. "Quantitative determination of .beta.-damascenone in foods using a stable isotope dilution assay." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 39, no. 4 (April 1991): 757–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf00004a028.

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10

Dollmann, Bettina, Dominicus Wichmann, Alfred Schmitt, Hans Koehler, and Peter Schreier. "Quantitative Analysis of 2-Aminoacetophenone in Off-Flavored Wines by Stable Isotope Dilution Assay." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 79, no. 2 (March 1, 1996): 583–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/79.2.583.

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Abstract Isotope dilution analysis was used to quantitate 2- aminoacetophenone in wines exhibiting the so- called untypical aging off-flavor. d3-Aminoacetophe- none was synthesized and used as isotopomeric internal standard. The method of quantitation was verified by several model experiments. In the off-flavored wines studied, amounts of 2-aminoacetophe none ranging from 0.7 to 12.8 μg/L were determined.

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11

Schmarr, Hans-Georg, Petra Slabizki, and Charlotte Legrum. "Optimization in multidimensional gas chromatography applying quantitative analysis via a stable isotope dilution assay." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 405, no. 20 (June 4, 2013): 6589–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-013-7072-1.

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12

McCann, M. T., M. M. Thompson, I. C. Gueron, and M. Tuchman. "Quantification of orotic acid in dried filter-paper urine samples by stable isotope dilution." Clinical Chemistry 41, no. 5 (May 1, 1995): 739–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/41.5.739.

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Abstract A rapid, sensitive, and specific method for quantification of orotic acid from dried filter-paper urine samples is described. The method involves stable isotope dilution with 1,3-[15N2]orotic acid analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The assay is sufficiently sensitive to be used with solvent extraction techniques commonly used for urinary organic acid analysis. Extraction efficiencies of both native and isotopic orotic acid from dried filter paper and from water were 31% and 28%, respectively. The concentration of orotic acid in dried filter-paper urine specimens from 50 healthy controls was 1.1 +/- 0.67 (mean +/- SD) mmol/mol of urinary creatinine. The same 50 urine samples, analyzed directly from a 5-mL aliquot of liquid urine, gave values of 0.93 +/- 0.51. The correlation coefficient between the results obtained by the two different collection methods was 0.87. Age-related reference values in filter-paper samples are also reported. The concentrations, which are normalized to urinary creatinine, decrease with age. This method is applicable to rapid screening for urea cycle disorders and may also be used for carrier testing of ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency.

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13

Nakanishi, Akira, Yusuke Fukushima, Norio Miyazawa, Keisuke Yoshikawa, Tomoko Maeda, and Yoshiko Kurobayashi. "Quantitation of Rotundone in Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) Peel and Juice by Stable Isotope Dilution Assay." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 65, no. 24 (June 7, 2017): 5026–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01319.

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14

Asam, Stefan, Katharina Habler, and Michael Rychlik. "Determination of tenuazonic acid in human urine by means of a stable isotope dilution assay." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 405, no. 12 (February 9, 2013): 4149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-013-6793-5.

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15

Crnogorac, Goranka, and Wolfgang Schwack. "Determination of dithiocarbamate fungicide residues by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and stable isotope dilution assay." Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 21, no. 24 (2007): 4009–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.3312.

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16

Rychlik, Michael, and Achim Freisleben. "Quantification of Pantothenic Acid and Folates by Stable Isotope Dilution Assays." Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 15, no. 4 (August 2002): 399–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jfca.2002.1081.

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17

Rychlik, Michael. "Revised folate content of foods determined by stable isotope dilution assays." Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 17, no. 3-4 (June 2004): 475–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2004.03.017.

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18

Fang, Mingchih, and Keith R. Cadwallader. "Convenient Synthesis of Stable Deuterium-Labeled Alkylpyrazines for Use in Stable Isotope Dilution Assays." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 61, no. 15 (April 9, 2013): 3580–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf4001204.

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19

Hoofnagle, Andrew N., Jessica O. Becker, Michael N. Oda, Giorgio Cavigiolio, Philip Mayer, and Tomas Vaisar. "Multiple-Reaction Monitoring–Mass Spectrometric Assays Can Accurately Measure the Relative Protein Abundance in Complex Mixtures." Clinical Chemistry 58, no. 4 (April 1, 2012): 777–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2011.173856.

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Abstract BACKGROUND Mass spectrometric assays could potentially replace protein immunoassays in many applications. Previous studies have demonstrated the utility of liquid chromatography–multiple-reaction monitoring–mass spectrometry (LC-MRM/MS) for the quantification of proteins in biological samples, and many examples of the accuracy of these approaches to quantify supplemented analytes have been reported. However, a direct comparison of multiplexed assays that use LC-MRM/MS with established immunoassays to measure endogenous proteins has not been reported. METHODS We purified HDL from the plasma of 30 human donors and used label-free shotgun proteomics approaches to analyze each sample. We then developed 2 different isotope-dilution LC-MRM/MS 6-plex assays (for apoliporoteins A-I, C-II, C-III, E, B, and J): 1 assay used stable isotope-labeled peptides and the other used stable isotope-labeled apolipoprotein A-I (an abundant HDL protein) as an internal standard to control for matrix effects and mass spectrometer performance. The shotgun and LC-MRM/MS assays were then compared with commercially available immunoassays for each of the 6 analytes. RESULTS Relative quantification by shotgun proteomics approaches correlated poorly with the 6 protein immunoassays. In contrast, the isotope dilution LC-MRM/MS approaches showed correlations with immunoassays of r = 0.61–0.96. The LC-MRM/MS approaches had acceptable reproducibility (<13% CV) and linearity (r ≥0.99). Strikingly, a single protein internal standard applied to all proteins performed as well as multiple protein-specific peptide internal standards. CONCLUSIONS Because peak area ratios measured in multiplexed LC-MRM/MS assays correlate well with immunochemical measurements and have acceptable operating characteristics, we propose that LC-MRM/MS could be used to replace immunoassays in a variety of settings.

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20

Roland, Aurélie, Pauline Bros, Anaïs Bouisseau, Florine Cavelier, and Rémi Schneider. "Analysis of ochratoxin A in grapes, musts and wines by LC–MS/MS: First comparison of stable isotope dilution assay and diastereomeric dilution assay methods." Analytica Chimica Acta 818 (March 2014): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2014.02.006.

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21

Varga, Elisabeth, Thomas Glauner, Robert Köppen, Katharina Mayer, Michael Sulyok, Rainer Schuhmacher, Rudolf Krska, and Franz Berthiller. "Stable isotope dilution assay for the accurate determination of mycotoxins in maize by UHPLC-MS/MS." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 402, no. 9 (February 2, 2012): 2675–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-012-5757-5.

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22

Rychlik, Michael. "Pantothenic acid quantification by a stable isotope dilution assay based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry." Analyst 128, no. 7 (2003): 832. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b302370b.

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23

Yu, Yonghao, Rana Anjum, Kazuishi Kubota, John Rush, Judit Villen, and Steven P. Gygi. "A site-specific, multiplexed kinase activity assay using stable-isotope dilution and high-resolution mass spectrometry." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106, no. 28 (June 29, 2009): 11606–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0905165106.

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24

Liu, Kai-yong, Jing-jing Zhang, Meng-long Geng, Yi-tian Zhu, Xin-ji Liu, Peng Ding, Bao-lin Wang, Wen-wen Liu, Ye-hao Liu, and Fang-biao Tao. "A Stable Isotope Dilution Assay for Multi-class Antibiotics in Pregnant Urines by LC–MS/MS." Chromatographia 83, no. 4 (February 12, 2020): 507–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10337-020-03866-3.

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25

Ferretti, Aldo, Vincent P. Flanagan, and Valerie B. Reeves. "Stable isotope dilution assay for prostaglandin E metabolite: 24-Hour urinary output in healthy male subjects." Analytical Biochemistry 167, no. 1 (November 1987): 174–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(87)90149-7.

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26

Hislop, Jo-Anna, Martin B. Hunt, Simon Fielder, and Daryl D. Rowan. "Synthesis of Deuterated γ-Lactones for Use in Stable Isotope Dilution Assays." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 52, no. 23 (November 2004): 7075–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf048885b.

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27

Asam, Stefan, Katharina Konitzer, Peter Schieberle, and Michael Rychlik. "Stable Isotope Dilution Assays of Alternariol and Alternariol Monomethyl Ether in Beverages." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 57, no. 12 (June 24, 2009): 5152–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf900450w.

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28

Semmelroch, P., G. Laskawy, I. Blank, and W. Grosch. "Determination of potent odourants in roasted coffee by stable isotope dilution assays." Flavour and Fragrance Journal 10, no. 1 (January 1995): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ffj.2730100102.

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29

Korn, Markus, Oliver Frank, Thomas Hofmann, and Michael Rychlik. "Development of stable isotope dilution assays for ochratoxin A in blood samples." Analytical Biochemistry 419, no. 2 (December 2011): 88–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2011.08.032.

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30

Asam, S., and M. Rychlik. "Studies on accuracy of trichothecene multitoxin analysis using stable isotope dilution assays." Mycotoxin Research 23, no. 4 (December 2007): 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02946047.

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31

Lépine, F., E. Déziel, S. Milot, and L. G. Rahme. "A stable isotope dilution assay for the quantification of the Pseudomonas quinolone signal in Pseudomonas aeruginosa cultures." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects 1622, no. 1 (June 2003): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-4165(03)00103-x.

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32

Snyder, Laura R., Reyniel Cruz-Aguado, Martin Sadilek, Douglas Galasko, Christopher A. Shaw, and Thomas J. Montine. "Parkinson–dementia complex and development of a new stable isotope dilution assay for BMAA detection in tissue." Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 240, no. 2 (October 2009): 180–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2009.06.025.

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33

Schieberle, Peter, and Werner Grosch. "Quantitative analysis of aroma compounds in wheat and rye bread crusts using a stable isotope dilution assay." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 35, no. 2 (March 1987): 252–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf00074a021.

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34

Aubry, Victoire, Patrick X. Etiévant, Christian Giniès, and Robert Henry. "Quantitative Determination of Potent Flavor Compounds in Burgundy Pinot Noir Wines Using a Stable Isotope Dilution Assay†." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 45, no. 6 (June 1997): 2120–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf960759n.

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35

Xie, Chaonan, Qin Li, Gang Han, Huan Liu, Jien Yang, and Jincheng Li. "Stable isotope dilution assay for the accurate determination of tricaine in fish samples by HPLC–MS–MS." Biomedical Chromatography 33, no. 5 (March 6, 2019): e4512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.4512.

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36

Mamer, O. A., N. S. Laschic, and C. R. Scriver. "Stable isotope dilution assay for branched chain alpha-hydroxy- and alpha-ketoacids: Serum concentrations for normal children." Biological Mass Spectrometry 13, no. 10 (October 1986): 553–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200131007.

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37

Asam, Stefan, and Michael Rychlik. "Quantitation of type B-trichothecene mycotoxins in foods and feeds by a multiple stable isotope dilution assay." European Food Research and Technology 224, no. 6 (July 1, 2006): 769–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00217-006-0373-2.

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38

Morrow, Jason D., Chandra Prakash, Joseph A. Awad, Tanya A. Duckworth, William E. Zackert, Ian A. Blair, John A. Oates, and L. Jackson Roberts. "Quantification of the major urinary metabolite of prostaglandin D2 by a stable isotope dilution mass spectrometric assay." Analytical Biochemistry 193, no. 1 (February 1991): 142–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(91)90054-w.

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39

Atzler, Dorothee, Maren Mieth, Renke Maas, Rainer H. Böger, and Edzard Schwedhelm. "Stable isotope dilution assay for liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometric determination of l-homoarginine in human plasma." Journal of Chromatography B 879, no. 23 (August 2011): 2294–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.06.016.

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40

Asam, Stefan, Martina Lichtenegger, Yang Liu, and Michael Rychlik. "Content of the Alternaria mycotoxin tenuazonic acid in food commodities determined by a stable isotope dilution assay." Mycotoxin Research 28, no. 1 (October 5, 2011): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12550-011-0111-x.

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41

Stabler, Sally P., and Robert H. Allen. "Quantification of Serum and Urinary S-Adenosylmethionine and S-Adenosylhomocysteine by Stable-Isotope-Dilution Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry." Clinical Chemistry 50, no. 2 (February 1, 2004): 365–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2003.026252.

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Abstract Background: We have developed an assay that uses stable-isotope-dilution liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry to assess S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) in body fluids to investigate the relationship of these metabolites to hyperhomocysteinemia. Methods: Commercially obtained SAM (D3 methyl) and 13C5-SAH uniformly labeled in the adenosyl moiety, which was synthesized using S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase, were added to samples followed by perchloric acid protein precipitation, C18 chromatography, and analysis by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry with quantification by comparison of the areas of internal standard and endogenous peaks. Results: Estimates of intraassay imprecision (CV) were 5% and 17% for SAM and SAH, respectively (n = 10). SAM decreased and SAH increased in serum and plasma samples at both 4 °C and room temperature over 80 h. SAM and SAH were unstable in samples stored longer than 2 years at −20 °C. In 48 volunteers, the estimated reference intervals [from mean (2 SD) of log-transformed data] for serum SAM and SAH were 71–168 and 8–26 nmol/L, respectively. Fractional excretion of SAM was higher than that of SAH, and the urinary SAM:SAH ratio was much higher than the serum or erythrocyte SAM:SAH ratios. Conclusions: Stable-isotope-dilution liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry can be used to quantify SAM and SAH in biological fluids and tissues. Sample handling and storage must be stringently controlled for any epidemiologic or clinical use of such assays.

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42

Rychlik, M., F. Lippl, M. Lindenmeier, F. Kircher, V. Schusdziarra, and P. Schieberle. "Quantification of the mycotoxins patulin and ochratoxin A by stable isotope dilution assays." Mycotoxin Research 21, no. 4 (December 2005): 263–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02957589.

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43

Guth, Helmut, and Werner Grosch. "Quantitation of potent odorants of virgin olive oil by stable-isotope dilution assays." Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society 70, no. 5 (May 1993): 513–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02542586.

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44

Itkonen, Outi, Anu Suomalainen, and Ursula Turpeinen. "Mitochondrial Coenzyme Q10 Determination by Isotope-Dilution Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry." Clinical Chemistry 59, no. 8 (August 1, 2013): 1260–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2012.200196.

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BACKGROUND Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an essential part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Unlike most other respiratory chain disorders, CoQ10 deficiency is potentially treatable. We aimed to develop and validate an accurate liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the determination of mitochondrial CoQ10 in clinical samples. METHODS We used mitochondria isolated from muscle biopsies of patients (n = 166) suspected to have oxidative phosphorylation deficiency. We also used fibroblast mitochondria from 1 patient with CoQ10 deficiency and 3 healthy individuals. Samples were spiked with nonphysiologic CoQ10-[2H6] internal standard, extracted with 1-propanol and with ethanol and hexane (2 mL/5 mL), and CoQ10 quantified by LC-MS/MS. The method and sample stability were validated. A reference interval was established from the patient data. RESULTS The method had a limit of quantification of 0.5 nmol/L. The assay range was 0.5–1000 nmol/L and the CVs were 7.5%–8.2%. CoQ10 was stable in concentrated mitochondrial suspensions. In isolated mitochondria, the mean ratio of CoQ10 to citrate synthase (CS) activity (CoQ10/CS) was 1.7 nmol/U (95% CI, 1.6–1.7 nmol/U). We suggest a CoQ10/CS reference interval of 1.1–2.8 nmol/U for both sexes and all ages. The CoQ10/CS ratio was 5-fold decreased in fibroblast mitochondria from a patient with known CoQ10 deficiency due to recessive prenyl (decaprenyl) diphosphate synthase, subunit 2 (PDSS2) mutations. CONCLUSIONS Normalization of mitochondrial CoQ10 concentration against citrate synthase activity is likely to reflect most accurately the CoQ10 content available for the respiratory chain. Our assay and the established reference range should facilitate the diagnosis of respiratory chain disorders and treatment of patients with CoQ10 deficiency.

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45

Stocklin, R., L. Vu, L. Vadas, F. Cerini, A. D. Kippen, R. E. Offord, and K. Rose. "A Stable Isotope Dilution Assay for the In Vivo Determination of Insulin Levels in Humans by Mass Spectrometry." Diabetes 46, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diab.46.1.44.

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46

Kotseridis, Yorgos, Raymond L. Baumes, Alain Bertrand, and Georges K. Skouroumounis. "Quantitative determination of β-ionone in red wines and grapes of Bordeaux using a stable isotope dilution assay." Journal of Chromatography A 848, no. 1-2 (July 1999): 317–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(99)00422-7.

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47

Axel, Claudia, Emanuele Zannini, Elke K. Arendt, Deborah M. Waters, and Michael Czerny. "Quantification of cyclic dipeptides from cultures of Lactobacillus brevis R2Δ by HRGC/MS using stable isotope dilution assay." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 406, no. 9-10 (January 30, 2014): 2433–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-014-7620-3.

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48

Rychlik, Michael. "Quantification of Free and Bound Pantothenic Acid in Foods and Blood Plasma by a Stable Isotope Dilution Assay." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 48, no. 4 (April 2000): 1175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf9913054.

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49

Stocklin, R., L. Vu, L. Vadas, F. Cerini, A. D. Kippen, R. E. Offord, and K. Rose. "A stable isotope dilution assay for the in vivo determination of insulin levels in humans by mass spectrometry." Diabetes 46, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.46.1.44.

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50

Rothenbacher, Thorsten, and Wolfgang Schwack. "Determination of epoxidized soybean oil by gas chromatography/single quadrupole and tandem mass spectrometry stable isotope dilution assay." Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 21, no. 12 (2007): 1937–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.3033.

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