Relevant bibliographies by topics / STABLE CARBON ISOTOPE

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'STABLE CARBON ISOTOPE'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "STABLE CARBON ISOTOPE"

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Treydte, Kerstin, Jan Esper, and Holger Gärtner. "Stabile Isotope in der Dendroklimatologie | Stable isotopes and dendroclimatology." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 155, no. 6 (2004): 222–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2004.0222.

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This paper expounds the basics of isotope fixation in tree rings and relevant field and laboratory procedures. Examples from high mountain regions show both the potential and limits of employing these methods in dendroclimatological studies. Carbon isotopes yield seasonally resolved information on temperature,precipitation and relative humidity, whilst oxygen isotopes provide information on the isotope values of the source water,and thus, on precipitation. Inter-annual and decadal variations, in particular, reflect a strong common climatic signal that extends across a wide range of site ecologies. However, low frequency trends are masked by a non-climatic, human induced long-term trend, especially where carbon isotopes are concerned. At present,detrending methods are of a provisional nature and set a limit to stable isotopes for paleoclimatic questions. Highly resolved plant physiological and biochemical investigations should provide more insight into these unsolved problems.
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Sare, David T. J., John S. Millar, and Frederick J. Longstaffe. "Tracing dietary protein in red-backed voles (Clethrionomys gapperi) using stable isotopes of nitrogen and carbon." Canadian Journal of Zoology 83, no. 5 (2005): 717–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z05-064.

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We examined the stable isotopes of nitrogen and carbon in a small mammal, the red-backed vole (Clethroinomys gapperi (Vigors, 1830)), to determine if isotope signatures reflect diet composition. Nitrogen- and carbon-isotope ratios in tissues from voles maintained on different protein levels in the laboratory were compared with wild-trapped voles. The isotopic fractionation of dietary nitrogen and carbon was also examined as food was digested in the stomach, incorporated into bone collagen, bioapatite, and hair, and excreted as feces. Nitrogen and carbon isotopes were fractionated differently depending on the isotopic composition and protein content of the diet. δ15N and δ13C values appear to be influenced by factors in addition to diet, such as macronutrients metabolized for respiration, metabolic rate, and periods of protein shortage.
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Kelly, Jeffrey F. "Stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen in the study of avian and mammalian trophic ecology." Canadian Journal of Zoology 78, no. 1 (2000): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z99-165.

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Differential fractionation of stable isotopes of carbon during photosynthesis causes C4 plants and C3 plants to have distinct carbon-isotope signatures. In addition, marine C3 plants have stable-isotope ratios of carbon that are intermediate between C4 and terrestrial C3 plants. The direct incorporation of the carbon-isotope ratio (13C/12C) of plants into consumers' tissues makes this ratio useful in studies of animal ecology. The heavy isotope of nitrogen (15N) is preferentially incorporated into the tissues of the consumer from the diet, which results in a systematic enrichment in nitrogen-isotope ratio (15N/14N) with each trophic level. Consequently, stable isotopes of nitrogen have been used primarily to assess position in food chains. The literature pertaining to the use of stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen in animal trophic ecology was reviewed. Data from 102 studies that reported stable-isotope ratios of carbon and (or) nitrogen of wild birds and (or) mammals were compiled and analyzed relative to diet, latitude, body size, and habitat moisture. These analyses supported the predicted relationships among trophic groups. Carbon-isotope ratios differed among species that relied on C3, C4, and marine food chains. Likewise, nitrogen-isotope ratios were enriched in terrestrial carnivorous mammals relative to terrestrial herbivorous mammals. Also, marine carnivores that ate vertebrates had nitrogen-isotope ratios that were enriched over the ratios of those that ate invertebrates. Data from the literature also indicated that (i) the carbon-isotope ratio of carnivore bone collagen was inversely related to latitude, which was likely the result of an inverse relationship between the proportion of carbon in the food chain that was fixed by C4 plants and latitude; (ii) seabirds and marine mammals from northern oceans had higher nitrogen-isotope ratios than those from southern oceans; (iii) the nitrogen-isotope ratios of terrestrial mammals that used xeric habitats were higher than the ratios of those that used mesic habitats, indicating that water stress can have important effects on the nitrogen-isotope ratio; (iv) there was no relationship between body mass and nitrogen-isotope ratio for either bone collagen or muscle of carnivores; and (v) there was linear covariation between stable-isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen in marine food chains (but not in terrestrial C3 or C4 food chains), which is likely a product of increases in carbon-isotope ratio with trophic level in marine food chains. Differences in stable-isotope composition among trophic groups were detected despite variation attributable to geographic location, climate, and analytical techniques, indicating that these effects are large and pervasive. Consequently, as knowledge of the distribution of stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen increases, they will probably become an increasingly important tool in the study of avian and mammalian trophic ecology.
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Krüger, J. P., J. Leifeld, and C. Alewell. "Degradation changes stable carbon isotope depth profiles in palsa peatlands." Biogeosciences 11, no. 12 (2014): 3369–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-3369-2014.

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Abstract. Palsa peatlands are a significant carbon pool in the global carbon cycle and are projected to change by global warming due to accelerated permafrost thaw. Our aim was to use stable carbon isotopes as indicators of palsa degradation. Depth profiles of stable carbon isotopes generally reflect organic matter dynamics in soils with an increase of δ13C values during aerobic decomposition and stable or decreasing δ13C values with depth during anaerobic decomposition. Stable carbon isotope depth profiles of undisturbed and degraded sites of hummocks as well as hollows at three palsa peatlands in northern Sweden were used to investigate the degradation processes. The depth patterns of stable isotopes clearly differ between intact and degraded hummocks at all sites. Erosion and cryoturbation at the degraded sites significantly changes the stable carbon isotope depth profiles. At the intact hummocks the uplifting of peat material by permafrost is indicated by a turning in the δ13C depth trend, and this assessment is supported by a change in the C / N ratios. For hollows isotope patterns were less clear, but some hollows and degraded hollows in the palsa peatlands show differences in their stable carbon isotope depth profiles indicating enhanced degradation rates. We conclude that the degradation of palsa peatlands by accelerated permafrost thawing can be identified with stable carbon isotope depth profiles. At intact hummocks δ13C depth patterns display the uplifting of peat material by a change in peat decomposition processes.
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Krüger, J. P., J. Leifeld, and C. Alewell. "Degradation changes stable carbon isotope depth profiles in palsa peatlands." Biogeosciences Discussions 11, no. 1 (2014): 1383–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-11-1383-2014.

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Abstract. Palsa peatlands are a significant carbon pool in the global carbon cycle and are projected to change by global warming due to accelerated permafrost thaw. Our aim was to use stable carbon isotopes as indicators of palsa degradation. Depth profiles of stable carbon isotopes generally reflect organic matter dynamics in soils with an increase of δ13C values during aerobic decomposition and stable or decreasing δ13C values with depth during anaerobic decomposition. Stable carbon isotope depth profiles of undisturbed and degraded sites of hummocks as well as hollows at three palsa peatlands in northern Sweden were used to investigate the degradation processes. The depth patterns of stable isotopes clearly differ between intact and degraded hummocks at all sites. Erosion and cryoturbation at the degraded sites significantly changes the stable carbon isotope depth profiles. At the intact hummocks the uplifting of peat material by permafrost is indicated by a turning in the δ13C depth trend and this assessment is supported by a change in the C / N ratios. For hollows isotope patterns were less clear, but some hollows and degraded hollows in the palsa peatlands show differences in their stable carbon isotope depth profiles indicating enhanced degradation rates. We conclude that the degradation of palsa peatlands by accelerated permafrost thawing could be identified with stable carbon isotope depth profiles. At intact hummocks δ13C depth patterns display the uplifting of peat material by a change in peat decomposition processes.
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Swart, Peter K., and Jim J. Leder. "The utility of stable isotopic signatures in coral skeletons." Paleontological Society Papers 1 (October 1996): 249–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1089332600000127.

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There is a fundamental ecologic differentiation between zooxanthellate and non-zooxanthellate corals. This paper reviews factors which govern the stable carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of these groups of corals. Although the stable carbon and oxygen isotope compositions of coral skeletons are strongly influenced by environmental and physiological factors, the precise mechanisms remain a matter of debate. In particular the oxygen isotopic composition is known to be governed by the temperature and the oxygen isotopic composition of the water and perhaps also by kinetic factors. In contrast the carbon isotopic composition is controlled by a combination of photosynthesis, respiration, autotrophy, heterotrophy, and the isotopic composition of dissolved inorganic carbon. Using a combination of carbon and oxygen isotopes it is possible to distinguish zooxanthellate from non-zooxanthellate corals.
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Jensen, Alexandria, William Ford, James Fox, and Admin Husic. "Improving In-Stream Nutrient Routines in Water Quality Models Using Stable Isotope Tracers: A Review and Synthesis." Transactions of the ASABE 61, no. 1 (2018): 139–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.12545.

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Abstract. Water quality models serve as an economically feasible alternative to quantify fluxes of nutrient pollution and to simulate effective mitigation strategies; however, their applicability is often questioned due to broad uncertainties in model structure and parameterization, leading to uncertain outputs. We argue that reduction of uncertainty is partially achieved by integrating stable isotope data streams within the water quality model architecture. This article outlines the use of stable isotopes as a response variable within water quality models to improve the model boundary conditions associated with nutrient source provenance, constrain model parameterization, and elucidate shortcomings in the model structure. To assist researchers in future modeling efforts, we provide an overview of stable isotope theory; review isotopic signatures and applications for relevant carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus pools; identify biotic and abiotic processes that impact isotope transfer between pools; review existing models that have incorporated stable isotope signatures; and highlight recommendations based on synthesis of existing knowledge. Broadly, we find existing applications that use isotopes have high efficacy for reducing water quality model uncertainty. We make recommendations toward the future use of sediment stable isotope signatures, given their integrative capacity and practical analytical process. We also detail a method to incorporate stable isotopes into multi-objective modeling frameworks. Finally, we encourage watershed modelers to work closely with isotope geochemists to ensure proper integration of stable isotopes into in-stream nutrient fate and transport routines in water quality models. Keywords: Isotopes, Nutrients, Uncertainty analysis, Water quality modeling, Watershed.
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Popa-Lisseanu, Ana G., Stephanie Kramer-Schadt, Juan Quetglas, et al. "Seasonal Variation in Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Isotope Values of Bats Reflect Environmental Baselines." PLOS ONE 10, no. 2 (2015): e0117052. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13435561.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) The stable carbon and nitrogen isotope composition of animal tissues is commonly used to trace wildlife diets and analyze food chains. Changes in an animal's isotopic values over time are generally assumed to indicate diet shifts or, less frequently, physiological changes. Although plant isotopic values are known to correlate with climatic seasonality, only a few studies restricted to aquatic environments have investigated whether temporal isotopic varia-tion in consumers may also reflect environmental baselines through trophic propagation. We modeled the monthly variation in carbon and nitrogen isotope values in whole blood of four insectivorous bat species occupying different foraging niches in southern Spain. We found a common pattern of isotopic variation independent of feeding habits, with an overall change as large as or larger than one trophic step. Physiological changes related to reproduction or to fat deposition prior to hibernation had no effect on isotopic variation, but juvenile bats had higher δ13C and δ15N values than adults. Aridity was the factor that best explained isotopic variation: bat blood became enriched in both 13C and 15N after hotter and/or drier periods. Our study is the first to show that consumers in terrestrial ecosystems reflect seasonal environmental dynamics in their isotope values. We highlight the danger of misinterpreting stable isotope data when not accounting for seasonal isotopic baselines in food web studies. Understanding how environmental seasonality is inte-grated in animals' isotope values will be crucial for developing reliable methods to use stable isotopes as dietary tracers.
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Popa-Lisseanu, Ana G., Stephanie Kramer-Schadt, Juan Quetglas, et al. "Seasonal Variation in Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Isotope Values of Bats Reflect Environmental Baselines." PLOS ONE 10, no. 2 (2015): e0117052. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13435561.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) The stable carbon and nitrogen isotope composition of animal tissues is commonly used to trace wildlife diets and analyze food chains. Changes in an animal's isotopic values over time are generally assumed to indicate diet shifts or, less frequently, physiological changes. Although plant isotopic values are known to correlate with climatic seasonality, only a few studies restricted to aquatic environments have investigated whether temporal isotopic varia-tion in consumers may also reflect environmental baselines through trophic propagation. We modeled the monthly variation in carbon and nitrogen isotope values in whole blood of four insectivorous bat species occupying different foraging niches in southern Spain. We found a common pattern of isotopic variation independent of feeding habits, with an overall change as large as or larger than one trophic step. Physiological changes related to reproduction or to fat deposition prior to hibernation had no effect on isotopic variation, but juvenile bats had higher δ13C and δ15N values than adults. Aridity was the factor that best explained isotopic variation: bat blood became enriched in both 13C and 15N after hotter and/or drier periods. Our study is the first to show that consumers in terrestrial ecosystems reflect seasonal environmental dynamics in their isotope values. We highlight the danger of misinterpreting stable isotope data when not accounting for seasonal isotopic baselines in food web studies. Understanding how environmental seasonality is inte-grated in animals' isotope values will be crucial for developing reliable methods to use stable isotopes as dietary tracers.
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10

Roth, James D., and Keith A. Hobson. "Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic fractionation between diet and tissue of captive red fox: implications for dietary reconstruction." Canadian Journal of Zoology 78, no. 5 (2000): 848–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z00-008.

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The amount of isotopic fractionation (change in isotope ratios) between diet and animal tissues is generally poorly known and may be affected by trophic position. Diet-tissue fractionation of stable-carbon and -nitrogen isotopes was measured in several tissues of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) raised on a commercial pellet feed. Stable carbon isotopic fractionation in red fox was positive for all tissues and was greatest in fur (2.6‰), intermediate in muscle (1.1‰), and least in liver and blood fractions (0.4-0.6‰). These carbon isotope fractionation values were greater than those previously measured for mammalian herbivores but were similar to values for marine mammals in most tissues. Little variation in stable nitrogen isotopic fractionation occurred among tissues, except in the blood fractions. Nitrogen isotopic fractionation was much higher in blood serum (4.2‰) than in liver, muscle, and fur (3.3-3.5‰). Cellular fractions of blood had the lowest fractionation values (2.6‰). There was a significant age effect in nitrogen- but not in carbon-isotopic fractionation. Subadult foxes (<1 year) were significantly enriched in 15N compared with adult foxes for fur, muscle, and liver (no blood was collected from adults). The cause of this enrichment is unclear, but it may be related to the higher rate of protein synthesis and catabolism in growing animals. This study is the first to report isotopic fractionation values for a terrestrial mammalian carnivore. Such estimates are necessary to interpret stable-isotope patterns in wild carnivores.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "STABLE CARBON ISOTOPE"

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Broadmeadow, Mark. "Stable carbon isotope discrimination in forest canopies." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386693.

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Kim, Moon Koo. "Stable carbon isotope ratio of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the environment: validation of isolation and stable carbon isotope analysis methods." Diss., Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1099.

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous, toxic contaminants that are released to the environment from various petrogenic and pyrogenic sources. In an effort to more clearly identify and trace sources of PAHs in the environment, purification and compound specific isotope analysis methods were developed to accurately measure the stable carbon isotope ratio of individual PAHs. Development of the method included improving accuracy and precision of the isotopic measurement by producing highly pure extracts using various chromatographic techniques. The method was refined by improving compound separations using purification techniques and high resolution chromatographic columns. The purification method consists of alumina/silica gel column chromatography, gel permeation chromatography and thin layer chromatography. The mean recovery of PAHs after the purification procedure was approximately 80 %. Sample purities after purification were verified by GC/FID and full scan mass spectrometry. To better resolve peaks and provide more accurate stable carbon isotope measurements, various gas chromatographic conditions were evaluated. The precision of the method ranged between 0.08 and 0.43 . The analytical protocols were evaluated to confirm compositional and stable isotopic integrity during purification and stable isotopic analysis. To confirm the utility of the purification and isotope analysis methods, various environmental samples from marine, land and lacustrine environments were analyzed. The isolates were analyzed for the composition and the stable carbon isotope ratios of PAHs. The stable carbon isotope ratio was measured by GC/IRMS and the results, along with quantitative compound compositions, were used to characterize and identify the contaminant sources. The sources of the PAHs in the study areas were differentiated by PAH molecular ratios and confirmed by stable carbon isotope ratios. This study confirms that compound specific isotope analysis of pollutants by GC/IRMS can be used to identify PAH sources in environmental samples. The study also confirms that the purification and stable carbon isotope analysis methods that were developed can be used to accurately measure the stable carbon isotope ratios of PAHs in environmental samples for the purpose of source identification. GC/IRMS measurement of stable isotopic compositions can be an effective fingerprinting method when used in conjunction with traditional molecular composition methods.
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Eek, Magnus. "Environmental control of stable carbon isotope systematics in Emiliania huxleyi." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0017/NQ52759.pdf.

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Lamb, Clare. "Stable carbon isotope variation during natural chloromethane and bromomethane production." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343035.

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Boller, Amanda J. "Stable carbon isotope discrimination by rubisco enzymes relevant to the global carbon cycle." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4291.

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Five different forms of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RubisCO; IA, IB, IC, ID, II), the carboxylase of the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle (CBB), are utilized by plants, algae and autotrophic bacteria for carbon fixation. Discrimination against 13C by RubisCO is a major factor dictating the stable carbon isotopic composition (δ13C = {[13C/12C sample/13C/12C standard] - 1} X 1000) of biomass. To date, isotope discrimination, expressed as ε values (={[12k/13k] - 1} X 1000; 12k and 13k = rates of 12C and 13C fixation) has been measured for form IA, IB, and II RubisCOs from only a few species, with ε values ranging from 18 to 29 /. The aim of this study was to better characterize form ID and IC RubisCO enzymes, which differ substantially in primary structure from the IB enzymes present in many cyanobacteria and organisms with green plastids, by measuring isotopic discrimination and kinetic parameters (KCO2 and Vmax). Several major oceanic primary producers, including diatoms, coccolithophores, and some dinoflagellates have form ID RubisCO, while form IC RubisCO is present in many proteobacteria of ecological interest, including marine manganese-oxidizing bacteria, some nitrifying and nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and extremely metabolically versatile organisms such as Rhodobacter sphaeroides. The ε - values of the form ID RubisCO from the coccolithophore, Emiliania huxleyi and the diatom, Skeletonema costatum (respectively 11.1 / and 18.5 /) were measured along with form IC RubisCO from Rhodobacter sphaeroides and Ralstonia eutropha (respectively 22.9 / and 19.0 /). Isotopic discrimination by these form ID/IC RubisCOs is low when compared to form IA/IB RubisCOs (22-29 /). Since the measured form ID RubisCOs are less selective against 13C, oceanic carbon cycle models based on 13C values may need to be reevaluated to accommodate lower ε values of RubisCOs found in major marine algae. Additionally, with further isotopic studies, the extent to which form IC RubisCO from soil microorganisms contributes to the terrestrial carbon sink may also be determined.
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Carr, R. H. "High sensitivity stable carbon isotope ratio mass spectrometry : instrument development application." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303835.

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Webb, Megan. "Environmental controls of stable carbon isotope values in freshwater diatom silica." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.747983.

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Improved understanding of the impact of catchment processes on freshwater carbon cycling would aid prediction of carbon flux attributed to changes in climate or land use. Carbon transfer through terrestrial and aquatic environments can be traced using stable carbon isotopic analysis (δ13C). A refined method of δ13C, free from host effects, is the utilisation of diatom-bound carbon (δ13Cdiatom)-
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Burnett, Richard Lee. "Stable Carbon Isotope Evidence of Ancient Maya Agriculture at Tikal, Guatemala." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2009. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd3135.pdf.

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Vaiglova, Petra. "Neolithic agricultural management in the Eastern Mediterranean : new insight from a multi-isotope approach." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c8824136-da35-43b2-a700-f458d0cc2fdf.

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The work presented in this dissertation explores the nature of agro-pastoral strategies developed by Neolithic farmers as a way to understand how early food production was inter-twined with environmental and socio-economic opportunities and constraints. Towards this end, a multi-isotope approach is used to address questions of scale and intensity of crop cultivation and animal management at the archaeological sites of Kouphovouno, southern Greece, Makriyalos, northern Greece, and Çatalhöyük, south-central Turkey. Measurements of stable carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and strontium isotope values of carbonized plant remains, human and animal bone collagen and animal tooth enamel are used to examine the similarities and differences in the types of treatments that individual species of plants and animals received during the agricultural cycle at the distinct locations. The results show that farmers at the three sites developed variable methods for exploiting the arable and pastoral landscape and catering to their economic and culinary needs. The discussion considers the implications of these findings to our understanding of the complexity and adaptability of early farming systems.
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Heerden, Leon Andre van. "A nitrogen and carbon stable isotope study of some Western Australian diamonds." Thesis, Open University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262015.

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Books on the topic "STABLE CARBON ISOTOPE"

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1938-, Coleman David C., and Fry Brian, eds. Carbon isotope techniques. Academic Press, 1991.

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Béranger, Sandra. Modeling PCE degradation and associated stable carbon isotope effects. National Library of Canada, 2003.

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Sigman, Daniel M. The role of biological production in Pleistocene atmospheric carbon dioxide variations and the nitrogen isotope dynamics of the Southern Ocean. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1997.

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R, Ehleringer J., Hall A. E. 1940-, and Farquhar Graham D, eds. Stable isotopes and plant carbon/water relations. Academic Press, 1993.

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1968-, Baker Andy, ed. Speleothem science: From process to past environments. Wiley, 2012.

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A, Cifuentes L., Elderidge P. M, and United States. Environmental Protection Agency, eds. The use of stable carbon isotopes to study microbial processes in estuaries. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1994.

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Alberto, Cifuentes Luis, Elderidge P. M, and United States. Environmental Protection Agency, eds. The use of stable carbon isotopes to study microbial processes in estuaries. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1994.

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Cravotta, Charles Angelo. Use of stable isotopes of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfer to identify sources of nitrogen in surface waters in the Lower Susquehanna River Basin, Pennsylvania. U.S. Geological Survey ; Denver, Colo., 1995.

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Suttner, Thomas James. Conodont stratigraphy, facies-related distribution patterns and stable isotopes (carbon and oxygen) of the uppermost Silurian to lower Devonian Seewarte section (Carnic Alps, Carinthia, Austria). Geologische Bundesanstalt, 2007.

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Rast, Walter. Use of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes to trace the larval striped bass food chain in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Estuary, California, April to September 1985. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "STABLE CARBON ISOTOPE"

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Andreu-Hayles, Laia, Mathieu Lévesque, Rossella Guerrieri, Rolf T. W. Siegwolf, and Christian Körner. "Limits and Strengths of Tree-Ring Stable Isotopes." In Stable Isotopes in Tree Rings. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92698-4_14.

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AbstractThis chapter aims at summarizing strengths and caveats on the suitability of stable carbon and oxygen isotopes in tree rings as recorders for fingerprints of environmental influences. First, environmental constraints limiting tree growth and shaping tree species distribution worldwide are discussed. Second, examples are presented for environmental conditions under which tree-ring isotopes record environmental signals particularly well, but also cases where physiological processes can mask climate signals. Third, the link between leaf-level carbon assimilation and the investment of assimilates in the stem during the annual ring formation are discussed in light of the resulting deviations of the isotopic values between leaves and tree rings. Finally, difficulties and pitfalls in the interpretation of stable isotope signals in tree rings are reviewed. These problems often result from a poor understanding of when and how the tree canopy, stems and roots are physiologically interconnected. Current literature suggests that photosynthesis and radial growth are only loosely coupled, if at all, challenging the interpretation of environmental signals recorded in tree-ring isotopes. Harsh environmental conditions (e.g. low temperatures, drought) often result in a decoupling of carbon assimilation and growth. The chapter closes by providing possible solutions on how to improve the detection of environmental information from stable isotope signals by integrating scales and different methodological approaches.
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Gagen, Mary, Giovanna Battipaglia, Valerie Daux, et al. "Climate Signals in Stable Isotope Tree-Ring Records." In Stable Isotopes in Tree Rings. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92698-4_19.

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AbstractIn this chapter we introduce the climate signal in stable isotope tree-ring records, with the emphasis on temperate forests. The development of the subdiscipline is recapped followed by an exploration of isotope dendroclimatic records by geography and, broadly, by isotopic species. Whilst there are still questions to be answered around signal strength and age-related effects in different environments and in different species, the proxy is now contributing to palaeoclimatology in a far greater way than in the days of the first hints of ‘isotope tree thermometers’. We include two summary tables. Table 19.1 exemplifies the range of climate information available from stable carbon isotope time series and Table 19.2 explores oxygen isotope proxy signals. Due to the greater complexity seen in stable carbon isotope interpretations we explore response groupings with example references given for each category of proxy response. Finally, we summarize the state of the art in isotope dendroclimatology and discuss possible future directions.
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Freeman, Katherine H. "11. Isotopie Biogeochemistry of Marine Organic Carbon." In Stable Isotope Geochemistry, edited by John W. Valley and David R. Cole. De Gruyter, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781501508745-014.

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Wei, Liang, John D. Marshall, and J. Renée Brooks. "Process-Based Ecophysiological Models of Tree-Ring Stable Isotopes." In Stable Isotopes in Tree Rings. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92698-4_26.

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AbstractTree-ring stable isotopes can be used to parameterizeprocess-based models by providing long-term data on tree physiological processes on annual or finer time steps. They can also be used to test process-based ecophysiological models for the assumptions, hypotheses, and simplifications embedded within them. However, numerous physiological and biophysical processes influence the stable carbon (δ13C) and oxygen (δ18O) isotopes in tree rings, so the models must simplify how they represent some of these processes to be useful. Which simplifications are appropriate depends on the application to which the model is applied. Fortunately, water and carbon fluxes represented in process-based models often have strong isotopic effects that are recorded in tree-ring signals. In this chapter, we review the status of several tree-ring δ13C and δ18O models simulating processes for trees, stands, catchments, and ecosystems. This review is intended to highlight the structural differences among models with varied objectives and to provide examples of the valuable insights that can come from combining process modeling with tree-ring stable isotope data. We urge that simple stable isotope algorithms be added to any forest model with a process representation of photosynthesis and transpiration as a strict test of model structure and an effective means to constrain the models.
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Huston, David L., Robert B. Trumbull, Georges Beaudoin, and Trevor Ireland. "Light Stable Isotopes (H, B, C, O and S) in Ore Studies—Methods, Theory, Applications and Uncertainties." In Isotopes in Economic Geology, Metallogenesis and Exploration. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27897-6_8.

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AbstractVariations in the abundances of light stable isotopes, particularly those of hydrogen, boron, carbon, oxygen and sulfur, were essential in developing mineralization models. The data provide constraints on sources of hydrothermal fluids, carbon, boron and sulfur, track interaction of these fluids with the rocks at both the deposit and district scales, and establish processes of ore deposition. In providing such constraints, isotopic data have been integral in developing genetic models for porphyry-epithermal, volcanic-hosted massive sulfide, orogenic gold, sediment-hosted base metal and banded-iron formation-hosted iron ore systems, as discussed here and in other chapters in this book. After providing conventions, definitions and standards used to present stable isotope data, this chapter summarizes analytical methods, both bulk and in situ, discusses processes that fractionate stable isotopes, documents the isotopic characteristics of major fluid and rock reservoirs, and then shows how stable isotope data have been used to better understand ore-forming processes and to provide vectors to ore. Analytical procedures, initially developed in the 1940s for carbon–oxygen analysis of bulk samples of carbonate minerals, have developed so that, for most stable isotopic systems, spots as small as a few tens of μm are routinely analyzed. This precision provides the paragenetic and spatial resolution necessary to answer previously unresolvable genetic questions (and create new questions). Stable isotope fractionation reflects geological and geochemical processes important in ore formation, including: (1) phase changes such as boiling, (2) water–rock interaction, (3) cooling, (4) fluid mixing, (5) devolatilization, and (6) redox reactions, including SO2 disproportionation caused by the cooling of magmatic-hydrothermal fluids and photolytic dissociation in the atmosphere. These processes commonly produce gradients in isotopic data, both in time and in space. These gradients, commonly mappable in space, provide not only evidence of process but also exploration vectors. Stable isotope data can be used to estimate the conditions of alteration or mineralization when data for coexisting minerals are available. These estimates use experimentally- or theoretically-determined fractionation equations to estimate temperatures of mineral formation. If the temperature is known from isotopic or other data (e.g., fluid inclusion data or chemical geothermometers), the isotopic composition of the hydrothermal fluid components can be estimated. If fluid inclusion homogenization and compositional data exist, the pressure and depth of mineralization can be estimated. One of the most common uses of stable isotope data has been to determine, or more correctly delimit, fluid and sulfur sources. Estimates of the isotopic compositions of hydrothermal fluids, in most cases, do not define unequivocal sources, but, rather, eliminate sources. As an example, the field of magmatic fluids largely overlap that of metamorphic fluids in δ18O-δD space, but are significantly different to the fields of meteoric waters and seawater. As such, a meteoric or seawater origin for a fluid source may be resolvable, but a magmatic source cannot be resolved from a metamorphic source. Similarly, although δ34S ~ 0‰ is consistent with a magmatic-hydrothermal sulfur source, the signature can also be produced by leaching of an igneous source. Recent analytical and conceptual advances have enabled gathering of new types of isotopic data and application of these data to resolve new problems in mineral deposit genesis and geosciences in general. Recent developments such as rapid isotopic analysis of geological materials or clumped isotopes will continue to increase the utility of stable isotope data in mineral deposit genesis and metallogeny, and, importantly, for mineral exploration.
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Ripperdan, Robert L. "13. Stratigraphic Variation in Marine Carbonate Carbon Isotope Ratios." In Stable Isotope Geochemistry, edited by John W. Valley and David R. Cole. De Gruyter, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781501508745-016.

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Roden, John, Matthias Saurer, and Rolf T. W. Siegwolf. "Probing Tree Physiology Using the Dual-Isotope Approach." In Stable Isotopes in Tree Rings. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92698-4_16.

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AbstractThe environmental and physiological interpretation of stable isotope variation in organic matter is affected by many different and interacting factors. This is especially true when considering isotope variation in tree rings, which are influenced not only by leaf-level photosynthetic gas exchange processes but also by post-photosynthetic fractionation. It has been proposed that measuring multiple isotopes on the same sample may constrain such interpretations if one isotope provides independent information about important fractionation events that cause variation in another isotope. Here we describe one such “dual-isotope approach” where oxygen isotope variation (δ18O) is used to probe the effects of stomatal conductance on carbon isotope (δ13C) variation for the same sample. This chapter describes the development of this conceptual model, constraints on model applicability, particularly with respect to tree rings, and how it has been utilized to explore aspects of tree physiology.
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Roden, John, Matthias Saurer, and Rolf T. W. Siegwolf. "Probing Tree Physiology Using the Dual-Isotope Approach." In Stable Isotopes in Tree Rings. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92698-4_16.

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AbstractThe environmental and physiological interpretation of stable isotope variation in organic matter is affected by many different and interacting factors. This is especially true when considering isotope variation in tree rings, which are influenced not only by leaf-level photosynthetic gas exchange processes but also by post-photosynthetic fractionation. It has been proposed that measuring multiple isotopes on the same sample may constrain such interpretations if one isotope provides independent information about important fractionation events that cause variation in another isotope. Here we describe one such “dual-isotope approach” where oxygen isotope variation (δ18O) is used to probe the effects of stomatal conductance on carbon isotope (δ13C) variation for the same sample. This chapter describes the development of this conceptual model, constraints on model applicability, particularly with respect to tree rings, and how it has been utilized to explore aspects of tree physiology.
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Hayes, John M. "3. Fractionation of Carbon and Hydrogen Isotopes in Biosynthetic Processes." In Stable Isotope Geochemistry, edited by John W. Valley and David R. Cole. De Gruyter, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781501508745-006.

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Attendorn, H. G., and R. N. C. Bowen. "Carbon-14 dating." In Radioactive and Stable Isotope Geology. Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5840-4_9.

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Conference papers on the topic "STABLE CARBON ISOTOPE"

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Husseinzadeh, R. "Thermal Maturities Based on Stable Carbon Isotope Composition Gases." In Caspian and Black Sea Geosciences Conference. EAGE Publications BV, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20146144.

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Magdas, D. A., G. Cristea, A. Bot, and V. Mirel. "The use of carbon stable isotope ratios in drugs characterization." In PROCESSES IN ISOTOPES AND MOLECULES (PIM 2013). AIP, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4833745.

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Breecker, Dan, Lily Serach, Evan Ramos, and Charles Jackson. "INTERPRETING STABLE CARBON ISOTOPE PROFILES OF ORGANIC MATTER IN SOILS." In GSA Connects 2021 in Portland, Oregon. Geological Society of America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2021am-368763.

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Malberti, Luisa, Christelle Lagane, Jeroen Sonke, and David Point. "Carbon and mercury stable isotope fractionation during aqueous MeHg photoreduction." In Goldschmidt2021. European Association of Geochemistry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7185/gold2021.5799.

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Stehmeier, Lester, Brad Magyar, Karlis Muehlenbachs, Xiaosu Lang, and Ajay Dalai. "Use of Stable Isotope Ratios to Determine the Origin of Coke Formed in Gas Turbines." In 2002 4th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2002-27115.

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Coke deposits can form in compression equipment on natural gas transmission lines. These deposits are a result of incomplete combustion due to poor fuel gas quality or incorrect equipment design and/or operation. There is an isotopic “signature” which is carried over from the fuel gas into the coke if incomplete combustion occurs, allowing the origin of the coke deposit to be identified. The use of a continuous flow gas chromatograph isotope ratio mass spectrometer (GC/IRMS) provides a convenient method for determining the isotopic composition of the components in the fuel gas. These ratios can then be used to identify if a correlation exists with the 13C/12C ratio of the coke sample. Previous projects in 1999 and 2000 demonstrated that the coke deposits found within gas turbines could be closely related to the incomplete combustion of the fuel gas. One outcome of that work was determining the value for having a good understanding of stable isotope signatures for gas entering the pipeline system. In 2000, fuel gas samples were obtained from various areas in the Alberta TransCanada collection system, their isotope ratios were measured and then used to produce coke. This work substantiated previous project work, reinforcing the isotopic relationship between coke and the source material. Current work is to produce a model to quantitatively relate the various components of the source material to coke deposits. This model could then be used as a tool to enhance the performance of the gas turbines. Detailed investigation into the sensitivity of stable carbon isotope measurements for identifying the source of coke deposits for a complete range of TransCanada fuel gas mixtures is presented.
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Furghieri Bylaardt Caldas, Priscila, Jonathan Snatic, and Kurt Kronenberger. "Quality Isotope Analysis at the Wellsite: Two Case Studies that Validate GC-C-IRMS Mud Gas Isotope Logging for Deepwater Exploration and Development." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210384-ms.

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Abstract Geochemical analysis of gases produced during the drilling process is a common study on oil and gas exploration and development wells. This process typically includes the use of gas sample containers or other vessels that allow for single point samples to be collected for shipment to an offsite laboratory. Laboratories use high precision devices to obtain valuable information for reservoir characterization including stable carbon isotope ratios. In recent years there have been efforts to provide similar analyses during the drilling process, using ruggedized equipment suitable for wellsite deployment. This paper demonstrates that a Gas Chromatograph-Combustion-Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer (GC-C-IRMS) analyzer, using similar technology to what is most widespread in offsite laboratories (Dashti et al, 2018), can be successfully deployed to the rig site. This type of advanced gas analysis, commonly known as Mud Gas Isotope Logging (MGIL), provides continuous sampling of stable carbon isotopes of methane (δ13C1), ethane (δ13C2), and propane (δ13C3). The service, performed with a GC-C-IRMS analyzer, was proven and validated for an operator through two case studies. 98 The first case compares real time data with discrete gas sample tubes analyzed in an offsite laboratory. It shows how accurate results are possible, even with the presence of artificial gases generated by drill bit metamorphism (DBM) (Wenger et al, 2009). This example also demonstrates how the service enabled immediate analysis for operational decisions by indicating the presence of biodegraded thermogenic fluid. The second case study demonstrates how this wellsite service could corroborate the geological prognosis in a complex field influenced by salt tectonics. In this basin an upthrown reservoir changed the typical behavior observed in conventional wells of increased oil maturity with depth. Stable carbon isotope readings obtained in real time, integrated with cuttings analysis, indicated the presence of out of section lithology. This information allowed for estimating the thermogenic fluid maturity of reservoirs and diagnosis of geological formations that were out of sequence in terms of age (uplifted).
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Opalka, Catherine, and Anthony L. Layzell. "QUATERNARY STABLE CARBON ISOTOPE SIGNATURES ACROSS THE GREAT PLAINS OF NORTH AMERICA." In GSA Connects 2022 meeting in Denver, Colorado. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2022am-383717.

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Ferreira Louro Silva, Ricardo, and Peter Alsen. "STABLE CARBON ISOTOPE CHEMOSTRATIGRAPHY OF THE BASE OF THE CALLOVIAN IN GREENLAND." In GSA Connects 2024 Meeting in Anaheim, California. Geological Society of America, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2024am-400849.

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Davtian, N., N. Penalva-Arias, O. Teruel-Cabello, P. Comes-Bordas, A. Rosell-Melé, and J. Villanueva-Ribes. "Quantification and Compound Specific Stable Carbon Isotope Analysis of Dissolved Black Carbon in the Atlantic Ocean." In IMOG 2023. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.202333159.

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Rolle, Francesca, and Michela Sega. "Use of FTIR spectroscopy for the measurement of CO2 carbon stable isotope ratios." In 19th International Congress of Metrology (CIM2019), edited by Sandrine Gazal. EDP Sciences, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metrology/201905002.

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Carbon dioxide (CO2) is one of the most important long-lived anthropogenic greenhouse gases. Ocean, land and biosphere contribute to take up CO2 emissions, but approximately half of fossil fuel CO2 accumulates in the atmosphere. The study of isotopic composition of CO2 can give useful information for assessing and quantifying the uptake of CO2 in the environmental compartments, as well as for distinguishing natural from anthropogenic carbon in the atmosphere. In this work, an activity for the development of a Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) based method for δ13C-CO2 determination in CO2 in air mixtures is presented. The FTIR can be calibrated by a classical approach based on primary calibration gas standards, but an alternative calibration can be based on the generation of synthetic spectra, by means of radiative transfer calculation codes such as the Multiple Atmospheric Layer Transmission (MALT University of Wollongong, Australia). Another software (B-FOS) developed at the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) allows to interface MALT and the FTIR management software. This calibration approach is fast and reliable and can be used when the classical calibration based on reference gas mixtures might be demanding. The uncertainty obtained for δ13C-CO2 measurements is around 0.1 ‰, at a nominal CO2 mole fraction of 400 μmol mol-1 in air.
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Reports on the topic "STABLE CARBON ISOTOPE"

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Burke, F. P., R. A. Winschel, and M. S. Lancet. Stable carbon isotope analysis of coprocessing materials. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5717939.

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Burke, F. P., R. A. Winschel, and M. S. Lancet. Stable carbon isotope analysis of coprocessing materials: Quarterly technical progress report, October 1--December 31, 1988. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6058419.

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Burke, F. P., R. A. Winschel, and M. S. Lancet. Stable carbon isotope analysis of coprocessing materials: Quarterly technical progress report, July 1--September 30, 1988. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6177436.

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Buckley, Daniel. Microbial food web mapping: linking carbon cycling and community structure in soils through pyrosequencing enabled stable isotope probing. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1172474.

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DeAngelis, Kristen, Serita Frey, Grace Pold, et al. The “Who” and “How” of Microbial Control over Soil Carbon Dynamics: a Multi-omics, Stable Isotope Probing, and Modeling Approach. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1842912.

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Mize, A. L. Differential utilization of allochthonous and autochthonous carbon by aquatic insects of two shrub-steppe desert spring-streams: A stable carbon isotope analysis and critique of the method. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10171068.

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Larmagnat, S., and D. Lavoie. Regional and global correlations of the Devonian stratigraphic succession in the Hudson Bay and Moose River basins from onshore Manitoba and Ontario to offshore Hudson Bay. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/326091.

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The Devonian successions in northeastern Manitoba and northern Ontario are integrated in a single stratigraphic framework. To the north, in the offshore Hudson Bay Basin, stratigraphic nomenclaturesare unified and correlated with the successions to the south. The carbon stable-isotope (d13CVPDB) trends for Devonian carbonate rocks are used for regional correlations and are compared with global Devonian isotope trends. Local and global d13CVPDB trends are used to evaluate the position of the Silurian-Devonian boundary in the Hudson Bay Platform. The Devonian succession of the Hudson Bay Platform belongs to the Kaskaskia Sequence and compares with similar carbonate-evaporite successions of the adjacent Williston and Michigan basins. In these basins, two episodes of roughly coeval reef development are present (Emsian-Eifelian and Givetian), with corals and stromatoporoids as main framework constituents. The Hudson Bay Platform reefs and dolomitized facies exhibit significant porosity and have the potential to form hydrocarbon reservoirs, with intervals bearing direct and petrophysical evidence of hydrocarbon charge.
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Fourqurean, James, Johannes Krause, Juan González-Corredor, Tom Frankovich, and Justin Campbell. Caricas Partner's Practical Field and Laboratory Guide. Florida International University, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.25148/merc_fac.2024.32.

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This field and laboratory guide describes the field and laboratory methods used to characterize blue carbon in seagrass meadows. It was developed for the Caribbean Carbon Accounting in Seagrass project and describes the protocols and methods used by the network. In brief, at each project site, seagrass abundance, species composition, canopy height, and sediment type were assessed at sixteen 0.25 m2 quadrats placed at random locations within the site. Eight 20 cm diameter cores were taken to assess seagrass biomass, shoot density, and to provide the material for assessing seagrass carbon and nutrient content. All seagrasses within each of the eight cores were separated by species and tissue type, washed and scraped to remove epiphytes, then dried and weighed. A piston core of uncompressed soils was retrieved, to a depth of 1 m or until refusal. Cores were subsampled at 5 cm depth intervals using small subcorers. All subcores were weighed wet to permit the calculation of porosity and soil dry bulk density. Seagrass tissue and sediment samples were oven-dried at 60°C, and dry weight recorded. Finally, samples were analyzed in the laboratory for determination of Loss on Ignition, total carbon content, inorganic carbon content, organic carbon content, and carbon and nitrogen content as well as stable isotope ratios. The resulting data allow for the estimation of seagrass organic carbon stocks as well as nutrient and carbonate stocks in biomass and sediment, their relationship with environmental covariates, and the contribution of seagrass material to carbon stocks.
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Heath, Jeff. Using Stable Isotopes of Carbon to Monitor Biodegradation of Pollutant Compounds,. Defense Technical Information Center, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada302216.

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Use of stable isotopes of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur to identify sources of nitrogen in surface waters in the lower Susquehanna River basin, Pennsylvania. US Geological Survey, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wsp2497.

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