Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Stabilté des protéines'
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Mons, Cécile. "Etude biochimique de mitoNEET humaine, protéine à centre [2Fe-2S], impliquée dans une voie de réparation des protéines Fe-S suite à un stress oxydatif." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS409.
Full textPresent in mammals, mitoNEET (mNT) is an Fe-S protein anchored to the outer mitochondrial membrane. This dimeric protein contains a [2Fe-2S] per monomer with an atypical ligation involving three cysteines and one histidine. Previously, our team proposed that mNT is involved in a new pathway dedicated to the reparation of the oxidatively damaged [4Fe-4S] cluster of human iron-regulatory protein-1 (IRP-1)/cytosolic aconitase, a key player of the regulation of cellular iron homeostasis. This reparation occurs via Fe-S cluster transfer from mNT to IRP-1 to repair. In the course of my thesis, I focused on the characterization of cluster transfer reaction from mNT to a model receptor protein, the E. coli apo-ferredoxin. Using purified proteins and combining biochemical approaches with biophysical ones performed in colaboration, this study showed that mNT acts as a redox switch: when the Fe-S cluster is reduced, the protein is extremely stable and it cannot be lost or transferred; when it is oxidized, it can be transferred to a receptor protein. Dioxygen does not affect this transfer reaction whereas this is a major determinant of protein stability. The transfer speed is highly sensitive to pH. Thus, mNT seems to act also as a pH sensor. Moreover, this study shows that mNT is extremely resistant to H2O2 compared to other Fe-S cluster transfer proteins. I also looked at the interaction of an antioxidant molecule, the resveratrol-3-sulfate, with mNT. Finally, I studied the effects of glutathione on mNT. Major player of the regulation of redox homeostasis, glutathione exists under two states: a reduced state (GSH) and an oxidized one (GSSG). I observed that GSH strongly destabilizes mNT at specific pHs and can even directly interact with the protein. The thiol function of GSH and the radical formation on this function are clearly involved in the mNT Fe-S destabilization
Rosenbaum, Eva. "Caractérisation structurale, enzymatique et biophysique d'un complexe peptidase piezo-thermophile issue de l'archaea marine abyssale Pyrococcus horikoshii." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE10298.
Full textRecently Franzetti et al. Discovered a new type of energy-independent self-compartmentalized proteases in Archaea. The particles were named TET for their tetrahedral three-dimensional structure. The TETs self assemble as large molecular weight complexes of about 500kDa. Their role in the organism is yet unknown. In P. Horikoshii, a hyperthermophilic Archaea from the deep sea, three TET proteases have been identified (PhTET1, 2 and 3). We have expressed and purified recombinant PhTET3. The enzyme was characterized biochemically and we determined the structure of a PhTET3 12 subunit complex by x-ray crystallography. In order to gain insight into its potential physiological role and to ascertain why there are three TET proteases in P. Horikoshii, the structure and the enzymatic properties of PhTET3 have been compared to the two other TET proteases that were characterized before. As self-compartmentalization plays an important role in functioning and regulation of proteases, the factors controlling PhTET3 oligomerization in vitro have been studied by analytical ultracentrifugation and small angle neutron scattering. Finally, under physiological deep sea conditions, the enzyme is exposed to high temperature (up to 100°C) and high pressure. In order to study the limits of stability of large molecular weight assemblies, the low-resolution structure and the enzymatic activity of PhTET3 have been monitored under high pressures and temperatures using small angle x-ray scattering and high-pressure spectrophotometry. Taken together, these studies revealed that the TET proteases of P. Horikoshii form an integrated peptide degradation systems and that PhTET3 exhibits unusual stability under high pressure and temperature as well as environment-associated enzymatic properties
Monsellier, Elodie. "Stabilité des anticorps recombinants : mesure, amélioration, applications." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077190.
Full textRECOMBINANT ANTIBODIES HAVE A NUMBER OF APPLICATIONS, SOME OF THEM LIMITED BY A LOW STABILITY. WE INTENTED TO DEVELOP A SIMPLE AND ROBUST METHOD TO IMPROVE RECOMBINANT ANTIBODIES STABILITY, AND TO UNDERSTAND THE UNDERLYING MECHANISMS OF STABILISATION. WE DEVELOPED A RELIABLE METHOD TO PRECISELY MEASURE THE STABILITY OF ANTIBODY FRAGMENTS. WE ESTABLISHED A RIGOROUS LAW OF THE SIGNAL FOR THE WAVELENGTH OF THE MAXIMUM FLUORESCENCE INTENSITY LAMBDA MAX. THE STABILITY ΔG(H2O) AND THE COEFFICIENT OF COOPERATIVITY m WHEN THE EMPIRICAL LINEAR LAW OF THE SIGNAL IS APPLIED, HAVE TO BE CORRECTED. THE CORRECTIVE TERMS CAN BE DETERMINED EXPERIMENTALE Y. USING COMPLEMENTARY CRITERIA OF SEQUENCE, STRUCTURE AND EXPERIMENTAL DATA ON ANTIBODIES, WE FRAGMENT, COMBINING ALL THE DESIGNED MUTATIONS, HAD A PARTICULARLY HIGH STABILITY, A STABILITY IMPROVEMENT COMPARED TO THE WILD-TYPE HlGHER THAN REPORTED SO FAR BY ANY METHOD, AN INCREASED CYTOPLASMIC ACTIVITY, AND AN UNMODIFIED AFFINITY FOR THE ANTIGEN. OUR RULES OF DESIGN ALLOWED US TO PREDICT THE EFFECTS OF MUTATIONS QUALITATIVELY FOR ΔG(H2O) AND QUANTITATIVELY FOR THE CONCENTRATION OF UREA AT HALF-DENATURATION. THE IMPROVEMENT OF m WAS AN IMPORTANT MECHANISM OF STABILISATION. THE EFFECTS OF MUTATIONS DEPENDED OF THE STRUCTURAL CONTEXT. THESE RESULTS INDICATED THE EXISTENCE OF RESIDUAL STRUCTURES IN THE DENATURATE STATE OF THE WILD-TYPE. WE THEN USED THIS METHOD TO IMPROVE THE PRODUCTION LEVEE AND THE LIFE-SPAN OF REAGENTLESS FLUORESCENT IMMUNOSENSORS, WHICH COULD BE USED FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ANTIBODY ARRAYS
Labadie, Thomas. "Stabilité du virus de la grippe dans l'environnement : influence des protéines virales." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC274/document.
Full textThe transmission of Influenza A viruses (IAV), either airborne in mammals or oro-faecal in aquatic birds, submits viral particle to a wide range of environmental conditions. These environmental conditions modulate IAV survival outside the host, which is also dependent on the viral subtype or strains. To date, the molecular drivers of IAV environmental persistence remain to be identified. In order to identify IAV molecular drivers of the environmental persistence, we generated different reassortant viruses between two H1N1 viruses that do not have the same stability outside the host. To this purpose, we performed survival kinetic and compared the inactivation slope of generated reassortant viruses in our controlledenvironment, using a real time cell analysis system. Our results demonstrate that the hemagglutinin (HA) and the neuraminidase (NA) are the main viral segments driving IAV environmental persistence. In addition, mutations driving viral stability in the environment were identified in the HA and NA amino-acid sequences. We also demonstrated that synonymous mutations introduced in the HA, using a codon-optimization strategy, drive the environmental persistence of IAV. The HA stability at low pH, HA surface expression levels in infected cells and the number of calcium binding sites of the NA were alternately changed by the mutations described in our study, indicating that these are stability determinants of IAV survival outside the host. Then, the sequential events of viral entry were analysed with fluorescence microscopy assays, showing that viral particles being exposed for a long period in saline water at 35°C are still able to bind their cellular receptor whereas the HA-mediated fusion within the endosome is not possible anymore. These two steps of the viral cycle are mainly mediated by the HA protein. Altogether, these result highlight the importance of the HA and the NA proteins, driving the environmental persistence of IAV. Given the known diversity of these two proteins in nature, this arouses interest in studying IAV environmental persistence at a more global scale. Such study could improve our knowledge on IAV ecology and epidemiology. Epidemiologic and climatic data analyse of human seasonal influenza viruses during 5 years and from 13 countries revealed that H1N1 virus and H3N2 virus distribution differs according to the mean weekly temperature in these countries. We then compared the H1N1 virus and H3N2 virus persistence on stainless steel surface at 4 °C and 20 °C, and the preliminary results suggest that IAV seasonal subtypes distribution might be partly regulated by their stability according to the temperature
Prouteau, Manoël. "Contribution à l'étude des protéines de la famille des tristétraprolines : rôle de la protéine CTH2 de saccharomyces cerevisae dans le contrôle de la maturation et de la dégradation de certains ARN messagers." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112183.
Full textAlmost 8 % of mammalian mRNAs display AU-rich element (ARE) in their3’ untranslated region (UTR). Many are specifically bound by ARE-binding proteins, such as the members of the tristetrapolin family (TTP), that act to modulate mRNA decay and/or translation. HTTP contains a characteristic tandem repeat CCCH zinc finger domain involved in ARE binding. Upon binding hTTP destabilizes its targets such as cytokines encoding mRNAs, but its precise mechanism of action remains poorly understood. In budding yeast, Cth2, has recently been shown as a functional homologue of TTP. Under iron deprivation conditions, Cth2 is expressed, binds to ARE of its mRNAs targets, encoding iron metabolism related proteins, and finally stimulates their decay. To understand the mode of action of Cth2, we undertook a structure-function analysis of this factor. Our analysis identified a conserved region (CR1) that is essential to Cth2 activity but unessential for the ARE binding capacity. Interesting, mutants lacking this region exhibited a novel molecular phenotype with accumulation of 3’ elongated forms of target mRNAs. The analysis of mutants affecting the polyadénylation machinery together with the observation of a predominant nuclear localization of Cth2 indicate that Cth2 has also a function in regulating 3’ end processing of ARE containing mRNAs. For the time, our results show that a TTp-related protein can affect mRNA decay and also regulate the 3’ end processing of its ARE-containing mRNA targets
Khalil, Mireille. "Interactions et stabilité des protéines étudiées par spectroscopies infrarouge et Raman." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAF011/document.
Full textThis thesis is focused on the study of protein-protein and protein-peptide interactions as well as the study of proteins stability by means of Raman and infrared spectroscopies. In the first part, we focused on the interactions between different adrenodoxin and adrenodoxin reductase proteins in order to get a better understanding of the electron transfer mechanism. The second part of the thesis concerns the changes in the secondary and tertiary structure of PDZ domains in the presence and absence of peptides during complex formation. The last part is dedicated to a comparative study of hemocyanins originated from organisms living in vastly different conditions such as Limulus polyphemus and Eurypelma californicum. This part of the project concerns the effect of temperature (294-20 K) and pH on the secondary structure of proteins. Finally the influence of oxygen binding on the secondary structure and the active site of Limulus polyphemus, Eurypelma californicum and Astacus leptodactylus was investigated
Georgescauld, Florian Stéphane Yves. "Nucléoside diphosphate kinases : repliement et stabilité." Bordeaux 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR21502.
Full textNucleoside Diphosphate kinases (NDPK) are enzymes responsible of nucleoside triphosphate synthesis. Hexameric in eukaryotes, their quaternary structure stabilises monomers. The human isoforme A is encoded by the Nm23 gene which is also known to be a metastasis suppressor. The S120G natural mutation destabilises monomers which become unable to refold correctly and stay in vitro under a molten-globule like intermediate conformation. (1) We have shown that ATP corrects the S120G mutant folding defect by phosphorylating its catalytic histidine. The refolding mechanism by phosphorylation is pertinent physiologically and explains why the mutated protein is functional in tumoral cells. The presence of the chemical chaperone trimethylamine-N-oxyde corrects the folding defect of the S120G mutant but by a mechanism different of that of phosphorylation. Both mechanisms have an additive effect. Introduction of a second site suppressor mutation partially corrects the S120G mutant folding defect. (2) Moreover, we have shown that the S120G mutant can adopt an alternative aberrant conformation and form amyloid fibres rich in β sheets. Several models correlate the stability of oligomeric enzymes to the interface area. Larger is the interface, more thermostable is the complex. The M. Tuberculosis NDPK is hexameric and presents 30 % less of interface, as compared to the others NDPK (such as Dictyostelium discoideum, for example) the thermostability of which is higher. (3) We have studied the NDPK stability in order to understand such a paradox at the structural level
Audebert, Alexia. "Stabilisation et texturation de mousses liquides par des protéines de lactosérum chauffées à l'état de poudre." Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NSARB317/document.
Full textThe objective of this work is to identify the conditions and mechanisms of the creation or improvement of the stability and rheology of whey proteins foams. To this aim, we studied the interfacial rheology of protein layers adsorbed at the air/water interface, the liquid films dynamics after a topological rearrangement, the stability and rheology of whey protein foams. Both a mixture of whey proteins and purified ß-lactoglobulin, used as a model protein, were studied. To study the relationships with protein structure, proteins were modified by dry-heating of whey protein powders. A wide variety of structural changes was obtained by varying simultaneously multiple dry-heating parameters.Interestingly, low-extent structural modifications have a dramatic impact on interfacial rheology, liquid film dynamics, foam stability and foam rheology. The effects of dry-heating parameters on the foam properties are complex and depend on their combination and the considered foam feature. Our original multiscale approach (interface, film dynamics and foam) sheds light on the contribution of the interfacial rheology to protein foam properties. In particular, foam dynamics have been shown to play a predominant role
Le, Cœur Clémence. "Influence de l'encombrement cytoplasmique sur la stabilité et la diffusion des protéines." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066065.
Full textEsteoulle, Lucie. "Développement de conjugués peptidiques fluorocarbonés pour augmenter la stabilité plasmatique de peptides visant des récepteurs couplés aux protéines G." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAF058.
Full textIn order to improve the plasma stability of peptides, we have developed a new strategy based on the introduction of a fluorocarbon chain in the sequence of a native peptide. By applying this concept to apelin-17, a peptide showing a potential interest for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, we have improved its plasma stability from 4.6 min to more than 24 h as well as its in vivo efficacy. The mechanism leading to the increase of plasma stability has been carefully investigated demonstrating the binding of the fluoroapeline to the albumin, leading to protection towards roteolysis. The concept has been applied to other peptides such as apelin-13, angiotensin II, oxytocin and spexine, showing the extension and the limitations of this method. Finally, we have designed original fluorescent fluorogenic probes which turn on their fluorescence only after binding to the targeted receptor. These probes could be used for in vivo biodistribution studies of fluoropeptides
Lionnard, Loïc. "Régulation de la stabilité de la protéine anti-apoptotique BCL2A1." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTT003/document.
Full textApoptosis or programmed cell death plays a crucial role in tissue homeostasis and is regulated by the Bcl-2 proteins, which control mitochondria membrane permeability and cytochrome c release, two events that precede cell demise. Anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members can contribute to tumorigenesis and cause resistance to anti-cancer regimens, therefore representing important targets for novel therapeutics. BCL2A1 is an anti-apoptotic member of the BCL-2 family that contributes to chemoresistance in a subset of tumors. BCL2A1 has a short half-life due to its constitutive processing by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. This constitutes a major tumor-suppressor mechanism regulating BCL2A1 function. However, the enzymes involved in the regulation of BCL2A1 protein stability are currently unknown. Here we provide the first insight into the regulation of BCL2A1 ubiquitination. We present evidence that TRIM28 is an E3 ubiquitin-ligase for BCL2A1. Indeed, endogenous TRIM28 and BCL2A1 bind to each other at the mitochondria and TRIM28 knock-down decreases BCL2A1 ubiquitination. We also show that TRIM17 stabilizes BCL2A1 by blocking TRIM28 from binding and ubiquitinating BCL2A1, and that GSK3 is involved in the phosphorylation-mediated inhibition of BCL2A1 degradation. BCL2A1 and its close relative MCL1 are thus regulated by common factors but with opposite outcome. Finally, overexpression of TRIM28 or knock-out of TRIM17 reduced BCLA1 protein levels and restored sensitivity of melanoma cells to BRAF-targeted therapy. Therefore, our data describe a molecular rheostat in which two proteins of the TRIM family antagonistically regulate BCL2A1 stability and modulate cell death.Sommaire
Chevallier, Marie. "Stabilisation des émulsions laitières aux cours des traitements technologiques : action combinée des agrégats de protéines de lactosérum et des caséines." Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NSARB294/document.
Full textDairy emulsions are thermodynamically unstable systems, which have to be resistant to the technological treatments (heating, freezing/thawing) applied during their manufacture or use. Whey protein-rich emulsions are particularly sensitive to technological treatments and instabilities are currently tackled by the use of non-dairy additives. With aim to offer products that are more natural to consumers (additive-free), the preparation of whey protein-rich emulsions without additive and stable during technological treatments constitutes a major challenge for dairy companies. The strategy adopted during this thesis was to combine the properties of the whey proteins aggregates and caseins in order to stabilize emulsion during technological treatments in a large range of protein concentrationsEmulsions were prepared with various whey protein aggregates and various whey protein aggregates/caseins ratio. Whatever the whey protein aggregates, their presence at the fat droplet surface destabilize the emulsions (gelation/phase separation) whereas they are stable in the continuous phase of the emulsions during technological treatments. In contrast, emulsions are extremely stable during technological treatments when caseins fully cover the fat droplet surface. The results obtained highlighted the possibility of modulating the stability during technological treatments of whey protein-rich emulsions by combining the properties of the whey protein aggregates and the caseins and by controlling their repartition between the fat droplet surface and the continuous phase of the emulsion
Ducat, Thierry. "Etude structurale par spectroscopie de RMN du domaine CAT-PRD1 de la protéine LicT de Bacillus subtilis." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112089.
Full textLicT is a protein of the BglG/SacY family from Bacillus subtilis. It regulates, by a transcriptional antitermination mecanism, the expression of the licS gene involved in the β-glucosides metabolism. Once activated, LicT prevents transcriptional termination by fixation to its RNA target. LicT is a modular protein constituted by an RNA binding domain, CAT (Co- Antiterminator) and a regulatory domain, PRD (PTS Regulation Domain) composed of two homologous domains PRD1 and PRD2. The structures of the isolated CAT and PRD domains were recently resolved. Then, the structure of the CAT-PRD1 domain (LicTl-167) is now essential to the understanding of the transmission of the regulation signals between regulator and effector domains. CAT-PRD1 domain was successfully produced and purified. The precipitation of the NMR samples has led us to set up a methodology for the determination of solubility and stability conditions of proteins. Then, CAT-PRD1 domain was identified in solution as a symetrical homodimer of 40 kDa. Its 2H, 13C and 15N labelling has enabled the backbone resonance assignment and the identification of an α-helical folding of the linker region between the CAT and PRD1 domains. Structural variations induced by PRD1 domain on CAT domain were localised. Only the dimer interface of CAT domain was affected and suggests the opening or reorientation of the CAT monomers. The destabilising effect of PRD1 domain was specified. It would shift the equilibrium defined in the regulation model of LicT toward its inactive forms. The α-helix linker between CAT and PRD1 domains would have a central role in the inactivation of the LicT protein and in the transmission of the regulation signals. A preliminary model of CAT PRD1 domain based on relaxation data is presented and shows the monomerisation of CAT domain
Romeo, Kelly. "Régulation de l'enrichissement en protéines HP1 par la SUMO-protéase SENP7 à l'hétérochromatine péricentrique de souris." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066179.
Full textIn the nucleus of all eukaryotic organisms, genomic DNA is organized in chromatin. This organization contributes to different degrees of DNA compaction, which define functional nuclear domains characterized by the enrichment of specific factors. A central question is to understand how such functional chromatin domains are established and maintained throughout multiple cellular divisions. During my PhD, I focused on pericentric domains, the constitutive heterochromatin of the centromere. This heterochromatin is characterized epigenetically by an enrichment of HP1 proteins that confer a critical function in chromosome segregation. It is thus crucial to maintain HP1 enrichment at pericentric domains for genome stability and integrity. During my PhD, I identified a new component of pericentric domains, the SUMO-protease SENP7. SENP7 is enriched at pericentric domains and interacts with HP1 with two HP1-interaction motifs, the so-called PxVxL motifs. SENP7 function is particularly important at pericentric heterochromatin as it is required for HP1 enrichment at these regions. Notably, the SENP7 desumoylation activity is not involved in this function. Rather, I showed that the two HP1-interaction motifs are critical for HP1 enrichment. We propose that HP1 interactors with two HP1-interaction motifs could lock nucleosome-bound HP1 and act as key contributors for maintaining HP1 enrichment at heterochromatin domains. These results open up new avenues to explore the maintenance mechanisms of HP1 enrichment that would stabilize HP1 proteins, but also mechanisms associated to other proteins and functional nuclear domains that could impact nuclear architecture and genome stability
Gaude, Hélène. "Étude des mécanismes régulant la stabilité de la protéine kinase LKB1." Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10260.
Full textFrachon, Thibaut. "Agrégation des protéines thérapeutiques à l'interface triple solide/liquide/air : application aux procédés industriels de production, stockage et d'administration." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAY070/document.
Full textDue to the high specificity of their interactions, proteins are increasingly used in therapy and represent a vast majority of the global pharmaceutical market. Nevertheless, these molecules are fragile and therapeutic protein stability is a major concern in pharmaceutical industry. Protein degradation and aggregation can occur at every step during production, storage, transport and delivery. In this thesis, we interrogate the possible role of intermittent wetting in protein aggregation. Intermittent wetting frequently occurs in protocols involving pumping (cavitation), agitation, and liquid handling. During intermittent wetting, the air/liquid and liquid/solid interfaces meet at a triple line or triple interface, which is a local trigger for protein aggregation because it concentrates the mechanical action of the recessing fluid on the surface adsorbed proteins. We study the effect of surface intermittent wetting on insulin aggregation. Our results demonstrate that the triple interface line, where an air/water interface meets a hydrophobic surface, allows progressive protein accumulation, and finally triggers local insulin aggregation. We also show that shear stress, alone, is not detrimental for protein stability. Additionally, Additives such as polysorbates were tested, showing that the modification of the surface tension of a protein solution impacts its ability to form aggregates. Based on this work, we propose recommendations for the design of drug delivery and preparation devices in order to limit the risk of protein aggregation at the triple interface
Devillers, Emmanuelle. "Incorporation de l'alpha-trifluorométhylalanine au sein de chaînes peptidiques : Conséquences sur l'hydrophobie, les interactions peptides-protéines et la stabilité protéolytique." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CERG0708/document.
Full textIn order to determine the impact of the trifluoromethyl group on the physico-chemical and biological properties of fluorinated peptides, we have decided to synthesize peptides incorporating α-trifluoromethyl amino-acids.Each enantiomer of α-Tfm-Alanine was prepared in an enantiopure form and in a large scale. The trifluoromethyle group placed in the α position deactivates its amine function so that its coupling needs harsh activation conditions to be achieved with mixed anhydride.The determination of the hydrophobicity of fluorinated peptides with an analytical method based on the measurement of indexes derived from retention times by RP-HPLC showed the dramatic influence of the trifluorométhyl group on the increase of the hydrophobicity.Fluorinated peptides/peptides interactions were studied for the inhibition of the aggregation of Aβ42 in patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease. The first results indicate a reduction of Aβ42 aggregation by a fluorinated peptide.Pepsine digestion of a fluorinated tetrapeptide showed a dramatic reduction of the rate of its cleavage in comparision with the peptide incorporating an alanine residu. The use of the sensitive 3-FABS 19F NMR detection method showed the recognition and the cleavage of a fluorinated peptide by trypsin which definites it as a substrate for trypsin
Lonquety, Mathieu. "Prédiction des résidus du noyau du repliement protéique et de leur stabilité." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077198.
Full textThe calculation of a 3D structure for a globular protein is well established, however, thé mechanisms involved in the folding process are still hypothetical. An algorithm that simulates the early steps of folding, on a lattice network, has previously been developed, allowing prediction of which amino acids are required to define the folding core of a protein. These residues are called Most Interacting Residues (MIR). Evaluation of this tool concludes that whilst all the essential residues needed for folding are captured, there still remains a number of false positives. Therefore, the tool's precision needs to be increased, thus additional structural data added into the current algorithm. Initially, several options were explored with the aim of improving the algorithm, these were: detection of structural and conserved motifs obtained from multiple alignments (PRINTS), autonomous folding units (Foldons), structure splitting in topological fragments (Tightened End Fragments or TEF) or triplet of conserved amino acids during Evolution (Triplets). Only thé information provided by the TEF approach allow us to achieve an improvement in our method. Subsequently, a further study was undertaken with additional data on the structural stability of a protein after point mutations. Our results show that there is a strong correlation between highly destabilizing positions in a protein structure and the MIR. All the results are available on a database located at the following URL: http://bioinformatics. Eas. Asu. Edu/sprouts. Html. These studies have given rise to a new method devoted to the prediction of residues involved in the folding nucleus, and the preliminary results are encouraging
Vo, Thi Ngoc Dung. "Étude de l'effet de l'homogénéisation sur la stabilité des protéines seules et des complexes protéines / pectines en milieu acide en présence de fibres solubles." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30253/30253.pdf.
Full textThere is an increasing demand for beverages enriched with proteins and dietary fibers but this development is still a technological challenge due to protein instability in acidic condition after heat treatment. The objective of this work was to study the effect of homogenization before/after pasteurization on the stability of proteins and proteins/pectin complexes in presence of β-glucan in juice model during the storage at 4°C. The stability was evaluated by visual observation (phase separation, precipitation) and distribution of proteins was determined at storage time of 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. The size, the charge of the particles and the viscosity of the solutions were measured in days 1 and 28. A homogenization step performed after pasteurization increased the proteins’ stability by significant decrease in particle size. However, the homogenization performed before pasteurization had no effect. The addition of low concentrations of pectin did not stabilize the proteins after pasteurization. The complexes obtained had a low charge and a large size that homogenization could not reduce. The addition of β-glucan promoted the proportion of precipitate for the beverage with proteins alone and did not affect proteins’ stability in the presence of pectin. However, the insoluble proteins in the precipitate phases are resuspended easily by some tube inversions. This work demonstrated that homogenization is a simple treatment that could help stabilize fortified beverages but it requires adaptation to usual procedure.
Bonnet, Sylvie. "Contribution à l'étude de protéines impliquées dans le contrôle de la stabilité des ARNm chez le xénope." Rennes 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN10063.
Full textChirivino, Dafne. "Rôle de l’ezrine dans l’endocytose et la stabilité des récepteurs de type tyrosine kinase." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112281.
Full textEzrin is a member of the ERM protein family, which provides a regulated linkage between the plasma membrane and the actin cytoskeleton. Ezrin has been involved in the trafficking of membrane proteins however its function in this process is as of yet unknown. Two-hybrid screens performed with ezrin as baits led to the identification of proteins involved in membrane protein transport. We analyzed the function of ezrin association with two new interactors: the HOPS complex subunit Vps11 and the E3 ubiquitin ligase WWP1. Vps11 is a member of the tethering HOPS complex that coordinates Rab and SNARE functions during vesicular fusion along the endocytic pathway. We have investigated the role of ezrin/Vps11 interaction in the endocytosis of the EGF receptor. We have shown that the interaction between ezrin and the HOPS complex promotes endosome maturation and is necessary for EGF receptor transport from early to late endosomes, therefore participating in the regulation of EGFR endocytosis and degradation. WWP1 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase of the Nedd4 family. A role for WWP1 was identified in the regulation and degradation of growth factors receptors and transcription factors. We have shown that Ezrin/WWP1 interaction results in ezrin ubiquitylation, but is not involved in regulating ezrin degradation. Rather, we were able to show that this ubiquitylation likely mediates protein interaction and that the binding between ezrin and WWP1 promotes c-Met receptor stabilization. Altogether our results indicate that ezrin participates in the control of tyrosine kinase receptor degradation by regulating the assembly of multimeric complexes involved in protein trafficking and ubiquitylation
Jarrige, Domitille. "Déchiffrer le "code OPR" pour une meilleure compréhension du rôle physiologique des protéines OPR." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS632.
Full textFollowing endosymbiosis, the chloroplast genome shrunk and became reliant on the host genome for its expression. In Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Octotricopeptide repeat proteins (OPR), encoded in the nucleus, control the expression of a specific organellar mRNA. The OPR repeat is a degenerate motif of 38 amino-acids, folding into a tandem of antiparallel α-helices which can bind to RNA. An individual OPR repeat is predicted to interact with one given nucleotide thanks to specificity-conferring residues at defined positions within the repeat. OPR proteins contain tracks of successive OPR motifs, thus they can bind to a specific RNA “target” sequence and act on it. I aimed to study this specificity, called the “OPR code”, starting with a draft code based on known OPR protein/mRNA couples. I mutated in vivo the chloroplast targets of some OPR factors to disrupt the OPR/RNA interaction, and then tried to restore it by mutating the specificity-conferring residues in the corresponding repeats. Surprisingly, OPR/RNA interactions seem very resilient, challenging our view of how the specificity is established in vivo. Complementary functional studies that I performed on the OPR factors MDB1 and MTHI1 revealed that chloroplast gene expression might rely on complex networks of nuclear factors. By cooperating those putative systems would be both more specific and more resilient
St-Louis, Catherine. "Vérification de l'impact du nombre d'hélices sur la stabilité d'une protéine toute alpha." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2007. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/2016/1/030007322.pdf.
Full textRoth, Stéphane. "Etude de films protéiques aux interfaces huile/eau par tensiométrie et rhéologie interfaciale." Dijon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001DIJOS040.
Full textGilis, Dimitri. "Prédiction du repliement et de la stabilité de protéines par des potentiels dérivés de structures connues." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211942.
Full textRevenu, Céline. "Stabilité et dynamique de la microvillosité instestinale : fonction des protéines de mise en faisceau de l'actine." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066500.
Full textThe individual and the simultaneous invalidations of the genes encoding for the bundling proteins, villin, I-fimbrin ans espin do not abolish the formation of intestinal microvilli in mice. The possibilities of formation of this structure in the absence of bundling proteins is discussed. What is then the role of these proteins in the enterocytes ? We demonstrate that villin actin severing property enhances an actin-based movement. We also report polarity and stability defects of the apical network of the enterocytes lacking I-fimbrin. A model in which villin acts as a destabilising factor of the cytoskeleton of the microvilli that would be compensated by the stabilising effect of I-fimbrin is proposed. These two proteins would be two protagonists, on the one hand maintaining the microvilli in a dynamic equilibrium in normal conditions, and on the other hand allowing a fast remodelling of the structure in response to stresses
Drogat, Julie. "Rôle des protéines Ssl3 et Ssl38 dans la transmission des chromosomes chez Schizosaccharomyces Pompe." Bordeaux 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR21497.
Full textIn all eukaryotes, the genome stability relies on accurate chromosome segregation throughout mitotic divisions. During early mitosis, each duplicated chromosomes condense into a pair of tightly linked sister chromatids and centromeres capture spindle microtubules. At the metaphase to anaphase transition, cohesion between sister chromatids is removed, triggering their migration towards the opposite spindle poles. Sister chromatid cohesion is ensured by cohesin, a proteinaceous complex loaded onto chromosomes in G1 and maitained chromosomally bound until anaphase onset. The mechanisms through which cohesin is loaded onto chromosomes and ensures cohesion are ill defined. In most eukaryotes, centromeres are made of heterochromatin : a specialized form of chromatin whose assembly and maintenance rely on the RNAi pathway. Mutations affecting structural components of heterochromatin, such as Swi6/HP1 in fission yeast, impair chromosome segregation. In order to investigate the biological functions of Swi6, its functional partners were sought through a genetic screen. Here I report on the study of ss13 and ss138 (swi6 synthetic lethal). The ss13 gene encodes a cohesin loading factor, whose function in G1 in evolutionarily conserved. Unexpectedly, ss138 encodes a spliceosome component. Experimental data indicate that ss138 is essential for centrometric heterochromatin integrity and accurate chromosome segregation. The biological significance of a link between Ss138, RNA modifications and the assembly of centrometric heterochromatin is discussed
Martin, Sophie. "Le composant des granules de stress G3BP : caractérisation phénotypique de souris KO, et identification de son interactome ribonucléoprotéique dans le cerveau de souris." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20247.
Full textRNA binding proteins (RBPs) are essential in the different steps of processing of the messenger RNAs (mRNAs), directing their localization and fate within the cell, and forming with them the ribonucleoprotein particles (mRNPs). mRNPs can assemble into dynamic cellular structures in which they are routed towards specific functions. RNA granules such as stress granules (SGs) contain translationally silenced mRNPs storing transiently repressed mRNAs.My thesis work consisted in the functional characterization of G3BP (RasGAP SH3 binding protein), an RBP that is expressed ubiquitously in both humans and mice and is involved in the assembly of SGs. Using classical homozygous recombination, viable G3BP1 knock out mice were generated that demonstrated short lifespan.and behavioral defects linked to the Central Nervous System (CNS), notably an ataxia phenotype. Electrophysiology experiments showed an alteration of synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus of KO mice. Therefore, I used Cross-Linking and Immunoprecipitation (CLIP) to purify from mouse brain a stable complex containing G3BP, and performed High-Throughput Sequencing (HITS-CLIP) to identify associated RNAs. Strikingly, most of the G3BP targets correspond to intron sequence-retaining transcripts and non-coding RNAs. My results also showed that G3BP1 depletion influences the stability of these premature transcripts in the cerebellum, which can be correlated to the ataxia phenotype of the G3BP1 KO mice. This comprehensive analysis suggests a new mechanism of gene regulation based on stabilization of silenced premature transcripts which might be converted to mature transcripts under stress condition and sequestration of G3BP in SGs
Folch, Benjamin. "Etude bioinformatique de la stabilité thermique des protéines: conception de potentiels statistiques dépendant de la température et développement d'approches prédictives." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210106.
Full textLa première partie a pour objectif l’identification des facteurs de séquence et de structure (e.g. fréquence de ponts salins, d’interactions cation-{pi}) responsables des différentes stabilités thermiques de protéines homologues au sein de huit familles (chapitre 2). La spécificité de chaque famille ne nous a pas permis de généraliser l’impact de ces différents facteurs sur la stabilité thermique des protéines. Cependant, cette approche nous a permis de constater la multitude de stratégies différentes suivies par les protéines pour atteindre une plus grande thermostabilité.
La deuxième partie concerne le développement d’une approche originale pour évaluer l’influence de la température sur la contribution de différents types d’interactions à l’énergie libre de repliement des protéines (chapitres 3 et 4). Cette approche repose sur la dérivation de potentiels statistiques à partir d’ensembles de protéines de thermostabilité moyenne distincte. Nous avons d’une part collecté le plus grand nombre possible de protéines de structure et de Tm déterminées expérimentalement, et d’autre part développé des potentiels tenant compte de l’adaptation des protéines aux températures extrêmes au cours de leur évolution. Cette méthode originale a mis en évidence la dépendance en la température d’interactions protéiques tels les ponts salins, les interactions cation-{pi}, certains empilements hydrophobes .Elle nous a en outre permis de mettre le doigt sur l’importance de considérer la dépendance en la température non seulement des interactions attractives mais également des interactions répulsives, ainsi que sur l’importance de décrire la résistance thermique par la Tm plutôt que la Tenv, température de l’environnement de l’organisme dont elle provient (chapitre 5).
La dernière partie de cette thèse concerne l’utilisation des profils énergétiques dans un but prédictif. Tout d’abord, nous avons développé un logiciel bioinformatique pour prédire la thermostabilité d’une protéine sur la base de la thermostabilité de protéines homologues. Cet outil s’est avéré prometteur après l’avoir testé sur huit familles de protéines homologues. Nous avons également développé un deuxième outil bioinformatique pour prédire les changements de thermostabilité d’une protéine engendrés par l’introduction d’une mutation ponctuelle, en s’inspirant d’un logiciel de prédiction des changements de stabilité thermodynamique des protéines développé au sein de notre équipe de recherche. Ce deuxième algorithme de prédiction repose sur le développement d’une grande base de données de mutants caractérisés expérimentalement, d’une combinaison linéaire de potentiels pour évaluer la Tm, et d’un réseau de neurones pour identifier les coefficients de la combinaison. Les prédictions générées par notre logiciel ont été comparées à celles obtenues via la corrélation qui existe entre stabilités thermique et thermodynamique, et se sont avérées plus fiables.
Les travaux décrits dans notre thèse, et en particulier le développement de potentiels statistiques dépendant de la température, constituent une nouvelle approche très prometteuse pour comprendre et prédire la thermostabilité des protéines. En outre, nos travaux de recherche ont permis de développer une méthodologie qui pourra être adaptée à l’étude et à la prédiction d’autres propriétés physico chimiques des protéines comme leur solubilité, leur stabilité vis à vis de l’acidité, de la pression, de la salinité .lorsque suffisamment de données expérimentales seront disponibles.
Doctorat en Sciences agronomiques et ingénierie biologique
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Guy, Philippe. "Utilisation de la spectrométrie de masse pour l'étude structurale des protéines." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10085.
Full textDufrechou, Marie. "Les instabilités protéiques des vins blancs : étude des mécanismes physico-chimiques impliqués dans l’agrégation." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20109/document.
Full textIn enology, the haze formation in white wine is a visual defect, related to the presence of proteins. This problem is inacceptable for the consumer. It is attributed to a slow unfolding of protein conformation (in white wine at a concentration ranging from 15 to 330 mg.L-1), leading to their aggregation. This phenomenon is accelerated by an exposure to excessive temperature during the storage or the transport. It can also develop on conventional storage conditions but following very slow kinetics (> 12 months). It is influenced by the wine composition in non proteinaceous compounds such as ions, polyphenols and polysaccharides. To prevent this problem, some tests and treatments are used before bottling. However, even if they are efficient, they are non specific to proteins and lead to a diminution of wine organoleptic quality and a non negligible loss of product. The aim of this work is to progress on the identification of physico-chemical mechanisms involved in aggregation. To this end, experiments were performed on model systems and wine, at different conditions of temperature, pH, ionic strength. Results evidenced that specific wine proteins were involved in haze formation whereas others were not. The main role played by pH and ionic strength on aggregation mechanisms, aggregates characteristics and final haze was highlighted. The impact of wine polysaccharides was studied. They modulated the aggregation phenomenon but did not prevent it. Moreover, conformational modifications induced by low pH of some wine proteins were highlighted. These results give some supplementary information for the development of news tests and treatments alternatives, more specific
Nault, Laurent. "Mécanismes moléculaires de l'agrégation de l'insuline induite par la surface des matériaux." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00846390.
Full textCumenal, Delphine. "Cycline G, contrôle de la transcription et stabilité du développement." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066298.
Full textDuring development, cells progressively acquire their identity by establishing specific transcriptional profiles that will be maintained throughout successive cell divisions by epigenetic mechanisms. Despite numerous sources of developmental variability - whether environmental, genetic or stochastic, living organisms exhibit uncannily stereotyped phenotypes, suggesting the existence of regulation processes tending to developmental homeostasis. In Drosophila, Cyclin G could participate in developmental stability, which buffers stochastic developmental variation. Moreover, this cyclin is a transcriptional regulator and interacts with two Enhancers of Trithorax and Polycomb (ETP): ASX and Corto, both involved in transcriptional gene silencing and activation. By studying the transcriptome of Drosophila imaginal wing discs overexpressing Cyclin G, we have identified its transcriptional targets. We determined that the ETP-interacting domain of Cyclin G (which binds ASX and Corto) may be involved in developmental stability. Our results show that a functional interaction between Cyclin G and two Polycomb group complexes involved in transcriptional gene silencing (PR-DUB and PRC1), may control the expression of genes required for developmental stability. Additionally, Cycling G might participate indevelopmental stability through functional interactions with splicing factors. Altogether, our results suggest that Cyclin G deregulation may induce an increase in transcriptional noise, resulting in heightened developmental variation
Astier, Catherine. "Caractérisation des propriétés d'interaction de la titine, protéine musculaire géante, et stabilité des structures sarcomériques." Montpellier 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON1T033.
Full textMerstorf, Céline. "Stabilité conformationnelle et dépliement de la protéine MalE : Étude par nanopore et par spectroscopie RMN." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CERG0571/document.
Full textWe study the unfolding-transport mechanism of the Maltose Binding Protein (MBP or MalE), a periplasm protein of E. Coli and a destabilised variant, the MalE219, as the function of the concentration of denaturing agent, Guanidine Hydrochloride(GdnHCl) at the single molecule level. The technique is based on the electrical detection of the macromolecule transport through a nanometer-scale channel, Aerolysin channel, inserted into a planar lipid bilayer. Results obtained were compared to previous data with another channel, the alpha-Hemolysin. Both channels have different geometry and net charge.We show that we can distinguish unfolded states from partially folded ones with aerolysin pore.Unfolded proteins induce short current blockades, their duration is constant as a function of the concentration of denaturing agent. Partially folded proteins exhibit long blockades whose life times decrease as the concentration of GdnHCl increase, this indicates a possible glassy dynamics.The frequency of the short current blockades increases as the concentration of denaturing agent increases, following a sigmoidal denaturation curve.The unfolding curve of native MBP with Aerolysin pore is similar to the one previously measured with Hemolysin channel. The denaturation curve of the destabilized variant obtained with Aerolysin is shifted towards lower value of GdnHCl concentration in agreement with bulk measurements. We show also that the addition of maltose stabilizes the structure of MalE219. This nanopore recording technique is also suitable for the study of unfolding and conformation changes of proteins.In order to obtain structural informations that nanopore recording cannot provides, the structure of MBP along its denaturation curve was studied by NMR spectroscopy. The Hydrogen-exchange method known to be sensitive to folding intermediates was specially used. It consists in tracking hydrogen-deuterium exchange rates for amino on the 2D 1H-15N HSQC spectra.Thus, 180 residus of 370 for MBP was followed during denaturation in the presence of GdnHCl. The two last helices in C-terminal of MBP are accessible to the solvent and are denaturated easily. MBP is a two domains protein, N-ter domain and C-ter domain. It was found out that the C- and D-domain of MBP (mainly alpha-helices) could be relatively stable in presence of denaturing agent and that beta strands which make the link between the two domains would be affected by the denaturing agent. It was proposed that partially unfolded proteins enter the pore by the C-terminal end and that stable tertiary structure still present block the pore
Déry, Ugo. "La méthylation des arginines : impact sur la fonction de la protéine MRE11 dans le maintien de la stabilité du génome." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19992.
Full textLe complexe MRN (MRE11-RAD50-NBS1) est essentiel au maintien de la stabilité du génome chez les eucaryotes supérieurs. Il a été démontré que la sous-unité MRE11 du complexe MRN, qui possède une activité nucléase nécessaire aux mécanismes de réparation des cassures double-brin (CDBs). est méthylée sur les arginines de façon asymétrique. Cette méthylation est effectuée par la protéine PRMT1 et survient sur les arginines du motif GAR (Glycine-Arginine Rich) de la protéine MRE11. Cet événement arrive apparemment avant l'incorporation de MRE11 dans le complexe MRN. Le motif GAR de MRE11 influence la relocalisation in vivo de MRN en réponse aux CDBs. en plus d'affecter la réponse de signalisation des CDBs. De plus, une analyse des mutants ponctuels sur les arginines du motif GAR de MRE11 montre que ces arginines normalement méthylées influencent l'activité nucléase de MRE11 in vitro. Finalement, nous montrons que le domaine GAR de MRE11 permet la liaison de la protéine SMN par son domaine tudor, in vivo et in vitro. Cette interaction suggère la participation de SMN au niveau de la réparation des CDBs, ce qui est supporté par la sensibilité aux CDBs des cellules mutantes pour le gène smnl. Nos résultats démontrent, pour la première fois, une implication possible de SMN dans la réparation de l'ADN.
Langlois, de Septenville Anne. "Rôle des hélicases et des protéines de la recombinaison lors des collisions entre la réplication et la transcription." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066515.
Full textHardy, Florence. "Importance des boucles de surface pour la stabilité des protéases neutres de la famille des Bacilli." Compiègne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992COMPD537.
Full textZidane, Nora. "Remaniements rationnel de la protéine d'enveloppe virale et de ses domaines pour la détection des infections à flavivirus et l'étude d'interactions avec ses récepteurs." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077149.
Full textThe envelope protein of Flaviviruses includes 3 ectodomains and a membrane segment. I have characterized the properties of its domain III (ED3) in vitro. I measured the thermodynamic stability of ED3 by experiments of unfolding equilibria, chemically or thermically induced and monitored by spectrofluorimetry; increased the stability of ED3 by changes of residues in its hydrophobic core without affecting its antigenicity; and showed that an ED3 domain, consensus for all the dengue viruses (DENV), was highly stable. The human Ribosomal Protein SA (RPSA) includes a folded N-terminal domain and a disordered C-terminal domain. We quantified their interactions with the ED3 domains of pathogenic Flaviviruses, laminin, heparin and an anticarcinogen (EGCG) by immunochemical and spectrofluorimétrie methods in vitro. I showed that the N- and C-domains had both idiosyncratic and shared fonctions, and that the C-domain mimicked heparin. We determined the serotype specificity of IgMs that were directed to the ED3 domain of each serotype of DENV by using DENV-infected or -uninfected human serums and a statistical analysis by receiving operator characteristic (ROC) curves. These serums were tested in MAC-ELISA with the 4 serotypes of a dimeric hybrid between ED3 and E, coli alkaline phosphatase. The discrimination by ED3 between serums infected by the homotypic DENV and uninfected serums varied with the serotype; it was maximal with the ED3 from DENV1 whatever the infecting serotype. Some ED3 domains discriminated between sérotypes of DENV. Potential applications are described
Jiao, Yue. "Rôle de l'intéraction Asf1-Rad53 dans la stabilité génomique chez S.cerevisiae." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112105/document.
Full textAsf1 is a histone chaperone, which participates in the assembly and disassembly of histones H3/H4 on DNA. Asf1 is not essential for cell viability in yeast, but the DNA damage checkpoints are constitutively activated in cells lacking Asf1 and they are hypersensitive to several types of genotoxic stress. In yeast, Asf1 forms a stable complex with Rad53 in the absence of genotoxic stress. Our results suggest that this complex involves at Ieast three interaction surfaces. One site involves the H3-binding surface of Asf1 with an as yet undefined surface of Rad53, probably reside in the kinase domain of Rad53. A second site is formed by the Rad53-FHA1 domain binding to Asf1-T270. The third site involves the C-terminal 21 aa of Rad53 bound to the conserved Asf1 N-terminal domain, where Rad53 competes with histone H3/H4 and co-chaperones HirA/CAF-1 for binding to the same surface of Asf1. Rad53 is phosphorylated and activated upon genotoxic stress. The Asf1-Rad53 complex dissociated when cells were treated with hydroxyurea but not methyl methane sulfonate, suggesting a regulation of the complex as a function of the stress.In addition to these results, we also found that the rad53-A806R+L808R mutation at the C-terminus of Rad53 destabilized the Asf1-Rad53 interaction and increased the viability of rad9 and rad24 mutants to genotoxic stress. The rad53-ALRR mutant also appeared to re-enter the cell cycle and/or traverse S-phase more rapidly than wild type and increased repair or adaptation when combined with the rad24 mutant
Micoud, Julien. "Rôles des interactions interdomaines dans le comportement cellulaire de la protéine CFTR." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00363323.
Full textDans le but de préciser ceux-ci, nous avons étudié le comportement intracellulaire de protéines CFTR génétiquement modifiées. Nos résultats ont confirmé que contrairement à NBD2, NBD1 est essentiel pour la maturation et le trafic de CFTR vers la membrane plasmique. Bien que NBD2 ne soit pas important pour le repliement de la protéine, nous avons montré pour la première fois que celui-ci était nécessaire pour la stabilité de CFTR à la membrane plasmique. Nous avons montré que le 6ème segment transmembranaire de TMD1 n'est pas stable dans la membrane plasmique et doit être important pour le repliement de la protéine, sans doute par son implication dans l'interaction entre les TMDs.
L'ensemble de ces résultats confirme aussi l'importance des interactions interdomaines dans le comportement cellulaire de la protéine CFTR.
Micoud, Julien. "Rôles des interactions interdomaines dans le comportement cellulaire de la protéine CFTR." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE10093.
Full textDeletion of Phe-508 (Delta F508) in the NBD1 of CFTR, an ABC chloride channel protein, causes its retention in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by preventing its conformational maturation without altering profoundly the local structure of NBD1, but possibly by disrupting the interaction between NBD1, NBD2, TMD1 and/or TMD2. However, the individual role of each domain in biogenesis, folding, maturation and membrane stability of a full length CFTR is still under debate. Using biochemistry, molecular and cellular biology methods, we demonstrate for the first time that each CFTR domain has a specific role. Our results showed that intact NBD1 at its N-terminal position is important in maturation and folding processes compared to NBD2 that was mandatory for CFTR function and membrane stability. The later was not affected by the CFTR folding state. Finally, TMD1 transmembrane segment 6 (S6) did not affect CFTR lipid bilayer orientation but did stop its maturation, suggesting the implication of S6 in CFTR domains interaction that is necessary for its normal cellular behaviour. Together, our results showed that CFTR folding is tightly depending on its domains interaction
Lemelin, Emmanuel. "La qualité technologique du blé tendre : effets de la distribution des masses moléculaires des protéines de réserve." Rennes, Agrocampus, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NSARC081.
Full textMilling and breadmaking end-uses are defining by agronomical, technological and biochemical criterion. Roots of variations are variety, location, year and theirs respective interactions. As for performance as stability, molecular weight distribution (MWD) of wheat proteins are related with mixograph test and breadmaking. Lacks of the characterization of molecular weight distribution for polymer sizes upper than steric exclusion size limit do not exist with the use of field-flow fractination combined with UV and light scattering detectors. This application allowed us to differentiate flours saples for their MWD ; experimental design contained 5 hybrid wheat warieties and 11 cultivars (9 parental) on 8 localisations for 2 years (at different location). Heritability for all criterions was calculated and was small calculated and was small for glutenin polymers MWD. It confirmed polymers hyperagration hypothesis during grain maturation, witch was major influenced by location effect. For performance and stability reasons for yield and end-use quality, hybrid wheat varieties have been analysed to respond at miller and baker industries. Our works identified agronomical, technological and biochemical parameters for witch analysed hybrid flours were performing (yield) and stable (loaf volume, mixograph peak time MWD parameters) comparing with fixed varieties. Loaf volume stability has been related with glutenin polymers MWD stability (R2 between 0. 70 et 0. 76)
Combes, Didier. "Influence du microenvironnement sur l'activité, la spécificité et la stabilité des enzymes : [thèse en partie soutenue sur un ensemble de travaux]." Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU30232.
Full textXhemalce, Blerta. "Rôle de SUMO dans l'(in)stabilité génétique chez S. Pombe." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077177.
Full textSumoylation represents a conserved mechanism of post-translational modification resulting in the covalent attachment of the Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier SUMO protein on target proteins. Here, we have used S. Pombe, a monocellular eukaryotic organism providinq powerfull genetic tools as a model system to elucidate the roles of sumoylation in cellullar processes responsible for the maintenance of the stability of the genome. We showed Pli 1p to be a SUMO E3 Ligase of the Siz/PIAS family implicated in three key nuclear fonctions for genetic stability : the centromeres, the telomères and the repair of DMA damage occurring durina the S phase of genome duplication
Dehouck, Yves. "Développement de potentiels statistiques pour l'étude in silico de protéines et analyse de structurations alternatives." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211040.
Full textLe premier aspect de notre travail concerne le développement de potentiels statistiques dérivés de bases de données de protéines dont les structures sont connues. Ces potentiels présentent plusieurs avantages: ils peuvent être aisément adaptés à des représentations structurales simplifiées, et permettent de définir un nombre limité de fonctions énergétiques qui incarnent l'ensemble complexe d'interactions gouvernant la structure et la stabilité des protéines, et qui incluent également certaines contributions entropiques. Cependant, leur signification physique reste assez nébuleuse, car l'impact des diverses hypothèses nécessaires à leur dérivation est loin d'être clairement établi. Nous nous sommes attachés à l'étude de certaines limitations des ces potentiels: leur dépendance en la taille des protéines incluses dans la base de données, la non-additivité des termes de potentiels, et l'importance souvent négligée de l'environnement protéique spécifique ressenti par chaque résidu. Nous avons ainsi mis en évidence que l'influence de la taille des protéines de la base de données sur les potentiels de distance entre résidus est spécifique à chaque paire d'acides aminés, peut être relativement importante, et résulte essentiellement de la répartition inhomogène des résidus hydrophobes et hydrophiles entre le coeur et la surface des protéines. Ces résultats ont guidé la mise au point de fonctions correctives qui permettent de tenir compte de cette influence lors de la dérivation des potentiels. Par ailleurs, la définition d'une procédure générale de dérivation de potentiels et de termes de couplage a rendu possible la création d'une fonction énergétique qui tient compte simultanément de plusieurs descripteurs de séquence et de structure (la nature des résidus, leurs conformations, leurs accessibilités au solvant, ainsi que les distances qui les séparent dans l'espace et le long de la séquence). Cette fonction énergétique présente des performances nettement améliorées par rapport aux potentiels originaux, et par rapport à d'autres potentiels décrits dans la littérature.
Le deuxième aspect de notre travail concerne l'application de programmes basés sur des potentiels statistiques à l'étude de protéines qui adoptent des structures alternatives. La permutation de domaines est un phénomène qui affecte diverses protéines et qui implique la génération d'un oligomère suite à l'échange de fragments structuraux entre monomères identiques. Nos résultats suggèrent que la présence de "faiblesses structurales", c'est-à-dire de régions qui ne sont pas optimales vis-à-vis de la stabilité de la structure native ou qui présentent une préférence marquée pour une conformation non-native en absence d'interactions tertiaires, est intimement liée aux mécanismes de permutation. Nous avons également mis en évidence l'importance des interactions de type cation-{pi}, qui sont fréquemment observées dans certaines zones clés de la permutation. Finalement, nous avons sélectionné un ensemble de mutations susceptibles de modifier sensiblement la propension de diverses protéines à permuter. L'étude expérimentale de ces mutations devrait permettre de valider, ou de raffiner, les hypothèses que nous avons proposées quant au rôle joué par les faiblesses structurales et les interactions de type cation-{pi}. Nous avons également analysé une autre protéine soumise à d'importants réarrangements conformationnels: l'{alpha}1-antitrypsine. Dans le cas de cette protéine, les modifications structurales sont indispensables à l'exécution de l'activité biologique normale, mais peuvent sous certaines conditions mener à la formation de polymères insolubles et au développement de maladies. Afin de contribuer à une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes responsables de la polymérisation, nous avons cherché à concevoir rationnellement des protéines mutantes qui présentent une propension à polymériser contrôlée. Des tests expérimentaux ont été réalisés par le groupe australien du Professeur S.P. Bottomley, et ont permis de valider nos prédictions de manière assez remarquable.
The work presented in this thesis concerns the computational study of the relationships between the sequence of a protein and its three-dimensional structure(s). The unravelling of these relationships has many applications in different domains and is probably one of the most fascinating issues in molecular biology.
The first part of our work is devoted to the development of statistical potentials derived from databases of known protein structures. These potentials allow to define a limited number of energetic functions embodying the complex ensemble of interactions that rule protein folding and stability (including some entropic contributions), and can be easily adapted to simplified representations of protein structures. However, their physical meaning remains unclear since several hypotheses and approximations are necessary, whose impact is far from clearly understood. We studied some of the limitations of these potentials: their dependence on the size of the proteins included in the database, the non-additivity of the different potential terms, and the importance of the specific environment of each residue. Our results show that residue-based distance potentials are affected by the size of the database proteins, and that this effect can be quite strong, is residue-specific, and seems to result mostly from the inhomogeneous partition of hydrophobic and hydrophilic residues between the surface and the core of proteins. On the basis of these observations, we defined a set of corrective functions in order to take protein size into account while deriving the potentials. On the other hand, we developed a general procedure of derivation of potentials and coupling terms and consequently created an energetic function describing the correlations between several sequence and structure descriptors (the nature of each residue, the conformation of its main chain, its solvent accessibility, and the distances that separate it from other residues, in space and along the sequence). This energetic function presents a strongly improved predictive power, in comparison with the original potentials and with other potentials described in the literature.
The second part describes the application of different programs, based on statistical potentials, to the study of proteins that adopt alternative structures. Domain swapping involves the exchange of a structural element between identical proteins, and leads to the generation of an oligomeric unit. We showed that the presence of “structural weaknesses”, regions that are not optimal with respect to the folding mechanisms or to the stability of the native structure, seems to be intimately linked with the swapping mechanisms. In addition, cation-{pi} interactions were frequently detected in some key locations and might also play an important role. Finally, we designed a set of mutations that are likely to affect the swapping propensities of different proteins. The experimental study of these mutations should allow to validate, or refine, our hypotheses concerning the importance of structural weaknesses and cation-{pi} interactions. We also analysed another protein that undergoes large conformational changes: {alpha}1-antitrypsin. In this case, the structural modifications are necessary to the proper execution of the biological activity. However, under certain circumstances, they lead to the formation of insoluble polymers and the development of diseases. With the aim of reaching a better understanding of the mechanisms that are responsible for this polymerisation, we tried to design mutant proteins that display a controlled polymerisation propensity. An experimental study of these mutants was conducted by the group of Prof. S.P. Bottomley, and remarkably confirmed our predictions.
Doctorat en sciences appliquées
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Katava, Marina. "Thermophilic proteins : stability and function." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC151/document.
Full textTemperature is one of the major factors governing life as demonstrated by the fine tuning of stability and activity of the molecular machinery, proteins in particular. The structural stability and activity of proteins have been often presented as equivalent. However, the thermophilic proteins are stable at ambient condition, but lack activity, the latter recovered only when the temperature increases to match that of the optimal growth condition for the hosting organism. In discussing the protein stability and activity, mechanical rigidity is often used as a relevant parameter, offering a simple and appealing explanation of both the extreme thermodynamic stability and the lack of activity at low temperature. The reality, however, illustrates the complexity of the rigidity/flexibility trade off in ensuring stability and activity through intricate thermodynamic and molecular mechanisms. Here we investigate the problem by studying three study cases. These are used to relate the thermal effects on mechanical properties and the stability and activity of the proteins. For instance, we have probed the thermal activation of functional modes in EF G-domain and Lactate/Malate dehydrogenase mesophilic and thermophilic homologues and verified a “universal” scaling of atomistic fluctuation of the Lysozyme approaching the melting in different environmental conditions. Our conclusions largely rest on an in silico approach, where molecular dynamics and enhanced sampling techniques are utilized, and are often complemented with neutron scattering experiments
Adam, Kévin. "Etude de la stabilité et des mécanismes d'action de la protéine kinase oncogénique Pim-2 dans la Leucémie Aigüe Myéloïde." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05S008/document.
Full textThe kinases of Pim family are implicated in many haematological cancers, whose Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) and multiple myeloma. Contrary of the most others proteins kinases which needs activation by the preliminary phosphorylation of catalytic domain, the activity of Pim kinases is constitutive. The regulation of Pim2 expression and its mechanisms of action are not well-known. One part of my project consisted in the study of the expression and stability of Pim2 in AML and myeloma cells. I have shown that the expression of Pim2 is regulated at transcriptional level by STAT5. The three isoforms of Pim2 have very short half-lives. Theirs fast degradations seem to be constitutive and independent of intracellular pathway. It involves the proteasome machinery but not seems to need the preliminary ubiquitination of the protein. Forms of Pim2 accumulated in the cells when the proteasome is inhibited are actives. These firsts data drove me to think about the interest of Pim inhibitor in multiple myeloma, where the using of proteasome inhibitor as treatment increase the accumulation of this oncogenic kinase. The second part of my project was to identify the potentials substrates and partners of Pim2 in AML. In this aim, I developed a method of metabolic labelling coupled with a global quantitative phosphoproteomic approach, as well as a specific antibody targeted against this protein to realize an interactome analysis of Pim2. The informations obtained allowed me to show the activation of mTORC1 pathway by Pim2 and to identify the Polo-Like Kinase (PLK1) as a new substrate and partner of Pim2. My results show that Pim2 and PLK1 are colocalized during the differents mitotic phases, particularly at the midbody level during the separation of cell
Mombelli, Enrico. "Stabilité conformationnelle et mécanisme de dénaturation de protéines thermostables : étude de la carboxypeptidase et de la ribonucléase Sso7D de l'archéobactérie thermoacidophile "Sulfolobus solfataricus"." Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20165.
Full textQuioc-Salomon, Barbara. "Rôle de la protéine HBC du virus de l'hépatite B sur la biologie des ARN viraux." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. https://theses.md.univ-paris-diderot.fr/QUIOC_SALOMON_Barbara_va.pdf.
Full textChronic HBV carriers (CHB) are at high risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma. Because covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) persists in infected cells through RNA expression, deciphering the mechanisms involved in RNA transcription and stability is a crucial step to identify new antiviral targets. In addition to its role in capsid formation, HBV core protein (HBc) has been shown to be associated with the cccDNA and to modulate its structure, yet the impact of this modification on HBV transcription is not fully understood. To better understand the role of HBc in this context we constructed several mutants deficient for HBc expression. The first mutant has two stop codons after codon 27 in HBc followed by a substitution of the HBc sequence by a sequence encoding different epitopes. During infection, this virus shows a strong decrease in expression of viral RNA, which cannot be rescued by re-expression of HBc. The quantification of nascent RNAs shows that the defect appears to be post-transcriptional and is present as early as 2h after transcription. These results suggest that the observed defect is independent of HBc and that the deleted sequence in the HBV genome of this mutant could be involved in a post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism. With this mutant, we have been able to demonstrate that the HBc protein provided by the capsid during infection is able to re-associate onto the cccDNA in the nucleus. We then studied HBc mutants generated in the context of the the wild-type virus sequence, without the substitution. When expressed from a plasmid expressing both the genome and the HBc protein under the control of SV40 promoter, we observe a decrease of the pgRNA expression for mutants having the stop codons after the 27th or 38th codon of HBc, but not when the stop codon is located after the 67th codon. These results suggest that displacement of the HBc stop codon induces a decrease in pgRNA expression, independently of HBc protein, and that the natural stop codon of HBc could be protected from viral RNA surveillance pathways such as nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) that recognizes RNAs with a premature stop codon. During infections with these viruses, and therefore in the absence of HBc, we observed an increased in the defect for viruses having stop codons at position 27 and 38 and a defect appears for a virus having the stop codon at position 67. In this context, in the absence of HBc, we have seen that RNAs encoding surface proteins are also impacted and that RNA expression can be partially restored by HBc expression. By chromosome conformation capture techniques we were able to observe that the HBc-27* HBV virus is no longer excluded from repressed regions associated with lamins, indicating that the HBc protein could be involved in the localization of the cccDNA at active chromatin regions favorable for transcription.In order to understand the mechanisms involved in HBc regulation, we have isolated the nuclear partners of HBc and highlighted many factors involved in the RNA and DNA regulation, in the DNA damage repair and RNA processing.Overall, our results shed light on the regulatory mechanisms of HBV RNA biology