Relevant bibliographies by topics / Stabilization of recycled aggregate

Academic literature on the topic 'Stabilization of recycled aggregate'

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Published: 14 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Stabilization of recycled aggregate"

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Deng, Miaoyi, Xiangbing Xie, Kaiwei Wang, Mingwei Wang, Jinggan Shao, Zi Yun Li, and Hui Wang. "Investigating the Effects of Recycled Micropowder and Aggregate on the Properties of Cement Stabilization of Crushed Aggregate (CSCA)." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (September 21, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6757742.

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The recycled powder produced in the process of crushing concrete and brick waste (C&BW) into recycled aggregate will cause environmental pollution. To realize the green full recycling of concrete and brick waste, the cement stabilization of crushed aggregate (CSCA) containing recycled brick-concrete composite micropowder (RBCP) and recycled brick-concrete composite aggregate (RBCA) is proposed. In this paper, RBCP, recycled brick-concrete composite fine aggregate (RBCFA), and recycled brick-concrete composite coarse aggregate (RBCCA) were the recycled materials from C&BW. The orthogonal test table was used to analyze the effects of the three recycled materials on the compaction characteristics, mechanical properties, and shrinkage behavior of CSCA at different dosages. The effects of RBCP, RBCCA, and RBCFA on the properties of CSCA are studied by variance analysis methods. On this basis, the micromorphology and the interface transition zone (ITZ) were studied for CSCA and the cement stabilization of crushed aggregate with RBCP, RBCFA, and RBCCA through scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), and the mechanism was revealed. The results indicate that the addition of RBCP and RBCA can increase the optimal water content while decreasing the optimal dry density of CSCA, and the influence of RBCCA on the optimal water content is greater than that of RBCFA. Three optimal composite replacement systems for CSCA, including 20% RBCP/20%RBCFA/40%RBCCA, are proposed and have the best mechanical and antishrinkage performance through the range analysis. Furthermore, the variance analysis test results show that RBCCA and RBCFA have the most significant effect on the compressive strength and shrinkage strain properties, while RBCP has the most significant effect on the bending tensile strength. It is found that RBCP played a filling effect and pozzolanic activity in the strength formation of CSCA. The SEM/EDS test shows that the CSCA with recycled materials produced the Ca/Si ratio in the interfacial zone between the cement paste and aggregate lower than the CSCA without recycled materials, the largest decline 52.83%. The research results of this paper can provide the potential application of RBCP and RBCA.
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Zhang, Yang, Bora Cetin, and Tuncer B. Edil. "Seasonal Performance Evaluation of Pavement Base Using Recycled Materials." Sustainability 13, no. 22 (November 17, 2021): 12714. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132212714.

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Using recycled pavement materials to construct new pavement base is currently an important construction strategy bringing improved sustainability. This study investigates the long-term performance of pavement bases constructed with recycled concrete aggregate (RCA), reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), and blends with natural aggregates in a seasonal frost region. The stabilization effect of fly ash on RAP was studied as well. In situ falling weight deflectometer (FWD) tests were routinely conducted to provide seasonal deflection data, which were used to back-calculate the layer modulus. Seasonal changes in the base layer modulus along with the pavement ride quality were monitored. One of the two lanes at the test sections was consistently subjected to traffic loading, whereas the other one was not. Findings from this field research indicated that after undergoing over 8 years of naturally seasonal freeze-thaw conditions, 100% RCA, 50% RCA, plus 50% natural aggregates, and 100% RAP, presented improved performance over 100% natural aggregates. However, 50% RAP blended with 50% natural aggregates performed comparably to natural aggregates only, and fly ash did not provide considerable improvement on the long-term performance of 50% RAP plus 50% natural aggregate base. Seasonal climatic variations turned out to affect pavement performance more critically than traffic loading.
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Anastasiou, Eleftherios, Michail Papachristoforou, Dimitrios Anesiadis, Konstantinos Zafeiridis, and Eirini-Chrysanthi Tsardaka. "Investigation of the Use of Recycled Concrete Aggregates Originating from a Single Ready-Mix Concrete Plant." Applied Sciences 8, no. 11 (November 3, 2018): 2149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8112149.

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The waste produced from ready-mixed concrete (RMC) industries poses an environmental challenge regarding recycling. Three different waste products form RMC plants were investigated for use as recycled aggregates in construction applications. Crushed hardened concrete from test specimens of at least 40 MPa compressive strength (HR) and crushed hardened concrete from returned concrete (CR) were tested for their suitability as concrete aggregates and then used as fine and coarse aggregate in new concrete mixtures. In addition, cement sludge fines (CSF) originating from the washing of concrete trucks were tested for their properties as filler for construction applications. Then, CSF was used at 10% and 20% replacement rates as a cement replacement for mortar production and as an additive for soil stabilization. The results show that, although there is some reduction in the properties of the resulting concrete, both HR and CR can be considered good-quality recycled aggregates, especially when the coarse fraction is used. Furthermore, HR performs considerably better than CR both as coarse and as fine aggregate. CSF seems to be a fine material with good properties as a filler, provided that it is properly crushed and sieved through a 75 μm sieve.
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Jochem, Lidiane Fernanda, Cézar Augusto Casagrande, Marilda Barra Bizinotto, Diego Aponte, and Janaíde Cavalcante Rocha. "Study of the solidification/stabilization process in a mortar with lightweight aggregate or recycled aggregate." Journal of Cleaner Production 326 (December 2021): 129415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.129415.

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Xiao, Rui, Pawel Polaczyk, Miaomiao Zhang, Xi Jiang, Yiyuan Zhang, Baoshan Huang, and Wei Hu. "Evaluation of Glass Powder-Based Geopolymer Stabilized Road Bases Containing Recycled Waste Glass Aggregate." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 1 (January 2020): 22–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119898695.

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As the concept of sustainable pavement gains prominence, a growing number of industrial wastes and recycled materials have been utilized in the pavement industry to preserve natural resources. This study investigates the potential use of waste glass powder-based geopolymer cement as a stabilizing agent in recycled waste glass aggregate (GA) bases. Two recycled materials, waste glass powder (GP) and class F fly ash (FF), were used as the raw materials in the preparation of geopolymer. Virgin aggregate (VA) was replaced by GA at varying replacement ratios as the pavement base materials, and the mechanical behaviors before and after geopolymer stabilization were evaluated. Without stabilization, the incorporation of over 10% GA caused significant detrimental effects on the California bearing ratios (CBR) of base materials, which should be carefully managed in pavement construction. However, all geopolymer stabilized samples showed decent strength properties, indicating the effectiveness of geopolymer stabilization. The use of GA reduced the drying shrinkage of base samples, although the mechanical properties were compromised. During the sample preparation, a higher curing temperature and relative humidity resulted in better mechanical behaviors, and the surface of GA could dissolve in alkaline solution and involve in the geopolymerization at 40°C. The microstructure and minerology of geopolymer stabilizer of base materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray defraction (XRD) analyses. This study confirmed the promise of using waste glass-based pavement base materials as the greener substitutes and the potential synergy between waste glass recycling and the pavement industry.
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Softić, Edis, Veljko Radičević, Marko Subotić, Željko Stević, Zlatan Talić, and Dragan Pamučar. "Sustainability of the Optimum Pavement Model of Reclaimed Asphalt from a Used Pavement Structure." Sustainability 12, no. 5 (March 3, 2020): 1912. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12051912.

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This paper demonstrates and provides additional findings and instructions to produce new cold-recycled layers of pavement structures spatially and temporally sustainable. At the same time, recycled pavement structures have been enhanced with optimum amounts of new stone materials and binders made of cement and foamed bitumen. The subject of the research is based on the examination of recycled asphalt from surface and bituminous base courses of pavement structures for use on higher-type roads. The aim of the research is to model the process of producing recycled asphalt by cold recycling to optimize the process of influential parameters. In addition, one of the primary goals of the research is to demonstrate a sustainable way of producing new cold-recycled layers of pavement structures. The obtained results indicated the inevitability of the use of recycled material from pavement structures with the possibility of applying secondary and tertiary crushing of recycled mass, which depends on the type of layer for which the recycled material would be used. The research resulted in an optimum mixture variant of the stabilization layer of pavement structure that consists mainly of recycled material from a worn pavement structure improved with a relatively small amount of new aggregate with the addition of minimal stabilizers made of cement and foamed bitumen. The results showed that the optimum mixture variant of the stabilization layer is spatially and temporally stable. Additionally, the presented optimum variant of the stabilization layer enables sustainable development of road networks with minimum consumption of new natural resources.
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Liang, Xin, Fang Yan, Yuliang Chen, Huiqin Wu, Peihuan Ye, and Yuhuan Mo. "Study on the Strength Performance of Recycled Aggregate Concrete with Different Ages under Direct Shearing." Materials 14, no. 9 (April 29, 2021): 2312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14092312.

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In order to study the mechanical properties of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) at different ages, 264 standard cubes were designed to test its direct shear strength and cube compressive strength while considering the parameters of age and recycled aggregate replacement ratio. The failure pattern and load–displacement curve of specimens at direct shearing were obtained; the direct shear strength and residual shear strength were extracted from the load–displacement curves. Experimental results indicate that the influence of the replacement ratio for the front and side cracks of RAC is insignificant, with the former being straight and the latter relatively convoluted. At the age of three days, the damaged interface between aggregate and mortar is almost completely responsible for concrete failure; in addition to the damage of coarse aggregates, aggregate failure is also an important factor in concrete failure at other ages. The load–displacement curve of RAC at direct shearing can be divided into elasticity, elastoplasticity, plasticity, and stabilization stages. The brittleness of concrete decreases with its age, which is reflected in the gradual shortening of the elastoplastic stage. At 28 days of age, the peak direct shear force increases with the replacement ratio, while the trend is opposite at ages of 3 days, 7 days, and 14 days, respectively. The residual strength of RAC decreases inversely to the replacement ratio, with the rate of decline growing over time. A two-parameter RAC direct shear strength calculation formula was established based on the analysis of age and replacement rate to peak shear force of RAC. The relationship between cube compressive strength and direct shear strength of recycled concrete at various ages was investigated.
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Shin, Wooseok, and Young-Kee Kim. "Stabilization characteristics of metal ions in marine-contaminated sediments by recycled aggregate." Journal of Soils and Sediments 17, no. 6 (January 3, 2017): 1806–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11368-016-1647-3.

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Tiyasangthong, Sermsak, Piyathida Yoosuk, Kitsada Krosoongnern, Ratchanon Sakdinakorn, Wisitsak Tabyang, Worawit Phojan, and Cherdsak Suksiripattanapong. "Stabilization of Recycled Concrete Aggregate Using High Calcium Fly Ash Geopolymer as Pavement Base Material." Infrastructures 7, no. 9 (September 7, 2022): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures7090117.

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This research investigated high calcium fly ash geopolymer stabilized recycled concrete aggregate (RCA-FAG) as pavement base material. The effect of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA):high calcium fly ash (FA) ratios, sodium silicate (Na2SiO3):sodium hydroxide (NaOH) ratio, and curing time on the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) properties of RCA-FAG samples were evaluated. The maximum dry unit weight of the RCA-FAG sample was 20.73 kN/m3 at RCA:FA ratio of 80:20 and Na2SiO3:NaOH ratio of 60:40. The 7-d UCS of RCA-FAG samples increased as the FA content and Na2SiO3:NaOH ratio increased. The 7-d UCS of the RCA-FAG sample was better than that of the RCA with no FA because FA particles filled in RCA particles, resulting in a dense matrix. The 7-d UCS of RCA-FAG samples passed the 7-d UCS requirement for the low-traffic road. All ingredients met the 7-d UCS requirement for the high-traffic road except the sample with RCA:FA of 100:0 and Na2SiO3:NaOH of 50:50 and 60:40. The 7-d SEM images indicated that spherical FA and RCA particles are bonded together, resulting in the dense matrix for all Na2SiO3:NaOH ratios. The proposed equation for predicting the UCS of RCA-FAG offered a good coefficient of correlation, which is useful in designing pavement base material from RCA-FAG material.
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Zabihi-Samani, Masoud, Seyed Payam Mokhtari, and Farzaneh Raji. "Effects of Fly Ash on Mechanical Properties of Concrete." Journal of Applied Engineering Sciences 8, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jaes-2018-0016.

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Abstract Cement is a common and widespread building material over the world. Similarly, carbon dioxide emissions have been significantly increased due to cement production. Alternative low-carbon binders rather than cement have been progressively sought in recent years. Fly ash was found as an available option, since it is being largely disposed annually as a waste material. In this research several studies have been reviewed and recent applications of fly ash on concrete specification, including strength and fracture toughness of green concrete have been perused. Furthermore, transport properties of high volume fly ash after exposure to high temperature and influence of curing temperature on strength development of fly ash-recycled concrete aggregate blends have been investigated. The investigated test results showed that the properties of composites incorporating fly ash depend on the age of the concrete. Test results also revealed that transport properties of concrete increased notably after exposure to 400cº and the results achieved on fly ash-recycled concrete aggregate led to the conclusion that 15% FA is the optimum blend for road stabilization applications.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Stabilization of recycled aggregate"

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TEFA, LUCA. "Multiscale assessment of construction and demolition waste aggregates stabilization through alkaline activation." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2731904.

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Orioli, Monigleicia Alcalde. "Estudo do uso de agregado reciclado de resíduos de construção e demolição em misturas solo-agregado." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18143/tde-27092018-090352/.

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A construção civil gera impactos ambientais que merecem atenção especial, uma vez que é uma das áreas que mais produz resíduos dentre as atividades econômicas. Os agregados reciclados de resíduos de construção e demolição podem ser utilizados em diversas áreas, apresentando desempenhos mecânico e hidráulico adequados quando comparados aos agregados naturais. Esta pesquisa consiste em estudar a viabilidade o uso de agregado reciclado misto (ARM) e misturas solo-ARM como materiais geotécnicos em camadas de bases e sub-bases de pavimentos. Para isso, foram realizados ensaios de caracterização física e comportamento mecânico. Para comparação, foram estudados também um agregado natural (AN) e uma mistura de solo-AN. Os resultados mostraram que a energia de compactação teve efeito positivo sobre o comportamento do ARM e misturas de solo-ARM. Observou-se ainda que o ARM apresentou ganho de resistência e rigidez devido ao efeito de auto-cimentação. No que se refere à adição de solo, as misturas de solo-ARM apresentaram uma diminuição no valor de CBR em relação a misturas compostas exclusivamente por ARM, contudo houve um aumento nas demais propriedades mecânicas. Com base nos resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que o ARM e as misturas solo-ARM apresentam características físicas e comportamento mecânico adequados para uso em camadas de base e sub-base de pavimentos urbanos.
Civil construction generates environmental impacts that deserve special attention, since it is one of the areas that produces the most waste among economic activities. The recycled aggregates of construction and demolition waste can be used in several areas, presenting adequate mechanical and hydraulic performances when compared to natural aggregates. This research consists of studying the feasibility of using recycled mixed aggregate (RMA) and soil-RMA mixtures as geotechnical materials in base and sub-base layers of pavements. For that, tests of physical characterization and mechanical behavior were carried out. For comparison, a natural aggregate (NA) and a soil-NA mixture were also studied. The results showed that the compaction energy had a positive effect on the behavior of RMA and soil-RMA mixtures. It was also observed that the RMA showed strength gain and stiffness due to the self-cementing properties. Concerning soil addition, the soil-RMA mixtures presented a decrease in the CBR value in relation to mixtures exclusively composed by RMA, but there was an increase in the other mechanical properties. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the RMA and the soil-RMA mixtures present physical characteristics and mechanical behavior suitable for the use in base and sub-base layers of urban pavements.
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Dixon, Paul A. "Factors Affecting the Strength of Road Base Stabilized with Cement Slurry or Dry Cement in Conjunction with Full-Depth Reclamation." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2629.

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Full-depth reclamation (FDR) in conjunction with cement stabilization is an established practice for rehabilitating deteriorating asphalt roads. Conventionally, FDR uses dry cement powder applied with a pneumatic spreader, creating undesirable fugitive cement dust. The cement dust poses a nuisance and, when inhaled, a health threat. Consequently, FDR in conjunction with conventional cement stabilization cannot generally be used in urban areas. To solve the problem of fugitive cement dust, the use of cement slurry, prepared by combining cement powder and water, has been proposed to allow cement stabilization to be utilized in urban areas. However, using cement slurry introduces several factors not associated with using dry cement that may affect road base strength, dry density (DD), and moisture content (MC). The objectives of this research were to 1) identify construction-related factors that influence the strength of road base treated with cement slurry in conjunction with FDR and quantify the effects of these factors and 2) compare the strength of road base treated with cement slurry with that of road base treated with dry cement. To achieve the research objectives, road base taken from an FDR project was subjected to extensive full-factorial laboratory testing. The 7-day unconfined compressive strength (UCS), DD, and MC were measured as dependent variables, while independent variables included cement content; slurry water batching temperature; cement slurry aging temperature; cement slurry aging time; presence of a set-retarding, water-reducing admixture; and aggregate-slurry mixing time. This research suggests that, when road base is stabilized with cement slurry in conjunction with FDR, the slurry water batching temperature; haul time; environmental temperature; and presence of a set-retarding, water-reducing admixture will not significantly affect the strength of CTB, provided that those factors fall within the limits explored in this research and are applied to a road base with similar properties. Cement content and cement-aggregate mixing time are positively correlated with the strength of CTB regardless of cement form. Additionally, using cement slurry will result in slightly lower strength values than using dry cement.
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Krezel, Zbigniew Adam, and n/a. "Recycled aggregate concrete acoustic barrier." Swinburne University of Technology, 2006. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20060821.154340.

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This document reports on a research project aimed at developing a concrete acoustic barrier made from Recycled Aggregate (RA) Concrete. The research project was undertaken in response to the needs expressed by the Victorian concrete recycling industry. The industry, the scientific community conducting research into relevant disciplines, and the community at large, represented by Victorian government agencies, are of the opinion that there is a need to devise a higher value utilisation application for selected concrete recycling products. This document outlines the rationale and objectives of the research project which involves the examination of Recycled Concrete (RC) Aggregate, the design and examination of RA Concrete, and finally the development of an acoustic barrier made from RA Concrete. The literature review presented in this report examines aspects of concrete recycling and concrete technology pertaining to traditional and alternative constituent materials for concrete production. Firstly, the importance and influence of fine and coarse aggregate on basic properties of concrete is introduced. Secondly, an account on the use of alternative materials in concrete technology, especially of coarse recycled aggregates and supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) is described. Thirdly, some of the physical and mechanical properties and how the use of RC Aggregate and SCM changes these properties are discussed. Fourthly, a number of commonly used techniques and neutron scattering techniques to investigate aggregate and concrete properties are introduced and discussed. Fifthly, the porosity of aggregate and concrete including durability are specifically discussed and testing methods are reasoned. The literature review also discusses the use of no-fines concrete; its physical, mechanical and acoustic properties. Finally it presents an account of the use of concrete in transportation traffic noise attenuation devices. This document continues with an outline of a methodology that was adopted in this research project. It outlines experimental work aimed at examining the properties of RC Aggregate which amongst other properties includes porosity, particle size distribution, water absorption, shape and density. It continues examining RA Concrete properties and includes, among other properties, compressive strength, porosity and durability as well as sound absorption of acoustic barrier. The methodology introduces standard and purposely modified test procedures used in the examination of aggregates, concrete and acoustic barrier. An account of various research techniques is presented, spanning from simple visual observations to more sophisticated neutron scattering techniques. The summary of test procedures follows a description of test specimen composition and their sizes, and a suite of tested specimens. It also introduces statistical methods used to analyse test results. After a detailed description of the aggregate, concrete and RA Concrete acoustic barrier, the document outlines a summary of data generated through the experimental program of this research project. The data on fine aggregate, on selected 14/10mm coarse RC Aggregate, on concrete made from natural and recycled aggregate and on acoustic barrier are presented and discussed. Test results of various physical, mechanical and acoustic properties of aggregate, concrete and barrier are reported, analysed and discussed. The data from observations, visual assessment and scientific experimentation of specific properties are then crossed analysed in a search for relationships between properties of fine and coarse aggregates and properties of concrete made from such aggregates. A cross analysis of data on ?less-fines? RA Concrete and on the acoustic performance of barrier is examined, and the relationship between the volume of interconnected voids in a porous part of ?less-fines? concrete, and the sound absorption of acoustic barrier is discussed and reported. The document then presents a synthesis of the literature review results, project aims adopted within the experimental program and test results in the three main areas of this research project. These areas include recycled concrete aggregate, recycled aggregate concrete and acoustic barrier made from RA Concrete. Finally, conclusions reached through the course of this investigation are summarised and recommendations are proposed in relation to the RA Concrete acoustic barrier. The main conclusion is that selected RC Aggregate can be used in the production of concrete of a compressive strength of 25MPa, if the moisture content and water absorption in the aggregate are closely monitored, and the foreign material content is kept below 1.5%. The author concludes that acoustic barrier made from selected RC Aggregate has unique sound absorption characteristics that can easily be tunable by a selection of appropriate aggregate and by specific concrete mix designs. Recommendations for further research are also proposed.
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Krezel, Zbigniew Adam. "Recycled aggregate concrete acoustic barrier." Australasian Digital Theses Program, 2006. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au/public/adt-VSWT20060821.154340.

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Thesis (PhD) - Swinburne University of Technology, 2006.
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Civil Engineering, Swinburne University of Technology - 2006. Typescript. Includes bibliographical references.
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Abukersh, Salem Ahmed. "High quality recycled aggregate concrete." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2009. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/2963.

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Sustainable development is gaining popularity around the globe nowadays. Governments are under pressure, on many fronts, to embed sustainable development in policies, practice, and operations to secure the planet's future. Adding to this, increased populations, and the need for more infrastructures, have unfortunately led to the unacceptable depletion of raw materials, increasing amounts of construction and demolition waste (C&DW) and accelerated deterioration of the natural environment in many places worldwide. For the conservation of natural resources, reuse and recycling of C&DW is the most obvious way to achieve sustainability in the construction sector. Currently, recycled aggregate (RA) is produced from C&DW in modern recycling facilities, under good quality control provisions which could lead to improve its performance compared with the earlier days of recycling. In addition to C&DW, large amounts of industrial and mining by-products such as fly ash, slag, limestone powders, aggregate dust, etc. are dumped in landfills. Fly ash has been used successfully in concrete for a long time due to its numerous advantages across a wide range of properties, including aspects of durability. A concrete produced with the combination of PFA and RA i.e. recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) is obviously more sustainable and economical than conventional natural aggregate concrete (NAC). To date, statistics show that a considerable proportion of the world's RA is used for low-utility applications due to perceived risks and uncertainty over their performance formed as a result of previous history of use when RA was produced manually and low strength cement and higher water to cement ratios were used. Despite the advances in recycling, materials and concreting technologies, this impression prevails. However, to increase the use of RA, it is believed that the quality of RAC should be improved by chemical and mineral additives. For cost effectiveness, quality-improving additives should be abundant, safe, and inexpensive; PFA and new generation polymer-based superplasticizer (SP) are deemed to be a good option. The aims of this study are to investigate the possibility of producing good quality RAC that could be used as a substitute for NAC in normal strength concrete members, and to study its fundamental properties. An attempt has been made to create superplasticized RAC concretes, in which new generation polymer-based SP and PFA produced to the latest European standards were used. PFA was used to partially replace fine aggregate and cement in ordinary and self-compacting concretes. The thesis also includes an investigation into the potential of utilising an aggregate by-product (red granite dust (RGD) in producing environmentally beneficial RAC. The findings show that good performance RAC can be produced with the help of SP and PFA. The study also revealed that it is possible to utilise RGD to substitute up to 30% of cement without substantially influencing the performance of concrete, while also providing cost savings. Strengths and stifnesses of the ensuing RAC either with SP, PFA, or RGD were comparable, or better than, a wide range of counterpart NACs. The author's produced RAC concretes can replace NAC concrete used unnecessarily for many applications including structural concrete.
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Campbell, Andrew S. "Recycled Aggregate & Robotic Contour Crafting." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1554119761226049.

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Di, Niro Gaetano. "Recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) for structural purposes." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1999. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21124.

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The possibility of using demolished concrete waste as aggregate in fresh concrete in the production of prestressed concrete beams is checked in this research. As opposed to the use for road foundations or as fill-in material the use of the Recycled Aggregate (RA) for concrete structures requires more tests and processing of results. In fact to be able to use a material for construction it is essential to assess more than just its compressive strength. After the physical and chemical characteristics of the RA and the properties of both the wet and hardened Recycled Aggregate Concrete (RAC) have been determined, it is important to check if the mathematical models and numerical correlation normally used for design of ordinary concrete (such as mix-design procedure, design codes, non-linear analysis) are suitable for RAC. For this reason the main task of this investigations has been to ensure that RAC has satisfactory mechanical performance for structural use and later to guarantee a consistency of the results using methods checked for RAC. A mix-design procedure suitable for RAC to attain the desired workability and the target strength was the first step. Tests on durability of RA and RAC have been performed and the results reported. Finally three 15.0 metres span prestressd beams cast with different percentages of RA (one with 100% of RA, one with 100% of Natural Aggregate NA, and one with 50% of RA and 50% of NA) have been tested. The results show that it is practicable to make prestressed concrete elements using concrete made with Recycled Aggregate and that these elements can have satisfactory and predictable mechanical performance.
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Lannon, Kristyna Tylova. "Using recycled concrete aggregate in pervious concrete." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0025119.

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Huda, Sumaiya Binte. "Mechanical and durability properties of recycled and repeated recycled coarse aggregate concrete." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/46068.

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Disposal and treatment of construction and demolition (C&D) wastes are often costly and hazardous to the environment. Their recycling could lead to a greener solution to the environmental conservation and pave the way towards sustainability. This study utilizes demolished concrete as coarse aggregate often termed as recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) for producing industry quality concrete. Large scale recycling can substantially reduce the consumption of natural aggregate and help preserve the environment. However, in near future, it can raise new challenges. The use of “repeated recycled coarse aggregate” in concrete production can be a viable solution to the growing problem regarding the C&D waste disposal. During the development of new generation product like recycled and repeated recycled coarse aggregate concrete, it is essential to investigate the fresh, hardened, and durability properties of concrete to promote and escalate its application in the construction industry. This research investigates the fresh, mechanical, and durability properties of 25 MPa recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) made with different RCA replacement levels. Durability performance of 25 MPa RAC was evaluated in terms of sulphate attack and cyclic wetting and drying along with chloride exposure. Chloride propagation was evaluated after 1, 4, 9, 16, 28, 90, and 120 cycles. This study reveals that the performance of RAC is decreasing with increasing RCA replacement levels but their overall performance is comparable to natural aggregate concrete (NAC). Three different generations of repeated recycled coarse aggregate concrete were produced using 100% RCA as a replacement of natural coarse aggregate. Similar mix design was used for producing 32 MPa concrete. Along with this, their durability performance was examined under three different exposure conditions namely, freeze-thaw, sulphate, and chloride exposure. It was found that the compressive strength of different generations of repeated recycled concrete was lower than the control concrete. However, all of the mixes exceeded the target strength at 120 days. The durability performance of the different generations of repeated recycled coarse aggregate concrete was negatively affected by using different generations of such aggregates but still these findings will add a new achievement towards sustainable world.
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Books on the topic "Stabilization of recycled aggregate"

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Xiao, Jianzhuang. Recycled Aggregate Concrete Structures. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53987-3.

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de Brito, Jorge, and Nabajyoti Saikia. Recycled Aggregate in Concrete. London: Springer London, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4540-0.

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Mpooa, Mpooa P. Lime stabilization of basaltic aggregate samples. [London]: Queen Mary and Westfield College, 1991.

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Caballero, Ricardo J. Microeconomic adjustment hazards and aggregate dynamics. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1992.

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Pindyck, Robert S. Economic instability and aggregate investment. Washington, DC (1818 H St. NW, Washington 20433): Policy Research Dept., World Bank, 1993.

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Pindyck, Robert S. Economic instability and aggregate investment. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1993.

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1963-, Wasemiller Mark A., and Hoddinott Keith B. 1956-, eds. Testing soil mixed with waste or recycled materials. West Conshohacken, PA: ASTM, 1997.

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Rao, M. Chakradhara, Sriman Kumar Bhattacharyya, and Sudhirkumar V. Barai. Systematic Approach of Characterisation and Behaviour of Recycled Aggregate Concrete. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6686-3.

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Pepe, Marco. A Conceptual Model for Designing Recycled Aggregate Concrete for Structural Applications. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26473-8.

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Brito, Jorge de. Recycled Aggregate in Concrete: Use of Industrial, Construction and Demolition Waste. London: Springer London, 2013.

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Book chapters on the topic "Stabilization of recycled aggregate"

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Manohar, Tanna, Nemmadi Vasudeva Rao, and Jyoti Prakash Giri. "Utilization of Different Supplementary Cementitious Materials and Recycled Concrete Aggregate for Stabilization of Pavement Base Layer." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 139–46. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4731-5_12.

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Pepe, Marco. "Recycled Aggregate Concretes." In A Conceptual Model for Designing Recycled Aggregate Concrete for Structural Applications, 55–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26473-8_5.

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Xiao, Jianzhuang. "Recycled Aggregate Concrete." In Springer Tracts in Civil Engineering, 65–98. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53987-3_4.

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Poulin, Richard, and W. S. Martin. "Economics of recycled aggregates." In Aggregate Resources, 215–29. London: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003077954-15.

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Makul, Natt. "Advanced Behaviors and Properties of RAC." In Recycled Aggregate Concrete, 45–92. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003257097-3.

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Makul, Natt. "Introduction to Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA)." In Recycled Aggregate Concrete, 1–16. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003257097-1.

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Makul, Natt. "Good Practices in RCA Concrete." In Recycled Aggregate Concrete, 129–366. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003257097-5.

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Makul, Natt. "Specifications, Production, and Applications of RAC." In Recycled Aggregate Concrete, 93–128. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003257097-4.

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Makul, Natt. "Principles of Recycled Aggregate Concretes (RACs): Theories and Experiments." In Recycled Aggregate Concrete, 17–44. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003257097-2.

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Makul, Natt. "Sustainable RCA for Sustainable Concrete Construction." In Recycled Aggregate Concrete, 367–87. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003257097-6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Stabilization of recycled aggregate"

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Tavakol, Masoumeh, Mustaque Hossain, and Stacey E. Tucker-Kulesza. "Subgrade Soil Stabilization Using Low-Quality Recycled Concrete Aggregate." In Eighth International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784482124.025.

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Shih, Chien-Jen, Keith E. Forrester, and Wen-Bin Fan. "Application of Dry Chemical Stabilization Technology in Taiwan Kobin Bottom Ash Processing and Recycle Plant." In 14th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec14-3191.

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The Taiwan Kobin Bottom Ash Processing & Recycle Plant (Kobin-BAPRP) processes approximately one quarter million metric tons of bottom ashes from several municipal solid wastes the incinerators annually, generating fine aggregate finished products and ferrous recovery. The results from USEPA Method 1311 Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) for un-treated bottom ash indicate that about 5% of the time that lead and less than 0.5% of the time, copper or cadmium may fail to meet leaching standards (i.e. 5 mg/L for Pb, 15 mg/L for Cu, and 1 mg/L for Cd ). Previously, Kobin applied phosphoric acid solution for stabilization, which caused strong odor problem, increased moisture content, and still about 1% of the time that TCLP-Pb failed to pass the standard, hence, required reprocessing. Recently, Kobin-BAPRP has switched its stabilization agent from the phosphoric acid solution to dry chemical dosage. In addition to having a better stabilized byproduct, the use of dry chemical further ensures worker safety. Dry chemical is water insoluble and fine calcium phosphate particles, with different combinations of buffers and complexing agents, such as Fe+2, Fe+3, Al+3, or chloride. It took about 8 months for laboratory tests and plant trials to identify the optimum dosage as well as the best mixing point. Long term operation has demonstrated that dry chemical spread and mixing is safe to communities and workers, non-reactive with storage and handling materials, generates no toxic gases or odor, and most importantly, provides for effective and consistent Pb stabilization. The final stable family of mineral crystals includes complexed hydroxyapatite and chlorapatite minerals.
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Pavlů, Tereza, Kristina Fořtová, Diana Mariaková, and Jakub Řepka. "The durability of recycled aggregate concrete containing recycled masonry aggregate." In SPECIAL CONCRETE AND COMPOSITES 2020: 17th International Conference. AIP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0042839.

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Khatab, Mahmoud A. T., and Munir Altmami. "Correlation between different properties of recycled aggregate and recycled aggregate concrete." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON KEY ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES (KEYTECH 2019). AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5123692.

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"Effects of Recycled Aggregate Characteristics on Performance Parameters of Recycled Aggregate Concrete." In SP-192: 2000 Canmet/ACI Conference on Durability of Concrete. American Concrete Institute, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/5741.

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Limbachiya, M. C. "Performance of recycled aggregate concrete." In RILEM International Symposium on Environment-Conscious Materials and Systems for Sustainable Development. RILEM Publications SARL, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1617/2912143640.015.

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"Durability of Recycled Aggregate Concrete." In SP-336: Cracking and Durability in Sustainable Concretes. American Concrete Institute, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/51722458.

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Krishnakumar, R. "Reuse of Coarse Aggregate as Recycled Aggregate in Concrete." In Sustainable Materials and Smart Practices. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644901953-3.

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Abstract. In the latest period, the volume of building material has greatly extended, raising social and environmental concerns surrounding waste recycling. Construction and demolition waste is a significant factor in global generated waste. Construction necessarily requires the use of massive quantities of aggregates. When the structure's useful life is up, it will be demolished, and all of the demolished waste will disposed of in landfills. It became increasingly difficult to identify large areas for landfills. Crushed, graded inorganic particles that have been processed from construction materials and demolition debris make up recycled aggregates. Aggregates that have been recycled for use in high-strength structural concrete. In this work, recycled coarse aggregate was employed to replace virgin coarse aggregate. The properties of both fresh and hardened concrete made from 100 % recycled coarse aggregate which has been internally or externally replaced found, and the effects are compared to concrete by applying the virgin coarse aggregate.
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"Application of Recycled Concrete for Structural Concrete- Experimental Study on the Quality of Recycled Aggregate and Recycled Aggregate Concrete." In SP-179: Fourth CANMET/ACI/JCI Conference: Advances in Concrete Technology. American Concrete Institute, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/6087.

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Bozyurt, Ozlem, James M. Tinjum, Young-Hwan Son, Tuncer B. Edil, and Craig H. Benson. "Resilient Modulus of Recycled Asphalt Pavement and Recycled Concrete Aggregate." In GeoCongress 2012. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784412121.400.

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Reports on the topic "Stabilization of recycled aggregate"

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Thembeka Ncube, Ayanda, and Antonio Bobet. Use of Recycled Asphalt. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317316.

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The term Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) is used to designate a material obtained from the removal of pavement materials. RAP is used across the US in multiple applications, largely on asphalt pavement layers. RAP can be described as a uniform granular non-plastic material, with a very low percentage of fines. It is formed by aggregate coated with a thin layer of asphalt. It is often used mixed with other granular materials. The addition of RAP to aggregates decreases the maximum dry unit weight of the mixture and decreases the optimum water content. It also increases the Resilient Modulus of the blend but decreases permeability. RAP can be used safely, as it does not pose any environmental concerns. The most important disadvantage of RAP is that it displays significant creep. It seems that this is caused by the presence of the asphaltic layer coating the aggregate. Creep increases with pressure and with temperature and decreases with the degree of compaction. Creep can be mitigated by either blending RAP with aggregate or by stabilization with chemical compounds. Fly ash and cement have shown to decrease, albeit not eliminate, the amount of creep. Mechanical stabilizing agents such as geotextiles may also be used.
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Isgor, O. Cracking Susceptibility of Concrete Made with Recycled Concrete Aggregate. Portland State University Library, December 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/trec.50.

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Verian, Kho Pin, Nancy Whiting, Jan Olek, Jitendra Jain, and Mark Snyder. Using Recycled Concrete as Aggregate in Concrete Pavements to Reduce Materials Cost. Purdue University, December 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284315220.

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Cosper, Stephen D. LBP Concerns in Producing Recycled Concrete Aggregate from Former Fort Ord Family Housing. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada473800.

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Wang, Kejin, James A. Gaunt, and Jiong Hu. Sequestering Lead in Paint by Utilizing Deconstructed Masonry Materials as Recycled Aggregate in Concrete. Revision 1. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada495766.

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Li, Xiaojun, Dingxin Cheng, Kun Zhang, Kanwar M. S. Jakhar, and Uday V. Pericherla. Development of a Quality Control Method and Guidelines for Hot Mix Asphalt Using Recycled Concrete Aggregate. Mineta Transportation Institute, March 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2020.1854.

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Lomboy, Gilson, Douglas Cleary, Seth Wagner, Yusef Mehta, Danielle Kennedy, Benjamin Watts, Peter Bly, and Jared Oren. Long-term performance of sustainable pavements using ternary blended concrete with recycled aggregates. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40780.

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Dwindling supplies of natural concrete aggregates, the cost of landfilling construction waste, and interest in sustainable design have increased the demand for recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) in new portland cement concrete mixtures. RCA repurposes waste material to provide useful ingredients for new construction applications. However, RCA can reduce the performance of the concrete. This study investigated the effectiveness of ternary blended binders, mixtures containing portland cement and two different supplementary cementitious materials, at mitigating performance losses of concrete mixtures with RCA materials. Concrete mixtures with different ternary binder combinations were batched with four recycled concrete aggregate materials. For the materials used, the study found that a blend of portland cement, Class C fly ash, and blast furnace slag produced the highest strength of ternary binder. At 50% replacement of virgin aggregates and ternary blended binder, some specimens showed comparable mechanical performance to a control mix of only portland cement as a binder and no RCA substitution. This study demonstrates that even at 50% RCA replacement, using the appropriate ternary binder can create a concrete mixture that performs similarly to a plain portland cement concrete without RCA, with the added benefit of being environmentally beneficial.
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Behnood, Ali, and Jan Olek. Development of Subgrade Stabilization and Slab Undersealing Solutions for PCC Pavements Restoration and Repairs. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317128.

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The loss of functionality and the development of distress in concrete pavements is often attributable to the poor subbase and subgrade conditions and/or loss of support due to the development of the voids underneath the slab. Subgrade soil stabilization can be used as an effective approach to restore the functionality of the subgrades in patching projects. This research had two main objectives: (1) identifying the best practices for soil stabilization of the existing subgrade during pavement patching operations and (2) identifying and developing new, modified grouting materials for slab stabilization and undersealing. Various stabilization scenarios were tested and showed improved performance of the subgrade layer. The use of geotextile along with aggregate course was found to significantly reduce the settlement. Non-removable flowable fill was also found to significantly reduce the subgrade settlement. Cement-treated aggregate and lean concrete provided the best performance, as they prevented formation of any noticeable settlement in the underlying subgrade.
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Financial Stability Report - Second Semester of 2020. Banco de la República de Colombia, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-estab-fin.sem2.eng-2020.

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The Colombian financial system has not suffered major structural disruptions during these months of deep economic contraction and has continued to carry out its basic functions as usual, thus facilitating the economy's response to extreme conditions. This is the result of the soundness of financial institutions at the beginning of the crisis, which was reflected in high liquidity and capital adequacy indicators as well as in the timely response of various authorities. Banco de la República lowered its policy interest rates 250 points to 1.75%, the lowest level since the creation of the new independent bank in 1991, and provided ample temporary and permanent liquidity in both pesos and foreign currency. The Office of the Financial Superintendent of Colombia, in turn, adopted prudential measures to facilitate changes in the conditions for loans in effect and temporary rules for rating and loan-loss provisions. Finally, the national government expanded the transfers as well as the guaranteed credit programs for the economy. The supply of real credit (i.e. discounting inflation) in the economy is 4% higher today than it was 12 months ago with especially marked growth in the housing (5.6%) and commercial (4.7%) loan portfolios (2.3% in consumer and -0.1% in microloans), but there have been significant changes over time. During the first few months of the quarantine, firms increased their demands for liquidity sharply while consumers reduced theirs. Since then, the growth of credit to firms has tended to slow down, while consumer and housing credit has grown. The financial system has responded satisfactorily to the changes in the respective demands of each group or sector and loans may grow at high rates in 2021 if GDP grows at rates close to 4.6% as the technical staff at the Bank expects; but the forecasts are highly uncertain. After the strict quarantine implemented by authorities in Colombia, the turmoil seen in March and early April, which was evident in the sudden reddening of macroeconomic variables on the risk heatmap in Graph A,[1] and the drop in crude oil and coal prices (note the high volatility registered in market risk for the region on Graph A) the local financial markets stabilized relatively quickly. Banco de la República’s credible and sustained policy response played a decisive role in this stabilization in terms of liquidity provision through a sharp expansion of repo operations (and changes in amounts, terms, counterparties, and eligible instruments), the purchases of public and private debt, and the reduction in bank reserve requirements. In this respect, there is now abundant aggregate liquidity and significant improvements in the liquidity position of investment funds. In this context, the main vulnerability factor for financial stability in the short term is still the high degree of uncertainty surrounding loan quality. First, the future trajectory of the number of people infected and deceased by the virus and the possible need for additional health measures is uncertain. For that reason, there is also uncertainty about the path for economic recovery in the short and medium term. Second, the degree to which the current shock will be reflected in loan quality once the risk materializes in banks’ financial statements is uncertain. For the time being, the credit risk heatmap (Graph B) indicates that non-performing and risky loans have not shown major deterioration, but past experience indicates that periods of sharp economic slowdown eventually tend to coincide with rises in non-performing loans: the calculations included in this report suggest that the impact of the recession on credit quality could be significant in the short term. This is particularly worrying since the profitability of credit establishments has been declining in recent months, and this could affect their ability to provide credit to the real sector of the economy. In order to adopt a forward-looking approach to this vulnerability, this Report presents several stress tests that evaluate the resilience of the liquidity and capital adequacy of credit institutions and investment funds in the event of a hypothetical scenario that seeks to simulate an extreme version of current macroeconomic conditions. The results suggest that even though there could be strong impacts on the credit institutions’ volume of credit and profitability under such scenarios, aggregate indicators of total and core capital adequacy will probably remain at levels that are above the regulatory limits over the horizon of a year. At the same time, the exercises highlight the high capacity of the system's liquidity to face adverse scenarios. In compliance with its constitutional objectives and in coordination with the financial system's security network, Banco de la República will continue to closely monitor the outlook for financial stability at this juncture and will make the decisions that are necessary to ensure the proper functioning of the economy, facilitate the flow of sufficient credit and liquidity resources, and further the smooth operation of the payment systems. Juan José Echavarría Governor
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Financial Stability Report - September 2015. Banco de la República, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-estab-fin.sem2.eng-2015.

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From this edition, the Financial Stability Report will have fewer pages with some changes in its structure. The purpose of this change is to present the most relevant facts of the financial system and their implications on the financial stability. This allows displaying the analysis more concisely and clearly, as it will focus on describing the evolution of the variables that have the greatest impact on the performance of the financial system, for estimating then the effect of a possible materialization of these risks on the financial health of the institutions. The changing dynamics of the risks faced by the financial system implies that the content of the Report adopts this new structure; therefore, some analyses and series that were regularly included will not necessarily be in each issue. However, the statistical annex that accompanies the publication of the Report will continue to present the series that were traditionally included, regardless of whether or not they are part of the content of the Report. In this way we expect to contribute in a more comprehensive way to the study and analysis of the stability of the Colombian financial system. Executive Summary During the first half of 2015, the main advanced economies showed a slow recovery on their growth, while emerging economies continued with their slowdown trend. Domestic demand in the United States allowed for stabilization on its average growth for the first half of the year, while other developed economies such as the United Kingdom, the euro zone, and Japan showed a more gradual recovery. On the other hand, the Chinese economy exhibited the lowest growth rate in five years, which has resulted in lower global dynamism. This has led to a fall in prices of the main export goods of some Latin American economies, especially oil, whose price has also responded to a larger global supply. The decrease in the terms of trade of the Latin American economies has had an impact on national income, domestic demand, and growth. This scenario has been reflected in increases in sovereign risk spreads, devaluations of stock indices, and depreciation of the exchange rates of most countries in the region. For Colombia, the fall in oil prices has also led to a decline in the terms of trade, resulting in pressure on the dynamics of national income. Additionally, the lower demand for exports helped to widen the current account deficit. This affected the prospects and economic growth of the country during the first half of 2015. This economic context could have an impact on the payment capacity of debtors and on the valuation of investments, affecting the soundness of the financial system. However, the results of the analysis featured in this edition of the Report show that, facing an adverse scenario, the vulnerability of the financial system in terms of solvency and liquidity is low. The analysis of the current situation of credit institutions (CI) shows that growth of the gross loan portfolio remained relatively stable, as well as the loan portfolio quality indicators, except for microcredit, which showed a decrease in these indicators. Regarding liabilities, traditional sources of funding have lost market share versus non-traditional ones (bonds, money market operations and in the interbank market), but still represent more than 70%. Moreover, the solvency indicator remained relatively stable. As for non-banking financial institutions (NBFI), the slowdown observed during the first six months of 2015 in the real annual growth of the assets total, both in the proprietary and third party position, stands out. The analysis of the main debtors of the financial system shows that indebtedness of the private corporate sector has increased in the last year, mostly driven by an increase in the debt balance with domestic and foreign financial institutions. However, the increase in this latter source of funding has been influenced by the depreciation of the Colombian peso vis-à-vis the US dollar since mid-2014. The financial indicators reflected a favorable behavior with respect to the historical average, except for the profitability indicators; although they were below the average, they have shown improvement in the last year. By economic sector, it is noted that the firms focused on farming, mining and transportation activities recorded the highest levels of risk perception by credit institutions, and the largest increases in default levels with respect to those observed in December 2014. Meanwhile, households have shown an increase in the financial burden, mainly due to growth in the consumer loan portfolio, in which the modalities of credit card, payroll deductible loan, revolving and vehicle loan are those that have reported greater increases in risk indicators. On the side of investments that could be affected by the devaluation in the portfolio of credit institutions and non-banking financial institutions (NBFI), the largest share of public debt securities, variable-yield securities and domestic private debt securities is highlighted. The value of these portfolios fell between February and August 2015, driven by the devaluation in the market of these investments throughout the year. Furthermore, the analysis of the liquidity risk indicator (LRI) shows that all intermediaries showed adequate levels and exhibit a stable behavior. Likewise, the fragility analysis of the financial system associated with the increase in the use of non-traditional funding sources does not evidence a greater exposure to liquidity risk. Stress tests assess the impact of the possible joint materialization of credit and market risks, and reveal that neither the aggregate solvency indicator, nor the liquidity risk indicator (LRI) of the system would be below the established legal limits. The entities that result more individually affected have a low share in the total assets of the credit institutions; therefore, a risk to the financial system as a whole is not observed. José Darío Uribe Governor
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