Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Stabilité thermique et mécanique'
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Amélio, Sandrine. "Evolution microstructurale d'un alliage à base TiAl : sollicitation mécanique par compression dynamique et stabilité thermique." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL/2005_AMELIO_S.pdf.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is the study of the microstructural evolution of a γ-TiAl alloy during dynamic compression tests between 196 and 600 °C and isothermal heat treatments at 700 and 900 °C for various times, between 3 and 18 days. The alloy with a nominal composition of Ti-46. 5Al-4(Cr, Nb, Ta, B) (at. %) and a near lamellar microstructure presents a good combination of mechanical strength and ductility. The alloy is compound of three ordered phases: alpha-Ti3Al, gamma-TiAl and B2-TiAl. A study of the crystal structure of the B2, gamma and alpha2 phases, of their the orientation relationships and of the coincidence site lattices and the displacement shift complete lattices has been performed by convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED, Tanaka Multibeam Method and Microdiffraction)
Hafsaoui, Said Lotfi. "Etude et modélisation de la stabilité thermique et des propriétés des polyamides au cours du rotomoulage." Phd thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure d'arts et métiers - ENSAM, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00997118.
Full textGassot, Hui Min. "Etudes de la stabilité mécanique des cavités supraconductrices et de la méthode de rigidification par projection thermique de cuivre." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001227.
Full textWang-Gassot, Huimin. "Etudes de la stabilité mécanique des cavités supraconductrices et de la méthode de rigidification par projection thermique de cuivre." Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA112314.
Full textToday's researche in nuclear physics and in particle physics needs high energy or high intensity accelerators; the use of superconducting cavities constitutes a very important technological advance for the design of such facilities, allowing high accelerating gradient with few dissipation. One of the major problems is the frequency shift under Lorentz forces : since the quality factor of the superconducting cavities is much higher than the external factor depending on the beam charge, their bandwidths are very narrow (several Hertz). Even very small mechanical deformations under Lorentz forces could induce a frequency shift which exceeeds the bandwidth when the accelerating gradient becomes very high. The contribution of this thesis consists at first in a numerical analysis of this problem, then in a mechanical study of a new method for stiffening superconducting cavities : a copper coating over their external surface by thermal spray techniques
Lucas, Sandrine. "Synthèse et comportement thermique (stabilité et frittage) de phosphates de terres rares cériques ou yttriques." Limoges, 2003. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/7ce04766-7952-4500-bd34-87ec1b24fd0b/blobholder:0/2003LIMO0005.pdf.
Full textRare earth orthophosphates, LnPO4,nH2O (Ln = La, Ce or Y), were synthesized by precipitation in aqueous media. The effect of pH, temperature, reagents stoichiometry and ripening time on the chemical composition and the The study of the thermal behaviour showed the presence of metaphosphates as a secondary phase in the temperature range 1000ʿC-1400ʿC that was very detrimental to the sintering. It is removed by calcining the powders at 1400ʿC. Thermogravimetry proved to be the best technique in order to insure the purity of the precipitates since it allows the detection of this phase down to a lower threshold than that associated with the other investigated characterization methods (IR or Raman spectrometry, chemical analysis, XRD, DTA). The monazites (La ou Ce)PO4 densify at 1400ʿC by natural sintering whereas the xenotime YPO4 is not yet sintered at 1500ʿC. Hot pressing at that temperature is required to its densification. The mechanical properties of the monazites remain low (sf 120 MPa, K1c 1,2 MPa. M1/2). The xenotime ceramic is much more mechanically resistant ((sf 320 MPa, K1c 1,5 MPa. M1/2). An important acicular growth of the grains during the sintering of the xenotime (that occurs also during the synthesis process) is considered to be responsible for the behaviour and properties differences between this material and monazites
Person, Véronique. "Contribution à l'étude du comportement dynamique et thermique des garnitures mécaniques d'étanchéité." Poitiers, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997POIT2300.
Full textDastugue, Laurent. "Contributions à l'étude de la stabilité d'écoulements autosemblables d'onde thermique pour la fusion par confinement inertiel." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00975215.
Full textVan, de Moortèle Bertrand. "Etude par spectroscopie mécanique et microscopie électronique en transmission de la stabilité thermique de verres métalliques massifs : effets de la décomposition et de la nanocristallisation." Lyon, INSA, 2002. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2002ISAL0078/these.pdf.
Full textFernandez, Rivera Catalina. "Stabilité thermique de la microstructure et des propriétés mécaniques des alliages Al3Cr1Ce et Al3Cr(1V,2Si) (% at) rapidement solidifiés." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPL083N.
Full textKlipfel, Florian. "Formulation, mise en oeuvre et caractérisation de gants élastomères à caractère radioprotecteur et antimicrobien." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC201.
Full textThe aim of this study is to give new functionalities to elastomers that will be used as gloves. Some antimicrobials and radioprotective additives will be incorporated in different polymer matrixes. The elastomers have been realized by dip coating, the impact of the additives on the rheological properties of the solutions of elastomers was analysed. Some amines can interact with the elastomers in the solvent and accelerate the vulcanization. The thermal stability of the charged elastomers has then been investigated by thermogravimetric analysis and infrared measurments. Some metallic oxides interact with elastomers containing chlorine and change the dehydrochlorination process. The impact of the additives on the mechanical properties of vulcanized elastomers has been studied, the impact of some additives on the vulcanization and the existence of strong charge-polymer interactions have been demonstrated. Finally, a method to measure the radioprotective properties of filled elastomers has been developed to measure the attenuation of the composite against ionizing radiations
Vaillant, Marie-Laure. "Stabilité physico-chimique et propriétés mécaniques d'un verre métallique massif ZrCuAlNi de l'ambiante à 600°c." Rennes 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN10134.
Full textZaher, Ghenwa. "Microstructure et comportement mécanique du cuivre et d'un alliage Cu-Sn nanostructurés par déformation plastique intense et implantés à l'azote." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR031/document.
Full textCopper is the most used material in electrical field applications. For electrical contacts, its oxidation behavior, thermal stability and hardness is essential. In this work, we attempted to find the key to make strong, but also conductive metal with a high corrosion resistance by finding an appropriate copper microstructure and surface treatment. It is well known that material properties are determined by their microstructure. Also, it was seen that nitride films enhance the oxidation resistance and the surface hardness. Therefore, to achieve our goal, pure copper and a bronze alloy Cu-8wt. %Sn have been subjected to high pressure torsion to make ultra-fine-grains and the surface was then implanted with nitrogen ions. We have investigated the effect of deformation on the hardness and the thermal stability by Vickers microhardness and DSC measurements. It is shown that tin in solid solution delay the recrystallization of the UFG produced by HPT. Tin also promotes the grain refinement and limit the dynamic annihilation during HPT deformation. Furthermore, a correlation between the properties and the microstructure was done by SEM and TEM analyses. A qualitative model taking into account the production and annihilation of dislocations has been developed to predict the influence of process parameters on the evolution of microstructure and hardness. Recrystallized and UFG Cu and CuSn8 were implanted with nitrogen. It has been shown by nanoindentation that their surface hardness increase significantly after implantation. TEM analyses (SAED, STEM HAADF and EELS) demonstrated the formation of copper nitrides which cause superficial hardening. Copper nitrides were also formed in CuSn8 whereas no tin nitride was detected. Moreover, it is interesting to note that the defects (in particular deformation twins) seem to be preferential nucleation sites for copper nitrides
Nicolas, Xavier. "Simulation numérique et stabilité des écoulements de convection mixte en conduite rectangulaire chauffée par le bas." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00812211.
Full textCrisci, Jean-Pierre. "Élaboration de fils métalliques fins par trempe depuis l'état liquide : paramètres et mécanismes (In Rotating Liquid Melt Spinning)." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPL125N.
Full textBouzouita, Amani. "Élaboration des matériaux à base de l'acide polylactique pour application automobile : étude des interactions entre structure-process-propriétés." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016VALE0027/document.
Full textThe interest to use polymeric materials derived from renewable resources increases continuously due to considerably improved environmental awareness and the expected depletion of petrochemical ressources. In this regard, Poly(lactic acid), PLA, is a biopolymer that can respond to the demand for such materials for a wide range of applications, thanks to interesting mechanical properties such as high tensile/flexural strength and rigidity, in particular. However, in many cases, durable applications of PLA have been significantly limited by its inherent brittleness and limited thermal stability. In this dissertation, we focused on the design of new biobased PLA materials for automotive parts subjected to severe loading and environmental conditions, by improving thermal and mechanical properties, including under high strain rate loadings. Thus, the most promising compound is selected as the one that offers the best balance between different properties (ductility, strength and stiffness, impact toughness, good thermal stability…) with a content of bio-sourced polymer in the blend at least equal to 50%. Other strategies to improve crystallinity of PLA-based compounds are also studied. In all those developments, a particular attention is paid to the study of structure-process-properties interactions
Fedi, Baptiste. "Etude multi-échelle des mécanismes d'élaboration de revêtements d'alliage zinc-nickel à base d'électrolytes alcalins : germination, complexation et structures cristallines." Thesis, Besançon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BESA2078.
Full textThe present work aims to deepen the understanding of the mechanisms of zinc-nickelelectrodeposition in alkaline baths. Zinc-nickel deposits containing between 12% and 16%nickel known for their anti-corrosion performance. Complexing agents are required toobtain soluble and reactive nickel forms, and to stabilize the electrolytes. A study ofthe complexing mechanisms has improved the understanding of their respective role andbehavior, and their influence on the stability and the morphology and crystalline structureof the coatings obtained. The crystalline phases of electroplated zinc-nickel alloys in therange from 1% to 20% nickel content were quantified by deconvolution of potentiodynamicoxidation curves and XRD. This approach has led to a precise mapping of the alloyphases obtained as a function of the nickel content. The thermal stability of the differentphases has also been evaluated and quantified by this method. The formulation of theelectrolytes and the process parameters may modify the kinetics of coating germination. Afundamental study of the mechanisms of germination by chronoamperometry coupled witha parametric identification allows the quantification of parameter evolution in relation tonucleation phenomenon of simple elements. The study of alloy germination has shownthat decomplexing reactions are able to modify nucleation kinetics, without achieving acomplete comprehensive modeling
Lafon, Jean-Philippe. "Synthèse, stabilité thermique et frittage d'hydroxyapatites carbonatées." Limoges, 2004. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/01944990-650e-4d4b-8a6b-6fb386bd453c/blobholder:0/2004LIMO0007.pdf.
Full textSingle-phased B-type carbonated apatites (substitution of phosphate ions by carbonate ions) Ca10-xx(PO4)6-x(CO3)x(OH)2-xx (with 0 £ x £ 2) were synthesised by precipitation in aqueous media with regulated pH and temperature conditions, in order to produce bone substitutes. The ratio of carbonate substitution in the apatite was controlled by the carbonate to phosphorus (C/P) molar ratio of reagents and increased with it. Powders were single phased of apatitic structure if (C/P) did not exceed 1. For higher values, the synthesis led to a biphasic precipitate CaCO3 or CaO and apatite. The decarbonatation reaction under partial pressures of water vapour, CO2 and inert gas was governed by a bivariant equilibrium. It implies an apatitic solid solution made of two constituents and a secondary phase of CaCO3 or CaO. Thermodynamically, the decarbonatation reaction depended only on the partial pressure of CO2 and on the initial composition of the apatite. However, the reaction is catalysed by water vapour. In the same time but independently of the B sites decarbonatation equilibrium, depending on the temperature, partial pressures of CO2 and H2O the A sites ("hydroxide" sites) can loss or gain carbonate or hydroxide ions according to a trivariant system of two equilibria between three constituents of an apatite solid solution. A partial pressure of CO2 in the sintering atmosphere allowed to prevent the decarbonatation of the B sites at temperatures authorizing the densification of the materials. So, the different compositions synthesised in this study could be densified beyond 95%. The sintering temperature decreased when the carbonate substitution ratio in B sites of the apatite increased, but raised when the carbonate substitution ratio in A sites augmented. The presence of water vapour in the sintering atmosphere enhanced the sintering by inhibiting A sites carbonatation
Curtet, Émilien. "Évolution microstructurale et compréhension des mécanismes de déformation d'un acier austénitique stabilisé au titane pour les réacteurs de quatrième dimension." Thesis, Poitiers, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019POIT2293.
Full textThe fourth generation of nuclear reactors must meet new requirements for safety, energy efficiency, and integration into the nuclear fuel cycle. The CEA is a primary actor in this field and is developing new concepts for sodium-cooled fast reactors. The fuel cladding material being considered for these reactors is 15-15Ti AIM1 steel (Austenitic Improved Material #1), which is an advanced austenitic stainless steel containing 15-wt% chromium and 15-wt% nickel, Ti-stabilized and slightly cold-worked. This steel exhibits a singular loss of ductility between 20 and 200°C: the uniform and total elongations (UE and TE) are reduced by a factor of 3 in this temperature range. In addition, the effect of thermal aging on the microstructure and mechanical behavior is poorly known in the lowest operating conditions that are between 400 and 600°C. In this context, the objectives of this Ph.D. thesis are: - Increase our knowledge of the deformation mechanisms involved in the singular behavior at 200°C ; - Study the influence of a thermal aging between 400 and 600°C on the microstructural evolutions and on the mechanical behavior, with particular attention on the singularity at 200°C. Examining the relation between the singular behavior at 200°C and the related deformation mechanisms required a multi-scale approach combining techniques such as tensile tests, Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD), and Transmission electron Microscopy (TEM). The analyses revealed: - A coexistence of twinning and perfect slip at 20°C;- An extinction of twinning replaced by a predominance of perfect slip associated with cross-slip at 200°C;- A continuous increase of the Stacking Fault Energy (SFE) from 20 to 200°C. In particular, the measured values are respectively 27 mJ/m² and 46 mJ/m². The evolution of the deformation mechanisms of 15-15Ti AIM can be explained by a competition between twinning and cross-slip for releasing the strain energy of the material. At 20°C, both dislocation glide and twinning are active, and the twinning produces a “Dynamic Hall-Petch Effect”, which produces continual strain hardening of the microstructure even at high strains, which leads to high ductility. On the other hand, the stacking fault energy is high at 200°C, so twinning no longer occurs, but cross-slip becomes active. Thus, little strain hardening occurs at 200°C, which leads to the rapid onset of strain localization and reduced ductility.Samples that were aged between 400 and 600°C for 1000 hours exhibit no evidence of material recovery. However, TEM observations established a new threshold for the precipitation of nanometric titanium carbides after an isothermal treatment at 500°C for 5000 hours. Concerning the tensile properties, the aged states present a gain both in strength (especially in Ultimate Tensile Strength) and in ductility (UE, TE) compared to the initial cold-worked state. This gain in ductility is observed for all of the temperatures tested (between 20 and 400°C) and is accompanied by an increase of the strain hardening rate of the material. One plausible hypothesis to explain this improvement of the mechanical behavior relies on the nanometric titanium carbides formed during the aging process. These precipitates could prevent by pinning the initially present dislocations to recombine or annihilate with the dislocations introduced by the tensile test
Demoulin, Pascal. "Structure et stabilité thermique et magnétique des protubérances solaires." Paris 7, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA077040.
Full textLuo, Huan. "Study of the plasma phenomenon in HiPIMS discharge. : Application to the reactive deposition of tantalum and hafnium carbide nanocomposite coatings and characterization of their physicochemical, structural, mechanical and oxidation resistance propertie." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCA010.
Full textHigh Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering technology (HiPIMS) has been developed and considered as an effective method for film preparation. HiPIMS technology allows for much greater flexibility for manipulating film structure and performance, leading to films with unique properties that are often unachievable in the other PVD approaches. However, the underlying plasma mechanism for supporting film growth is currently blurred. Moreover, HiPIMS technology is still stationed in the laboratory, many films with desirable properties have not been explored under HiPIMS framework. In this work, (i) the driven mechanism of high density plasma coherent structure (i.e., spokes) in the HiPIMS discharge and (ii) how the structure and properties of the TaC/a-C:H and HfC/a-C:H films are regulated by HiPIMS were investigated. For the driven mechanism of spokes, based on the dispersion relationship of HiPIMS plasma and the evolution of the coupling between two azimuthal waves, the coupling-induced wave model was proposed. For the TaC/a-C:H and HfC/a-C:H films, the chemical bond states, structure, morphology, mechanical and tribological properties, thermal stability as well as oxidation resistance of the films were investigated. By comparison with DC deposited films, it is demonstrated that HiPIMS technology provides a potential strategy for preparing higher performance TaC/a-C:H and HfC/a-C:H films in terms of hardness, friction coefficient and wear resistance, oxidation resistance and thermal stability by modulating the chemical bonding state and nanocomposite structure of the films through HiPIMS reactive plasma
Egret, Hélène. "Synthèse et caractérisation des polymères du diméthylcétène. Application à la perméabilité aux gaz." Rouen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ROUES048.
Full textRat-Valdambrini, Micha. "Stabilité thermique et propriétés catalytiques des matériaux mésostructurés hybrides." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26212/26212.pdf.
Full textRat-Valdambrini, Micha. "Stabilité thermique et propriétés caralytiques des matériaux mésostructurés hybrides." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20781.
Full textBillon, Laurent. "Matrices organiques à haute stabilité thermique et résistance à l'oxydation." Pau, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PAUU3037.
Full textBoufoussi, M'Barek. "Modélisation thermique, métallurgique et mécanique du traitement thermique superficiel par faisceau laser." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPL046N.
Full textPetit, Antoine. "Architecture et stabilité des systèmes planétaires." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEO005.
Full textThe architecture of a planetary systems is a signpost of their formation and history.Moreover, the large number of recent and future exoplanets discoveries allows to study the exoplanet system population.Besides, the observations of exoplanet systems has enriched the diversity of planetary system architecture, revealing that the Solar System shape is far from being the norm.However, the organization of planetary systems is heavily affected by dynamical stability, making individual studies particularly challenging.Since planets dynamics are chaotic, a detailed stability analysis study is computationally expensive.In this thesis, I develop analytic stability criteria for planet dynamics.In the secular system, the conservation of the total angular momentum and semi-major axes imply the conservation of the Angular Momentum Deficit (AMD).The AMD is a measure of a system’s eccentricities and mutual inclinations and act as a dynamical temperature of the system.Based on this consideration, we make the simplifying assumption that the dynamics can be replaced by AMD exchanges between the planets.In the first chapter we define the concept of AMD-stability. The AMD-stability criterion allows to discriminate between a priori stable planetary systems and systems for which the stability is not granted and needs further investigations.We show how AMD-stability can be used to establish a classification of the multiplanet systems in order to exhibit theplanetary systems that are long-term stable because they are AMD-stable, and those that are AMD-unstable which then require someadditional dynamical studies to conclude on their stability. We classify 131 multiplanet systems from the exoplanet.eu database with sufficiently well-known orbital elements.While the AMD criterion is rigorous, AMD conservation is only granted in absence of mean-motion resonances (MMR).If the MMR islands overlap, the system experiences chaos leading to instability.In the second chapter, we extend the AMD-stability criterion to take into account the overlap of first-order MMR.I derive analytically a new overlap criterion for first-order MMR.This stability criterion unifies the previous criteria proposed in the literature and admits the criteria obtained for initially circular and eccentric orbits as limit cases.In the third chapter I explain how the Hill stability can be understood in the AMD framework.Widely used, the Hill stability is a topological stability criterion for the three body system.However, most studies only use the coplanar and circular orbit approximation.We show that the general Hill stability criterion can be expressed as a function of only semi-major axes, masses, and total AMD of the system.The proposed criterion is only expanded in the planets-to-star mass ratio and not in the orbital elements.When studying AMD-unstable system, numerical simulations are mandatory.However the long timescales in planet dynamics make necessary the use of symplectic methods.These methods provide very accurate and fast integration when a system is stable.Their downside is that they are limited to fixed time-step integration.For unstable systems, the integrator may fail to resolve a close encounter and become inaccurate.In the fourth chapter, I propose a time renormalization that allow to use high order symplectic integrator with adaptive time-step at close encounter.The algorithm is well-adapted to systems of few similar masses planets.In the final chapter, I revisit the planet formation toy model developed by J. Laskar.While the AMD is conserved in the secular dynamics, it decreases during planets collisions.Laskar's model can be solved analytically for the average outcome and numerical simulations are very quick allowing to build large system population.I show that this formation model is in good agreement with recent realistic planet formation simulations where the final architecture results from a giant impact phase
Abakar, Ali. "Caractéristiques mécaniques et thermiques de l’argile stabilisée par la gomme arabique et renforcée par la paille de riz." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0066.
Full textGlobal warming and the high cost of conventional building materials (cement, lime, steel) force us to use local, available materials with no negative effect on the atmosphere. These are compressed earth blocks (BTC) stabilized with arabic gum and reinforced with rice straw. The main objective of this work is the valorization of local and ecological materials for the construction of sustainable homes. The study concerns the mechanical, thermal and durability characterization of specimens made of clay, sand, arabic gum, rice straw and water in different proportions. For this purpose, the percentages of gum Arabic are 5%, 10% and 15%. Those of rice straw are 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 30% of sand are retained for this research work. BTC bricks measuring 30 x 15 x 8 cm and specimens measuring 4 x 4 x 16 cm are manufactured to perform the mechanical tests. A "hot wire" method adapted to cylindrical specimens 16 cm in diameter and 32 cm in height is used for the determination of thermal conductivities. The use of arabic gum as a binder in the construction has given satisfactory results. At a rate of 15% gum Arabic associated with a much higher compressive stress, allow us to obtain BTCs having an acceptable mechanical strength as well as a better resistance to rainwater. Mechanical results show that gum Arabic improves mechanical strength. As is the compaction constraint. By cons the use of rice straw in the mixture reduces its mechanical strength and lightens the material. The measured thermal conductivity values show that the different formulations cannot be considered as insulating materials. The specimens exposed to the climatic hazards (rain and moisture) for a month show that the unstabilized earth blocks have deteriorated in the rain. On the other hand, samples stabilized by gum Arabic have retained their good habits. Similarly, stabilized and unstabilized specimens are immersed in water. From 15 min, all test pieces are deteriorated. The clay materials stabilized by gum Arabic can not be used as a foundation in construction. This research work will be completed by aging tests on the various formulations for validation as a new sustainable building material
Maes, Ludovic. "Stabilité des coordinations locomotrices quadrupèdes : allures et transitions." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MNHN0006.
Full textThe quantification of quadrupedal limb coordination in all possible circumstances (simple or complex environment, steady locomotion, acceleration or deceleration) shows that the anteroposterior sequence approach reflects the actual mechanisms of coordination. It is especially powerful in linking the temporal and spatial dimensions of coordination in relation to the morphology of animals, and revealed the same basic pattern of coordinations in terrestrial mammals giving rise to the observed trend towards dynamic similarity. The steadiness of coordination has been characterized in dogs, and factors have been identified, affecting steadiness and unsteadiness of coordination, or that are responsible for differences between mammals. The mechanisms underlying 11 types of gait transitions have been also described, suggesting the existence of transitional programs to control the switch from a gait to another, without hampering the smooth progression of animals
Halloumi, Anouar. "Modélisation mécanique et thermique du procédé de laminage asymétrique." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00609219.
Full textLachance, Olivier. "Conductivité thermique et perméabilité intrinsèque de la neige compactée." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30712/30712.pdf.
Full textMazhoud, Brahim. "Elaboration et caractérisation mécanique, hygrique et thermique de composites bio-sourcés." Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ISAR0024/document.
Full textIn response to environmental concerns, the use of hemp concrete has been developed in recent years and has shown its efficiency from a hygrothermal point of view. Its life cycle analysis underlines the environmental interest of hemp and shows that the most impacting component is the binder, usually lime-based. The aim of this thesis is to develop hemp-based composites by substituting lime with a less impacting mineral matrix. Several formulations are made with different binder matrices and different hemp content. On the one hand, the ThermO® commercial binder is used to produce "classic" hemp concrete, which are used as a comparative reference. On the other hand, binder matrices are developed based on washing mud fines. Claytec® commercial earth is also considered. After presenting the different raw materials selected for this study, the ThermO® binder is characterized with several water ton binder ratios. The washing mud fine stabilisation is investigated regarding mechanical resistance objectives. A stabilization with 5% of portland cement coupled with 5% of ThermO® is selected for the following development. This formulation does not significantly affect the thermal conductivity of the binder matrix, while allowing to achieve the fixed mechanical objectives. The composites made with the various selected binders have hemp I binder ratios ranging between 0.4 and 0.75, conventional ratio for roof, wall and floor applications. They are implemented by compact ion, which leads to densities ranging from 370 to 61 5 kg/m3 and porosities ranging from 70 to 81%. The mechanical. Thermal and hygric behaviors of the composites are investigated. The measured mechanical performances meet the requirements of the professional rules Construire en Chanvre, even for composites made with unstabilized fines. The sorption isotherms obtained are class II or III sigmoid, with higher water contents for composites made with ThermO®. The MBV values obtained show that the composites made with fines and with Caytec® earth are better hygric regulators than the composites made with ThermO® binder, respectively classified as excellent and as very good hygric regulators. The thermal performances of the composites allow a use in distributed insulation. At the dry point, the thermal conductivity mainly depends on the density, without impact of the type of binder. As ambient relative humidity increases, the thermal conductivity of ThermO®, binder-based composites is more impacted than that of other composites in connection with sorption isotherms. This study thus shows the relevance of the development of composites formulated with washing mud fine as a substitute tor lime
Guemouri, Younes. "Équilibres et stabilité thermiques des supraconducteurs." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPL117N.
Full textCong, Weimin. "Préparation, caractérisation et stabilité thermique de différentes phases de l’hydrure d’aluminium (alane)." Poitiers, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011POIT2275.
Full textAluminum hydride or alane AlH3 is a very important material as energetic additives in rocket propellants. There are at least eight AlH3 phases found in the literature. But in fact only the most stable α-AlH3 (Hf° = -11. 4 kJ mol-1) can be a candidate for the potential utilization. The safe, reliable, low toxic and low cost synthesis methods of pure α-AlH3 attracted numerous studies. The alane samples are synthesized using an organometallic synthesis method in two steps : (i) preparation of a soluble alane complex solvated by ether; and (ii) removal of ether to get the non-sovated alane. 1) 3 LiAlH4 (in ether) + AlCl3 (in ether) (+ LiBH4) 4 AlH3·Et2O (solvated) + 3 LiCl(s) 2) AlH3·Et2O (solvated) (heat treatment / crystallization in solvent solution) AlH3(s). With changing heat treatment conditions and crystallization condition, kinds of alane samples are prepared. These samples are characterized with powder X-ray diffraction, Scanning electron spectroscopy, Raman scattering microprobe and NMR (27Al and 1H, for the study of alane solvated solution in ether). The decomposition performances of the samples are investigated by TGA-DTA and In-situ X-ray diffraction. Among these samples, pure γ-phase alane and pure α-phase alane are obtained successfully. The heat treatment temperature and the crystallization conditions in solvent solution play very important roles in the pure γ and α phase alane preparation respectively. After the stabilization treatment, α-phase alane are well stabilized. The samples are very stable until the main decomposition. The pure α-phase alane sample is prepared with larger scale (from 2 g to 6 g) and is repeatedly synthesized successfully. It has proved this preparation method is reliable and reproducible
Bonnet, Jean-Pierre. "Synthèse et mise en oeuvre de polyaniline conductrice à stabilité thermique améliorée." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004GRE10021.
Full textSève, Gilles. "Stabilité des ouvrages géotechniques : Données expérimentales et méthodes d'analyse." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ENPC0013.
Full textEarthwork projects are generally designed, using methods of calculation which are defined by codes and practice depending on earthwork type. The present study deals with the experimental validation of the methods used to compute earthwork stability (natural slopes, excavations and embankments, eventually reinforced). The mechanical principles and assumptions of various methods are described and analysed. Three groups have been assessed : a) methods based on limit equilibrium, b) methods based on limit analysis theory and c) methods based on deformations computing using FEM. A comparative study between different methods leads to specify their limits of applicability and indicates that the factors of safety calculated using one or another method are very close (less that 10 % difference). Common practice of slope stability analysis is described and analysed. Regulations and codes are also presented with emphasis on Eurocode 7. The effect of using Eurocode 7 recommendations for design is illustrated by a parametric study. Particular slope problems, like natural and embankment slopes subjected to seismic loading, as well as special earthwork techniques (soil nailing) are evaluated. Numerous sites are fully described and analysed using different methods. Predictions are compared to the actual slope behaviour. Experimental validation of most numerical methods is presented
Hirata, Silvia. "Stabilité de la convection thermique et / ou solutale en couches fluide et poreuse superposées." Paris 6, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00175767.
Full textLe, Meur Hervé. "Existence, unicité et stabilité d'écoulements de fluides viscoélastiques avec interfaces." Paris 11, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA112406.
Full textMoussa, Béchir. "Etude de stabilité et relation fréquence." Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20064.
Full textJeday, Mohamed-Razak. "Convertisseurs d'énergies thermique - chimique - mécanique : étude thermodynamique et évaluation économique." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10045.
Full textGuesnet, Étienne. "Modélisation du comportement mécanique et thermique des silices nano-architecturées." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAI075/document.
Full textNanostructured silicas are ultra-porous materials (more than 80 % porosity) used to make Vacuum Insulation Panels (VIP).They have exceptional thermal properties, but poor mechanical properties. The goal of this thesis is to study these materials at the scale of the particle (a few nm), the aggregate of particles (a few tens of nm) and the agglomerate of aggregates (a few hundred nm), in order to better understand mechanical and thermal behaviour using simulations, and to propose ways to improve the thermal / mechanical compromise. The particulate nature of the material and its multi-scale naturejustify the use of Discrete Element Methods (DEM). An original model allowing to generate aggregates with controlledmorphology (fractal dimension, radius of gyration, porosity) is proposed. The compaction behaviour of the aggregates is then studied by DEM. A low-density cycling approach has been developed to obtain realistic initial aggregate arrangements.The preponderance of adhesive phenomena in the system makes it very sensitive to the initial arrangement. The tensile response of structures generated by compaction is also evaluated. The influence of aggregate morphology, adhesion and friction were studied. Emphasis is placed on the comparison of two types of silica (pyrogenic and precipitated) with different morphologies and for which experimental data allow a comparison with simulations. The simulations presented allow us to provide answers on the origin of the differences in mechanical behaviour observed experimentally for these two types of silica.A modeling of the thermal conductivity of the material, with a focus on solid conductivity, is also proposed
Paddick, Matthew. "Stabilité de couches limites et d'ondes solitaires en mécanique des fluides." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1S049/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with a couple of stability problems in fluid mechanics. In the first two parts, we work on the inviscid limit problem for Navier-Stokes equations. We look to show whether or not a sequence of solutions to Navier-Stokes in a half-space with a Navier slip condition on the boundary converges towards a solution of the inviscid model, the Euler equation, when the viscosity parameters vanish. First, we consider the 2D incompressible model. We obtain convergence in L2 of weak solutions of Navier-Stokes towards a strong solution of Euler, as well as the instability in L∞ in a very short time of some initial data chosen as stationary solutions to the Euler equation. These results are not contradictory, and we construct initial data that allows both phenomena to occur simultaneously in the periodic setting. Second, we look at the 3D isentropic (constant temperature) compressible equations. We show that solutions exist in conormal Sobolev spaces for a time that does not depend on the viscosity when this is small, and we get strong convergence towards a solution of the Euler equation on this uniform time of existence by compactness arguments. In the third part of the thesis, we work on a solitary wave stability problem. To be precise, we consider an isentropic, compressible, inviscid fluid with internal capillarity, governed by the Euler-Korteweg equations, and we show the transverse nonlinear instability of solitons, that is that initially small 2D perturbations of a 1D travelling wave solution can end up far from it
Chraibi, Ajjaj Said. "Flambage de coques cylindriques sous combinaison de chargements mécaniques et thermique cyclique." Lyon, INSA, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ISAL0034.
Full textIn certain industrial application, the risk of buckling under the simultaneous action of two or more loads may be very high. The risk becomes even greater if one of the loads, for exemple the thermal load, is cyclic. The abject of this work is to bring a contribution to the understanding and analysis of this phenomena. The study was carried out using both experimental and numerical means, it covers two load combinations. In the first case, a combination of axial traction and external pressure was studied on cylindrical electroplated nickel shells. The influence of the following parameters was studied: The elastic and plastic axial prestress. The order of application of the two loads. The cyclic application of the external pressure load. Comparison with numerical results allows a better understanding of the phenomena and enables us to identify a suitable modelisation to represent the constitutive law in the buckling calculations. The second case consisted of applying the same mechanical loads combined to a cyclic axial gradient of temperature. The tests were carried on specimens made of stainless steel sheet rolled and welded along a generating line. Experimental and numerical results give useful data concerning the contribution of each of the loads to buckling. In particular, a nominal pressure limit is put forward. Under this limit, the risk of progressive buckling by cyclic thermal load can be put aside
Abed-Meraim, Farid. "Quelques problèmes de stabilité et de bifurcation des solides visqueux." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00655820.
Full textLoueslati, Karim. "Stabilité hydrodynamique et magnétohydrodynamique d'un jet capillaire tournant." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2000. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2000_LOUESLATI_K.pdf.
Full textLopez-Pamies, Oscar. "Sur le comportement effective, l'évolution de microstructure, et la stabilité macroscopique des composites élastomères." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EPXX0049.
Full textRicher, Stéphanie. "Stabilité thermique et dégradation sous atmosphère contrôlée de prépolymères thermostables à terminaisons propargylique et cyanate." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO10301.
Full textFourel, Loïc. "Stabilité et instabillité de la lithosphère continentale." Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GLOB0008.
Full textMost of the studies concerning cratonic longevity tackle the problem from the stability point of view and not the instability. We analyze stability and instability conditions of continental lithosphere through numerical simulations and laboratory experiments. Continental lithosphere is made of differentiated mantle, more viscous and less dense than the primitive mantle. We treat cases in which viscosity is constant and where it depends on temperature. We characterize two different regimes. In the first one, the lithosphere remains stable over a convection which only implies the underlying mantle. In the second one, the lower part of lithosphere is unstable and the characteristics of convection only depend on its viscosity (not the viscosity of the underlying mantle). Scaling laws are derived from numerous simulations for both regimes. They allow us to estimate the temperature difference available for convection underneath the continents as well as the buoyancy number for continental lithosphere. Laboratory experiments define the behaviour of such instabilities in the case of continents of finite horizontal width. For every geometry tested, the convective pattern develops radially over a corona which width depends on the dimensionless numbers of the system. The aspect ratio, defined as height over width, of a continent affects its stability. The greater it is, the stabler is the continent
Roy, Clément. "Dynamique et stabilité de tourbillons avec écoulement axial." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00436894.
Full textSino, Rim. "Comportement dynamique et stabilité des rotors : application aux rotors composites." Lyon, INSA, 2007. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2007ISAL0067/these.pdf.
Full textThis work deals with the study of dynamic instabilities within rotating assemblies due to internal damping effects. In order to consider realistic mechanical properties, in terms of internal damping, a rheological model is associated to a general finite element beam approach, including transversal shear. After a description of the theoretical background (choice of internal damping model and equations of motion), a first application illustrates the ability of the proposed model. The influence of damping on frequencies and on instability thresholds is investigated using a parametric study. Results are compared to those obtained from an analytical approach as well as from experiments. A second application is concerned with the dynamic instability of an internally damped rotating composite shaft. A Simplified Homogenized Beam Theory (SHBT), which takes into account internal damping, is introduced and then used to evaluate natural frequencies and instability thresholds. The results are compared to those obtained by using an Equivalent Modulus Beam Theory (EMBT) widely used in the literature, a Modified Equivalent Modulus Beam Theory and a Layerwise Beam Theory (LBT). The influence of laminate parameters: stacking sequences, fiber orientation and transversal shear effect on natural frequencies and instability thresholds of the shaft is studied via a parametrical study. This parametric study shows that shaft instability thresholds can be very sensitive to all these parameters
Mézière, Yves. "Quelques aspects de la stabilité et de la bifurcation élastique." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066525.
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