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Academic literature on the topic 'Stabilité de la SEI'

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Published: 25 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Stabilité de la SEI"

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Ali, Yasir, Noman Iqbal, Imran Shah, and Seungjun Lee. "Mechanical Stability of the Heterogenous Bilayer Solid Electrolyte Interphase in the Electrodes of Lithium–Ion Batteries." Mathematics 11, no. 3 (January 19, 2023): 543. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math11030543.

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Mechanical stability of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is crucial to mitigate the capacity fade of lithium–ion batteries because the rupture of the SEI layer results in further consumption of lithium ions in newly generated SEI layers. The SEI is known as a heterogeneous bilayer and consists of an inner inorganic layer connecting the particle and an outer organic layer facing the electrolyte. The growth of the bilayer SEI over cycles alters the stress generation and failure possibility of both the organic and inorganic layers. To investigate the probability of mechanical failure of the bilayer SEI, we developed the electrochemical-mechanical coupled model with the core–double-shell particle/SEI layer model. The growth of the bilayer SEI is considered over cycles. Our results show that during charging, the stress of the particle changes from tensile to compressive as the thickness of bilayer SEI increases. On the other hand, in the SEI layers, large compressive radial and tensile tangential stress are generated. During discharging, the compressive radial stress of the bilayer SEI transforms into tensile radial stress. The tensile tangential and radial stresses are responsible for the fracture and debonding of the bilayer SEI, respectively. As the thickness ratio of the inorganic to organic layers increases, the fracture probability of the inorganic layer increases, while that of the organic layer decreases. However, the debonding probability of both layers is decreased. In addition, the SEI covering large particles is more vulnerable to fracture, while that covering small particles is more susceptible to debonding. Therefore, tailoring the thickness ratio of the inorganic to organic layers and particle size is important to reduce the fracture and debonding of the heterogeneous bilayer SEI.
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Lucht, Brett L. "(Invited) Optimization of Carbonate Electrolytes for Lithium Metal Anodes." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 5 (December 22, 2023): 830. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-025830mtgabs.

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A solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is generated on the anode of lithium ion batteries during the first few charging cycles. While the SEI generated for LiPF6/carbonate based electrolytes is stable on graphite anodes, the stability of the SEI is poor for LiPF6/carbonate based electrolytes with lithium metal anodes. However, modification of the carbonate based electrolytes via incorporation of alternative salts and/or electrolyte additives significantly improves the stability of the SEI and the cycle life of lithium metal anodes. Investigations of the SEI structure have been conducted via a combination of XPS, IR-ATR, SEM, and TEM. Mechanisms for the generation of the complicated mixture of products are presented along with the differences in the SEI structure and function.
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Yao, Koffi, Rownak Jahan Mou, Sattajit Barua, and Daniel P. Abraham. "(Digital Presentation) Unraveling of the Morphology and Chemistry Dynamics in the FEC-Generated Silicon Anode SEI across Delithiated and Lithiated States." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 8 (December 22, 2023): 3289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-0283289mtgabs.

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The silicon solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) faces cyclical cracking and reconstruction due to the ~350% volume expansion of Si which leads to shortened cell life during electrochemical cycling. Understanding the SEI morphology/chemistry and more importantly its dynamic evolution from delithiated and lithiated states is paramount to engineering a stable Si anode. Fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) is a preferred additive with widely demonstrated enhancement of the Si cycling. Thus, insights into the effects of FEC on the dynamics of the resulting SEI may provide hints toward engineering the Si interface. Herein, ATR-FTIR, AFM, tip IR, and XPS probing all show pronounced relative invariance of the FEC-generated SEI compared to the FEC-free SEI between adjacent lithiated and delithiated states beyond the formation cycles. The SEI of Si thin film model surfaces in the baseline 1 M LiPF6 in EC:EMC (1:1) undergoes major morphological and chemical speciation swings between half-cycles while comparatively the SEI upon addition of FEC displays far less dynamic evolution. This morphology and chemistry stability of the FEC-SEI supports the enhanced cycling stability of silicon anodes in FEC-containing electrolytes. The experimental evidence gathered suggests that the FEC-SEI invariance is enabled by an elastomeric polycarbonate matrix that preserves the SEI integrity against the expansion of silicon upon lithiation. In turn, less electrolyte-consuming reconstruction occurs which manifests as and high LiF content from one half-cycle to the next. This work provides critical insights to enhance the silicon anode stability via targeted SEI engineering, namely that LiF protected by an elastomeric protective matrix may be key to buffering the unavoidable mechanical disruption. Figure 1
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Mesmin, C., and J. ‐O Liljenzin. "Determination of H2TPTZ22+Stability Constant by TPTZ Solubility in Nitric Acid." Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange 21, no. 6 (January 11, 2003): 783–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/sei-120025922.

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Ji, Yuchen, Luyi Yang, and Feng Pan. "In-Situ Probing the Origin of Interfacial Instability of Na Metal Anode." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 5 (December 22, 2023): 832. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-025832mtgabs.

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The chemical-mechanical stability of solid–electrolyte interphase (SEI) is probably the most critical factor determining the performance of alkali metal anode (Li, Na, etc.) in secondary batteries. Although extensive advanced characterization methods have been carried out to study SEI layers of Na metal anode, including solid state nuclear magnetic resonance1, 2, cryogenic transmission electron microscopy3, etc., the structural/componential evolution of SEI is still an uncharted territory due to its transient formation process and complicated components. In this work, we systematically analyze the SEI formation and dissolution processes via jointly combining multiple in-situ characterization technologies. By revealing spatial-temporal resolved information of SEI evolution, the buried origin of chemical-mechanical instability of SEI in Na anode is further clarified, which provides valuable guidelines for SEI engineering. A dynamic SEI formation/dissolution model of Na metal anode is demonstrated as follow: Quantitative evaluation methods for the chemical instability (i.e., solubility) and mechanical instability (i.e., modulus) are designed. According to the mass variation in EQCM and the modulus measurement in in-situ AFM, we firstly quantitatively observe the chemical and mechanical stability evolution during SEI formation process. The dynamic evolution picture of SEI formation has been explicitly established. We discover the instantaneous electrochemical formation process of SEI is obviously divided into two stages based on the potential. It is revealed that the formation of efficient passivation layer anchored on Na surface during the 1st (passivating) stage (2.3 – 1 V vs Na/Na+) (Scheme 1 a-b) is the critical factor to construct stable SEI. In absence of passivation layer, the Na mental surface will trigger unrestricted electrolyte decomposition and homogenous components distribution during the subsequent (growing) stage. The dissolution model of SEI was revealed related to its spatial distribution of organics and inorganics. SEI with layered structure evolved from a compact passivation layer is found to have higher stability than that with homogenously distributed components. The inorganic species in the latter structure tend to detach from the SEI with the dissolution of organics, resulting in poor SEI chemical stability (Scheme 1 c and e). By contrast, SEIs with hierarchical structure growing based on the top of a passivation layer exhibits lower dissolution tendency (Scheme 1 d and f). The dynamic analysis of SEI evolution of Na anode presented in this work not only sheds light on how to construct a stable SEI, but also provides guiding significance in unveiling the seemingly complicated interfacial chemistry in batteries via a concerted characterization approach. References Gao, L.N., Chen, J.E., Chen, Q.L. et al. The chemical evolution of solid electrolyte interface in sodium metal batteries. Science Advances 8, 4606 (2022). Xiang, Y., Zheng, G., Liang, Z. et al. Visualizing the growth process of sodium microstructures in sodium batteries by in-situ 23Na MRI and NMR spectroscopy. Nat. Nanotechnol. 15, 883–890 (2020). Han, B., Zou, Y., Zhang, Z. et al. Probing the Na metal solid electrolyte interphase via cryo-transmission electron microscopy. Nat Commun 12, 3066 (2021). Figure 1
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Swallow, Jack E. N., Michael Fraser, Nis-Julian Kneusels, Jodie F. Charlton, Christopher G. Sole, Conor Phelan, Erik Björklund, et al. "Operando X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy of Solid Electrolyte Interphase Formation on Silicon Anodes." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 5 (December 22, 2023): 825. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-025825mtgabs.

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Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are key to the transition from fossil fuels towards increased use of renewable energy sources. However, more widespread deployment requires improvements in energy density, cost and cycle-lifetime. Various cathode and anode materials are under consideration for next-generation LIBs, and the interfacial stability of these materials in contact with the electrolyte is a critical consideration. Interface-sensitive operando characterization techniques are thus urgently needed to reveal the reactions occurring in working batteries.1,2 The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) that forms on Li-ion battery anodes is critical to their long-term performance, however observing SEI formation processes at the buried electrode-electrolyte interface is a significant challenge. Here we show that operando soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy in total electron yield mode can resolve the chemical evolution of the SEI during electrochemical formation in a Li-ion cell, with nm-scale interface sensitivity. O, F, and Si K-edge spectra, acquired as a function of potential, reveal when key reactions occur on high-capacity amorphous Si anodes cycled with and without fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC).3 Cross-referencing to cycling data, complementary bulk sensitive fluoresecent yield (FY) XAS measurements, and density functional theory (DFT) calculated spectra enables identification of the electrolyte and SEI species, and the dominant mechanisms of SEI formation. Without FEC present, LiF formation is detected at 0.6 V vs. Li/Li+ prior to significant lithiation of the a-Si, whilst at lower potentials the SEI grows in thickness with an increased contribution from organic components containing -C(=O)O- species. The observed sequential formation of inorganic and organic components is implicated in layering of the SEI. With FEC as an additive we see the onset of SEI formation at much higher potentials (1.0 V vs. Li/Li+), and attribute the improved cycle life seen with this additive to the rapid healing of SEI defects formed during delithiation. Operando TEY-XAS offers new insights into the formation mechanisms of electrode-electrolyte interphases and their stability for a wide variety of electrode materials and electrolyte formulations. References Wu et al. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2015, 17, 30229. Weatherup et al. Top. Catal. 2018, 61, 2085. Swallow et al. Nature Commun. 2022, 13, 6070.
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Westhead, Olivia, Matthew Spry, Zonghao Shen, Alexander Bagger, Hossein Yadegari, Silvia Favero, Romain Tort, et al. "Solvation and Stability in Lithium-Mediated Nitrogen Reduction." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 49 (October 9, 2022): 1929. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02491929mtgabs.

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The lithium-mediated method of electrochemical nitrogen reduction, pioneered by Tsuneto et al1 then verified by Andersen et al2, is currently the sole paradigm capable of unequivocal electrochemical ammonia synthesis. Such a system could allow the production of green, distributed ammonia for use as fertiliser or a carbon-free fuel. However, despite great improvements in Faradaic efficiency and stability since just 20193, fundamental understanding of the mechanisms governing nitrogen reduction and other parasitic reactions is lacking. Lithium Ion Battery (LIB) research can provide insight; since both lithium-mediated electrochemical ammonia synthesis and LIBs utilise an organic solvent and lithium salt, both form a Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI), which is electronically insulating but ionically conducting, at the electrode surface. In LIBs, this is necessary to stabilize and cycle low potential materials4. In lithium-mediated ammonia synthesis, the SEI could also have a critical role in controlling the access of protons and other key reactants to the catalytically active sites and promoting greater selectivity toward nitrogen reduction to ammonia5. While some characterisation of the SEI has been carried out for the lithium-mediated nitrogen reduction system6, the literature still lacks holistic studies which aim to carefully characterise the bulk electrolyte and SEI components and link them to system performance. In this work we use insight from battery science to tackle a significant stability problem in lithium-mediated nitrogen reduction. The traditional electrolyte employed by Tsuneto et al. was 0.2 M LiClO4 in a 99:1 tetrahydrofuran to ethanol mix. While this system can produce ammonia, the working electrode potential becomes more negative over time. Our initial investigations show that this problem stems from an unstable SEI which becomes increasingly organic. Simply by raising the concentration of LiClO4 in the electrolyte, we vastly improve stability, as shown in figure 1(a), and boost Faradaic efficiency. Bulk electrolyte salt solvation properties are investigated through Raman spectroscopy, as shown in figure 1(b). Here we observe the emergence of a shoulder at around 930 cm-1 with increasing LiClO4 concentration, which we assign to the emergence of Contact-Ion-Pairs (CIPs) through comparison to Density Functional Theory calculations. These CIPs mean that perchlorate anion degradation products are more abundant in the formed SEI, as shown in our X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass spectrometry results. This more inorganic SEI protects the electrolyte against further degradation, preventing the working electrode drift to more negative potentials. We then link this behaviour to a peak observed in the Faradaic efficiency of ammonia synthesis at 0.6 M LiClO4 by also considering decreasing N2 solubility and diffusivity, as well as a more ionically conductive SEI, in an increasingly concentrated electrolyte. We also present never-before seen cross-sectional images of the SEI using cryogenic Focussed Ion Beam milling and Scanning Electron Microscopy, further aiding understanding of how salt solvation affects the morphology of the formed SEI and system performance. Our results emphasise the need to consider SEI properties in electrolyte design for lithium-mediated nitrogen reduction, as well as the need to balance desirable SEI properties with desirable bulk electrolyte properties. Tsuneto, A., Kudo, A. & Sakata, T. Efficient Electrochemical Reduction of N 2 to NH 3 Catalyzed by Lithium . Chemistry Letters vol. 22 851–854 (1993). Andersen, S. Z. et al. A rigorous electrochemical ammonia synthesis protocol with quantitative isotope measurements. Nature 570, 504–508 (2019). Westhead, O., Jervis, R. & Stephens, I. E. L. Is lithium the key for nitrogen electroreduction? Science. 372, 1149–1150 (2021). Peled, E. & Menkin, S. Review—SEI: Past, Present and Future. J. Electrochem. Soc. 164, A1703–A1719 (2017). Singh, A. R. et al. Electrochemical Ammonia Synthesis—The Selectivity Challenge. ACS Catal. 7, 706–709 (2017). Li, K. et al. Enhancement of lithium-mediated ammonia synthesis by addition of oxygen. Science. 1597, 1593–1597 (2021). Figure 1
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Alexandratos, Spiro D., and Stephanie D. Smith. "High Stability Solvent Impregnated Resins: Metal Ion Complexation as a Function of Time." Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange 22, no. 4 (December 31, 2004): 713–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/sei-120038701.

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Wang, Menghao. "In Situ Formation of Dense Polymers as Artificial Protective Layers for Lithium Metal Anodes." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2578, no. 1 (August 1, 2023): 012034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2578/1/012034.

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Abstract In order to improve the stability and safety of lithium (Li) metal anodes, an innovative artificial solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film of Li Poly (tert-butyl acrylate-co-ethyl acrylate-co-methacrylic acid) (LiPTBEM) has been designed. This thin and uniformly artificial SEI is stable, which can suppress the continuous side reactions between the electrolyte and Li metal, improve the stability of modified Li metal anodes, and achieve better electrochemical performance. Symmetric batteries with LiPTBEM exhibit significantly improved cycling stability, indicating that LiPTBEM is a promising artificial SEI film.
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Guo, Xuyun, Xiaoqiong DU, Valeria Nicolosi, Biao Zhang, and Ye Zhu. "Tailoring Breathing Behaviour of Solid Electrolyte Interphases (SEIs) Unraveled by Cryo-TEM." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 5 (December 22, 2023): 882. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-025882mtgabs.

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The cycling stability of batteries is closely related to the dynamic evolution of solid electrolyte interphases (SEIs) in response to the discharging/charging processes. Here we utilize the state-of-the-art cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) and spectroscopy to probe the SEI breathing behaviour induced by discharging/charging on the conversion-type anode made of Fe2O3 quasi-cubes. The incorporation of the identical-location strategy allows us to track the evolution of same SEIs at different charge states, which unequivocally unravels SEI breathing featured by swelling (contracting) upon lithiation (de-lithiation), and the associated compositional change. Bare Fe2O3 anode develops an unstable SEI layer due to the intermixing with the lithiation product Li2O, which exhibits a large thickness variation upon breathing as well as excessive growth, causing substantial capacity fading within 100 cycles. A transition from organic to inorganic-type SEI is also identified upon cycling, which gives rise to significantly increased SEI resistance. To tailor the SEI behaviour, we apply N-doped carbon coating on Fe2O3 (Fe2O3@CN), which can effectively separate the lithiation product from SEI. A thinner and chemically more stable SEI layer develops on Fe2O3@CN, resulting in remarkably enhanced cycling stability compared to bare Fe2O3. Our work demonstrates the importance of understanding and optimizing the dynamic behaviour of SEIs to achieve better battery performance.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Stabilité de la SEI"

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Akil, Mohammad. "Quelques problèmes de stabilisation directe et indirecte d’équations d’ondes par des contrôles de type fractionnaire frontière ou de type Kelvin-Voight localisé." Thesis, Limoges, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIMO0043/document.

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Cette thèse est consacrée à l’étude de la stabilisation directe et indirecte de différents systèmes d’équations d’ondes avec un contrôle frontière de type fractionnaire ou un contrôle local viscoélastique de type Kelvin-Voight. Nous considérons, d’abord, la stabilisation de l’équation d’ondes multidimensionnel avec un contrôle frontière fractionnaire au sens de Caputo. Sous des conditions géométriques optimales, nous établissons un taux de décroissance polynomial de l’énergie de système. Ensuite, nous nous intéressons à l’étude de la stabilisation d’un système de deux équations d’ondes couplées via les termes de vitesses, dont une seulement est amortie avec contrôle frontière de type fractionnaire au sens de Caputo. Nous montrons différents résultats de stabilités dans le cas 1-d et N-d. Finalement, nous étudions la stabilité d’un système de deux équations d’ondes couplées avec un seul amortissement viscoélastique localement distribué de type Kelvin-Voight
This thesis is devoted to study the stabilization of the system of waves equations with one boundary fractional damping acting on apart of the boundary of the domain and the stabilization of a system of waves equations with locally viscoelastic damping of Kelvin-Voight type. First, we study the stability of the multidimensional wave equation with boundary fractional damping acting on a part of the boundary of the domain. Second, we study the stability of the system of coupled onedimensional wave equation with one fractional damping acting on a part of the boundary of the domain. Next, we study the stability of the system of coupled multi-dimensional wave equation with one fractional damping acting on a part of the boundary of the domain. Finally, we study the stability of the multidimensional waves equations with locally viscoelastic damping of Kelvin-Voight is applied for one equation around the boundary of the domain
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Droguet, Léa. "Vers des électrolytes aqueux superconcentrés pour une application dans les batteries Li-ion." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS330.

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Depuis 2015, le développement des électrolytes aqueux superconcentrés, dénommés « Water-in-salt electrolytes » (WiSE), a suscité un regain d’intérêt pour les batteries Li-ion (LIB) aqueuses. Les WiSE proposent une alternative aux électrolytes organiques commerciaux qui posent des problèmes de sécurité et de durabilité, tout en résolvant les faibles performances des électrolytes aqueux dilués limitées par l’étroitesse de la fenêtre électrochimique (1 .23 V). En effet, la superconcentration influe sur les propriétés physico-chimiques et la réactivité interfaciale. La formation d’une interphase solide/électrolyte inorganique (SEI) riche en fluorure de lithium (LiF) ouvre la voie à l’utilisation d’électrode négative à bas potentiel et donc à l’augmentation de la densité d’énergie de ces batteries. Cette thèse étudie la viabilité des électrolytes WiSE dans les LIB. Grâce à la mise en place d’une étude systématique, l’impact de la superconcentration sur les performances des batteries en fonction des conditions d’opération montre que la SEI formée ne prévient pas de la réduction de l’eau, appelée réaction d’évolution de l’hydrogène (HER) ni pendant le cyclage ni pendant les périodes de repos, i.e. l’autodécharge. L’évaluation des vitesses de consommation de l’eau souligne les limites des propriétés protectrices de la SEI malgré la passivation de l’interface. Par ailleurs, la détermination des énergies d’activation de la HER directe, ayant lieu pendant le cyclage, et du phénomène d’autodécharge suggère que l’autodécharge est gouvernée par la HER. Enfin, l’évaluation de la solubilité de LiF dans les WiSE, des observations au microscope environnemental à balayage électronique et des mesures de chromatographie en phase gaz suggèrent que l’instabilité de la SEI est d’avantage reliée à des défauts microstructuraux qui ne peuvent pas être comblés dû à l’absence d’auto-passivation de l’interface. Une étape de pré-imprégnation dans un électrolyte organique réduit la consommation d’eau, confirmant la nécessité de propriétés d’autoréparation de la SEI
The development of superconcentrated aqueous electrolytes, namely Water-in-salt electrolytes (WiSE), from 2015 onwards has renewed the interest for aqueous-based Li-ion battery (LIB). Indeed, they were proposed to overcome issues related to safety and sustainability of common carbonate-based organic solvent while solving the poor performances of diluted aqueous electrolyte due to the narrow electrochemical stability window (ESW) of water (1.23 V). Such achievements are largely attributed to modification of the electrolyte structure upon increase in concentration that changes the physico-chemical properties and the interfacial reactivity. An inorganic LiF-based solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) was reported to be formed, opening the path for the use of low potential negative electrodes, further increasing the energy density of these batteries. This work aims to provide answers regarding the viability of WiSE in LIB. By conducting a systematic study of the impact of superconcentration on battery performances as function of the operating conditions, we demonstrate that the SEI is not able to prevent water reduction following the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), neither during cycling nor during resting period, i.e. self-discharge. Indeed, the rates for water consumption calculated during cycling and resting period are found within the same order of magnitude, highlighting the SEI limitation to prevent water reduction although the surface is passivated. Determining the activation energies for HER during cycling and self-discharge, we suggest that self-discharge is more likely driven by water reduction than Li+ deintercalation. Eventually, LiF solubility measurements, gas chromatography tests and environmental scanning electron microscopy suggest that SEI instability is related to structural defects that cannot be self-passivated in WiSE. A presoaking step in organic electrolyte of an artificial Li/LiF layer reduces water consumption and thus confirms the need for the SEI to self-repair
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Sans, Enrique. "Politique monétaire et stabilité macroéconomique au sein de l'Union Européenne." Paris 8, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA081282.

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La decision du g5, en 1979, contraint chaque pays a rechercher l'equilibre exterieur. Cela implique que chacun s'engage dans un processus de desinflation pour accroitre sa competitivite et restaurer la profitabilite des entreprises. Les gouvernements privilegient cette strategie en regard de l'aggravation simultanee des desequilibres de l'emploi et des prix dans les annees soixante-dix. Depuis, les gouvernements ont conduit des politiques restrictives pour juguler la hausse des prix et restaurer la competitivite. Si la desinflation est consequente les gains de competitivite accroissent les exportations et la contraction de la demande interne reduit les importations. Mecaniquement le solde des operations avec l'exterieur s'ameliore mais n'annihile pas l'impact depressif sur la production et l'emploi. De plus, l'efficacite de cette strategie se restreint considerablement dans une zone de change fixe et si tout le monde cherche les gains de competitivite a travers la deflation salariale. En outre, face a des chocs asymetriques la politique monetaire en europe est sous-optimale. Il en est pour preuve le dogmatisme avec lequel la politique economique a ete conduite au debut des annees quatre-vingt-dix ce qui a renforce la recession et induit une elevation du chomage en europe. La gestion de l'unification de l'allemagne et l'absence de coordination entre les politiques economiques ont conduit les hommes politiques a se resigner au chomage et prescrire un traitement social pour le reduire. Or, le niveau du chomage indique notamment que l'activite est inferieure a celle qui devrait etre. En definitive, l'objectif naturel de la politique economique est d'accroitre la production de richesse (le plein-emploi) en meme temps qu'elle doit veiller a une repartition equitable des revenus et non que la vertu financiere se fasse au detriment de la cohesion sociale
In 1979, the decision of the g5 mandated that each country worked toward a balance of foreign exchange. This implies that each is committed to a process of disinflation in order to improve the competitiveness and profitability of their firms. The governments adopt this strategy owing to the increasing disiquilibriums in both employment and prices that occurred during the seventies. Since then, the governments have led restrictive policies so as to curb inflation and restore competitiveness. If the disinflation is drastic, then gains of competitiveness noise exports and the shrinking of internal demand reduces imports. Mechanically, the balance of trade improves but does not put an end to the negative impact of output and employment. Moreover, the efficiency of this strategy restrains considerably within a fixed exchange rate zone, and all the more if everyone seeks gains of competitiveness through the fall of purchasing power. Additionally, when faced to asymmetrical shocks, the monetary policy in europe is far from being optimal. This is confirmed by the dogmatism that led the economic policy in the early mineties ; it reinforced the recession and induced a rise in unemployment in europe. The management of the unification of germany and the absence of coordination between economic policies led politicians to a resignation to unemployment and a proscription of social programs to reduce it. However, the level of unemployment indicates notably that economic activity is lower than what it should be. Eventually, the basic purpose of economic policies is to increase the production of wealth (i. E. Full employment) while monitoring a fair income share-out : finance must not threaten social cohesion
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Mejiamorelos, Jorge Humberto. "Trois types de changement technologique et la demande de stabilité exprimée par les cadres au sein des PME mexicaines." Jouy-en Josas, HEC, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHEC0006.

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Notre recherche comporte une genèse à la fois empirique et théorique. La genèse empirique est apparue lors d'une étude exploratoire menée au sein des filiales des Groupes Multinationaux au Mexique. Nos entretiens avec les cadres dirigeants participants ont mis en évidence une préoccupation majeure : l'existence d'une demande de stabilité lors de l'application d'un changement. Nous avons alors décidé d'explorer cet objet de recherche sur un autre terrain qui nous semblait fertile pour mener à bien notre projet. Nous avons choisi précisément les PME au Mexique. La genèse théorique de notre thèse se trouve dans une revue de littérature que nous avons faite sur les concepts de changement et de stabilité dans les organisations. Cette revue nous a permis de constater que la plupart des chercheurs qui étudient ces deux concepts de changement et de stabilité) les analysent séparément et distinctement. Il est à noter cependant que certains chercheurs ont essayé de faire le lien entre ces deux concepts mais sans étudier la modalité concrète de leur co-existence. Cette revue de littérature nous a amenés à nous concentrer tout particulièrement sur le changement technologique. Nous pouvons synthétiser notre problématique (empirique et théorique) dans la question suivante : y-a-t-il une demande de stabilité exprimée par les cadres lors de la mise en application d'un changement technologique au sein des PME au Mexique ? Pourquoi ? Pour apporter des éléments de réponse à cette question, nous avons divisé notre recherche en deux phases : une phase en étendue pour l'élaboration et la mise en place d'un questionnaire et une phase approfondie dont la préparation et la mise en place d'un ensemble d'entretiens destinés aux cadres moyens et aux cadres dirigeants des PME au Mexique. Les apports de notre thèse se situent à un niveau théorique et à un niveau empirique. Au niveau théorique, notre phase en étendue a fait ressortir trois dimensions de notre construit ‘demande de stabilité' exprimée par les cadres. Les composantes de ces trois dimensions trouvent des combinaisons différentes selon le type de changement technologique mis en place (nous avons analysé trois types de changement). Les résultats de notre recherche remettent donc en question la pertinence du postulat de l'unidimensionnalité des concepts de changement et de stabilité. Au niveau empirique, la phase approfondie montre que les cadres jouent un double rôle dans la mise en oeuvre d'un changement technologique : ils sont à la fois les garants de la stabilité et les agents du changement. Finalement, deux dynamiques de stabilisation émergent du discours des cadres
Our research has an empiric and theoretical origin; the empirical origin emerges from an exploratory study conducted in multinational organizations in Mexico. The interviews made to the managers participating in this study, make evident an interesting investigation concern: the existence of a stability demand to the application of organizational change. We therefore decided to explore this issue of investigation in another field which seams fertile to us in order to investigate it: We chose the small and medium size companies in Mexico. The theoretical origin of our dissertation is found in a revision of literature made regarding the concepts of change and stability in the organizations. This revision of literature allows us to affirm that the majority of research study changes and stability in separate manner, without studying its cohabitation. This revision of literature guides us to concentrate in the technological change. We can summarize this problem (empirical and theoretical) in the following question: Is there a demand for stability expressed by the managers when a technological change is applied? Why? To reply to these questions we divided our research into two phases. One in an extensive manner, in which we designed and applied a questioner, and another one more profound which implies the conduction of interviews directed to the middle managers and CEOs of small and medium size firms in Mexico. The results of our investigation are of a theoretical and empirical order. In the theoretical level, our questionnaires make evident three dimensions of our construct " stability demand " expressed by the managers. The components of this three dimensions are combined in different fashions according to the type of technological change implemented (we analyzed three) these results make us doubt the postulate of unidimensionality of the concepts of change and stability in organizations. In the empirical level our interviews make evident that during the conduction of a technological change, the managers play a double role: guarantor of stability and change agents. Finally, two stabilization dynamics emerge from the managers' discourse
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Colotte, Marthe. "Stabilité chimique et conformationnelle de l’ADN à l’état sec et à température ambiante." Bordeaux 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR21535.

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Chambrette, Pierre. "Stabilité des systèmes dynamiques avec frottement sec : Application au crissement des freins à disque." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ECDL0048.

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Les mécanismes simplifies tendant à expliciter l'apparition de vibrations auto-entretenues dans des systèmes mécaniques présentant du frottement sec unissent en général des concepts lies a la tribologie et a la mécanique des vibrations non linéaires. Les propriétés des oscillations de stick-slip sont étudiées dans le domaine fréquentiel et une procédure numérique est proposée afin d'analyser les régimes dynamiques stationnaires pour des structures à modes multiples. A partir de résultats expérimentaux mesures sur un banc, la participation d'instabilités de stick-slip dans le crissement est écartée. Une démarche théorique, conduit à éliminer la possibilité de modéliser les instabilités de crissement par un couplage des b. D. Normaux et tangentiels au contact, du uniquement a la loi de frottement. Une méthode de résolution par les modes complexes, utilisant une expansion de la réponse des différentes structures sur leur base modale met en évidence l'existence de régimes de modes couples instables. Afin de valider cette théorie, la réalisation d'un banc expérimental a permis de reproduire et d'enregistrer des instabilités de crissement. L'application de modèles simplifies, utilisant des paramètres issus de mesures d'analyse modale du disque et de l'étrier, rend compte assez correctement de certaines fréquences fondamentales d'instabilités observées. Les calculs par éléments finis des structures libres composant un frein permettent une estimation des couts numériques d'un recalage fréquentiel, nécessaire à l'élaboration d'un modèle prédictif de crissement à la conception.
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Berhaut, Christopher Logan. "Propriétés de transport des sels de lithium LiTDI et LiFSI : application à la formulation d'électrolytes optimisés pour batteries Li-ion." Thesis, Tours, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOUR4017/document.

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La plupart des batteries Li-ion aujourd’hui utilisent des électrolytes à base de LiPF6 un sel de lithium connu pour son instabilité chimique au-delà de 60°C car il se dégrade en libérant PF5 et LiF. En présence de traces d’eau il génère en plus des composés oxyfluorophosphorés et du HF qui peut être dommageable à la fois pour les performances et pour le vieillissement de l’accumulateur. Plusieurs sels sont candidats au remplacement de LiPF6, notamment ceux basés sur les anions fluorosulfonylamidures et les anions de Hückel. Ce travail concerne l’étude des propriétés physico-chimiques et de transport des électrolytes à base de 4,5-dicyano-2- (trifluoromethyl)imidazolide de lithium (LiTDI) et bis(fluorosulfonyl)amidure de lithium (LiFSI) pour une utilisation au sein d’accumulateurs de type Li-ion. Dans ce travail il a d’abord été montré que LiTDI n’est que faiblement dissocié dans les mélanges de carbonates d’alkyles utilisés dans les batteries Li-ion tels que le binaire (EC/DMC) ce qui limite sa conductivité. Pour pouvoir remédier à cet inconvénient, une étude des phénomènes de solvatation et d’associations ioniques a été menée et a conduit à proposer un mélange ternaire de solvants (EC/GBL/MP) dans lequel LiTDI est plus dissocié. Le mélange ternaire proposé améliore à la fois les propriétés de transport et les caractéristiques thermiques de l’électrolyte sans compromettre le domaine de stabilité chimique et électrochimique. Enfin, le nouvel électrolyte EC/GBL/MP contenant LiTDI, a été testé en accumulateurs dans les conditions opératoires usuelles (régime C/10 et température ambiante) et sévères (régime 10C et des températures allant de -20 °C à 60 °C). Le problème de corrosion de l’aluminium de LiFSI a aussi été pris en compte. Un électrolyte prometteur à base d’un mélange LiTDI/LiFSI montrant de meilleures performances que chaque sel utilisé séparément dans EC/DMC a été présenté. Les conclusions de cette thèse prouvent que LiTDI ou LiFSI peuvent être utilisés comme sels de lithium dans les électrolytes pour accumulateurs Li-ion
Most of the Li-ion batteries used in electrical devices contain a solution of LiPF6 in alkylcarbonate solvents with the risk of releasing PF5 at elevated temperatures and HF in the presence of water. Several salts are candidates for the replacement of LiPF6, including those based on fluorosulfonylamides and Hückel anions. This work concerns the study of physicochemical and transport properties of lithium 4,5-dicyano-2- (trifluoromethyl)imidazolide (LiTDI) and lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide (LiFSI) based electrolytes and their use in Li-ion battery. First it was revealed that LiTDI is only weakly dissociated in alkylcarbonate mixtures used in Li-ion batteries such as EC/DMC limiting its conductivity. To overcome this disadvantage, a study of the solvation phenomena and of ionic association within the electrolytes was conducted. This study led to a ternary mixture of solvents (EC/GBL/MP) in which LiTDI is more dissociated. This new solvent mixture improves both the transport properties and the thermal stability of the LiTDI based electrolyte without compromising its chemical and electrochemical stability. Finally, the new LiTDI in EC/GBL/MP electrolyte was tested in NMC/graphite batteries under normal (C/10 rate and room temperature) and severe (10C rate and temperatures varying from - 20 ° C to 60 °C) operating conditions. The aluminium corrosion problem encountered by LiFSI based electrolytes was taken into account and a LiTDI/LiFSI salt mixture based electrolyte showing promising results was presented. The findings of this thesis show that LiTDI or LiFSI can be used as lithium salts in electrolytes for Li-ion batteries
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Macabies, Romain. "Proprietes et stabilite de l’interface isolant-pentacene dans les transistors organiques a effet de champ." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EMSE0628/document.

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Le développement des transistors organiques, ces dernières années, a permis une nette amélioration de leurs performances et de leur stabilité. Ceci a été possible, notamment, grâce à une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes régissant le transport de charges dans ces dispositifs. Cependant, certains phénomènes restent encore à éclaircir, en particulier au niveau de l’interface entre le semi-conducteur et le diélectrique. Le piégeage des porteurs de charges qui est une des principales causes de perturbations du transport de charges dans les transistors organiques, en est un. Cette thèse se propose donc, d’étudier ce phénomène dans des transistors à base de pentacène.Les groupements polaires, et plus particulièrement les groupements hydroxyles, présents à l’interface entre l’isolant et le semi-conducteur, sont les principaux responsables du piégeage des porteurs de charges dans les transistors organiques. Afin de limiter leur présence, une technologie basée sur l’emploi d’une couche interfaciale diélectrique passivante, pauvre en groupements hydroxyles, à base de fluorure de calcium, a été mise en place. L’influence de cette couche sur le comportement de transistors à base de pentacène a été étudiée, de même que le vieillissement de ces dispositifs sous différentes conditions de stockage (sous vide et à l’air) et sous contrainte électrique.Ainsi, il a été mis en évidence qu’une couche de fluorure de calcium d’une épaisseur trop importante (de l’ordre de 5 nm) modifie la morphologie de la couche de pentacène, ce qui se traduit par une quasi-disparition du transport de charges dans le pentacène en configuration de transistor à effet de champ. Les études de vieillissement ont montré que sous l’effet de la couche interfaciale de CaF2, même d’une très fine épaisseur (de quelques nanomètres), une quantité plus importante d’humidité est présente dans la couche de pentacène, probablement à cause de la nature hygroscopique du fluorure de calcium
These recent years, Organic Field-Effect Transistor (OFET) development has significantly improved it performances and it stability. This was made possible, through a better understanding of the mechanisms governing charge transport in these devices. However, some phenomena remain unclear, in particular, at the interface between the semiconductor and the dielectric. Charge carrier trapping which is one of the main causes of charge transport disturbance in organic transistors, is one of them. So, this work aims to investigate such phenomena in pentacene-based transistors.Polar groups and particularly, hydroxyl groups, located at the insulator-semiconductor interface, are the main sources of charge carriers trapping in OFET. To prevent their presence, an OFET fabrication technology based on a passivating dielectric, poor of hydroxyl groups, calcium fluoride-based interfacial layer has been developed. Effect of this layer on pentacene-based transistors operation has been studied, as well as these devices aging under different storage atmosphere (in vacuum and in air) and under electrical stress.Thus, it has been highlighted that an interfacial layer of calcium fluoride with a too high thickness (around 5 nm) changes pentacene layer morphology which results in a quasi-disappearance of charge transport in pentacene in OFET configuration. Aging studies showed that under the effect of CaF2 interfacial layer, even with a very thin thickness (a few nanometers), a greater quantity of moisture is induced in pentacene layer probably due to the hygroscopic nature of calcium fluoride
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Devillers, Emmanuelle. "Incorporation de l'alpha-trifluorométhylalanine au sein de chaînes peptidiques : Conséquences sur l'hydrophobie, les interactions peptides-protéines et la stabilité protéolytique." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CERG0708/document.

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Dans le but de déterminer l'influence du groupement trifluorométhyle sur les propriétés physico-chimiques et biologiques de peptides fluorés, nous avons désiré synthétiser des peptides incorporant un aminoacide α-trifluorométhylé.Chaque énantiomère de l'α-Tfm-Alanine a été synthétisé de manière énantiomériquement pure et à grande échelle selon une voie synthétique efficace. Le groupement trifluorométhyle placé en position α désactivant fortement sa fonction amine, son couplage a nécessité des conditions d'activation puissantes à l'aide des anhydrides mixtes.La variation de l'hydrophobie de peptides fluorés par une méthode analytique basée sur la mesure d'indices dérivés des temps de rétention par RP-HPLC a permis de mettre en évidence l'influence considérable du groupement trifluorométhyle sur l'augmentation de l'hydrophobie.Les interactions peptides fluorés/peptides ont été étudiées dans le cadre de l'inhibition de l'agrégation du peptide Aβ42 responsable du dépôt de plaques amyloïdes chez les patients atteints de la maladie d'Alzheimer. Les premiers résultats montrent un ralentissement de l'agrégation de Aβ42 par un peptide fluoré.La digestion enzymatique par la pepsine d'un tétrapeptide fluoré indique un ralentissement considérable de sa vitesse d'hydrolyse par rapport au peptide incorporant un résidu Alanine. L'utilisation de la méthode de détection sensible par RMN 19F appelée 3-FABS a permis de mettre en évidence la reconnaissance et le clivage d'un peptide fluoré par la trypsine, caractéristiques d'un bon substrat
In order to determine the impact of the trifluoromethyl group on the physico-chemical and biological properties of fluorinated peptides, we have decided to synthesize peptides incorporating α-trifluoromethyl amino-acids.Each enantiomer of α-Tfm-Alanine was prepared in an enantiopure form and in a large scale. The trifluoromethyle group placed in the α position deactivates its amine function so that its coupling needs harsh activation conditions to be achieved with mixed anhydride.The determination of the hydrophobicity of fluorinated peptides with an analytical method based on the measurement of indexes derived from retention times by RP-HPLC showed the dramatic influence of the trifluorométhyl group on the increase of the hydrophobicity.Fluorinated peptides/peptides interactions were studied for the inhibition of the aggregation of Aβ42 in patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease. The first results indicate a reduction of Aβ42 aggregation by a fluorinated peptide.Pepsine digestion of a fluorinated tetrapeptide showed a dramatic reduction of the rate of its cleavage in comparision with the peptide incorporating an alanine residu. The use of the sensitive 3-FABS 19F NMR detection method showed the recognition and the cleavage of a fluorinated peptide by trypsin which definites it as a substrate for trypsin
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Germain, Bédard Maryline. "Attachement, qualité et stabilité conjugale au sein d'une population clinique victime d'abus sexuel en enfance." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/31243.

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Cette étude se penche sur les difficultés relationnelles vécues par les patientes référées au Centre de traitement le Faubourg Saint-Jean (CTFSJ) à la suite de leur passage à l’urgence dans un contexte de crise. La recherche porte plus précisément sur les associations entre les expériences d’abus sexuels en enfance (ASE) et les représentations d’attachement, la satisfaction conjugale ainsi que l’instabilité conjugale à l’âge adulte. L’échantillon d’intérêt se compose de 81 femmes recrutées au CTFSJ. Des comparaisons sont effectuées avec un échantillon de comparaison de 202 patientes recrutées au Service de consultation de l’École de psychologie de l’Université Laval ainsi qu’avec un échantillon de convenance de 1467 femmes recrutées au sein de la population générale et universitaire. La prévalence de l’ASE mesurée au sein de l’échantillon du CTFSJ s’élève à plus d’une personne sur deux, ce taux étant plus de deux fois supérieur à ce qui est retrouvé dans l’échantillon de convenance. Les résultats confirment la sévérité de la symptomatologie des participantes du CTFSJ, où près de la totalité de l’échantillon fait notamment état d’un attachement insécurisant. Aucune différence n’est retrouvée entre les participantes abusées sexuellement et celles n’ayant pas subi ce type d’abus en ce qui a trait aux deux dimensions de l’attachement, de la satisfaction et de l’instabilité conjugale, ni en fonction de la sévérité de l’ASE. Ces résultats devraient être répliqués au sein d’un échantillon plus large de patientes du CTFSJ et en incluant des mesures permettant d’investiguer la présence de multiples traumas développementaux.
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Books on the topic "Stabilité de la SEI"

1

Nguessan, Emile Kouamé. Harmonie sexuelle, gage de stabilité du couple. Abidjan: Cabinet Kouamé Nguessan Emile, 2007.

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Robbie, Olivero, Onody Judy, Williams Peter, and Chan Pottery, eds. La stabilité. Toronto: GTK Press, 1999.

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Svāim̐, Bijaẏa. Sei sabu dina sei sei mana. Kaṭaka: Oḍiśā Buk Shṭora, 2001.

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Hwang, Mi-ri. Sei sei sei: Say say say. Sŏul: Samyang Ch'ulp'ansa, 2007.

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Muller, Uwe. Sei sportlich: Sei fair. Schorndorf: Hofmann, 1987.

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Huq, Anowara Syed. Sei prem sei samay. Dhaka: Anyaprokash, 2004.

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Setouchi, Jakuchō. Waga sei to sei. Tōkyō: Shinchōsha, 1990.

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Sei rāta sei sakāla. Kalakātā: Samīra Kumāra Mitra, 2001.

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Sei dina, sei kāla. Āgaratalā: Tripurā Darpaṇa, 2007.

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Ahmad, Forkan. Sei din sei rat. Dhaka: Sahityamala, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Stabilité de la SEI"

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Anakira, Nidal, Amel Hioual, Adel Ouannas, Taki-Eddine Oussaeif, and Iqbal M. Batiha. "Global Asymptotic Stability for Discrete-Time SEI Reaction-Diffusion Model." In Mathematics and Computation, 345–57. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0447-1_30.

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Caltagirone, Jean-Paul. "Stabilité, chaos." In Physique des Écoulements Continus, 161–81. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39510-9_8.

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Widi-Tessler, Sabine. "Sei stark, sei perfekt!" In Burnout, 247–83. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-07703-7_12.

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Arabatzis, Stavros. "‚Sei vernetzt! Partizipiere! Sei in Relation!‘." In Medienpharmakologie, 9–35. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-33446-8_2.

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Königsberg, Matthew. "Sei Shōnagon." In Kindlers Literatur Lexikon (KLL), 1. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05728-0_21191-1.

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Flückiger, Christian. "Sei frech!" In Organisationsentwicklung konkret, 41–61. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-01532-9_3.

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Dekeyser, Bobby. "Sei unverkäuflich." In Der beste Rat, den ich je bekam, 82–85. München: Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/9783446447660.029.

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Massera, J. L. "Théorie de la stabilité." In Equazioni differenziali non lineari, 1–66. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10886-0_1.

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Jedrzejewski, Franck. "Schémas numériques et stabilité." In Modèles aléatoires et physique probabiliste, 307–16. Paris: Springer Paris, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-2-287-99308-4_14.

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Gräfe, Ursula. "Tayama Katai: Sei." In Kindlers Literatur Lexikon (KLL), 1–2. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05728-0_21243-1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Stabilité de la SEI"

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Joseph, G. Arul, and S. Balamuralitharan. "Global stability analysis of human SEIV-mosquitoes SEI model for malaria transmission." In 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATHEMATICAL TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS: ICMTA2020. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0025240.

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ARISTAGHES, Pierre. "Stabilité des digues verticales." In Journées Nationales Génie Côtier - Génie Civil. Editions Paralia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5150/jngcgc.2022.100.

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Xu, Wentao, Jiangong Zhu, Jie Zhang, Yiqun Jin, Xiuwu Wang, Xuezhe Wei, and Haifeng Dai. "Revealing the Impact of Mechanical Pressure on Lithium-Ion Pouch Cell Formation and the Evolution of Pressure During the Formation Process." In WCX SAE World Congress Experience. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2024-01-2192.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The formation is a crucial step in the production process of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), during which the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is formed on the surface of the anode particles to passivate the electrode. It determines the performance of the battery, including its capacity and lifetime. A meticulously designed formation protocol is essential to regulate and optimize the stability of the SEI, ultimately achieving the optimal performance of the battery. Current research on formation protocols in lithium-ion batteries primarily focuses on temperature, current, and voltage windows. However, there has been limited investigation into the influence of different initial pressures on the formation process, and the evolution of cell pressure during formation remains unclear. In this study, a pressure-assisted formation device for lithium-ion pouch cells is developed, equipped with pressure sensors. This device allows for precise adjustment of the initial pressure during cell formation and enables the recording of pressure evolution. Employing the initial pressure as a variable, five groups of pouch cells are subjected to distinct initial pressure settings for individual formation processes. Simultaneously, the pressure evolution signals during formation are meticulously recorded. The results reveal that applying an appropriate initial pressure (0.05/0.1 MPa) during the formation resulted in a capacity enhancement of over 2% for the pouch cells, accompanied by significantly improved consistency. Conversely, both inadequate and excessive pressure adversely affect the capacity of the battery. The effectiveness of the formation is analyzed using rate capability testing, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) testing, battery disassembling, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Additionally, the pressure evolution during formation is scrutinized to track the growth of the SEI from a unique perspective.</div></div>
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Danjo, Makoto, and Hiroko Uchiyama. "SEI." In the 2008 International Conference in Advances. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1501750.1501855.

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Aroca, S. "La muqueuse péri-implantaire : nécessité esthétique ou fonctionnelle ? Intérêt de l’augmentation de tissus mous peri-implantaires." In 66ème Congrès de la SFCO. Les Ulis, France: EDP Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/sfco/20206601015.

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L’anneau de tissu mou formé autour du col de l’implant est appelé muqueuse péri-implantaire. Un des rôles de cette attache tissulaire est de créer un joint biologique protecteur autour de l’implant afin de prévenir des maladies inflammatoires (mucosite, peri-implantite) qui pourraient compromettre lostéointegration. Ce rôle protecteur est une évidence clinique malgré les controverses existantes dans la littérature en relation avec la nécessité de la présence ou absence des tissus kératinisés autour des implants. Mais quelle épaisseur tissulaire est capable d’assurer une stabilité du joint biologique péri-implantaire ? Le tissu conjonctif joue-t-il un rôle prépondérant ? La stabilité du joint biologique, est-elle liée à l’épaisseur des tissus, à la stabilité des tissus osseux ou bien aux deux ? Par ailleurs, labsence de muqueuse kératinisée, un phenotype fin, aussi une insuffisance de volume, tant des situations cliniques qui risquent de favoriser linstabilité des tissus péri-implantaires. Les conséquences cliniques (outre le risque de maladie inflammatoire) sont multiples : 1 Mobilité et ou décollement de la muqueuse péri-implantaire 2 Récession de la muqueuse péri-implantaire 3Restauration implanto-portée inesthétique par rapport aux dents adjacentes Cet exposé a pour but de répondre à toutes ces questions et aussi de détailler les solutions qui sont nécessaires pour assurer ou rétablir une stabilité de la muqueuse péri-implantaire.
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Hecquet, C., F. Delmotte, M. Rouillay, A. Rinchet, F. Varnière, E. Melchakov, and M. F. Ravet-Krill. "Stabilité thermique des performances spectrales de miroirs EUV." In UVX 2008 - 9e Colloque sur les Sources Cohérentes et Incohérentes UV, VUV et X : Applications et Développements Récents. Les Ulis, France: EDP Sciences, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/uvx/2009030.

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Lequime, Michel, Jean-Jacques Guerin, and Pierrick Leblay. "Contrôle optique de la stabilité dimensionnelle de structures." In International Conference on Space Optics 1997, edited by Georges Otrio. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2326486.

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Rezzoug, A., A. Alexis, and M. Kismi. "Influence de la marée sur la stabilité des pentes." In Journées Nationales Génie Côtier - Génie Civil. Presses Universitaires de Perpignan, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.5150/jngcgc.1994.039-r.

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DAUES, KATHERINE. "SEI lander requirements." In Space Programs and Technologies Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-1479.

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Kellner, M. J. "Software process modeling at SEI." In 1988 Conference on Software Maintenance. IEEE, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsm.1988.10143.

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Reports on the topic "Stabilité de la SEI"

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von Balthasar, Hans Urs. sei yohane kyoudoutai. Saint John Publications, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56154/q6.

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Johnson, Albert. SEI Software Engineering Education Directory. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada178178.

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Shell, Peter. World Modeler SEI Library Builder. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada189474.

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Rowny, Edward L. SDI: Enhancing Security and Stability. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada351518.

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Bass, Len, Dionisio de Niz, Jorgen Hansson, John Hudak, Peter H. Feiler, Don Firesmith, Mark Klein, et al. Results of SEI Independent Research and Development Projects. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada487573.

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de Niz, Dio, Sherman Eagles, Peter H. Feiler, John Goodenough, Joergen Hanason, Paul Jones, Rick Kazman, Mark Klein, Insup Lee, and Gabriel Moreno. Results of SEI Independent Research and Development Projects. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada491814.

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Ardis, Mark, and Gary Ford. 1989 SEI Report on Graduate Software Engineering Education. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada533781.

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Ford, Gary. 1990 SEI Report on Undergraduate Software Engineering Education. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada533782.

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Bass, Len, Paul Clements, Dionisio de Niz, Peter Feiler, Matthew Geiger, Jeffrey Hansen, Jorgen Hansson, Scott Hissam, James Ivers, and Mark Klein. Results of SEI Independent Research and Development Projects. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada515874.

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Bass, Len, Nanette Brown, Gene Cahill, William Casey, Sagar Chaki, Cory Cohen, David de Niz, Gurfinkel Dionisio, Kazman Arie, and Rick. Results of SEI Line-Funded Exploratory New Starts Projects. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada609932.

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