Journal articles on the topic 'Stabilising additives'
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Schmidt, Wolfram, Henricus Jozef Hubertus Brouwers, Hans Carsten Kuehne, and Birgit Meng. "Influence of Environmental Temperatures on the Performance of Polymeric Stabilising Agent in Fresh Cementitious Materials." Key Engineering Materials 466 (January 2011): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.466.97.
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Stabilising admixtures are commonly used additives in repair mortars and grouts. Beyond this, such type of admixture is increasingly used in concrete and other cementitious materials. In particular when fresh mortar or concrete properties have to be adjusted reliably, stabilising agents can be beneficially used to improve workability and robustness of the mixture. The mode of operation of these admixtures varies, rather affecting either the liquid phase or the solid particles in the dispersion, both causing strong interactions with the mortar or concrete system, and significant changes in their rheological behaviour. Furthermore, these are strongly affected by the environmental temperature during the casting process. In the paper the effect of temperature on the performance of stabilising agents in cementitious systems is presented and how performance changes affect fresh and hardening mortar or concrete properties. Particular attention is placed on interactions between stabilising agents and superplasticizers. Results are discussed with special focus on self-compacting concrete.
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Karpenko, Alisa V., and Denis V. Karpenko. "Economic Effect of Implementing Rubberised Asphalt." Materials Science Forum 931 (September 2018): 649–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.931.649.
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Article covers the questions of economic effectivity and efficiency of implementing rut-resistant rubberised asphalt. Economic data for all road-construction climatic zones in Russia is included into the investigation. Comparison of the two alternatives: pavement with the use of crumb rubber (RBV) and pavement with a known stabilising agent (SMA) is made. Calculation is based on the additives market price and on 0,8% mineral composition weight dosage. Calculation of the presents costs is made for the different road climatic zones with effective pavement thickness of 6 cm.
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O.A, Fadele,, and Ata, O.J. "Stabilising Potential of Sawdust Lignin based Extracts in Compressed Lateritic Bricks." Civil Engineering Dimension 20, no. 1 (April 7, 2018): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.9744/ced.20.1.16-20.
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Lignocellulosic materials are abundant in nature, rich in some functional groups, considered less harmful to human health and the environment.The resulting waste may be recycled for other beneficial uses. Lignin is known to be a natural binder in lignocellulosic materials and several studies have confirmed it has binding ability with soil particles. This paper studied its stabilising potential in compressed lateritic bricks, especially its effects on density and compressive strength properties of the bricks. Lignin additives extracted from sawdust were used to stabilise laterite, while the bricks were moulded with the UNIFE ram, a type of the CINVA ram. The laterite was stabilised at 4%, 8% and 12%, while cement stabilised samples and 0% (unstabilised laterite) samples prepared accordingly were used as controls. The results showed that the LBAs contributed to the strength gained by the bricks at 3, 7, 14 and 28 days air curing, while the bricks samples were categorised as high density.
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STANIK, Winicjusz, and Jerzy CISEK. "The influence of cetane-detergent additives into diesel fuel increased to 10% (V/V) of RME content on energy parameters and exhaust gas composition of a diesel engine." Combustion Engines 179, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 204–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2019-434.
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To avoid the negative effects of increasing the amount of RME in the diesel fuel (to 10%), three different additive packages were used: stabilising, cleaning, and increasing the cetane number with different concentrations. The tests were carried out using a 4-cylinder, turbocharged 1.9 TDI engine from VW. The tests were carried out for 4 fuels (comparative fuel with a content of 7% RME and 3 test fuels with a content of 10% RME, differing in the content of the additive package.It was found that each of the 3 additive packages used does not have a significant impact on fuel consumption. However, a different effect of the tested additives on the composition of exhaust gases was observed. The first package had a slight effect on reducing the NOx concentration in the exhaust, but only for small engine loads. On the other hand, the second additive pack worked more effectively only at higher engine loads (in relation to the reduction of NOx concentration in the exhaust gases). In the third packet, the amount of the cetane additive was doubled (compared to the second packet). Then, the reduction in the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas by 3–8% was obtained with reference to the comparative fuel.
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Rawlings, Andrea E. "Membrane protein engineering to the rescue." Biochemical Society Transactions 46, no. 6 (October 31, 2018): 1541–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20180140.
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The inherent hydrophobicity of membrane proteins is a major barrier to membrane protein research and understanding. Their low stability and solubility in aqueous environments coupled with poor expression levels make them a challenging area of research. For many years, the only way of working with membrane proteins was to optimise the environment to suit the protein, through the use of different detergents, solubilising additives, and other adaptations. However, with innovative protein engineering methodologies, the membrane proteins themselves are now being adapted to suit the environment. This mini-review looks at the types of adaptations which are applied to membrane proteins from a variety of different fields, including water solubilising fusion tags, thermostabilising mutation screening, scaffold proteins, stabilising protein chimeras, and isolating water-soluble domains.
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Guo, Yan Ling, Shi Gang Long, and Rainer Telle. "Effect of Dopants on the Corrosion Behaviour of Zirconia by Steel at High Temperature." Key Engineering Materials 280-283 (February 2007): 999–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.280-283.999.
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Zirconia based material is one of the most interesting materials for semi-solid processing of steel because of its good mechanical properties and high corrosion resistance at high temperatures. In many cases, degradation of zirconia refractories or advanced ceramics is due to unexpected tetragonal-tomonoclinic^transformation accompanied by volume expansion. But only little attention was paid to outdiffusion of stabilising additives. In present paper, zirconia based ceramics with different rare-earth oxides (Y2O3 and CeO2) are used in contact with HS6-5-2 steel at 1330°C in order to obtain a good understanding about the corrosion behaviour of high-strength zirconia tool material, especially the effect of yttria and ceria on the corrosion behaviour of zirconia. The results showed that both Y2O3 and CeO2 diffused out of the zirconia structure and formed new compounds with alloying elements of steel at the zirconia grain boundaries. Both lack of stabiliser and grain growth result in t-m transformation and cracks were formed in zirconia ceramic.
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SRINIVASAN, MARUWADA, and N. MANOJ KUMAR. "A LABORATORY STUDY OF BITUMINOUS MIXES USING A NATURAL FIBRE." YMER Digital 21, no. 04 (April 29, 2022): 567–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.37896/ymer21.04/57.
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Generally, a hydrocarbon mixture could be a mixture of coarse combination, fine combination, filler and binder. A Hot combine Asphalt could be a hydrocarbon mixture wherever all constituents ar mixed, placed and compacted at warm temperature. HMA is Dense ranked mixes (DGM) called Bituminous Concrete (BC) or gap ranked called Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA). SMA requires stabilising additives composed of polysaccharide fibbers, mineral fibres or polymers to prevent drain down of the combination. within the gift study, an effort has been created to review the consequences of use of a naturally and domestically out there fibre known as SISAL fibre is employed as stabilizer in SMA associated as an additive in BC. For preparation of the mixes combination gradation has been taken as per MORTH specification, binder content has been varied often from fourdimensional to seven-membered and fibre content varied from 1/3 to most zero.5% of total combine. As a district of preliminary study, ash has been found to result satisfactory Marshall Properties and therefore has been used for mixes in subsequent works. victimization Marshall Procedure Optimum Fibre Content (OFC) for each B.C. and SMA mixes was found to be zero.3%. equally Optimum Binder Content (OBC) for B.C. and SMA were found to be five-hitter and five.2% severally. Then the B.C. and SMA mixes ready at OBC and OFC ar subjected to totally different performance checks like Drain down test, Static Indirect strength check and Static Creep check to judge the consequences of fibre addition on combine performance. it's ended that addition of sisal fibre improve the combination properties like Marshall Stability, Drain down characteristics and indirect strength just in case of each BC and SMA mixes. Ii is ascertained that SMA is healthier than B.C. in respect of indirect tensile strength and creep characteristics.
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del Prado, Agustin, Pablo Manzano, and Guillermo Pardo. "The role of the European small ruminant dairy sector in stabilising global temperatures: lessons from GWP* warming-equivalent emission metrics." Journal of Dairy Research 88, no. 1 (February 2021): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029921000157.
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AbstractRecent calls advocate that a huge reduction in the consumption of animal products (including dairy) is essential to mitigate climate change and stabilise global warming below the 1.5 and 2°C targets. The Paris Agreement states that to stabilise temperatures we must reach a balance between anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases (GHG) in the second half of this century. Consequently, many countries have adopted overall GHG reduction targets (e.g. EU, at least 40% by 2030 compared to 1990). However, using conventional metric-equivalent emissions (CO2-e GWP100) as the basis to account for emissions does not result in capturing the effect on atmospheric warming of changing emission rates from short-lived GHG (e.g. methane: CH4), which are the main source of GHG emissions by small ruminants. This shortcoming could be solved by using warming-equivalent emissions (CO2-we, GWP*), which can accurately link annual GHG emission rates to its warming effect in the atmosphere. In our study, using this GWP* methodology and different modelling approaches, we first examined the historical (1990–2018) contribution of European dairy small ruminant systems to additional atmosphere warming levels and then studied different emission target scenarios for 2100. These scenarios allow us to envision the necessary reduction of GHG emissions from Europe's dairy small ruminants to achieve a stable impact on global temperatures, i.e. to be climatically neutral. Our analysis showed that, using this type of approach, the whole European sheep and goat dairy sector seems not to have contributed to additional warming in the period 1990–2018. Considering each subsector separately, increases in dairy goat production has led to some level of additional warming into the atmosphere, but these have been compensated by larger emission reductions in the dairy sheep sector. The estimations of warming for future scenarios suggest that to achieve climate neutrality, understood as not adding additional warming to the atmosphere, modest GHG reductions of sheep and goat GHG would be required (e.g. via feed additives). This reduction would be even lower if potential soil organic carbon (SOC) from associated pastures is considered.
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Chan Min, Dat Le, Vadim B. Balabanov, and Maksim Yu Protsenko. "Use of hydrolytic lignin as a stabilising additive for crushed stone-mastic asphalt concrete." Journal «Izvestiya vuzov. Investitsiyi. Stroyitelstvo. Nedvizhimost» 9, no. 2 (2019): 334–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/2227-2917-2019-2-334-341.
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The experience of using hydrolytic lignin in Russian and foreign literature allows it to be considered as a stabilising additive in the production of stone-mastic asphalt concrete mix. For thispurpose, it is necessary to conduct laboratory tests of raw materials and asphalt concrete mixtures with different percentages of hydrolytic lignin. Also, on the basis of the obtained results, to draw a conclusion about the use of waste from the hydrolysis industry for the building of the top layers of stone-mastic asphalt concrete coatings at the construction sites, reconstructions, major repairs and highways. Crushed stone-mastic asphalt concrete is an artificial road-building material, consisting of a mixture of mineral materials (crushed stone, sand from crushing siftings and mineral powder), oil road bitumen, used as a binding and stabilising additive for re-sistance to delamination and uniformity of crushed stone-asphalt concrete. Hydrolytic lignin is a polymer that makes up the walls of plant cells. The use of hydrolytic lignin as a stabilising additive for crushed stone-mastic asphalt concrete mixture allows to stabilise this mixture, to increase the adhesion of bitumen to the surface of the mineral material and to improve the physical and mechanical properties of crushed-stone-asphalt concrete. Based on the data obtained, the composition of crushed stone-mastic asphalt con-crete was developed using a stabilising additive from hydrolytic lignin. The use of hydrolytic lignin as a sta-bilising additive will improve the performance properties of crushed stone-mastic asphalt concrete, as well as reduce the cost of construction, reconstruction and overhaul of highways.
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Bosso, Antonella, Silvia Motta, Loretta Panero, Maurizio Petrozziello, Andriani Asproudi, Ricardo Lopez, and Massimo Guaita. "Use of polyaspartates for the tartaric stabilisation of white and red wines and side effects on wine characteristics." OENO One 54, no. 1 (January 28, 2020): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2020.54.1.2527.
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Aim: The stabilising efficacy against tartaric precipitations of polyaspartates-based products (PAs), in particular potassium polyaspartate (KPA), was tested with six different wines (three white and three red). Some side effects on wine characteristics (white wine colour stability, wine turbidity and filterability) were also studied.Results and conclusions: All PAs showed good stabilising efficacy against tartaric precipitations according to the cold test. With the same test, the PAs were stable in wine for 1 year of storage, which was the total duration of the study. The dose of 100 mg/L was sufficient to stabilise the tested wines. No differences in filterability were observed in comparison with MTA (metatartaric acid). The hypothesised protective effect against colour browning in white wines was not observed.Significance and impact of the study: The international wine trade requires stable wines. This paper provides information to support wineries in managing the use of KPA, as little information is available to date in the literature on this stabilising additive.
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Alayaki, FM, A. Al-Tabbaa, and MJ Ayotamuno. "STABILISATION OF NIGER DELTA FAT CLAY WITH BLEND OF BINDERS FOR SUBGRADE APPLICATION - PART 1." Nigerian Journal of Technology 36, no. 3 (June 30, 2017): 740–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v36i3.12.
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Construction of roads on fine-grained soils without any form of stabilisation is a major problem all over the world. In this study, a fat clay having poor subgrade rating (A-7-6) was mixed with blends of sand, drill cuttings ash (DCA), lateralite, and Portland Cement (PC) to improve its plasticity, California Bearing Ratio (CBR), and swell. The sand effected better particle grading of the clay and addition of PC increased its strength. Blends of DCA-PC and lateralite-PC effected friability, improved workability, and also increased the strength of the soil. Blends ratio: sand-PC (4:1); DCA-PC (1:1); and lateralite-PC (2:1) gave the best stabilising effect on the fat clay. The improvements noted were: plasticity index < 30, soaked CBRvalues > 20% after 24 hours and >10% after 96 hours, low swell (0.002 – 0.008%). Thus, this study revealed that the fat clay could be optimised for subgrade application using these stabilising additives. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v36i3.12
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López-Fanjul, C. "The action of evolutionary forces on metric traits." Advances in Animal Biosciences 1, no. 3 (January 6, 2011): 532–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2040470010005418.
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Fisher's theorem of natural selection implies that the population genetic variance of quasi-neutral traits should be mostly additive. In the case of fitness component traits, however, that variance would be characterised by a substantial contribution from non-additive loci. In parallel, Robertson's theorem states that selection will change the population mean of a trait proportionally to the magnitude of the genetic correlation between that trait and fitness, which should be weak for quasi-neutral traits or strong for the mean fitness components. Drosophila data from inbreeding and artificial selection experiments are discussed within that theoretical framework. In addition, the process of regeneration by mutation of the genetic variance of a quasi-neutral trait (abdominal bristle number) in a Drosophila population initially homozygous at all loci has been analysed. After 485 generations of mutation accumulation, the levels of additive variance found in this population closely approached those commonly observed in laboratory populations. Furthermore, these values, together with previously reported estimates for natural populations, could be jointly explained by a model assuming weak causal stabilising selection.
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Sivapriya, Vijayasimhan, James Jijo, Karunanithi Yuvaraj, and Gunipati Sushritha. "Durability performance of a lime stabilized expansive soil with egg shell ash as a subsidiary admixture." Gradjevinski materijali i konstrukcije 65, no. 2 (2022): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/grmk2202065v.
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Stabilization is broadly classified as mechanical and chemical stabilization. Lime stabilization is the most commonly adopted method for stabilising expansive soils. In recent years, lime has been combined with other waste materials for improved performance in stabilization. One such waste is egg shell waste, generated by the poultry industry. Calcination of egg shell waste results in the formation of egg shell ash (ESA) which has a chemical composition very similar to that of quick lime. This investigation focuses on the potential of ESA as an auxiliary additive for lime in the stabilization of expansive soils. The initial consumption of lime of the expansive soil was determined using the Eades and Grim pH test. The lime content in the stabilization process was modified with ESA up to 0.5% in increments of 0.1%. Unconfined compression strength test samples of dimensions 38 mm x 76 mm were cast and cured for a period of 21 days and tested for their strength. The durability of the samples was also evaluated by subjecting the samples to 1, 4, 7, and 10 cycles of wetting and drying. The results of the investigation revealed that 0.2% ESA was the optimal dosage of additive to lime stabilization for improved performance.
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Medyński, D., A. Janus, and J. Chęcmanowski. "Effect of Annealing on Nature of Corrosion Damages of Medium-nickel Austenitic Cast Iron." Archives of Foundry Engineering 17, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/afe-2017-0096.
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Abstract Within the presented research, effect of annealing on nature of corrosion damages of medium-nickel austenitic nodular cast iron castings, containing 5.5% to 10.3% Ni, was determined. Concentration of nickel, lower than in the Ni-Resist cast iron, was compensated with additions of other austenite-stabilising elements (manganese and copper). In consequence, raw castings with austenitic matrix structure and gravimetrically measured corrosion resistance increasing along with nickel equivalent value EquNi were obtained. Annealing of raw castings, aimed at obtaining nearly equilibrium structures, led to partial austenite-to-martensite transformation in the alloys with EquNi value of ca. 16%. However, corrosion resistance of the annealed alloys did not decrease in comparison to raw castings. Annealing of castings with EquNi value above 18% did not cause any structural changes, but resulted in higher corrosion resistance demonstrated by smaller depth of corrosion pits.
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Kazragis, Algimantas, Glntaras Marčiukaitis, and Gediminas Jurkėnas. "A NEW RETARDING AGENT OF BUILDING GYPSUM HARDENING/NAUJAS STATYBINIO GIPSO KIETĖJIMO LĖTIKLIS." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 2, no. 7 (September 30, 1996): 30–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13921525.1996.10531652.
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In order to inhibit the process of setting and hardening of building gypsum, retarding agents are used. They: decrease the solubility of gypsum semihydrate (e.g. ammonia) form compounds of lower solubility on the surface of gypsum grains (sodium and potassium phosphates, tetraborate, boric acid) are absorbed on gypsum grain surface and inhibit the formation of crystal nuclei (sulphite alcohol ferment, keratin). The materials mentioned above have some disadvantages: long duration of preparation (lying, boiling, filtering) and uncertainty of formulae (glue solutions) layering of gypsum additions mixtures and decrease of mechanical resistance of hardened gypsum (phosphates, borates) process complications caused by necessity of water heating that leads to uncertain influence of additions when the conditions for maintaining constant temperature of the mixture are absent (hot running water). New retarding agent, inhibiting the hardening of building gypsum without disadvantages listed above is created. The effect of the retarding agent is caused by the formation of clathrate compounds. The retarding agent consists of carbamide and inorganic stabilising addition, in ratio 40:1. The duration of the complete hardening of building gypsum can be prolonged by the retarding agent up to 90 min.
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Ibáñez, A., S. Ferrándiz, and A. Martínez. "The effect of different epoxidised vegetable oils on injection-moulded starch based thermoplastic polymer filled with almond shell powder." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1193, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1193/1/012015.
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Abstract This article is focused on the development and characterization of biodegradable and eco-friendly biocomposites, based on starch thermoplastic polymer (TPS) filled with 20 wt% almond shell powder (ASP). Three epoxidised vegetable oils (EVOs) were added at 5, 10 and 20 parts per hundred resin (phr) of TPS/ASP biocomposite, as additive, to study the effect in the properties of injected biodegradable parts: epoxidised soybean oil (ESBO), epoxidised linseed oil (ELO) and epoxidised corn oil (ECO). The biocomposites are prepared in a twin-screw extruder and characterized in terms of their mechanical (tensile and Charpy impact tests) and thermal properties (differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)). In addition, disintegration tests were evaluated. Results showed the addition of EVOs successfully reduced the stiffness and brittleness produced by the incorporation of almond shell, whereas thermal stability increased. The addition of EVOs had a stabilising effect on the disintegration of the biocomposites. The most optimal performance was attained for biocomposites with ELO or ESBO between 10-20 phr.
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Allen, Norman S., Jitendra L. Kotecha, Alan Parkinson, Frank F. Loffelman, Michael M. Rauhut, and Peter V. Susi. "Photo-stabilising action of a p-hydroxybenzoate light stabiliser in polyolefins: Part III—Antioxidant behaviour and additive/pigment interactions in high density polyethylene." Polymer Degradation and Stability 10, no. 1 (January 1985): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-3910(85)90016-3.
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Kachan, Alexandr, and Anatoliy Evtushenkov. "Thermostable mutant variants of Bacillus sp. 406 α-amylase generated by site-directed mutagenesis." Open Life Sciences 8, no. 4 (April 1, 2013): 346–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11535-013-0142-0.
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AbstractSeveral mutations are known to increase the thermostability of α-amylase of B. licheniformis and other α-amylases. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to introduce similar mutations into the sequence of the α-amylase gene from mesophilic Bacillus sp. 406. The influence of the mutations on thermostability of the enzyme was studied. It was shown that the Gly211Val and Asn192Phe substitutions increased the half-inactivation temperature (Tm) of the enzyme from 51.94±0.45 to 55.51±0.59 and 58.84±0.68°C respectively, in comparison to the wild-type enzyme. The deletion of Arg178-Gly179 (dRG) resulted in an increase of Tm of the α-amylase to 71.7±1.73°C. The stabilising effect of mutations was additive. When combined they increase the Tm of the wild-type amylase by more than 26°C. Thermostability rates of the triple mutant are close to the values which are typical for industrial heat-stable α-amylases, and its ability to degrade starch at 75°C was considerably increased. The present research confirmed that the Gly211Val, Asn192Phe and dRG mutations could play a significant role in thermostabilization of both mesophilic and thermophilic α-amylases.
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Garbiak, Małgorzata, and Bogdan Piekarski. "Phases in Austenitic Cast Steel." Defect and Diffusion Forum 326-328 (April 2012): 215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.326-328.215.
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The paper presents the characteristics of intermetallic phases occurring in heat-resistant cast austenitic 0.3% C-30% Ni-18% Cr steel with additions of niobium and titanium. Five alloys were examined, in which the content of the examined elements was (wt.%) Nb 0.03, 0.55, 1.57 and 1.92, and Ti 0.03, 0.05, 0.30, 0.83 and 1.00. The phase composition of alloys in as-cast state and after annealing (temperature of 800°C and 900°C, time of up to 300 hrs) was examined by X-ray diffraction technique. Depending on the chemical composition of cast steel, carbides of MC type (NbC, TiC, (Nb,Ti)C), M23C6, titanium carbonitrides TiCN and G phase were identified in its microstructure. The phase morphology was examined on the polished sections and surfaces of metallographic specimens after deep etching by electrolytic extraction method. It was found that M23C6carbides assume the shape of rods, NbC carbides crystallise in the form of lamellae, and titanium carbonitrides TiCN in the form of cubes. An addition of both the stabilising elements favours the formation of double carbides (Nb,Ti)C of octahedral habit.
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Holmes, Niall. "Structural Properties of Concrete Materials Containing RoadCem." Journal of Construction Engineering 2015 (June 16, 2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/795080.
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This paper presents findings from a preliminary study to assess the structural and material properties of a nonstandard, concrete type mix containing RoadCem, a traditional soil stabilising additive. Two different mixes determined the effect of adding RoadCem in terms of compressive and flexural strengths, breaking strain, thermal expansion and contraction behaviour, permeability using a falling head, and Young’s modulus. RoadCem is a fine powder containing alkali metals and synthetic zeolites which are complemented with a complex activator. RoadCem modifies the dynamics and chemistry of cement hydration by enhancing the crystallisation process and forming longer needle crystalline structures. It reduces the heat of hydration with an early strength development. Varying the volume in the mix varies the viscosity and alters curing times while maintaining the water cement ratio. The results from this study have shown a modest increase in compressive strength and Young’s modulus with improvements in thermal performance, particularly at low temperatures. The flexural strength of the two mixes was similar with a much reduced permeability in the RoadCem mix. The results demonstrate the improved performance of concrete incorporating RoadCem but further improvements are possible by using a better graded aggregate and controlling the maximum dry density and moisture contents.
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Ptitchkina, Nataliya M., Larisa V. Novokreschonova, Galina V. Piskunova, and Edwin R. Morris. "Large enhancements in loaf volume and organoleptic acceptability of wheat bread by small additions of pumpkin powder: possible role of acetylated pectin in stabilising gas-cell structure." Food Hydrocolloids 12, no. 3 (July 1998): 333–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0268-005x(98)00024-1.
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Nikman, Shahin, Abdulhakim Oudjana, Thomas Leckie, Pasidu Pallawela, and Edward Brightman. "Hybrid Lithium Polysulfide Flow Batteries for Large Scale Energy Storage." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 2 (October 9, 2022): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-022139mtgabs.
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Lithium-sulfur battery chemistry has garnered global attention as a promising next-generation energy storage technology due to its significantly higher theoretical capacity (450 Wh/kg) compared to lithium-ion (265 Wh/kg), and the fact that its elemental components are green, safe and abundant[1]. As opposed to lithium-ion, the cathode solution chemistry is rich, as elemental sulfur forms polysulfide chains during discharge which can transport and deposit on the metallic lithium anode during a dissolution-migration-deposition “shuttle” mechanism which in effect a) cause a constant internal shorting current proportional to the transport of polysulfides and b) cause a build-up of lithium- and sulfur-rich solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the anode which irreversibly passivates the lithium metal anode. This effect must be supressed at all costs in conventional lithium-sulfur batteries, and is achieved by encouraging rapid precipitation of Li2S salts by the use of low-donor number solvents for the electrolyte such as diglyme (DME) and dioxolane (DOL). However, polysulfide chains (Li2Sx, 3 ≤ x ≤ 8) have great potential as redox couples due to their stable, successive multistep redox behaviour and have been successfully demonstrated in hybrid redox-flow battery configurations[2], in particular enabled by lithium nitrate as an additive to the catholyte that forms a stable SEI on the lithium metal surface that greatly reduces the polysulfide deposition. The lithium-polysulfide redox flow battery in theory far outstrips current state of the art vanadium redox flow batteries due to the higher capacity density in the catholyte (50-150 Wh/L vs 30 Wh/L), and the energy dense lithium metal[2]. However, the solubility of polysulfides decrease with chain length and depth of discharge, and high polarity, high donor number solvents that can enable high polysulfide concentrations[3] are typically far more reactive towards lithium metal[4]. Moreover lithium nitrate have little effect as anode protectant in this class of solvents compared to low donor number, low polarity solvents such as DME and DOL, and the polysulfide reduction pathway is dependent on the stabilising property of the solvent[5]. In collaboration with our commercial partner StorTera under the Faraday Institute, we have developed novel techniques for catholyte analysis. We show the role of nitrate consumption rate on protection of the anode, and the relative corrosive rate of lithium in a high polarity, high donor number class solvent (DMSO) versus conventional low polarity, low donor number class solvent (DOL/DME). Further we explore avenues to protect metallic lithium in highly concentrated polysulfide catholyte that enables large-scale energy storage that surpasses lithium-ion and vanadium redox flow batteries for cost, safety, serviceability and environmental impact. Such factors will be key for commercial deployment, in particular suitable for developing countries where microgrids for remote communities rely on intermittent renewable power supply. Zhang, G., Zhang, Z. W., Peng, H. J., Huang, J. Q. & Zhang, Q. A Toolbox for Lithium–Sulfur Battery Research: Methods and Protocols. Small Methods 1, 1–32 (2017). Yang, Y., Zheng, G. & Cui, Y. A membrane-free lithium/polysulfide semi-liquid battery for large-scale energy storage. Energy Environ. Sci. 6, 1552–1558 (2013). Pan, H. et al. On the Way Toward Understanding Solution Chemistry of Lithium Polysulfides for High Energy Li-S Redox Flow Batteries. Adv. Energy Mater. 5, (2015). Gupta, A., Bhargav, A. & Manthiram, A. Highly Solvating Electrolytes for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries. Adv. Energy Mater. 9, 1–9 (2019). Lu, Y. C., He, Q. & Gasteiger, H. A. Probing the lithium-sulfur redox reactions: A rotating-ring disk electrode study. J. Phys. Chem. C 118, 5733–5741 (2014).
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"Stabilising Additives for High Nickel Content Sodium-Ion Cathode Inks." ECS Meeting Abstracts, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2019-04/10/0460.
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Tsykhanovska, I., A. Alexandrov, and T. Lazarieva. "FUNCTIONAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF THE FOOD ADDITIVE MAGNETOFOOD IN THE PRODUCTION OF MARSHMALLOWS." Food Science and Technology 14, no. 3 (September 28, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.15673/fst.v14i3.1800.
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Production of whipped confectionery (marshmallows, pressed fruit paste, sweets with light-textured centres) is a complex process difficult to control. To expand and modernise their production, it is necessary to find simpler technologies, both resource- and energy- saving, to increase the stability of the heterogeneous dispersed system, and to improve the quality of finished products. In this respect, applying food additives of the nanometer range in technology looks very promising due to their unique physicochemical parameters and their many functional and technological properties. In the paper, it is suggested to solve the problem of stabilising the polyphase structure of whipped confectionery products and to form their quality by using the food additive Magnetofood based on ferrous and ferric oxides (FeO×Fe2O3). Magnetofood is ultrafine powder with a particle size of
~80 nm. It has a high functional and technological potential: large specific surface and a set of useful properties (the additive is surface- active, with complex-forming, sorption, and stabilising properties). This allows us to recommend Magnetofood as an additive with a complex action to improve the quality and extend the shelf life of sugar confections like fruit paste and fruit jelly products, in particular, white and pink marshmallows. It has been found that addition of Magnetofood in the form of an aqueous suspension at the stage of swelling and dissolution of the gelling agent improves the shape and consistency, reduces the density of the foam structure by 1.12–1.15 times, reduces the amount of gelling agent by 10–12% for agar and by 7–9% for pectin, increases the mechanical strength of marshmallows by 11.5–12.6% for agar and by 8.2-9.1% for pectin. Besides, the foaming ability of egg white increases by 1.14-1.4 times (with constant foam stability (99±1)% due to the stabilising effect of Magnetofood nanoparticles), and the thixotropic property of the gel structure becomes 1.4–1.5 times as much
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Muhammad, Umar Aliyu, Debabratta Bhattacharyya, Jose Louis Endrino, and Sonia Fereres. "Preparation of binary nanofluid with heat transfer additives by particle surface functionalisation." Emergent Materials, August 6, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42247-021-00260-z.
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AbstractCurrent binary nanofluid synthesis methods with heat transfer additives lack an understanding of the chemistry of the nanoparticle-additive-base fluid interaction, which plays a significant role in the adsorption of the surfactant on the nanoparticle surface. Consequently, this leads to the formation of aggregates within the nanofluid after a couple of days, affecting the stability of the colloidal suspension. Here, a lithium bromide-alumina salt-based nanofluid is proposed following a newly developed synthesis method including particle surface functionalisation. The new procedure developed allows the initial preparation of the nanoparticles with the surfactant as the first step (surface functionalisation) and then the preparation of the base fluid with a dispersion stabilising agent (Gum Arabic) separately. This is then followed by the dispersion of the prepared alumina nanoparticles into the base fluid, by stirring and ultrasonication to produce the final nanofluid, lithium bromide-water (LiBr-H2O)-alumina nanofluid. Until now, proper procedures have not been reported for the nanofluid synthesis combining surfactant and dispersant and the chemistry of nanoparticles-surfactant-base fluid interaction, which was thoroughly investigated in the new approach. The fluid prepared by both the conventional and new procedures was characterised and analysed simultaneously. A thermal conductivity enhancement of 3% was achieved by using the surface functionalisation method, with greater particle concentration distribution (number of particles in suspension) of 22.7% over the conventional procedure. It also achieved a 5% decrease in dynamic viscosity. On the other hand, a Mouromtseff number value between 0.7 and 1.8 was obtained for the fluid at 293 K and 373 K temperature range, indicating a strong heat transfer capability. It was apparent from the particle size and concentration distribution analysis conducted that this procedure produced a more stable nanofluid with a high distribution of nanoparticles within the fluid. This allows high improvement of thermal properties of the fluid. Graphical abstract Graphical abstract of a new procedure for nanofluid synthesis with heat transfer additives using the two-step method
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"AN Experimental Research on the Effect of Biopolymers and Nano Materials on Cohesive Soil." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 9, no. 1 (October 30, 2019): 7328–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.a2234.109119.
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Cohesive soils are extensively distributed worldwide and are a source of great damage to infrastructure and buildings. In order to minimize the undesirable properties and make them suitable for construction purposes, many new approaches are now being developed to improve the strength of cohesive soils. In addition to traditional methods, availability of new materials have promoted the field of soil improvement. Addition of biopolymers and nano materials are the recently developed innovative ideas in the field of soil stabilisation. Microbial induced polymers or biopolymers are introduced in soil stabilisation with the aim of less environmental pollution. Nano technology in geotechnical engineering can be seen in two ways such as, the structure of the soil is seen at nano scale and the manipulation of soil is done at atomic and molecular scale. This study deals with the feasibility of stabilising cohesive soil with biopolymers and nano materials and to analyse the change in geotechnical properties. Guar gum powder and nano magnesium powder is added to soil at varying percentage (0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75% and 1%) and tests were carried out to determine the optimum percentage and strength characteristics of additives.
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Maddrell, Ewan R. "Effect of Conjoint Additions of Rare Earth Element Oxides on the Phase Stability of Zirconia." MRS Proceedings 412 (1995). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-412-353.
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AbstractThe ability of the cubic phase of zirconia to accommodate in solid solution the oxides of rare earth elements with differing cationic radii has been investigated. Mixed oxide phase assemblages were prepared by hydrolysing zirconium butoxide with solutions of rare earth element nitrates followed by drying, calcining and sintering. The resulting products were characterised by X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The cubic zirconia phase can accept into solid solution the larger, non-cubic stabilising, rare earth element ions such as lanthanum in the presence of the cubic stabilising oxides of yttrium and samarium. As the proportion of the larger rare earth element ions is increased the formation of pyrochlore type compounds is favoured.
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N. Manikyala Rao and B.P.R.V.S Priyatham. "STABILIZATION OF SUBGRADE SOIL USING CALCIUM LIGNOSULFONATE AND GRANITE DUST- A REVIEW." EPRA International Journal of Research & Development (IJRD), September 11, 2021, 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.36713/epra8430.
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India is a geographically diverse country with varied soil types in different places. As a result, stabilising techniques are employed to enhance those regions with low bearing capacity. Soil strength is improved using both mechanical and chemical stabilising techniques. In the mechanical approach, mechanical energy is employed (rollers, plate compactors, tempers, etc., depending on the choice or type of the soil) to enhance soil characteristics by compaction. Chemical Soil Stabilization is a chemical approach that involves blending and combining chemical additions to improve the soil’s engineering qualities. Chemical substances such as calcium lignosulfonate, granite dust, cement, and fly ash were added in. Although calcium lignosulfonate may stabilise a wide variety of soil types, it works best in soft soils and clay soils with moderate to medium flexibility. Granite dust is primarily used in clay soils with a lot of flexibility. KEY WORDS: Calcium lignosulfonate, Granite dust, soil, stabilization, subgrade
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Nisha C, Rakesh K. "Engineering of A Lipase towards Thermostability: Studies on Additive Effect of the two Thermo-Stabilising Mutations at Protein Surface." Advancements in Genetic Engineering 04, no. 02 (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2169-0111.1000126.
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Paul, M., Y. Alshammari, F. Yang, and L. Bolzoni. "New ternary powder metallurgy Ti alloys via eutectoid and isomorphous beta stabilisers additions." Scientific Reports 13, no. 1 (January 20, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-28010-7.
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AbstractA group of new ternary Ti alloys bearing eutectoid and isomorphous beta stabilising elements was created to be manufactured through the conventional powder metallurgy route. The effect of the simultaneous addition of the same amount of Mn and Nb on the manufacturability, properties, and hardening behaviour was investigated. The ternary alloys are composed of the α-Ti and β-Ti phases and have a lamellar microstructure resulting from the slow cooling upon sintering. However, the size of the equiaxed α grains and of the α + β lamellae is monotonically reduced, especially the interlamellar spacing, as the amount of alloying elements increases. Due to their physical properties, Mn enhances and Nb hinders densification during sintering resulting in a decreasing trend of the relative density with the alloying elements content. Consequently, the resistance to plastic deformation increases (UTS, 514–726 MPa), the ductility decreases (elongation, 13.2–2.6%), and the fracture mode changes from intergranular to transgranular. The new ternary alloys share the same hardening mechanism, but the amount of deformation after necking is, generally, higher for lower amounts of Mn and Nb.