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Academic literature on the topic 'Stabilised Earth Products'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Stabilised Earth Products"

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Latha, M. S., and Byrasandra Venkataramanappa Venkatarama Reddy. "Swell–shrink properties of stabilised earth products." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Construction Materials 170, no. 1 (February 2017): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jcoma.15.00031.

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Preethi, R. K., and B. V. Venkatarama Reddy. "Experimental investigations on geopolymer stabilised compressed earth products." Construction and Building Materials 257 (October 2020): 119563. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.119563.

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Narayanaswamy, Abhilash Holur, Peter Walker, B. V. Venkatarama Reddy, Andrew Heath, and Daniel Maskell. "Mechanical and thermal properties, and comparative life-cycle impacts, of stabilised earth building products." Construction and Building Materials 243 (May 2020): 118096. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118096.

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Meek, Alexandra H., Mohamed Elchalakani, Christopher T. S. Beckett, and Timothy Grant. "Alternative stabilised rammed earth materials incorporating recycled waste and industrial by-products: Life cycle assessment." Construction and Building Materials 267 (January 2021): 120997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120997.

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Meek, Alexandra H., Christopher T. S. Beckett, and Mohamed Elchalakani. "Alternative stabilised rammed earth materials incorporating recycled waste and industrial by-products: Durability with and without water repellent." Construction and Building Materials 265 (December 2020): 120629. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120629.

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Meek, Alexandra H., Mohamed Elchalakani, Christopher T. S. Beckett, and Minhao Dong. "Alternative stabilised rammed earth materials incorporating recycled waste and industrial by-products: A study of mechanical properties, flexure and bond strength." Construction and Building Materials 277 (March 2021): 122303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.122303.

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Santos de Oliveira, Leandro, Normando Perazzo Barbosa, Fabiana Silva Santos, and Carlos Maviael de Carvalho. "Stabilization of Raw Earth through Alkaline Activation." Key Engineering Materials 600 (March 2014): 215–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.600.215.

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Stabilization is important in earthen construction in order to improve mechanical strength, volumetric stability, workability and even ductility. Currently, the products used to stabilize the earth are lime, Portland cement and bitumen emulsions. Due to the environmental problems that the mankind faces nowadays, the use of earthen construction is increasing. Adobe is the most traditional type of block used in masonry. To improve strength against water, a new way to stabilize this kind of unburned earth block is proposed by the alkaline activation of earth. This paper presents the first results about the experimentation made in the stabilization of soil with alkali activator. Two cure temperatures were tested: room temperature and oven at 50°C. The amounts of stabilizer used were 3% and 6% activator by mass of earth. Results show that it is possible for adobe blocks to be resistant to water action using the alkaline activation.
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Guo, Yu, Yu Lin Zhang, Qian Lin Chen, and Cheng Bing Fu. "Preparation and Research of the Multifunctional Heat Stabilizer with Rare Earth Used in PVC Products." Advanced Materials Research 652-654 (January 2013): 470–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.652-654.470.

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In this paper, a new heat stabilizer was prepared, which has shown not only excellence thermal stability, but also shown obvious oxidation resistance and anti-aging properties. This multifunctional heat stabilizer was prepared by organic acid, rare earth and thiourea. The lauric acid as best stuff was chosen from some normal fatty acid and lanthanum nitrate as most potent rare earth was picked up too. Using these raw materials, the best heat stabilizer was synthesized under this conditions of synthesizing at 80°C, reacting 40min, adding 1.0mol/L sodium-hydroxide for keeping PH at 8 and making certain the amount of raw material(lauric acid : thiourea : lanthanum nitrate) at the proportion as 4∶1∶1. The thermal stability was examined by the change time of Congo red, and the result proved this heat stabilizer having good thermal stability for up this time to 40min. When this rare earth stabilizer was joined into PVC, the PVC can keep its color not changing during 48h under ultraviolet radiation, and the tensile strength and elongation at break of the PVC added rare stabilizer changed more little under ultraviolet radiation compared with the traditional heat stabilizer system. So this rare earth heat stabilizer acting as a good heat stabilizer, anti-oxidant and anti-aging agent is a new multifunctional heat stabilizer.
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Malkanthi, S. N. "An Innovative Approach to Produce Soil-Based Building Products." Bolgoda Plains 01, no. 01 (October 2021): 58–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/bprm.2021.17.

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Soil has been used as a building material in different forms, such as mud, adobe, rammed earth, and bricks. Compressed Stabilized Earth Block (CSEB), a form of soil blocks with different additives including cement, fly ash, and lime, is a sustainable building material with many advantages compared to other conventional building materials. The usual practice of past researchers in producing CSEB was to add different materials like sand to the soil to control its clay and silt (finer) content. A high level of finer content is not desirable when it comes to the strength and durability of CSEB. This study proposes to reduce/ extract the finer content in the soil by washing it using a conventional concrete mixing machine.
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McGuire, Jake, Bradley Wilson, James McAllister, Haralampos N. Miras, Claire Wilson, Stephen Sproules, and Joy H. Farnaby. "Molecular and electronic structure of the dithiooxalato radical ligand stabilised by rare earth coordination." Dalton Transactions 48, no. 17 (2019): 5491–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9dt00688e.

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Book chapters on the topic "Stabilised Earth Products"

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dos Santos, Claudinei, Kurt Strecker, M. J. R. Barboza, Sandro Aparecido Baldacim, F. Piorino Neto, Olivério Moreira Macedo Silva, and Cosme Roberto Moreira Silva. "Creep Behavior of Multi-Cation α-SiAlON Partially Stabilized Produced with an Yttrium-Rare Earth Oxide Mixture(CRE2O3)." In Advanced Powder Technology IV, 575–80. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-984-9.575.

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Wintsch, R. P., and P. Resor. "A peralkaline solution, hydrofracturing model for quartzofeldspathic veins and pegmatites." In In the Footsteps of Warren B. Hamilton: New Ideas in Earth Science. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2021.2553(32).

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ABSTRACT We present a tectonic model for the generation of quartzofeldspathic veins and pegmatite dikes found in southern New England that proposes the following: (1) Hydraulic fracturing produces the initial fracture that opens to become a vein, and (2) oscillating differential stress produces a gradient in interstitial fluid pressure that draws the melt to the dilating walls of the fracture. Oscillating fluid pressures at the dike walls lead to oscillating rates of crystallization, and thus to alternating aplitic and pegmatitic textures in dikes as thin as a few centimeters. Excess alkalis and SiO2(aq) lower the solidus temperature of the granitic liquid and thus stabilize a peralkaline silicate liquid without crystallization. This silicate liquid is capable of crystallizing only quartz, only feldspars, or both. Crystallization of this liquid lowers its pH and accounts for the mineralogical zoning consisting of quartz cores, feldspathic mantles, and muscovite-bearing margins common in many quartzofeldspathic veins.
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Potti, Ravi, and Swapnil Saurav. "Logistics for Global Automobile Manufacturing Industry." In Innovative Solutions for Implementing Global Supply Chains in Emerging Markets, 129–40. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9795-9.ch008.

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The automotive industry is truly a global industry. Manufacturing plant of the company is set up in one corner of the earth, sourcing the automobile parts from many companies located all over the globes, and selling the final product in another country. This leads to complex supply chain. Production strategies like just-in-time (JIT) and just-in-sequence (JIS) creates testing times but presents opportunities for the logistics management. But currently, the industry is going through a rough phase. Manufacturing costs are increasing, rise in fuel prices is having its own affect on the industry, competitive landscape is changing, and globalization presents new political and economic challenges. Currently, the company needs to manage its supply chains efficiently, reduce cost and improve the accuracy of processes delivery. Today, the automobile industry is facing significant other challenges due to complex logistics. Logistics is about co-coordinating various activities like materials handling, storage, inventory management, freight transport and the related information flow and processing in a way that meets customer requirements at minimum cost. This paper will talk about the current challenges, opportunities, growth drivers and future strategies of the companies' logistics management. It will also cover how companies are adapting to the changing economic environment. The study is based on the qualitative analysis of secondary data. The challenges and opportunities for the companies exist from the current operations management and risks of globalization. Authors have looked at the challenges and opportunities in detail in this chapter. Improving the organization's performance and securing competitive advantage over others greatly depends on the supply chain management as it is seen that the competition is no longer between the organizations, rather they are amongst supply chains. From the research, it has been found that companies believe that for sustainable transportation and logistics, green supply chain is a must for long term sustainability of the company. Companies finds export compliance to the emerging markets as another major challenge. Transport and warehouse systems are, more or less, stabilized and companies are looking to get most out of them. Though there is connectivity between automobile companies and its suppliers but information is not available real time and hence it's difficult to collaborate. Visibility into logistics has come out as the biggest need for the companies.
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Potti, Ravi, and Swapnil Saurav. "Logistics for Global Automobile Manufacturing Industry." In Supply Chain and Logistics Management, 1299–310. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-0945-6.ch062.

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The automotive industry is truly a global industry. Manufacturing plant of the company is set up in one corner of the earth, sourcing the automobile parts from many companies located all over the globes, and selling the final product in another country. This leads to complex supply chain. Production strategies like just-in-time (JIT) and just-in-sequence (JIS) creates testing times but presents opportunities for the logistics management. But currently, the industry is going through a rough phase. Manufacturing costs are increasing, rise in fuel prices is having its own affect on the industry, competitive landscape is changing, and globalization presents new political and economic challenges. Currently, the company needs to manage its supply chains efficiently, reduce cost and improve the accuracy of processes delivery. Today, the automobile industry is facing significant other challenges due to complex logistics. Logistics is about co-coordinating various activities like materials handling, storage, inventory management, freight transport and the related information flow and processing in a way that meets customer requirements at minimum cost. This paper will talk about the current challenges, opportunities, growth drivers and future strategies of the companies' logistics management. It will also cover how companies are adapting to the changing economic environment. The study is based on the qualitative analysis of secondary data. The challenges and opportunities for the companies exist from the current operations management and risks of globalization. Authors have looked at the challenges and opportunities in detail in this chapter. Improving the organization's performance and securing competitive advantage over others greatly depends on the supply chain management as it is seen that the competition is no longer between the organizations, rather they are amongst supply chains. From the research, it has been found that companies believe that for sustainable transportation and logistics, green supply chain is a must for long term sustainability of the company. Companies finds export compliance to the emerging markets as another major challenge. Transport and warehouse systems are, more or less, stabilized and companies are looking to get most out of them. Though there is connectivity between automobile companies and its suppliers but information is not available real time and hence it's difficult to collaborate. Visibility into logistics has come out as the biggest need for the companies.
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Mykhailova, Evgeniia. "ANALYSIS OF THE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS PROBLEM AND THE METHODS OF THEIR DISPOSAL." In The scientific paradigm in the context of technological development and social change. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-297-5-21.

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Global climate change is the most important environmental current problem. Its reason is the increase of greenhouse gas concentration in the atmosphere as a result of human activity. The climate change problem affects many aspects of the environment and society's existence, therefore, the development of tools and methods for reducing greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere is an actual task today. The purpose of the paper is a comprehensive analysis of the greenhouse gas emissions problem state in Ukraine and the world, and to determine the main ways to solve this problem. The scientific and research paper tasks are: to provide a general greenhouse gas characteristic, determine the main consequences of climate change for Ukraine, analyze Ukraine's international steps to solve the problem of global climate change, establish the structure of greenhouse gas emissions in Ukraine, analyze existing and propose optimal chemical and technological methods for greenhouse gases neutralizing. The methodology of the study is based on a monographic type of research using general research methods of analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction and historical detailing. The results. The article provides a general greenhouse gas characteristic, the main sources of their emissions and their consequences for humans and the environment. The steps taken by the world society and Ukraine, in particular, to solve the global climate change problem are analyzed. The problem is solved by concluding international agreements to stabilize the greenhouse gas concentration in the atmosphere at a level that does not have a dangerous anthropogenic impact on the climate of Earth. It was determined that the main sources of greenhouse gas emissions in Ukraine are the enterprises of the fuel and energy complex, and enterprises of the processing and mining industry. An analysis of chemical-technological cleaning methods for greenhouse gas is presented. Practical implications. The analytical review makes it possible to choose the optimal method of greenhouse gas neutralizing in industrial emissions. The method chosen will depend on the required degree of cleaning, composition and volume of gas, properties of reagents and auxiliary materials used possibilities of disposal of cleaning process products and technical and economic indicators of the chosen method. Value/originality. The conducted research allows for a comprehensive solution to the greenhouse gas emissions problem, understanding its causes, consequences, and social and chemical-technological solutions.
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Conference papers on the topic "Stabilised Earth Products"

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Losini, Alessia Emanuela, Liudmila Lavrik, Marco Caruso, Monika Woloszyn, Anne Cecile Grillet, Giovanni Dotelli, and Paola Gallo Stampino. "Mechanical Properties of Rammed Earth Stabilized with Local Waste and Recycled Materials." In 4th International Conference on Bio-Based Building Materials. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/cta.1.113.

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Traditional techniques of construction using natural and locally available materials are nowadays raising the interest of architects and engineers. Clayey soil is widely present in all continents and regions, and where available it is obtained directly from the excavation of foundations, avoiding transportation costs and emissions due to the production of the binder. Moreover, raw earth is recyclable and reusable after the demolition, thanks to the absence of the firing process. The rammed earth technique is based on earth compressed into vertical formworks layer by layer to create a wall. This material owes its strength to the compaction effort and due to its manufacture procedure exhibits layers resembling the geological strata and possessing high architectural value. The hygroscopic properties of rammed earth allow natural control of the indoor humidity, keeping it in the optimal range for human health. Stabilization with lime or cement is the most common procedure to enhance the mechanical and weather resistance at once. This practice compromises the recyclability of the earth and reduces the hygroscopic properties of the material. The use of different natural stabilizers, fibers, and natural polymers by-products of the agriculture and food industry, can offer an alternative that fits the circular economy requirements. The present study analyses the mechanical strength of an Italian earth stabilized with different local waste and recycled materials that do not impair the final recyclability of the rammed earth.
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Lage, Gabriela Tavares de Lanna, White José dos Santos, and Sofia Araújo Lima Bessa. "Use of iron mining tailings in rammed earth: a literature survey." In ENSUS2023 - XI Encontro de Sustentabilidade em Projeto. Grupo de Pesquisa Virtuhab/UFSC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.29183/2596-237x.ensus2023.v11.n4.p308-320.

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The Minas Gerais region is recognized as one of Brazil's largest iron ore extraction areas, the world's second-largest producer. During mineral extraction, tons of tailings are generated and stored in dams. In parallel, a challenge in the Civil Engineering and Architecture sector is presenting construction solutions with a lower environmental impact. Among these, rammed earth is a construction technique with great sustainable potential due to the possibility of lower embodied energy than conventional techniques. Because of this possibility of interaction, this paper proposes to analyze the potential use of iron ore tailings (IOT) as a physical stabilizer, acting as a granulometric corrector of rammed earth. No investigations were found regarding using RMF in rammed earth in civil construction. It was found that it is possible that the use of IOT may be viable for soil size correction in rammed earth or as a substitute for base material. This is due to the physical, chemical, and mineralogical characteristics of RMF being suitable for this technique, especially when sand, fine sand, or silt percentages are required.
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Brinthan, K., S. Shivadhahini, UAG Senadheera, and WAM Fernando. "Experimental Investigation and Performance Optimisation of Washing Cycles for Pre-processing of Coal Fly Ash." In International Symposium on Earth Resources Management & Environment. Department of Earth Resources Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/iserme.2022.11.

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Coal Fly Ash (CFA), a by-product of thermal power plant combustion, has a profound focus among researchers due to its pozzolanic properties, porosity, wide chemical composition, and thermal stability. While being suitable for many applications (e.g., pozzolanic material, soil stabiliser, and structural fill), CFA is also a potential precursor for synthesising zeolites, broadly used in wastewater treatment. However, pre-processing is crucial due to the heterogeneous nature of CFA. This work focused on pre-processing CFA prior to wastewater treatment through continuous washing cycles at various operating temperatures. To this end, we studied the pH and conductivity of the solution after washing over multiple cycles, Sauter mean diameter, and the mineralogy of the settled CFA. The gathered results were analysed and optimised through response surface methodology. This was done to find the best combination of the number of washing cycles and temperature to remove soluble ions and increase the surface area of CFA particles. The analytical outcome revealed that five washing cycles at 70°C were adequate, with minimal soluble ions and maximum surface area. Evidently, these findings demonstrated significant improvements in the physical and chemical properties of CFA as a precursor for zeolite synthesis. Therefore, we recommend further studies on this front to extend the effective usage of CFA for the synthesis of commercial zeolites to be used for wastewater treatment.
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Gupta, M., N. Markocsan, R. Rocchio-Heller, J. Liu, X. Li, and L. Östergren. "Multilayered Suspension Plasma Sprayed Thermal Barrier Coatings for High Temperature Gas Turbine Applications." In ITSC2017, edited by A. Agarwal, G. Bolelli, A. Concustell, Y. C. Lau, A. McDonald, F. L. Toma, E. Turunen, and C. A. Widener. DVS Media GmbH, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2017p0382.

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Abstract Improvement in the performance of thermal barrier coating systems (TBCs) is one of the key objectives for further development of gas turbine applications. The material most commonly used as TBC topcoat is yttria stabilised zirconia (YSZ). However, the usage of YSZ is limited by the operating temperature range which in turn restricts the engine efficiency. Materials such as pyrochlores, perovskites, rare earth garnets, etc. are suitable candidates which could replace YSZ as they exhibit lower thermal conductivity and higher phase stability at elevated temperatures. The objective of this work was to investigate different multi-layered TBCs consisting of advanced topcoat materials fabricated by Suspension Plasma Spraying (SPS). The investigated topcoat materials were YSZ, dysprosia stabilised zirconia, gadolinium zirconiate, cerium doped YSZ and yttria fully stabilised zirconia. All topcoats were deposited with TriplexPro-210 plasma spray gun and radial injection of suspension. Lifetime of these samples was examined by thermal cyclic fatigue and thermal shock testing. Microstructure analysis of as-sprayed and failed specimens was performed with scanning electron microscope. The failure mechanisms in each case have been discussed in this article. The results show that SPS could be a promising route to produce multilayered TBCs for high temperature applications.
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Martins, Natalia Pires, Burhan Cicek, Coralie Brumaud, and Guillaume Habert. "Self-Desiccation of a Vernacular CSA Binder." In 4th International Conference on Bio-Based Building Materials. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/cta.1.339.

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The fast precipitation of ettringite in conventional Calcium Sulfo Aluminate (CSA) cement causes rapid stiffening of the cement paste and is directly associated with short setting times and self-desiccation. To extend the time during which those types of cement remain workable, retarding admixtures can be used. However, retarders may affect the amounts and types of hydration products formed and as a consequence the ability of hydrated cement to chemically bind water. This work investigates the influence of two natural-based admixtures on the self-desiccation ability of a vernacular CSA ternary binder used as earth stabilization. Vicat measurements were used to study the efficiency of citric acid and sucrose as retarding admixtures on the setting time of stabilized earth. A quantitative study of the self-desiccation ability of the binder was performed on dried binder pastes using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Results show that both admixtures have a significant impact on the setting time of the binder. Furthermore, TGA showed that the self-desiccation ability of this vernacular CSA binder is significantly reduced when citric acid at high dosages is used, both at early hydration and after 14 days. On the contrary, the use of sucrose does not affect the water chemically bound at an early age but can maximize bound water after 14 days of hydration.
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Habibi, M. H., Li Wang, and Shengmin Guo. "An Investigation on Hot Corrosion Resistance of Plasma Sprayed Composite YSZ-Gd2Zr2O7 and Gd2Zr2O7 Thermal Barrier Coatings in Simulated Turbine Environment at 1050°C." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-88435.

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Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are frequently used on hot section components in gas turbines. Rare-earth zirconate ceramics used as thermal barrier coatings have attracted increasing interest in recent years due to their distinctly lower thermal conductivity than common TBC material; Yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ). This paper investigates the hot corrosion resistance of composite YSZ+Gd2Zr2O7 and Gd2Zr2O7 coating, in Na2SO4+V2O5 at 1050°C. Chemical interaction is found to be the major corrosive mechanism for the deterioration of these coatings. Characterizations using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) indicate that the reaction between NaVO3 and Y2O3 in YSZ produces YVO4 and leads to the transformation of tetragonal ZrO2 to monoclinic ZrO2. Then For the Gd2Zr2O7+YSZ composite coating, by the formation of GdVO4, the amount of YVO4 formed on the YSZ+Gd2Zr2O7 composite coating is significantly reduced, thus the amount of monoclinic phase in the TBC coating is substantially reduced. Comparing to YSZ, under a high temperature of 1050°C, Gd2Zr2O7 is more stable, both thermally and chemically, So Gd2Zr2O7 exhibits a better hot corrosion resistance than YSZ+Gd2Zr2O7 composite coating.
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Park, Hwan-Seo, In-Tae Kim, Hwan-Young Kim, Byeung Gil Ahn, and Han-Soo Lee. "Characteristics on the SAP-Based Wasteform Containing Radioactive Molten Salt Waste." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16137.

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This study investigated a unique wasteform containing molten salt wastes which are generated from the pyro-process for the spent fuel treatment. Using a conventional sol-gel process, SiO2-Al2O3-P2O5 (SAP) inorganic material reactive to metal chlorides were prepared. By using this inorganic composite, a monolithic wasteform were sucessfully fabricated via a simple process, reaction at 650°C and sintering at 1100°C. This unique wasteform should be qualified if it meets the requirements for final disposal. For this reasons, this paper characterized its chemical durability, physical properties, morphology and etc. In the SAP, there are three kinds of chains, Si-O-Si as a main chain, Si-O-Al as a side chain and Al-O-P/P-O-P as a reactive chain. Alkali metal chlorides were converted into metal aluminosilicate (LixAlxSi1−xO2−x) and metal phosphate (Li3PO4 and Cs2AlP3O10) while alkali earth and rare earth chlorides were changed into only metal phosphates (Sr5(PO4)3Cl and CePO4). These reaction products were compatible to borosilicate glasses which were functioned as a chemical binder for metal aluminosilicate and a physical binder for metal phosphates. By these phenomena, the wasteform was formed homogenously above μm scale. This would affect the leaching behaviors of each radionuclides or component of binder. The leach rates of Cs and Sr under the PCT-A test condition were about 10−3g/m2day. The physical properties (Cp, k, ρ, Hv, and etc) were very reasonable. Other leaching tests (ISO, MCC-1P) are on-going. From these results, it could be concluded that SAP can be considered as an effective stabilizer on metal chlorides and the method using SAP will give a chance to minimize the waste volume for the final disposal of salt wastes through further researches.
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Heyes, A. L., J. P. Feist, X. Chen, Z. Mutasim, and J. R. Nicholls. "Optical Non-Destructive Condition Monitoring of TBC’s." In ASME Turbo Expo 2007: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2007-28114.

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The paper describes recent developments of the thermal barrier sensor concept for non-destructive evaluation (NDE) of thermal barrier coatings and on-line condition monitoring in gas turbines. Increases in turbine inlet temperature in pursuit of higher efficiency will make it necessary improve or upgrade current thermal protection systems in gas turbines. As these become critical to safe operation it will also be necessary to devise techniques for online conditions monitoring and NDE. The authors have proposed thermal barrier sensor coatings (TBSC) as a possible means of achieving NDE for thermal barrier coatings. TBSC’s are made by doping the ceramic material (currently yttria stabilised zirconia) with a rare earth activator to provide the coating with luminescence when excited with UV light. The paper describes the physics of the thermo-luminescent response of such coatings and shows how this can be used to measure temperature. Calibration data is presented along with the results of comparative thermal cycle testing of TBSC’s, produced using a production standard APS system. The latter show the durability of TBSC’s to be similar to that of standard YSZ TBC’s and indicate that the addition of the rare-earth dopant is not detrimental to the coating. Also discussed is the manufacture of functionally structured coatings with discreet doped layers. The temperature at the bond coat interface is important with respect to the life of the coating since it influences the growth rate of the thermally grown oxide layer which in turn destabilises the coating system as it becomes thicker. Experimental data is presented indicating that duallayered TBSC’s can be used to detect luminescence from, and thereby the temperature within, sub surface layers covered by as much as 500μm of standard TBC material. A theoretical analysis of the data has allowed some preliminary calculations of the transmission properties of the overcoat to be made and these suggest that it might be possible to observe phosphorescence and measure temperature through an overcoat layer of up to approximately 1.56mm thickness.
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