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Hicks, Stephen Michael. "St. John's wort for women's health." Thesis, University of Reading, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271568.
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Chandrasekera, Dhammitha Himali. "Analytical investigations of St. John's wort herbal preparations." Thesis, University of London, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.483534.
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Songhurst, Leah. "The medicalisation of happiness : a history of St. John's wort." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3060.
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This thesis explores the histories of mild to moderate depression and the use of over the counter (OTC) St. John’s wort (St. John’s wort) during the 1990s. In doing so it not only investigates the diagnosis and definition of mental illnesses, it also raises questions about the interface between conventional and alternative medicine. Using a variety of printed sources, including popular media articles, scientific and medical journal publications, and St. John’s wort self-help books, a number of historical themes are explored. This thesis takes issue with existing medical historical studies of depression. Firstly it is argued that they have presented progressive depression histories. Secondly, it is suggested that they have retrospectively diagnosed depression on the basis of similar symptoms. It is therefore argued that illness is specific to the time in which it exists and should be understood within its own historical timeframe. During the 1990s standardised St. John’s wort was promoted as a natural and safe remedy. Adverts and media reports also highlighted the fact that it had a long medical history. Although this thesis establishes that the plant has been traditionally used to treat physical illnesses, it seems that a growing distrust of conventional antidepressants, combined with an established interest in alternative medicine, encouraged some lay people to use the remedy to treat mild mood disorders. It is further argued that lay people have a history of self-treating minor mental illnesses using preparatory and OTC remedies such as preparatory nerve tonics. Not only did lay people desire autonomous treatments, it also seems that standardised St. John’s wort provided a functional role as an OTC remedy. By the 1990s the concepts of responsible self-care and self-treatment were being actively encouraged by medical authorities. Therefore this thesis reclassifies the passive mild to moderately depressed patient as an active consumer. Following an analysis of the popular media it is suggested that the 1990s coverage of depression and its treatments was confusing. Indeed, depression and its treatment with conventional medicines and St. John’s wort were sometimes presented as part of a wider life style choice. Finally, it is argued that by the 1990s standardised St. John’s wort received the same scientific and medical scrutiny as conventional medicines. It is therefore suggested that the remedy represents a situation in which the boundaries between conventional and alternative medicines have become increasingly indistinguishable.
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Saiyudthong, Somrudee. "Mechanisms underlying the antidepressant properties of St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum)." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275319.
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Gray, Dean E. "Chemical quality in two medicinal plants : St. John's wort and purple coneflower /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9974634.
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Wild, Tracy Joy. "Pharmaceutical analysis and aspects of the quality control of St. John's Wort products." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003282.
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Most complementary medicines contain a multitude of chemical components, some of which are claimed to contribute to the biological activity of such products. Use of complementary medicines for preventative and therapeutic purposes is increasing rapidly worldwide. Unfortunately, although control of these products is essential to ensure quality, safety, and efficacy, the quality control of most herbal preparations is currently poor to non-existent, with little or no safety and efficacy data required to support the marketing and use of these products. The objective of this study was therefore to develop suitable analytical methods to qualitatively and quantitatively analyse the relevant components (rutin, isoquercitrin, hyperoside, quercitrin, quercetin, kaempferol, hypericin, pseudohypericin and hyperforin) in St John's Wort dosage forms for quality control purposes. A gradient HPLC method using a Luna 5·mC₁₈(2) 150 x 2.00mm internal diameter (i.d.) column and UV detection, was developed for the separation of six of the relevant flavonoid compounds in St John's Wort, namely rutin, isoquercitrin, hyperoside, quercitrin, quercetin and kaempferol. The development process involved a systematic investigation of gradient conditions, flow rate, and temperature. This method was subsequently applied to assay selected commercially available St John's Wort products. This system provided the necessary accuracy, precision and reproducibility and was associated with several advantages when compared to using standard bore (4.60 mm i.d.) HPLC columns. The method developed is currently the only known method that separates all six relevant flavonoids in a reasonable run time (less than 20 minutes). It is also one of the few methods that has sufficient separation between rutin, isoquercitrin and hyperoside. A qualitative method for the fingerprinting of flavonoid components was also developed, using capillary electrophoresis (CE). CE is a rapidly growing powerful analytical technique for the separation of charged compounds. Micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) is a very powerful electrophoretic technique that is capable of selectively resolving both neutral and ionic solutes in a single run. A MEKC method suitable for the separation and determination of various flavonoid constituents used as marker compounds in Hypericum perforatum was developed. Investigations into the effect of pH, ionic strength, applied voltage and capillary dimensions on separation were performed. The optimised method was then applied to qualitatively analyse various St John's Wort products on the market. This method was found to be advantageous in that it was simple, cost-effective, required minimal sample preparation and utilised very small quantities of sample. Due to the vast differences in chemical properties between the various marker and active components in St John's Wort, it was necessary to develop separate analytical methods for the flavonoids and for the other three relevant compounds (hypericin, pseudohypericin and hyperforin). An isocratic HPLC method using a Luna 5·mC₁₈(2) 150 x 2.00mm (i.d.) column and UV detection was developed for the separation of hypericin, pseudohypericin and hyperforin. The development process involved a systematic investigation of buffer molarity, mobile phase composition, pH, flow rate, and temperature. This method was subsequently applied to assay selected commercially available St John's Wort products on the South African market. This system also provided the necessary accuracy, precision and reproducibility, as well as the advantages associated with the use of a narrow bore column as opposed to the use of the more commonly used wider bore columns. This method was validated and used to quantitate these three compounds in various commercial St John's Wort products. By applying this method to liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS), qualitative analyses of the same products was performed to obtain confirmation of the quantitative HPLC results. Mass spectrometry is a powerful detection tool that is more selective and specific than many detection systems used with HPLC. Natural medicines usually constitute a multitude of constituents with much potential interference. In this regard LC-MS-MS is a powerful tool, with its ability to unequivocally identify target analytes regardless of the presence of interferences or complex matrices. ESI-MS-MS was used for the qualitative analysis of the content of the naphthodianthrones and hyperforin in the respective tablet products assayed with HPLC. LC-MS-MS analyses were performed in order to identify the constituents and to verify the specificity of the HPLC method. High inter-product and inter-batch variability was observed for all nine compounds assayed. These quantitative results were confirmed with the respective qualitative analyses. This study confirms the need for strict quality control of herbal medicinal products commercially available to consumers.
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Wu, Chung-Hsuen. "Access factors associated with the use of St. John's wort among adults with depressive symptoms." Online access for everyone, 2006. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2006/c%5Fwu%5F042806.pdf.
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Murch, Susan Jean. "Identification and characterization of melatonin in medicinal plants, feverfew, Huang-qin and St. John's Wort." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0017/NQ55632.pdf.
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Bell, Edward C. Ravis William R. "The effects of St. John's Wort on the pharmacokinetics of corticosteroid and non-steroidal drug preparations." Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2005%20Summer/doctoral/BELL_EDWARD_47.pdf.
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Jiang, Xuemin. "Effect of herbal medicines on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of Warfarin in healthy subjects." University of Sydney. Pharmacy, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/651.
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Herbal medicines are widely used in our community. A survey of Australian consumers indicated that 60% had used complementary and/or alternative medicines in the past year with the majority not informing their doctor that they were using herbal medicines. Little is known about the potentially serious consequences of interactions between herbal and conventional medicines. Warfarin has an important role in treating people with heart disease, yet it has a narrow therapeutic range, is highly bound to plasma proteins, and is metabolised by cytochrome P450. This creates the potential for life-threatening interactions with other drugs and foods leading to excessive bleeding. Hence, warfarin is one of the most frequently investigated drugs for interaction studies. Early clinical reports suggest that there exists the potential for an interaction between warfarin and four herbal medicines: St John�s wort, ginseng, ginkgo and ginger. However, these herb-drug combinations have never been conclusively studied. The two clinical studies conducted as part of this research had an identical study design. Twenty-four healthy male subjects were recruited into the two separate studies. This was an open label, three-way crossover randomised study in twelve healthy male subjects, who received a single 25 mg dose of warfarin alone or after 14 days pre-treatment with St John�s wort, or 7 days pre-treatment with ginseng. Dosing with St John�s wort or ginseng was continued for 7 days after administration of the warfarin dose in study I or who received a single 25 mg dose of warfarin alone or after 7 days pre-treatment with recommended doses of ginkgo or ginger from single ingredient products of known quality. Dosing with ginkgo or ginger was continued for 7 days after administration of the warfarin dose in study II. Platelet aggregation, international normalised ratio (INR) of prothrombin time, warfarin enantiomer protein binding, warfarin enantiomer concentrations in plasma and S-7-hydroxywarfarin concentration in urine were measured in both studies. Statistical comparisons were made using ANOVA and 95% confidence interval (CI) for mean value and 90% CI for geometric mean ratio value are reported. n study I, the mean (95% CI) apparent clearance of S-warfarin after warfarin alone or with St John�s wort or ginseng were, respectively, 198 (174 � 223) ml/h, 269 (241 � 297) ml/h and 220 (201 � 238) ml/h. The respective apparent clearances of R-warfarin were 110 (94 � 126) ml/h, 142 (123 � 161) ml/h and 119 (106 � 131) ml/h. The mean ratio of apparent clearance for S-warfarin was 1.29 (1.16-1.46) and for R-warfarin was 1.23 (1.11-1.37) when St John�s wort was co-administered. The mean ratio of AUC0-168 of INR was 0.79 (0.70 - 0.95) when St John�s wort was co-administered. The urinary excretion ratio of S-7-hydroxywarfarin after administration of warfarin alone was 0.04 (0.03 � 0.06) mg/h and there was no significant difference following treatment with either St John�s wort 0.03 (0.02 � 0.04) mg/h or ginseng 0.03 (0.02 � 0.04) mg/h. The ratio of geometric means for S-7-hydroxywarfarin UER was 0.82 (0.61-1.12) for St John�s wort, and 0.68 (0.50-0.91) for ginseng. St John�s wort and ginseng did not affect the apparent volumes of distribution or protein binding of warfarin enantiomers. In study II, the mean (95% CI) apparent clearance of S-warfarin after warfarin alone, with ginkgo or ginger were 189 (167 � 210) ml/h, 200 (173 � 227) ml/h and 201 (171 � 231) ml/h, respectively. The respective apparent clearances of R-warfarin were 127 (106 � 149) ml/h, 126 (111 � 141) ml/h and 131 (106 � 156) ml/h. The mean ratio of apparent clearance for S-warfarin was 1.05 (0.98 -1.12) and for R-warfarin was 1.00 (0.93 -1.08) when co-administered with ginkgo. The mean ratio of AUC0-168 of INR was 0.93 (0.81 -1.05) when co-administered with ginkgo. The mean ratio of apparent clearance for S-warfarin was 1.05 (0.97 -1.13) and for R-warfarin was 1.02 (0.95 -1.10) when co-administered with ginger. The mean ratio of AUC0-168 of INR was 1.01 (0.93 -1.15) when co-administered with ginger. The urinary excretion ratio (UER) of S-7-hydroxywarfarin after administration of warfarin alone was 0.04 (0.03 � 0.05) mg/h and there was no significant difference following treatment with either ginkgo 0.04 (0.03 � 0.04) mg/h or ginger 0.03 (0.02 � 0.04) mg/h. The ratio of geometric means for S-7-hydroxywarfarin UER was 1.07 (0.69-1.67) for ginkgo, and 1.00 (0.64-1.56) for ginger. Ginkgo and ginger did not affect the apparent volumes of distribution or protein binding of either S-warfarin or R-warfarin. In conclusion, St John�s wort significantly induced the apparent clearance of both S-warfarin and R-warfarin, which in turn resulted in a significant reduction in the pharmacological effect of rac-warfarin. Ginseng, ginkgo and ginger at recommended doses affect neither clotting status, nor the pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of either S-warfarin or R-warfarin in healthy subjects.
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Moden, Georgina Pauline Rhoda. "Hypericum linariifolium (Toadflax-Leaved St. John's Wort) Factors Influencing the Presence of the Species at Four Sites on Dartmoor." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.486376.
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Hypericum linariifolium is a rare, heathland species. Ninety percent of its U~ population is found within Dartmoor National Park in Devon. Whilst the (' conservation status of H. Iinariifolium is krrown to be rare, little quantifiable work has been undertaken into the abiotic and biotic factors with which it is associated. Similarly, there has been no formal classification of the plant communities within which the species exists. This thesis aims to increase the knowledge of the habitat and abiotic requirements of H. Iinariifolium, which will facilitate the future development of management plans suitable for the conservation of the species. In particular, the research examines the species and edaphic factors with which H. Iinariifolium is correlated. A National Vegetation Classification of the vegetation present is also undertaken, and the communities within which H. linariifolium is found most frequently are identified. The most likely species strategy employed by ,..f: linariifoliuln is considered. Research was carried out at four sites on Dartmoor. H. linariifolium was present at three of the sites (Bigport Farm, Broadmoor Common and Hunters Path), and . absent from the other site (Steps Bridge). This enabled comparison between sites of any factors that may restrict the presence of the species. Vegetation was quantified using stratified sampling and the 'percentage cover by eye' method, and NVC community types were identified from the data collected using the software programme Tablefit (Hill, 1993). Soil samples were collected and analysed for levels of soil moisture, organic matter, pH, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, calcium, fluoride, chloride, sodium, magnesium, potassium and sulphate. At Bigport Farm, vegetation management was carried out to identify the effect it would have on H. Iinariifolium, as previous research had surmised that population levels of the species were declining as a result of scrub (U1ex spp.) encroachment. The site was split into two areas. One area was cleared completely of any U. europaeus present, whilst the U. europaeus'in the other half of the site was left untouched. Comparisons were made between the managed and unmanaged areas in terms of biotic and abiotic factors in relation to the mean population levels of H. Iinariifolium found. (' Analysis showed that levels of H. Iinariifolium were highest at Bigport Farm, and these levels increased following clearance. The species was found most frequently within H3c (U1ex minor-Agrostis curtisii heath, subcommunity A. curtisil), U3 (Agrostis curtisii grassland) and W23c (U1ex europaeus-Rubus fruticosus scrub, sub-community Teucrium scorodonia) community types, but was absent from the H6 (Erica vagans-U1ex europaeus heath), H8 (Gal/una vulgaris-Ulex gallii heath) and W10 (Quercus robur-P. aquilinum-R. fruticosus woodland) communities. It is hypothesised that shading created by canopyforming communities and species may result in the decline of H. Iinariifolium. However, H. Iinariifolium was not negatively correlated with U. europaeus (a canopy-forming species· removed dUring management) despite an increase in the mean levels of H. Iinariifolium following clearance. It was found that management had an influence on the communities present at Bigport Farm, and there were differences in community composition between the managed and unmanaged areas. H. Iinariifolium was not found within taller community stands. It is therefore argued that H. Iinariifolium levels can be positively affected by the implementation of management. Vegetation clearance would reverse succession to a sere composed of lower growing vegetation than is found within climax communities. These climax communities encroach when succession is allowed to continue unabated, resulting in a decline in H. Iinariifolium levels. H. Iinariifolium was found to be positively associated with two species, Primula vulgaris and Agrostis curtisii. P. vulgaris and H. Iinariifolium were found to share seed dispersal mechanisms, and both responded to management in a similar manner at Bigport Farm. However, H. linariifolium responded more slowly than P. vulgaris. A. curtisii was found within similar community types to H. Iinariifolium. The two species were also associated with similar abiotic factors. H. linariifolium was found to be correlated with organic matter, soil moisture, bare earth, calcium and pH of >4.0. It is likely that H. Iinariifolium is positively correlated with calcium to protect against root stress caused by 10yf'pH levels. The ability of H. Iinariifolium to withstand low pH and soil moisture levels suggests that the species is a stress-tolerator. Its frequent presence in quadrats of stress-tolerators and stress-tolerant competitors would further confirm this finding. However, the increase in percentage cover levels of the species following clearance (distUrbance) is indicative of a ruderal. These findings have increased the knOWledge of H. Iinariifolium, which in tum will help to inform management at sites where the species is present. Future research will need to encompass identification of the most appropriate management strategy for the species.
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Kederienė, Lina. "Burnos gleivinės preparatų su jonažolės ekstraktu modeliavimas ir kokybės vertinimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140618_215103-76884.
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Tyrimo tikslas. Sumodeliuoti puskiečius burnos gleivinės preparatus su skystuoju jonažolių ekstraktu ir pagrįsti jų tinkamumą biofarmaciniais tyrimais.
Uždaviniai. 1. Parinkti veikliosios medžiagos (jonažolių ištraukų) sudėtį ir įvertinti jų kokybę 2. Parinkti tinkamas pagalbines medžiagas hidrofilinių puskiečių preparatų formulavimui 3. Sumodeliuoti hidrofilinius puskiečius preparatus su skystuoju jonažolių ekstraktu 4. Pagrįsti hidrofilinių puskiečių preparatų su skystuoju jonažolių ekstraktu kokybę, atliekant veikliųjų junginių atpalaidavimo tyrimą in vitro.
Metodai. Suminis flavonoidų kiekis (pagal rutiną) nustatytas spektrofotometriniu metodu. pH reikšmė nustatyta potenciometriniu metodu. Atlikta dinaminės klampos matavimo metodas, biofarmacinis veikliųjų junginių atpalaidavimo iš gelių tyrimas in vitro. Veikliosios medžiagos antimikrobinis aktyvumas nustatytas pagal Ph Eur. 01/2002, 2.6.12 metodą.
Tyrimo objektas. Hidrofiliniai puskiečiai preparatai su skystuoju jonažolių ekstraktu (1:1).
Tyrimo rezultatai. Pagaminti skystieji jonažolių ekstraktai (1:1) tamsiai rudos spalvos, kuriuose nustatytas suminis flavonoidų kiekis 6,03013 – 6,48663 mg/ml. Jonažolių geliai rudos spalvos, kurių klampa ≥ 0,80 Pa•s, pH reikšmė 4,78-6,63, suminis flavonoidų kiekis ≥ 0,08 mg/ml. Veikliųjų junginių atpalaidavimo tyrimas in vitro parodė, kad po 6 val iš jonažolių karbomero ir poloksamero gelių atpalaiduota apie 16 proc. flavonoidų.
Išvados. 1. Remiantis nustatytu suminiu flavonoidų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]Purpose of work. To make models of the semi liquid mouth products, containing St. John's Wort extract and validate their suitability for biopharmaceutical research. Tasks. 1. Select the active material substance (St. John's Wort extracts) and assess their quality. 2. Select suitable excipients for the formulation of hydrophilic semi-hard products. 3. To make models of hydrophilic group of semi products with St. John's Wort extract. 4. Substantiate the quality of hydrophilic, semi-hard products with St. John's Wort extract, performing release study in vitro of the active compounds. Methods. The total flavinoid content (by routine) was determined by spectrophotometry. The value of pH is set by potentiometric method. Dynamic viscosity measurement and the study in vitro of the biopharmaceutical active compound release from gels were carried out. The antimicrobial activity of the active substance was determined in accordance with Ph. Eur set. 01/2002 2.6.12 method. The object of study. The effect of hydrophilic semi-hard products containing St. John's Wort extracts (1:1). Results. St. John's Wort extracts liquid (1:1) has been produced in dark brown color with a prescribed amount of total flavinoids from 6.03013 to 6.48663 mg/ml. The gels of St. John's Wort are also in brown colour with a viscosity of ≥ 0.80 Pa•s, a pH value of 4.78 to 6.63, total flavinoid content of ≥ 0.03 mg/ml. The active compounds release study in vitro showed that about 16 pct. flavonoids from St. John's... [to full text]
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Sparling, Brian Andrew. "Total Synthesis of Hyperforin." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11098.
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Hyperforin is the component of the medicinal herb St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum) responsible for its antidepressant activity. It works by blocking the reuptake of a variety of neurotransmitters through a unique mechanism of action and may be a critical lead for the treatment of depression and possibly other human diseases. However, the therapeutic potential of hyperforin is severely handicapped by its poor water solubility, facile oxidative degradation, and potent activation of pregnane X receptor, leading to increased expression of many genes involved in xenobiotic metabolism. Access to a wide variety of hyperforin analogs is critical for mitigating these shortcomings while maintaining therapeutic activity. While limited semisynthetic manipulation of isolated hyperforin is feasible, total synthesis is the only possible means of obtaining diverse hyperforin analogs.Chemistry and Chemical Biology
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Foktas, Povilas. "Sunkiųjų metalų koncentracijų įvertinimas skirtingais būdais paruoštoje Paprastosios jonažolės (Hypericum perforatum L.) vaistinėje augalinėje žaliavoje." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140618_233512-28853.
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Tikslas: įvertinti sunkiųjų metalų koncentracijų pasiskirstymą paprastosios jonažolės mineralizate, vandeninėse ir etanolinėse ištraukose bei jų sąveiką su taninais.
Uždaviniai: nustatyti ir palyginti cinko ir vario koncentracijas paprastosios jonažolės mineralizatuose bei vandeninėse ištraukose; nustatyti ir palyginti kadmio ir švino koncentraciją paprastosios jonažolės mineralizatuose, vandeninėje bei etanolinėje ištraukose; palyginti sunkiųjų metalų koncentracijų pasiskirstymą skirtingose Lietuvos Respublikos vietovėse, įvertinti paprastosios jonažolės mineralizate esančio sunkiojo metalo (švino) sąveiką su taninais.
Buvo vykdoma drėgna mineralizacija Multiwave 3000 mineralizatoriumi (HNO3 + HCl + H2O2). SM koncentracijos mineralizatuose, vandeniniuose ir etanoliniuose tirpaluose buvo nustatytos Perkin Elmer Zeeman 3030 atominiu spektrofotometru.
Cinko koncentracijos vidurkis mineralizatuose – 21,49 µg/g, o vandeninėse ištraukose- 15,92 µg/g (p<0,05). Vario koncentracijos vidurkis mineralizatuose - 11,22 µg/g, o vandeninėse ištraukose ji beveik 2 kartus mažesnė (p<0,05). Kadmio koncentracijos vidurkis mineralizatuose - 0,12 µg/g, vandeninėse ištraukoje jis daugiau nei 5 kartus mažesnis, o etanolinėse ištraukose - 0,003 µg/g, skirtumai yra statistiškai reikšmingi (p<0,05). Švino koncentracijos vidurkis mineralizatuose yra 0,46 µg/g, vandeninėse ištraukose - beveik 7 kartus mažesnis, o etanolinėse ištraukose jis lygus 0,05 µg/g, skirtumai yra statistiškai reikšmingi (p<0... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]Purpose: To assess concentrations of heavy metals in mineralizates, ethanolic and aqueous extract of St. John's wort and their interactions with tannins. Objectives: to determine and compare the concentrations of zinc and copper in mineralizates and aqueous extracts of St. John's Wort; to determine and compare the concentrations of cadmium and lead in mineralizates, aqueous and ethanolic extracts of St. John's Wort; to compare concentrations of heavy metals in herbal raw material, collected in different areas of the Republic of Lithuania; to evaluate heavy metal (lead), which is in the mineralizate of St. John's wort, interactions with tannins. The wet mineralization using Multiwave 3000 mineralizator (HNO3 + HCl + H2O2) was applied. Heavy metals concentrations i mineralizates, aqueous and ethanolic solutions were determined Perkin Elmer Zeeman 3030 atomic spectrophotometer. The average zinc concentration was 21.49 µg/g in the mineralizates, 15.92 µg/g in the aqueous extracts (p<0,05). The average copper concentration was 11.22 µg/g in the mineralizates and it was almost 2 times lower in the aqueous extracts (p<0,05). Average cadmium concentration was 0.12 µg/g in the mineralizates and more than 5 times lower in the aqueous extracts; 0.003 µg/g average concentration of cadmium was found in the aqueous extracts, these differences are statistically significant (p<0,05). Average lead concentration was 0.46 µg/g in the mineralizates and it was almost 7 times lower in... [to full text]
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Owen, Jade Denise. "Investigation of the elemental profiles of Hypericum perforatum as used in herbal remedies." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/13233.
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The work presented in this thesis has demonstrated that the use of elemental profiles for the quality control of herbal medicines can be applied to multiple stages of processing. A single method was developed for the elemental analysis of a variety of St John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum) preparations using Inductively Coupled Plasma – Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The optimised method consisted of using 5 ml of nitric acid and microwave digestion reaching temperatures of 185⁰C. Using NIST Polish tea (NIST INCT-TL- 1) the method was found to be accurate and the matrix effect from selected St John’s Wort (SJW) preparations was found to be ≤22%. The optimised method was then used to determine the elemental profiles for a larger number of SJW preparations (raw herbs=22, tablets=20 and capsules=12). Specifically, the method was used to determine the typical concentrations of 25 elements (Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, In, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Pt, Sb, Se, Sr, V, Y and Zn) for each form of SJW which ranged from not detected to 200 mg/g. To further interpret the element profiles, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was carried out. This showed that different forms of SJW could be differentiated based on their elemental profile and the SJW ingredient used (i.e. extract or raw herb) identified. The differences in the profiles were likely due to two factors: (1) the addition of bulking agents and (2) solvent extraction. In order to further understand how the elemental profile changes when producing the extract from the raw plant, eight SJW herb samples were extracted with four solvents (100% water, 60% ethanol, 80% ethanol and 100% ethanol) and analysed for their element content. The results showed that the transfer of elements from the raw herb to an extract was solvent and metal dependent. Generally the highest concentrations of an element were extracted with 100% water, which decreased as the concentration of ethanol increased. However, the transfer efficiency for the element Cu was highest with 60% ethanol. The solvents utilised in industry (60% and 80% ethanol) were found to preconcentrate some elements; Cu (+119%), Mg (+93%), Ni (+183%) and Zn (+12%) were found to preconcentrate in 60 %v/v ethanol extracts and Cu (+5%) and Ni (+30%). PCA of the elemental profiles of the four types of extract showed that differentiation was observed between the different solvents and as the ethanol concentration increased, the extracts became more standardised. Analysis of the bioactive compounds rutin, hyperoside, quercetin, hyperforin and adhyperforin followed by subsequent Correlation Analysis (CA) displayed relationships between the elemental profiles and the molecular profiles. For example strong correlations were seen between hyperoside and Cr as well as Quercetin and Fe. This shows potential for tuning elemental extractions for metal-bioactive compounds for increased bioactivity and bioavailability; however further work in needed in this area.
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Bußmann, Hendrik Werner [Verfasser]. "Influence of the St. John's Wort Extract Ze117 on the Lipidome of PBMC and on the Lateral Diffusion of ß1-Adrenergic Receptors in C6 Cells / Hendrik Werner Bußmann." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1231911069/34.
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Mortensen, Trent W. "The Hypericum Perforatum Herb as an Antimycobacterial Agent and Its Implications as an Additional Tuberculosis Medication." DigitalCommons@USU, 2010. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/714.
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An immediate demand exists for new tuberculosis (TB) antibiotics due to the ever-increasing spread of drug-resistant strains. The drug-development process goes through four phases, the first (Phase 0) of which is to demonstrate and investigate drug effectiveness and toxicity. This research investigated the effectiveness of the Hypericum perforatum herb (commonly St. John's wort (SJW)) in its growth inhibition of mycobacteria and its viability effect on human lung cells. Organic-solvent SJW extracts were effective at inhibiting every nonpathogenic genetically sequenced Mycobacterium isolate currently available (six isolates) in preliminary studies. Quantitative studies of five Mycobacterium isolates showed an order of concentration sensitivity to the SJW methanol (MeOH) extract as (high to low) M. JLS, M. KMS, M. phlei (not sequenced), M. MCS, B. subtilis, M. smegmatis, and E. coli, with minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) ranging from 0.33-2.66 mg extract/ml. The SJW compounds hyperforin (Hfn), hypericin (Hpn), and pseudohypericin (Phn) were quantified using a novel HPLC method that utilized common HPLC equipment. A crude MeOH extract solution of 133 mg extract/ml contained 2.26 mg Hfn/ml, 0.77 mg Hpn/ml, and 2.67 mg Phn/ml. Purified Hfn had a MBC of between 6-13 μg/ml for M. JLS in the absence of Tween 80. Tween 80 repressed Hfn (46 μg/ml) inhibition of M. JLS at ≥ 0.025% (v/v). Purified Hpn and Phn showed no inhibition of M. JLS at all assayed concentrations, which were ≤ 27 μg/ml and ≤ 25 μg/ml, respectively. Inhibitory results from the five quantitatively assayed Mycobacterium samples could be extrapolated to M. tuberculosis, as these isolates have as high as 72% genetic homology to the pathogen. The crude MeOH extract and Hfn were lethal to the human carcinomic alveolar epithelial lung cell line A549 at 1.3 mg extract/ml (crude extract) and ≥ 11 μg/ml (Hfn), with a Hfn LD50 of 3-6 μg/ml (5.6-11.2 μmol/L). Because Hfn is antiproliferative to a list of other carcinomic cell lines in the same concentration range, the A549 cell line may be added to that list. The addition of M. JLS cells (5x106 cells/cm2) to penicillin-streptomycin-containing A549 culture (which killed the bacteria) did not affect A549 viability.
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Nürk, Nicolai M. [Verfasser]. "Phylogenetic analyses in St. John’s wort (Hypericum) : inferring character evolution and historical biogeography / Nicolai M. Nürk." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2011. http://d-nb.info/102635868X/34.
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Karppinen, K. (Katja). "Biosynthesis of hypericins and hyperforins in Hypericum perforatum L. (St. John’s wort) – precursors and genes involved." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2010. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514263101.
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Abstract
Hypericum perforatum L. (St. John’s wort) is a medicinal plant widely utilized for the treatment of depression. The antidepressant activity is mainly attributed to the phenolic compounds hypericins and hyperforins, which also have a wide range of other pharmacologically interesting properties. The biosynthetic routes leading to hypericins and hyperforins are poorly understood, although a polyketide pathway including type III polyketide synthases (PKSs) has been suggested to be involved. Furthermore, a gene called hyp-1 is assumed to attend to the final stages of the hypericin biosynthesis. In the present work, the biosynthesis of hypericins and hyperforins in H. perforatum was further studied by focusing on the elucidation of the precursors and genes involved.
The incorporation of isotopically labelled branched-chain amino acids into hyperforins was investigated as well as the possibilities to enhance the production of hyperforins in H. perforatum in vitro cultures by feeding them with amino acid precursors. Furthermore, two novel cDNAs encoding for type III PKSs were isolated from H. perforatum. The functions of these new genes, designated HpPKS1 and HpPKS2, as well as the role of hyp-1 were elucidated by comparing their expression with the levels of hypericins and hyperforins in H. perforatum tissues. The enzymatic activity of the recombinant HpPKS2 protein was also analyzed. To study Hyp-1 at a protein level, a protein extraction method was optimized for tissues of Hypericum species.
The results show the incorporation of valine and isoleucine into the acyl side chain of hyperforin and adhyperforin, respectively. Through the biotransformation of the amino acid precursors, it is possible to enhance the levels of adhyperforin, but not hyperforin, in H. perforatum shoot cultures, which demonstrates the tight regulation of the hyperforin biosynthesis. A correlation between HpPKS1 expression and hyperforins was detected in H. perforatum tissues. The localization of HpPKS2 mRNA in dark glands in which hypericins accumulate as well as the octaketide synthase activity of the recombinant HpPKS2 suggest that HpPKS2 is associated with possible co-operating tailoring enzymes in the biosynthesis of hypericins. The presence of both hyp-1 mRNA and Hyp-1 protein in distinct places compared with hypericins in H. perforatum tissues does not support the idea that Hyp-1 would be involved in the biosynthesis of hypericins in dark glands, although mobility of the Hyp-1 protein was shown to be possible.
The present thesis extends knowledge about the biosynthesis of hypericins and hyperforins in H. perforatum by providing new candidate genes for their biosynthesis and by identifying precursors for hyperforins. Moreover, new information was obtained about the role of hyp-1 in H. perforatum.
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Mokwelu, Onyinye Vivian. "Bioassay guided fractionation of Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor compound from Hypericum perforatum." University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6975.
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Magister Pharmaceuticae - MPharmDue to the contribution of hypertension to various cardiovascular diseases, many studies are currently focused on identifying efficient bioactive compounds with antihypertensive activity and thus reducing the levels of cardiovascular disease. ACE inhibitors are an important component of the therapeutic regimen for treating hypertension, but due to the increase in the prevalence of side effects of synthetic compounds, alternative and complementary medicines which may consist of pure bioactive compound or a combination of various compounds from natural sources are gaining importance in overcoming hypertension. Hypericum perforatum has been studied for various activities including anti-bacterial, anti-depressant, anti-oxidant properties, but studies on its cardiovascular effects specifically ACE inhibitory activity have not yet been explored. In this study, ACEI assay-guided fractionation of the ethanol extract of Hypericum perforatum was carried out other to isolate a compound with ACE inhibition. A compound – (3-hydroxy 4, 4 dimethyl-4-butyrolactone) was isolated from an active fraction of the plant extract and was tested for ACE inhibition and its chemical structure elucidated using 1HNMR and C13NMR spectrometry and further characterized using mass spectrometry and FTIR.
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Deas, Betty Rose. "A journey of hope ministering to persons living with HIV/AIDS /." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2006. http://libraryweb.fuller.edu/tren/064-0119.pdf.
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Pfaffe, Daniel M. "The major applied project to examine, understand, and address the attitudes the fathers of St. John's Lutheran Church of Durand, Wisconsin have toward worship." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2006. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p020-0244.
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Leet, Susan. "On fire with faith St. Albert's youth ministry's adaptation of Generations of faith project /." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2004. http://www.tren.com.
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Haney, John Mark. "Episcopal clergy reactions toward parishioners with disabilities /." Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3004276.
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Keksel, Nelli [Verfasser]. "Influence of the St John´s wort extract Ze117 and selected ingredients on membrane fluidity and phospholipid composition in rat C6 glioblastoma cells / Nelli Keksel." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1173789464/34.
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Bushelli, Noah Forest. "The healing ministry of the word a critique of Metropolitan Hierotheos Vlachos' therapeutic ecclesiology based on St. John Chrysostom's homily on the Good Samaritan /." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2004. http://www.tren.com.
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Nold, Charlotte R. "The development of a ministry with the deaf alcoholic at St. John United Church of Christ an interpretation of the Kingdom of God /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2005. http://www.tren.com.
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Howard, Caroline. "The development of Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) based methods for the identification and authentication of medicinal plant material." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/3972.
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Herbal medicines are growing in popularity in the Western world and are becoming more stringently regulated under new EU legislation. Within the arena of herbal medicines, St. John’s Wort (SJW), Hypericum perforatum, is a top ten best seller with clinical evidence to support its use as an anti-depressant. A fundamental requirement of the new legislation is to prove the identity of the plant material in question. This is currently achieved via morphological and chemical methods, neither of which are ideal. A wide range of DNA based methods have been applied to this arena, standardisation is required to realise the potential of DNA based techniques. The DNA barcoding initiative aims to produce sequence data for all plant species, capable of species identification. The proposal is to use these data to design fast and effective DNA based methods of identification. For assay design, the putative barcode region nrITS was selected as a platform. Three assays were designed; • A PCR assay designed to hyper variable sequences within a barcode region. This assay is capable of distinguishing SJW from other closely related species. • A quantitative qPCR assay designed to measure total DNA and specific SJW DNA within a mixed sample. • A multiplex PCR incorporating fluorescently labelled primers, allowing amplicon detection by capillary electrophoresis. This assay identifies four separate Hypericum species, including SJW, with a mixed sample in one reaction. The suitability of the nrITS and three other barcode regions is assessed based on sequence data generated for 32 vouchered samples of different Hypericum species, and a Lithuanian sample set of 22 and 16 H. perforatum and H. maculatum samples respectively. The matK is currently unusable, the rbcL highly conserved, trnH-psbA problematically variable and the nrITS proved to be ideal for assay design.
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Marais, Andre. "Increased-rate stability studies for St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum), Ginkgo biloba and Kava Kava (Piper methysticum) under unfavourable environmental conditions." Diss., 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/23083.
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This was a chemical laboratory study. The main focus was to evaluate the chemical stability of Hypericum perforatum (St John's wort), Ginkgo biloba and Piper methysticum (Kava Kava) under unfavourable environmental conditions. Different dosage forms representing the same amount of active ingredients for each were used. Some of the dosage forms were self manufactured according to Good Manufacturing Practice. Samples of the dried powder of each plant was also exposed to a series of gamma¬radiation. Acetone was used as an extractant for all three plants, after evaluating and discarding the extraction method stipulated in the British Herbal Pharmacopoeia. Identification of the different plants were carried out by means of Thin Layer Chromatography. The in-house developed mobile phases EMW, BEA and CEF, showed better separation and visibility compared to the mobile phases used in the British Herbal Pharmacopoeia. The plates were sprayed with either vanillin or p-anisaldehide for optimal visualization of the separated compounds. After the specified period of 6-months, comparative TLC was performed on all samples. This was achieved for each plant by applying all samples stored at a specific condition i.e.25°C, on the same plate. The samples were stored at low temperature after exposure to the specific time interval. Quantitative analysis was performed by spectrophotometry, and high pressure liquid chromatography. The data obtained from these analytical methods, were used to evaluate the relative chemical stability of each dosage form. The relationship between the quantitative data and the qualitative changes in the TLC fingerprints, were compared, hoping to achieve a common pattern relating to the stability. The order of the reaction as well as the reaction rate constant (k) for each dosage form was calculated, except for kava kava. The shelf-life (too) was calculated using the analyzed data obtained by spectrophotometry or HPLC. The relevance of conventional pharmaceutical calculations in the prediction of shelf-life, by means of accelerated stability tests, was investigated for the possible application to herbal products. The effects of gamma radiation on the degradation of the chemical compounds present in each plant, was evaluated. After an evaluation of all the relevant data, it seemed that the tablet-dosage forms were equally effective regarding stability, compared to the capsules. Liquid extracts appeared to be less stable than the extract capsules. The extract capsules seemed to degrade more rapidly than the herbal tablets or herbal capsules. Exposure to low dose radiation (4.4 kGy) did not seem to have an influence on the stability. It was evident that some herbs were more sensitive to sunlight or heat than others. In general, all three of the chosen plants seemed to be relatively stable if stored in the specified conditions. It seemed valid for the shelf-life to be expressed as two years.Dissertation (MSc (Pharmacology))--University of Pretoria, 2006.
Pharmacology
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Luo, Kuo-Wei, and 羅國偉. "Antioxidant Capacity and Antimicrobial Activity of St. John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum L.)." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/40864139581492453588.
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碩士國立屏東科技大學
農園生產系
93
St. John’s wort has active ingredients for anti-depression, anti-virus, anti-bacteria and anti-oxidation, which is widely used as conventional herb in foreign countries. The warm weather and high moisture climate in Taiwan is suitable environment for the St. John’s wort cultivation. The purpose of this experiment was to study the variations of St. John’s wort antioxidant capacity and the antimicrobial activity for the leaves and stems of plant. It will be comprised of three steps separately so as to analyze the variations of St. John’s wort in antioxidant level and antioxidant capacity: (a) The variations in phenolics compound content and anti-oxidation by the harvest time, the parts of plant, and the drying treatments. (b) The phenolics content and anti-oxidation by extracting process and drying treatments. (c) The anti-bacteria activity of the Gram-bacteria by the drying treatments and the analysis of its pH level. The contents of MDA, hydrogen peroxide, glutathione, SOD, total phenolics, total flavonoids and hypericin in leaves showed higher than stems when the St. John’s wort were harvested in different month and dehydrated in different process; the leaves revealed better performance than the stems in anti-oxidation. The total phenolics contents in leaves and stems and glutathione contents in leaves were accumulated in higher concentrations if delayed in their harvest time, the herbs were harvested in August showed highest content values. The SOD in leaves and stems, total flavonoids in leaves, hypericin and glutathione in the stems harvested in June had highest concentration. The leaves processed by freeze drying method showed higher total phenolics, glutathione and SOD content. The total flavonoids and hypericin contents for the leaves drying in 80℃ were low. The leaf harvested in August showed significant higher antioxidant activity and superoxide anion scavenging activity. However, in June DPPH radical scavenging activity was significantly higher. The content of total phenolics, total flavonoids and hypericin for St. John’s wort extracted in water decreased by increasing the extract time. The same result in the the antioxidant activity, DPPH radical scavenging activity and superoxide anion scavenging activity was found. The total phenolics content in leaves was highest when extracting by methanol other than different solvents. Extracting by water obtained lowest total flavonoids content as compared to the other three kinds of solvent. The highest content obtained in any solvent was through freeze drying process. Extracting by acetone and freeze drying got highest hypericin content. The antioxidant activity decreased when increasing the incubation time, extracting in methanol performs better. Extracting by methanol and ethanol showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity. The superoxide anion scavenging activity increased by increasing the concentration of extracts, extracting in methanol performs better. The total phenolics content extracting in water and acetone showed positive correlation with DPPH radical scavenging activity. The results showed obvious antimicrobial activity for six kinds of gram-positive and negative bacteria in different concentrations of ethanol extracts. The antimicrobial activity increased by the concentration of extracts. The antimicrobial activity was found in the leaves and the stems. The antimicrobial activity of extracts showed best result in acid environment, but were generally fair among pH 4-8. Overall, parts of plant, harvest time, drying treatment, extracting time and solvent could affected on the total phenolics contents, total flavonoids content, hypericin and anti-oxidation of St. John’s wort. All the extracts from St. John’s wort showed antimicrobial activity for gram bacteria.
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Hsueh, Wei-Cherng, and 薛偉承. "Effects of St. John’s wort on the Cytochrome P450 Activities of Rat Intestine and Liver." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60898764148854185853.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
藥學研究所
94
St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) extract is one of the most commonly used herbal medications, mainly because of their activity in treating mild to moderate depression. In the recent study, St. John’s wort has the long-term inductive and short-term inhibitive effects of regulating some of the biotransformation phase I monooxygenase, cytochrome P450 (CYP). CYP plays an important role in drug metabolism. Therefore, the matter which has the inductive effects of CYP is able to reduce plasma concentrations of certain drugs, like HIV protease inhibiter, indinavir, to make the treatment fail. Oral administration of either low dose (150 mg/day) or high dose (300 mg/day) St. John’s wort extracts for 15 days was given to the 14±2 (10-20) and 59±2 (54-62) weeks old (representing the young-adult and aged group, respectively) Wistar rats in our research. The activities of 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation (EROD) of CYP1A, p-nitrophenol hydroxylation (PNPH) of CYP2E1, and erythromycin N-demethylation (EMND) of CYP3A in isolated hepatic microsome and intestinal microsome were determined for investigating the effect of St. John’s wort on CYP. We found that the hepatic CYP1A activities were induced in the young-adult low dose group (58.8 ± 11.2 vs. 37.2 ± 12.7 pmol/mg protein/min，p < 0.05) and the aged high dose group (109.3 ± 6.8 vs. 57.8 ± 28.8 pmol/mg protein/min，p < 0.05). The induction of hepatic CYP2E1 activity was only found in young-adult low dose group (1.98 ± 0.34 vs. 1.20 ± 0.40 nmol/mg protein/min，p < 0.05). CYP3A in liver, not intestine, could be induced in young-adult low dose group (0.72 ± 0.11 vs. 0.31 ± 0.07 nmol/mg protein/min，p < 0.001). However, when we discover that St. John’s wort only induces the hepatic CYP in young-adult rats, there are some differences between the inductive effects of St. John’s wort on hepatic CYP, especially CYP2E1 and CYP3A, in young-adult rats and aged rats. According to the results, it demonstrated that St. John’s wort can induce the activity of hepatic CYP but not intestinal CYP3A in rats. Either the age of rats or dosage of St. John’s wort might vary the inductive effect of rat hepatic CYP. We combine the results with the recent research in drug interaction of St. John’s wort and indinavir in our lab. Besides CYP, there might be other important factors and mechanisms in this interaction.
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Lai, Ming-Yen, and 賴明彥. "A Study on Pharmacokinetic Interactions between St. John’s wort and Indinavir in Rat Small Intestine." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67495966144012119710.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
藥學研究所
93
In recent years, St. John''s wort (Hypericum perforatum, SJW) was used as an alternative therapy for the treatment of mild to moderate depression. Several active compounds from SJW have been isolated, including hypericin, pseudohypericin and hyperforin, etc. Besides, SJW may affect the activities of P-glycoprotein (Pgp) and cytochrome P450 (CYPs) in rats and human. In some clinical observations, SJW can reduce the plasma concentrations of indinavir, a HIV protease inhibitor, which is a substrate of CYP3A4 and Pgp. Therefore, a rat small intestine perfusion model was established for the investigation of the drug interactions between SJW and indinavir. In our study, oral administration of 300 mg/day SJW extracts to male Wistar rats for 15 days mostly reduced the water absorption ratio, water net flux, indinavir absorption ratio and indinavir absorption clearance even using four different perfusion flow rates, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5 and 1 mL/min. Besides, the plasma concentrations of indinavir in portal vein and hepatic vein were reduced significantly, and certain pharmacokinetic parameters of indinavir were also changed. However, no significant difference was observed for the mean hepatic extraction ratio (EH) and hepatic clearance (CLH) after SJW pretreatment. It is suggested that the activities of Pgp and CYPs might be involved in the drug interactions between SJW and indinavir. In the further study, the activity and protein expression of CYPs and Pgp in liver or small intestine will be clarified for the investigation of the drug interactions.
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Courtney, Joseph C. "Gay men at work : a qualitative study of workplace anti-gay violence in St. John's, Newfoundland /." 2003.
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Chung, Ming Hsiu, and 鍾明修. "Study on effects of period and light on melatonin contents in St. John’s wort（Hypericum perforatum L.）." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5afx7m.
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碩士國立中興大學
農藝學系所
99
Hypericum perforatum L. (St. John’s wort) has been taken as the main experimental material in this study . Melatonin contents of St. John’s wort under temporal, spatial and light regulation have been investigated and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). For spatial regulation, it exhibits that melatonin occurs mainly in the flower and leaf parts of this medicinal herb. The growth and melatonin content of St. John’s wort are optimal under 18 h/6 h (light/dark) cycle among five different photoperiod treatments. For further experiments with light quality and intensity, it shows that melatonin content in the leaves of St. John’s wort is highest under the treatment of blue light with intensity about 45 μ mole photons m-2 s-1. In addition, melatonin content in the leaves of St. John’s wort under red light treatment also exceeds the levels under two white light treatments. For interspecific comparison of Hypercum spp., it exhibits that elatonin is detectable among many species tested. Beside H. perforatum L. with higher level, melatonin contents in the leaves of H. coris L. and H. kouytchense Lev. all exceed much more than the level of St. John’s wort. It is quite special and worth being explored further. For temporal regulation, the variation of melatonin contents in leaves of H. perforatum L. exhibits a rhythmic periodicity of ~24 h both under entrained (with Zeitgeber) and constant light conditions. It shows clearly that the rhythm is under control of circadian clock. For the influence of melatonin, IAA and tryptophan with different concentrations on the seed germination and growth of germinating seeds of St. John’s wort, it has shown that the germination percentage, radical and hypocotyl growth can be regulated by melatonin and be inhibited in proportion to the increase of its concentration.
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Jhang, Jia-Luen, and 張家綸. "Study on effects of Zinc-compounds on growth and effective ingredients in St. John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum)." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/55878232941834891065.
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碩士國立中興大學
生命科學院碩士在職專班
95
Abstract In this study, the effects of nano-scale Zinc Oxide and different Zinc-compounds on effective ingredients, growth and development of St. John’s Wort have been investigated.The results show that the germination rate of Hypericum perforatum seeds can reach over 65% after 3 weeks under experimental conditions. The content of hypericin in H. perforatum increases under the treatment of light intensity at 350(µmole m-2s-1) and the photoperiod over 6h. In addition, the relationship between light intensity and plant fresh weight correlates obviously. The experiment reveals that considered by appropriate conditions for H. perforatum, all of Zinc-compounds (>5mM) will reduce yield and even lead to death of H. perforatum. For the activity of Hyp1, treatment with Zinc-compounds(both at 2.5mM and 5mM) can induce Hyp1 activity. The enzyme activity of PAL can be obviously induced under water stress or with different Zinc-compounds. The effect of study shows that Hyp1 was used to control the production of ingredients of hypericin. However, the relationship between PAL and the ingredient flavonols are not easily observed because they interact each other by many mechanisms. It has been shown that the rapid and effective microwave extraction of indicator ingredients of H. perforatum can be conducted at 750W in 50 minates through the use of methanol. For hypericin, methanol shows the satisfied extraction efficacy can be completed about 10 minates. Regarding hyperforin, satisfied extraction efficacy can be completed about 5 minates through the use of ethyl acetate. For HPLC analysis, by this analytic method, 6 indicator ingredients of H. perforatum can be successfully analysed and quantified respectively. Taken together，zinc-compounds at 5mM can be regulate the plant growth effectively. But it seems to have no correlation with the productivity of effective ingredients inbetween except hypericin.Therefore，it’s important to consider to use zinc-compounds more effectively to elevate production of active ingredients of H. perforatum in the future. It will be also able to evaluate St. John’s Wort as a phytoremedy of soil for its more diverse economic applications. Key words：H. perforatum、nano-scale ZnO、microwave equipment、Hyp1、PAL、 Hypericin、Hyperforin、Pseudohypericin、Quercetin、Quercitrin、Rutin.
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Ye, Meng-Da, and 葉孟達. "Effects of exogenous melatonin application on the growth and active ingredients of St. John''s wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) and Hypericum coris L. under low temperature and photoperiodic treatments and production evaluation of St. John''s wort in culture facilities." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/70549871752302418906.
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碩士國立中興大學
農藝學系所
103
Hypericum perforatum L. and Hypericum coris L. have been taken as experimental materials in this study. Effects of exogenous melatonin on active compounds of H. perforatum and H. coris under different photoperiods and temperature / photoperiodic stresses have been investigated. Amounts of active ingredients of both experimental materials have been analysed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) under 5 different photoperiods (L: D = 6 h: 18 h、12 h: 12 h、18 h: 6 h、10 h: 10 h and 14 h: 14 h). The contents of melatonin, hypericin, and quercetin of H. perforatum will increase with the lengthened periods of light phase. Whereas, the levels of melatonin and quercetin of H. coris will be elevated with the lengthened periods of light phase. In addition, the highest amounts of rutin of H. perforatum and H. coris were detected under the entrained (with Zeitgeber) condition of 20 h- photoperiod (10 h:10 h) with 11.10 μg / mg FW and 9.83 μg / mg FW, respectively. In order to explore the effects of exogenous melatonin on resistance of H. perforatum and H. coris to stresses, the plants were cultivated under low temperature (10 ℃) and photoperiodic (L:D = 10 h:10 h) stress with application of 5 melatonin treatments (0 μΜ, 125 μΜ, 250 μΜ, 500 μΜ and 750 μΜ). It reveals that exogenous melatonin treatments can improve root growth of both experimental materials. At certain dosages (250 μΜ and 750 μΜ) of applied melatonin, the contents of endogenous melatonin and hyperforin of H. perforatum and H. coris can be elevated circa 1~2 folds. For the production evaluation of H. perforatum under controlled environments of culture facilities, it exhibits that different sources and proportion of growth media would influence the accumulation of active compounds in this medicinal herb. Among different culture pots, styrofoam pot used for cultivation of H. perforatum has shown to be better. Otherwise, it shows that application of 10% Hoagland’s solution can improve the biomass and contents of melatonin, hyperforin and rutin of H. perforatum, but with no significant effects between frequencies of applied nutrient solution. Comparison of three different culture facilities for small-scale production evaluation of H. perforatum, it reveals that green house composed of natural lights assisted with artificial light sources is superior.
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Huang, Da-Kong, and 黃大剛. "Simultaneous Determination of Three HIV Protease Inhibitors in Plasma and Drug Interactions between St. John''s wort and Indinavir in Rats." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/55820520161330001110.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
藥學研究所
93
英文摘要 St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum, SJW) is one of the most popular herbal preparations widely used in the treatment of mild to moderate depression. However, a series of case reports and clinical studies indicate SJW play a role in drug interactions. In some clinical observations, SJW can reduce the plasma concentration of indinavir, a HIV protease inhibitor. In our study, an animal model for the investigation of the herb-drug interactions between SJW and indinavir has been established. By optimizing pH value and acetonitrile content of the mobile phase, a modified high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method has also been developed for the simultaneously quantitative determination of three HIV protease inhibitors indinavir, saquinavir, and ritonavir in rat plasma. Chromatography was performed using a C18 reversed-phase column. Ultraviolet detection at 215 nm was used. Linearity of the method was obtained in the concentration range of 100-10000 ng/mL for all three HIV protease inhibitors. Herb-drug interactions between SJW and indinavir can be clearly observed in the Wistar rat model. Oral administration of either 150 mg/day or 300 mg/day SJW extracts for 15 days obviously reduced the plasma concentrations of indinavir and changed its certain pharmacokinetic parameters. The area under the curve (AUC) of indinavir decreased significantly from 5.20 �b 1.09 �慊•h•mL-1 to 0.76 �b 0.50 �慊•h•mL-1 or 1.07 �b 0.26 �慊•h•mL-1 after the pretreatment of 150 mg/day or 300 mg/day SJW extracts for 15 days. The maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of indinavir also decreased from 5.66 �b 0.58 �慊/mL to 1.23 �b 0.68 �慊/mL or 2.00 �b 0.77 �慊/mL. Several case reports suggested that the 3A4 isoform of the cytochrome P450 (CYP3A4) induction is the mechanism for the decrease in SJW exposure, although effects on P-glycoprotein cannot be ruled out. In our study, an animal model for the investigation of the herb-drug interactions between St. John’s wort and indinavir has been established. These observations have important clinical implications for HIV-infected patients receiving indinavir or the other anti-HIV drugs metabolized by CYP3A4. This animal model could be applied to investigate various herb-drug interactions in the future.
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Santos, Carlos Daniel da Silva de Almeida. "Relatório de Estágio e Monografia "Interações do Hypericum perforatum com quimioterapia"." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/83703.
Full textAbstract:
Relatório de Estágio do Mestrado Integrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas apresentado à Faculdade de FarmáciaCurricular Community Pharmacy internship report:The curricular Community Pharmacy internship in report consisted in a SWOT analysis that evaluate the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the internship and relating it to their adaptability in the integrated master's degree in pharmaceutical sciences and to the future professional life.This report was made accordingly to the 812 hour long internship made in “Farmácia Magalhães” wich took place between September of 2016 and February of 2017. The use of complementary and alternative medicine is an increasingly common reality, either as a substitution or complementation of conventional medicine. The popularity of these therapies can be reflected on the increased consumption of medicinal plants such as Hypericum perforatum by cancer patients, which may lead to an increased risk of a relevant drug interaction, not only because these patients are frequently polymedicated, but also, due to the narrow therapeutic index that chemotherapy drugs usually present. Based on several studies conducted with this plant, we can infer that Hypericum perforatum can interfere with cytochrome P450 enzymes and P-glycoprotein (Gp-P), altering the pharmacokinetics of chemotherapeutic drugs. This fact, point to the extreme importance of knowing which herbal products are being used by cancer patients so they can be studied and accordingly regulated. In addition, it is also important to instruct and sensitize both health professionals and patients to the risks that plant-drug interactions can entail.
Relatório de Estágio Curricular em Farmácia Comunitária:O relatório de estágio curricular em farmácia comunitária na Farmácia Magalhães foi realizado sob a forma de uma análise SWOT, avaliando os pontos fortes, pontos fracos, oportunidades e ameaças e relacionando a sua adequação ao Mestrado Integrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas e à futura vida profissional.Monografia:O uso de terapias complementares e alternativas são uma realidade cada vez mais usual, seja como substituição ou complementação da medicina convencional. A popularidade destas terapias traduz-se também no incremento do consumo de plantas medicinais, como o Hypericum perforatum, por parte de doentes oncológicos, o que pode contribuir para um aumento do risco de interações medicamentosas relevantes, não só porque estes doentes estão geralmente sob polimedicação, mas também devido à estreita margem terapêutica que muitos fármacos usados em quimioterapia apresentam.Com base em estudos realizados sobre esta planta, podemos depreender que o Hypericum perforatum tem a capacidade de interferir com enzimas do Citocromo P450 e com a glicoproteína-P (Gp-P), condicionando a farmacocinética de vários fármacos quimioterápicos.Tal facto vem alertar para a extrema importância de se ter conhecimento de quais os produtos à base de plantas utilizados pelos doentes oncológicos, assim como a necessidade de melhor os compreender e regular adequadamente. Em complemento é também de crucial relevância instruir e sensibilizar, tanto profissionais de saúde como os doentes oncológicos, para os riscos que as interações planta-medicamento podem acarretar.