Journal articles: 'SS 202/304'

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Mulimbayan, Francis, and Manolo G. Mena. "Comparative Study of the Corrosion Behavior of Low-Nickel AISI 202 and Conventional AISI 304 Stainless Steels in Citric Acid Using Electrochemical Techniques." Applied Mechanics and Materials 835 (May 2016): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.835.131.

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Stainless steel (SS) is one of the most commonly used metallic food contact materials. It may be classified based on its microstructure whether ferritic, austenitic, martensitic, duplex or precipitation hardened. Austenitic SS, among mentioned grades, has the largest contribution to market due to its numerous industrial and domestic applications. In this study, the corrosion behavior of AISI 202 SS – a cheaper grade of stainless steel, in three different solution temperatures of citric acid was investigated using different electrochemical techniques such as open-circuit potential (OCP) measurements, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results were compared to that obtained from conventional AISI 304 SS. OCP, polarization and impedance measurements agreed that AISI 202 SS has comparable resistance to that of AISI 304 SS in citric acid at ambient temperature and at 50 °C. At 70 °C, results of OCP measurements suggest that AISI 304 SS exhibited greater performance as indicated by more positive OCP values in the designated solution. EIS results indicate that the two alloys have identical corrosion resistance even at 70 °C as indicated by their comparable polarization resistance (Rp). The corrosion mechanism in both alloys is charge-transfer controlled as indicated by depressed semi-circular appearance of the generated Nyquist plots. The values of corrosion current densities (icorr) extracted from polarization curves indicate that the initial corrosion rates were higher in AISI 304 than AISI 202 SS suggesting that formation of more protective film may have occurred on the former alloy.

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Winardi, Yoyok, Fadelan Fadelan, Munaji Munaji, and Wisnu Nurandika Krisdiantoro. "Pengaruh Elektroda Pengelasan Pada Baja AISI 1045 Dan SS 202 Terhadap Struktur Mikro Dan Kekuatan Tarik." Jurnal Pendidikan Teknik Mesin Undiksha 8, no. 2 (August 21, 2020): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/jptm.v8i2.27772.

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Pengelasan logam adalah suatu proses pengelasan yang dilakukan pada dua jenis atau paduan logam yang berbeda. Pengelasan logam beda jenis banyak dipakai di berbagai industri, misalnya pembangkit listrik, industri transportasi, kontruksi sipil, dan lain-lain. Baja merupakan material yang banyak digunakan untuk kontruksi. Aplikasinya banyak disambung dengan logam lain. Penyambungannya dilakukan dengan pengelasan. Dalam penggabungan dua logam yang berbeda permasalahan yang sering timbul dalam pengelasan antara lain perbedaan titik lebur, koefisien muai, sifat fisis dan mekanis. Oleh karena itu dengan pemilihan elektroda pengelasan yang tepat akan menghasilkan sambungan yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis elektroda pada baja AISI 1045 dan SS202 terhadap struktur mikro dan kekuatan tarik. Elektroda yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah jenis E 6013 dan E 7018. Metode pengelasan menggunakan las SMAW. Struktur mikro dikarakterisasi menggunakan mikroskop optik. Kekuatan mekanik diuji menggunakan mesin uji tarik. Hasil pengamatan struktur mikro pada masing-masing spesimen menunjukkan adanya perbedaan susunan. Struktur mikro didominasi oleh ferit dan perlit. Dengan menggunakan elektroda E7018, menghasilkan perlit yang lebih halus. Berdasarkan uji tarik, terdapat perbedaaan yang signifikan. Pada spesimen E 6013 memiliki kekuatan tarik rata-rata sebesar 275,7 kN/mm2, sedangan E 7018 memiliki kekuatan rata-rata sebesar 419,5 kN/mm2. Sehingga bisa disimpulkan, jenis elektroda mempengaruhi kekuatan tarik pengelasan baja AISI 1045 dan SS202Kata Kunci: AISI 1045; elektroda; kekuatan tarik; SS202; struktur mikro Daftar RujukanArifin J, Purwanto H, Syafa’at I. (2017). Pengaruh jenis elektroda terhadap sifat mekanik hasil pengelasan smaw baja ASTM A36. Momentum, 13(1), 27–31.Budiarsa, I. N. (2008). Pengaruh besar arus pengelasan dan kecepatan volume alir gas pada proses las GMAW terhadap ketangguhan aluminium 5083. CAKRAM, 2(2), 112–116.Gutama H.K, Wulandari D. (2000). Pengaruh Arus Pengelasan Dan Jenis Elektroda Terhadap Kekuatan Tarik Pada Steel 42. Jurnal Teknik Mesin Fakultas Teknik Unesa, (1), 1–5.Huda M, Respati B.S.M, Purwanto H. (2018). Pengelasan plat kapal dengan variasi jenis elektroda dan media pendingin. Momentum, (14), 50–56.Kurniawan. Dwi. (2019). Analisa pengaruh variasi elekroda pengelasan smaw sambungan logam baja jis g 3131 sphc dengan baja aisi ss 201 terhadap sifat mekanis. [Skripsi] Institut Teknologi Nasional MalangNasrul,Y. L.M., H. Qolik S.A, (2016). Pengaruh variasi arus las smaw terhadap kekerasan dan kekuatan tarik sambungan dissimilar stainless steel 304 dan st 37. Jurnal Teknik Mesin, Universitas Negeri Malang (1), 1-12.Pareke S, Muchsin A.H, Leonard J. (2014). Pengaruh pengelasan logam berbeda (AISI 1045) dengan (AISI 316L) erhadap sifat mekanis dan struktur mikro. Sains dan teknologi, 3(2), 191–198.Pramono, A. (2011). Karakteristik mekanik proses hardening baja AISI 1045 Media Quenching Untuk Aplikasi Sprochet Rantai. Cakram 5(1), 32–38.Sugestian, M Rizsaldy. (2019). Analisa kekuatan sambungan las smaw horizontal down hand pada plate baja jis 3131sphc dan stainless steel 201 dengan aplikasi piles transfer di mesin thermoforming (stacking unit). [Skripsi] Institut Teknologi Nasional Malang.Suhermana , R. M. Ambaritab , R. K. Simangunsongc , P.J. Simanjuntak (2018). Pengaruh jenis elektroda E6013 pada pengelasan SMAW terhadap sifat fisis dan mekanis baja SA106 grade B. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Era Industri (SNEI) UPMI Medan, 50–54Tarkono, Zulhanif, Trisulohadi Ben Fikma (2013). Pengaruh kedalaman alur back chipping pada pengelasan listrik SMAW baja karbon sedang AISI 1045 terhadap uji kekuatan tarik. Fema, 1, 18–27.Trianto A. (2016). Penelitian stainless steel 202 terhadap pengaruh pengelasan gas tungsten arc welding(GTAW) untuk variasi arus 50 A, 100 A, Dan 160 A dengan uji komposisi kimia, uji struktur mikro, uji kekerasan dan uji impact. [Skripsi]. Jurusan Teknik Mesin, Fakultas Teknik UMS.Veranika R.M, Fauzie M.A, Ali H, Solihin M, (2019). Studi pengaruh variasi elektroda e 6013 dan e 7018 terdahap kekuatan tarik dan kekerasan pada bahan baja karbon rendah. Desiminasi Teknologi, 7.Wijoyo, & Aji, B. K. (2015). Kajian kekerasan dan struktur mikro sambungan las GMAW baja karbon tinggi dengan variasi masukan arus listrik. SIMETRIS, 6(2), 243–248. Yakub Y, Nofri M, (2018). Variasi arus listrik terhadap sifat mekanik mikro sambungan las baja tahan karat aisi 304. E-Jurnal WIDYA Eksakta, 1(I).7-11

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Wang, Junlei, Hongfang Liu, Pruch Kijkla, Sith Kumseranee, Suchada Punpruk, Magdy El-Said Mohamed, Mazen A. Saleh, and Tingyue Gu. "Comparison of 304 SS, 2205 SS, and 410 SS Corrosion by Sulfate-Reducing Desulfovibrio ferrophilus." Journal of Chemistry 2021 (June 17, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3268404.

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Three types of stainless steel (304 SS, 410 SS, and 2205 SS) were evaluated for their corrosion behaviors in microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) by Desulfovibrio ferrophilus strain IS5, a relatively new and very corrosive sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) strain. The incubation lasted for 7 days in enriched artificial seawater at 28°C and the results showed that 410 SS had a rather large weight loss (6.2 mg/cm2) and a maximum pit depth (118 µm), but 2205 SS and 304 SS did not suffer from significant weight loss or pitting. Electrochemical tests indicated that 2205 SS was slightly more resistant to SRB MIC than 304 SS, while 410 SS was far less resistant.

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Fitriyana, Deni Fajar, Gunawan Dwi Haryadi, Sulardjaka Sulardjaka, Norman Iskandar, and Abdi Gilang Amrizal. "Pengaruh Jarak Penembakan pada Pelapisan 95MXC Terhadap Sifat Kekerasan dan Keausan Material SS 304 dengan metode Twin Wire Arc Spray (TWAS)." ROTASI 20, no. 4 (January 11, 2019): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/rotasi.20.4.202-206.

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Proses pelapisan pada SS 304 dengan metode thermal spray dapat di pertimbangkan sebagai metode untuk peningkatan ketahan aus. Dalam penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jarak penembakan pada proses pelapisan SS 304 dengan metode twin wire arc spray coating terhadap peningkatan ketahanan aus dengan material coating 95MXC. Variasi jarak penembakan yang digunakan adalah 100 mm, 200 mm, 300 mm dan 400 mm dengan air pressure 4 bar. Dari hasil penelitian, pada jarak penembakan 100 mm menghasilkan nilai kekerasan 1227 HV, nilai laju keuasan 4,0x10-4 mm3/s, nilai presentase porositas dan unmelt 9,278% dan kekuatan lekat coating sebesar 22,62 MPa. Semakin dekat jarak penembakan, nilai kekerasan yang dihasilkan akan semakin tinggi sehingga nilai laju keausan yang didapatkan menurun. Hal tersebut dikarenakan rendahnya nilai presentase porositas dan unmelt.

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Advani, A. H., L. E. Murr, D. J. Matlock, W. W. Fisher, P. M. Tarin, R. L. Miller, C. Ramos, R. J. Romero, J. G. Maldonado, and C. M. Cedillo. "Deformation effects on transgranular carbide precipitation in 304 stainless steels." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 50, no. 1 (August 1992): 260–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100121703.

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Plastic deformation is a key variable producing accelerated intergranular (IG) carbide precipitation and chromium-depletion (sensitization) development in stainless steels. Deformation above 20% also produces transgranular (TG) carbides and depletion in the material. Research on TG carbides in SS is, however, limited and has indicated that the precipitation is site-specific preferring twin-fault intersections in 316 SS versus deformation-induced martensite and martensite lath-boundaries in 304 SS. Evidences indicating the relation between martensite and carbides were, however, sketchy.The objective of this work was to fundamentally understand the relationship between TG carbides and strain-induced martensite in 304 SS. Since strain-induced martensite forms at twin-fault intersections in 304 SS and the crystallography of the transformation is well understood, we believed that it could be key in understanding mechanisms of carbides and sensitization in SS. A 0.051% C, 304 SS deformed to ∽33% engineering strain (40% true strain) and heat treated at 670°C/ 0.1-10h was used for the research. The study was carried out on a Hitachi H-8000 STEM at 200 kV.

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Kirana, Aulia Widya, Elia Flurentin, and Arbin Janu Setiyowati. "Hubungan Antara Kecerdasan Emosional dan Academic Burnout dengan Prestasi Belajar Siswa SMPN 2 Pakis Kabupaten Malang." Jurnal Pembelajaran, Bimbingan, dan Pengelolaan Pendidikan 3, no. 4 (April 9, 2023): 291–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um065v3i42023p291-302.

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Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between emotional intelligence and academic burnout with learning achievement. This study used correlational research design. The total population of class VIII students of SMP Negeri 2 Pakis is 156 students, the sample is 112 students obtained by the slovin formula with a 5 percent allowance. Sampling using simple random sampling method. Data collection used the emotional intelligence scale adapted by Bantolo (2020), and the academic burnout scale "MBI-SS" adapted by Maharani (2017). Both have been tested for validity and reliability. Measurement of learning achievement used odd mid-term semester scores 2022/2023. The results of this study are that there is no significant relationship between emotional intelligence and academic burnout with learning achievement. The variables of emotional intelligence and academic burnout only contribute 2.8 percent to learning achievement. While the other 97.2 percent is influenced by other factors or variables that are not measured in this study. Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari tau hubungan antara kecerdasan emosional dan academic burnout dengan prestasi belajar siswa. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan yaitu kuantitatif non-eksperimen, dengan desain deskriptif korelasional. Total populasi siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 2 Pakis sebanyak 156 siswa, dengan jumlah sampel 112 siswa yang didapatkan dengan rumus slovin tingkat kelonggaran 5 persen. Dalam penentuan sampel, digunakan metode simple random sampling. Pengumpulan data melalui skala kecerdasan emosional mengadaptasi milik Bantolo (2020), dan skala academic burnout “Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBI-SS)” yang diadaptasi dari Maharani (2017). Keduanya telah melalui uji validitas dan uji reliabilitas. Pengukuran prestasi belajar menggunakan nilai UTS semester gasal 2022/2023. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu tidak terdapatnya hubungan yang signifikan antara kecerdasan emosional dan academic burnout dengan prestasi belajar. Variabel kecerdasan emosional, dan academic burnout hanya berkontribusi sebesar 2,8 persen dengan prestasi belajar. Sedangkan 97,2 persen lainnya dipengaruhi oleh faktor atau variabel lain yang tidak diukur pada penelitian ini.

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Guzda, Patryk Jan. "Recenzja: Stephen M. Fleming, Know Thyself: The Science of Self-Awareness, Basic Books, New York 2021, ss. 304." Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska sectio K - Politologia 29, no. 1 (September 13, 2022): 175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/k.2022.29.1.175-179.

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Deng, Hongda, Yongliang Liu, Zhen He, Xiantao Gou, Yefan Sheng, Long Chen, and Jianbing Ren. "Electrochemical corrosion resistance of thermal oxide formed on anodized stainless steel." Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 68, no. 2 (April 9, 2021): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/acmm-10-2020-2385.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate and explain thermal oxide effect on electrochemical corrosion resistance anodized stainless steel (SS). Design/methodology/approach Electrochemical corrosion resistance of thermal oxides produced on anodized 304 SS in air at 350°C, 550°C, 750°C and 950°C in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution have been investigated by dynamic potential polarization, EIS and double-loop dynamic polarization. Anodized 304 SS were obtained by anodization at the constant density of 1.4 mA.cm-2 in the solution containing 28.0 g.L-1H3PO4, 20.0 g.L-1C6H8O7, 200.0 g.L-1H2O2 at 70°C for 50 min. SEM and EDS had been also used to characterize the thermal oxides and passive oxide. Findings Interestingly, anodized 304SS with thermal oxide produced at 350°C displayed more electrochemical corrosion and pitting resistance than anodized 304 SS only with passive oxide, as related to the formation of oxide film with higher chromium to iron ratio. Whereas, anodized 304SS with thermal oxide formed at 950°C shows the worse electrochemical corrosion and pitting resistance among those formed at the high temperatures due to thermal oxide with least compact. Originality/value When thermally oxidized in the range of 350°C–950°C, electrochemical corrosion and pitting corrosion resistance of anodized 304 SS decrease with the increase of temperature due to less compactness, more defects of thermal oxide.

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Xing, Qiuwei, Haijiang Wang, Mingbiao Chen, Zhaoyun Chen, Rongbin Li, Peipeng Jin, and Yong Zhang. "Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Resistance of NbTiAlSiZrNx High-Entropy Films Prepared by RF Magnetron Sputtering." Entropy 21, no. 4 (April 13, 2019): 396. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e21040396.

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In this study, we designed and fabricated NbTiAlSiZrNx high-entropy alloy (HEA) films. The parameters of the radio frequency (RF) pulse magnetron sputtering process were fixed to maintain the N2 flux ratio at 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%. Subsequently, NbTiAlSiZrNx HEA films were deposited on the 304 stainless steel (SS) substrate. With an increasing N2 flow rate, the film deposited at a RN of 50% had the highest hardness (12.4 GPa), the highest modulus (169 GPa), a small roughness, and a beautiful color. The thicknesses of the films were gradually reduced from 298.8 nm to 200 nm, and all the thin films were of amorphous structure. The electrochemical corrosion resistance of the film in a 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 solution at room temperature was studied and the characteristics changed. The HEA films prepared at N2 flow rates of 10% and 30% were more prone to corrosion than 304 SS, but the corrosion rate was lower than that of 304 SS. NbTiAlSiZrNx HEA films prepared at N2 flow rates of 20%, 40%, and 50% were more corrosion-resistant than 304 SS. In addition, the passivation stability of the NbTiAlSiZrNx HEA was worse than that of 304 SS. Altogether, these results show that pitting corrosion occurred on NbTiAlSiZrNx HEA films.

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Michliński, Rafał. "Refleksje wokół serii Archiwum Uniwersytetu Jana Kazimierza we Lwowie pod redakcją Macieja Franza." Przegląd Historyczno-Wojskowy 24, no. 1 (2023): 236–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32089/wbh.phw.2023.1(283).0009.

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Review of the publishing series: Maciej Franz, red., seria Archiwum Uniwersytetu Jana Kazimierza we Lwowie (t. 1–7), Wydawnictwo DiG, Warszawa 2021–2022: 1. Jan Okołot, Rola historyczna kozactwa dońskiego w walce z Turkami i Tatarami w jego najbardziej bohaterskim okresie (1637–1642), opracowanie, wstęp naukowy, przygotowanie do druku Maciej Franz (Warszawa: Wyd. DiG, 2021), ss. 169. 2. Teodor Zagalak, Bunt Krzysztofa Kosińskiego 1591–1593, opracowanie, wstęp naukowy, przygotowanie do druku Maciej Franz (Warszawa: Wyd. DiG, 2021), ss. 167. 3. Antoni Łukaszewski, Rok 1638 w dziejach stosunków polsko-kozackich (Bunty Ostrzanina, Skidana i Huni), opracowanie, wstęp naukowy, przygotowanie do druku Maciej Franz (Warszawa: wyd. DiG, 2021), ss. 122. 4. Maria Dobrowolska, Udział szlachty w powstaniu B. Chmielnickiego (1648–1657), opracowanie, wstęp naukowy, przygotowanie do druku Maciej Franz (Warszawa: Wyd. DiG, 2021), ss. 300. 5. Eustachy Jurków, Paweł Tetera, hetman Ukrainy prawobrzeżnej w latach 1662–1665 (Rola polityczna), opracowanie, wstęp naukowy, przygotowanie do druku Maciej Franz (Warszawa: Wyd. DiG, 2021), ss. 308. 6. Franciszek Wiśmierski, Doroszenko za Sobieskiego w latach 1665–1676, opracowanie, wstęp naukowy, przygotowanie do druku Maciej Franz (Warszawa: Wyd. DiG, 2021), ss. 292. 7. Franciszek Owadiuk, O polskim hetmanie XVII wieku Mikołaju Potockim, opracowanie, wstęp naukowy, przygotowanie do druku Maciej Franz (Warszawa: Wyd. DiG, 2021), ss. 350.

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Sadzikowska, Lucyna. "[Recenzja]: „Fides. Biuletyn Bibliotek Kościelnych”. Nr 2(51)/2020. ISSN 1426-3777, ss. 304." Archiwa, Biblioteki i Muzea Kościelne 115 (June 30, 2021): 577–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/abmk.12345.

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Nuruzzaman, Dewan Muhammad, Mohammad Asaduzzaman Chowdhury, Md Mostafizur Rahman, Md Arefin Kowser, and Biplov Kumar Roy. "Experimental Investigation on Friction Coefficient of Composite Materials Sliding Against SS 201 and SS 301 Counterfaces." Procedia Engineering 105 (2015): 858–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.05.106.

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Fang, Kewei, Chengtao Li, Shuai Dong, Dubao Zhang, Xiangfeng Wu, and Hongxiang Hu. "Effect of Cu2+ on Corrosion Behavior of A106B Carbon Steel and 304L Stainless Steels in Seawater." Scanning 2021 (October 6, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6661872.

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The corrosion behaviors of A106B carbon steel and 304L stainless steel (SS) in seawater with different Cu2+ concentrations were studied by the immersion test and the potentiodynamic polarization test. The results showed that with the increasing Cu2+ concentration, the mass lot rates of A106B and 304L SS all increased in the immersion test, and compared with A106B, the mass lot rates of 304L SS were all smaller. In the potentiodynamic polarization test, following the concentration of Cu2+ increased, the corrosion potential of A106B firstly shifted negatively; then, when Cu2+ increased to 100 ppm, the polarization curve moved to the upper right direction; namely, both the corrosion potential and corrosion electrical density increased. The corrosion potential of 304L SS increased with the increasing Cu2+, and the passive region was reduced; the pitting sensitivity improved.

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Xie, Huan, Xiang Chen, Yongxin Lu, Mina Zhang, and Qian Zhang. "Forming mechanism and mechanical properties of dissimilar friction stir lap welds of 304 austenitic stainless steel to a Ti6Al4V alloy." Materials Testing 63, no. 10 (October 1, 2021): 889–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mt-2021-0017.

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Abstract A TC4 titanium alloy plate was lap joined to a 304 austenitic stainless steel plate via friction stir welding. The microstructures at the lap joint interface were intensively examined by means of energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy analysis, and the mechanical properties of the lap joint were evaluated by a microhardness and shear tensile test. The results show swirling-like stir zones of TC4 and 304 SS are formed along the interface, where an aprox. 200 nm interface layer composed of TiFe and TiFe2 intermetallic compound is dispersed at the high rotating speed of the tool. In addition, the high hardness value is discontinuous distribution at the interface, and the shear strength of the commercially TC4 plate and 304 SS FSW lap joint can reach 7507 N at a rotational speed of 600 rpm, a welding speed of 30 mm/min, and a press amount of 0.4 mm.

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Tsuboi, Hiroto, Shinya Hagiwara, Hiromitsu Asashima, Hiroyuki Takahashi, Tomoya Hirota, Hisashi Noma, Hisanori Umehara, et al. "Comparison of performance of the 2016 ACR-EULAR classification criteria for primary Sjögren's syndrome with other sets of criteria in Japanese patients." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 76, no. 12 (March 22, 2017): 1980–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-210758.

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ObjectivesTo compare the performance of the new 2016 American College of Rheumatology (ACR)-European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) classification criteria for primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) with 1999 revised Japanese Ministry of Health criteria for diagnosis of SS (JPN), 2002 American-European Consensus Group classification criteria for SS (AECG) and 2012 ACR classification criteria for SS (ACR) in Japanese patients.MethodsThe study subjects were 499 patients with primary SS (pSS) or suspected pSS who were followed up in June 2012 at 10 hospitals in Japan. All patients had been assessed for all four criteria of JPN (pathology, oral, ocular, anti-SS-A/SS-B antibodies). The clinical diagnosis by the physician in charge was set as the ‘gold standard’.ResultspSS was diagnosed in 302 patients and ruled out in 197 patients by the physician in charge. The sensitivity of the ACR-EULAR criteria in the diagnosis of pSS (95.4%) was higher than those of the JPN, AECG and ACR (82.1%, 89.4% and 79.1%, respectively), while the specificity of the ACR-EULAR (72.1%) was lower than those of the three sets (90.9%, 84.3% and 84.8%, respectively). The differences of sensitivities and specificities between the ACR-EULAR and other three sets of criteria were statistically significant (p<0.001). Eight out of 302 patients with pSS and 11 cases out of 197 non-pSS cases satisfied only the ACR-EULAR criteria, compared with none of the other three sets.ConclusionsThe ACR-EULAR criteria had significantly higher sensitivity and lower specificity in diagnosis of pSS, compared with the currently available three sets of criteria.

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Dhaiveegan, P., N. Elangovan, T. Nishimura, and N. Rajendran. "Corrosion behavior of 316L and 304 stainless steels exposed to industrial-marine-urban environment: field study." RSC Advances 6, no. 53 (2016): 47314–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra04015b.

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The present investigation extensively compares the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical stability of 316L and 304 stainless steels (SS) exposed to an Industrial-Marine-Urban (IMU) environment for 3 years from April 2012–March 2015.

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Gupta, R. K., A. Kumar, P. Ganesh, and R. Kaul. "Failure Analysis of Stainless Steel Sheets of Heat Shield Assembly of a Vacuum Degassing Furnace." Practical Metallography 58, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 48–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pm-2020-0003.

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Abstract A twenty-five-year-old vacuum furnace is being used for degassing of ultra-high vacuum components. The heat shield assembly of the furnace comprised of one molybdenum (Mo) front sheet, followed by four 304 stainless steel (SS) sheets. During prolonged service of the furnace, SS sheets developed thick black oxide scale. As a part of refurbishment drive, the SS sheets were subjected to chemical cleaning in 20 % HNO3 + 1.5 % HF, which caused severe thinning along the edges of some sheets. Detailed analysis of a damaged SS sheet showed that the damage was caused by severe sensitization of edge region which underwent extensive intergranular corrosion during chemical cleaning. Important remedial measures suggested to avoid similar failures included: (i) use of type 316L or stabilized grades of austenitic SS sheets, (ii) use of two Mo front sheets in place of one and (iii) use of mechanical cleaning in place of chemical cleaning.

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Czachor, Rafał. "Review of a book: T. Hoch, V. Kopeček, De Facto States in Eurasia, Routledge, London-New York 2020." Wschód Europy. Studia humanistyczno-społeczne 7, no. 1 (October 6, 2021): 213–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/we.2021.7.1.213-217.

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Ahmed, Daniel, Martin Stattin, Anna-Maria Haas, Stefan Kickinger, Maximilian Gabriel, Alexandra Graf, Katharina Krepler, and Siamak Ansari-Shahrezaei. "The Diagnostic Capability of Swept Source OCT Angiography in Treatment-Naive Exudative Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration." Journal of Ophthalmology 2021 (February 16, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6695918.

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Purpose. To evaluate the capability of swept source-optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) in the detection and localization of treatment-naive macular neovascularization (MNV) secondary to exudative neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). Methods. In this prospective, observational case series, 158 eyes of 142 patients were diagnosed with exudative nAMD using fluorescein (FA) and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) and evaluated by SS-OCTA in a tertiary retina center (Rudolf Foundation Hospital Vienna, Austria). The main outcome measure was the sensitivity of SS-OCTA compared to the standard multimodal imaging approach. Secondary outcome measure was the anatomic analysis of MNV in relation to the retinal pigment epithelium. Results. En-face SS-OCTA confirmed a MNV in 126 eyes (sensitivity: 79.8%), leaving 32 eyes (20.2%) undetected. In 23 of these 32 eyes (71.9%), abnormal flow in cross-sectional SS-OCTA B-scans was identified, giving an overall SS-OCTA sensitivity of 94.3%. Eyes with a pigment epithelium detachment (PED) ≥ 300 μm had a smaller probability for correct MNV detection ( p = 0.015 ). Type 1 MNV showed a trend ( p = 0.051 ) towards smaller probability for the correct detection compared to all other subtypes. Other relevant factors for the nondetection of MNV in SS-OCTA were image artifacts present in 3 of 32 eyes (9.4%). SS-OCTA confirmed the anatomic localization of 93 in 126 MNVs as compared to FA (sensitivity: 73.8%). There was no influence of age, gender, pseudophakia, visual acuity, central foveal thickness, or subfoveal choroidal thickness on the detection rate of MNV. Conclusions. SS-OCTA remains inferior to dye-based angiography in the detection rate of exudative nAMD consistent with type 1 MNV and a PED ≥300 µm. The capability to combine imaging modalities and distinguish the respective MNV subtype improves its diagnostic value.

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Nogalski, Zenon, Maciej Starczewski, Cezary Purwin, Paulina Pogorzelska-Przybyłek, Monika Sobczuk-Szul, and Monika Modzelewska-Kapituła. "Carcass and Meat Quality Traits in Young Bulls Fed Virginia Fanpetals Silage." Annals of Animal Science 20, no. 3 (July 1, 2020): 1127–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2020-0033.

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AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of Virginia fanpetals (Sida hermaphrodita) silage on carcass and beef quality characteristics. Forty Polish Holstein-Friesian bulls aged 16 months were assigned to 4 dietary treatments (n=10) and were fed different types of silage during a 7-month fattening period. The proportion (g/kg dry matter) of silage in the diets was as follows: (1) grass silage (GS) (600); (2) Sida silage (SS) (600); (3) SS (300) and GS (300); and (4) SS (300) and maize silage (MS) (300). Silage was supplemented with concentrate at 400 g/kg DM in each diet. The animals were slaughtered at the end of the fattening period. Silage type had no significant effect on BWG or feed to gain ratio. The carcasses of bulls fed Sida silage and maize silage received higher scores for conformation than the carcasses of bulls fed grass silage (P<0.05). The meat of bulls fed Sida silage had the lowest value of Warner-Bratzler shear force. Meat from SS+MS group bulls had the highest intramuscular fat (IMF) content and was lightest in color, whereas meat from bulls fed Sida silage and grass silage received the highest scores for color uniformity, aroma, taste and overall acceptability.

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Hamad, Qahtan A., Fatimah J. Al-Hasani, and Noor K. Faheed. "Comparative Study of Biotin and Hydroxyapatite on Biological Properties of Composite Coating." International Journal of Biomaterials 2022 (September 26, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8802111.

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The ultimate goal of using biomaterials is to improve human health by restoring the function of natural living tissues and organs in the body. The present work aims to modify the composite coating layer properties by using two different types of bioactive reinforcing materials (biotin and hydroxyapatite) particles in different percentages (5% and 10%). Coatings were applied onto commercially pure Ti, SS 316 L, and SS 304 substrates by the dip-coating method. Characterization of samples includes microstructure observation by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), contact angle measurement (wettability), and MTT. The results show the addition of metallic particles (bioparticles) (hydroxyapatite particles, biotin) at 5 Vol. % improved the whole properties of composite materials. Using different particles’ scale size aids to enhance the combinations in the alginate matrix producing a dual effect on composite film properties. In addition, the inclusion of metallic particles has to increase the wettability by reducing the contact angle. At the same time, MTT graphs revealed that after 3 days of exposure in MG-63 cells, 316 L SS alloys’ surface following pack adhesion became more active.

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Rosidah, Afira Ainur, Vuri Ayu Setyowati, Suheni Suheni, and Rafly Rijayanto. "The effect of time variation on the steels corrosion rate in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution." Journal of Mechanical Engineering, Science, and Innovation 1, no. 2 (October 31, 2021): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31284/j.jmesi.2021.v1i2.2183.

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Previous researches have carried out studying the corrosion behavior of steels, the most frequently used steels are medium carbon steel, alloy steel, and stainless steel. This is due to their wide range of applications. So, corrosion behavior is necessary to be analyzed for every steel type because of its wide function. This study was aimed to analyze the corrosion rate, macrostructure, and the XRD results of the AISI 1045, AISI 4140, and SS 304 which represent every steel type. Then, the steels were exposed to the 0.5M H2SO4 solution with various corrosion times. The variation of the corrosion time was 48, 96, and 144 hours. The results of this study revealed that AISI 1045 showed the highest corrosion rate with the value of 183.7 mpy at 144 hours of the time variation. All specimens obtained an increase in the corrosion rate with the increase in the corrosion time. Furthermore, for the macrostructure results, AISI 1045 and AISI 4140 gave obvious rust on the surface of the specimens for all time variation. The corrosion spots appear in the time variation of 96 and 144 hours for SS 304 specimens. XRD analysis confirmed the presence of metal oxides as corrosion products.

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Najtkowski, Bartłomiej. "Z nostalgią o futbolu." Studia Europaea Gnesnensia 24, no. 24 (December 27, 2022): 207–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/seg.2022.24.14.

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Bonora, Alessandro, Anna Venturoli, Melissa Venturi, Alexandra Boini, and Luca Corelli Grappadelli. "Fruit maturity and antioxidant activity affecting superficial scald development in ‘Abate Fétel’ pears." Advances in Horticultural Science 37, no. 1 (December 14, 2022): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/ahsc-13902.

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Superficial scald (SS) is one of the main physiological disorders affecting postharvest of pears. Its onset is linked to oxidative processes. Antioxidant compounds such as ascorbic acid and phenolics could play a key role in preventing SS. Growing environment and fruit quality also have an influence on SS symptoms occurrence. The aim of this project is to understand the relationship between antioxidant activity, phenolic content, and development of SS in ‘Abate Fétel’ pear. Moreover, the effect on SS of fruit maturity at harvest was assessed using multivariate statistical approach. Data were collected in thirty orchards in the Emilia-Romagna region (Italy) in three seasons (2018, 2019 and 2020), and the fruit were stored in a regular atmosphere for 120 days. Antioxidant capacity was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazy (DPPH) method and total phenol content by Folin-Ciocalteau colorimetric protocol. The results showed that 340 mg of ascorbate/100 g of FW and 300 mg of gallic ac./100 g of FW at least provide good protection against SS. Multivariate analysis indicated that pulp firmness and index of absorbance difference ( lAD ) seem to keep low the SS occurence, when at harvest are higher than 6.3 kg and 1.9, respesctively. In conclusion, it would be possible to build a forecasting model to control SS that considers pre-harvest data and content of antioxidants in different orchards, to improve the postharvest management of ‘Abate Fétel’.

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Mulimbayan, Francis, and Manolo G. Mena. "Electrochemical Investigation of the Effects of Acid Concentration and Dissolved Oxygen on the Corrosion Behavior of Austenitic Low-Nickel Stainless Steels in Citric Acid." Applied Mechanics and Materials 835 (May 2016): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.835.115.

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All materials which are intended to have in contact with food and other commodities produced or processed for human consumption are called food contact materials (FCM’s). Stainless steel (SS) – a widely known metallic FCM is used mainly in processing equipment, containers and household utensils. It is known for having numerous industrial and domestic applications worldwide due to its special characteristics of having notable corrosion resistance. However, this corrosion resistance is not all-encompassing since SS may still undergo degradation when subjected to a specific corrosion-inducing environment. SS may be classified according to its microstructure. If the atoms which make up the SS can be viewed as having a face-centered cubic structure, then the alloy is said to be austenitic. This SS grades include the conventional 300-series and the newly-developed 200-series. The former has superior corrosion resistance while the latter is far cheaper. In this study, the corrosion behavior of AISI 202 SS in two different levels of dissolved oxygen (O2) and three acid concentrations was investigated using electrochemical techniques, namely, open-circuit potential (OCP) measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). As the concentration of citric acid is increased, the measured OCP values of the alloy decreased and the polarization resistance (Rp) decreased, indicating decrease in alloy stability and decline in the corrosion resistance, respectively. With regards to effects of dissolved O2, results revealed that increasing the level of dissolved O2 has consequently increased the polarization resistance and shifted the OCP to more positive values. All the generated Nyquist plots exhibited a depressed capacitive loops indicating that corrosion in the designated solution occurred with charge transfer as the rate-determining step.

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Baluk, Walenty. "Ukraiński polonofil. Pamięci Bohdana Osadczuka, red. I. Hofman, Wydawnictwo UMCS, Lublin 2012, ss. 302." Nowa Polityka Wschodnia 5, no. 2 (December 31, 2013): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/npw2013218.

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Grabowska, Dorota. "Słownik biograficzny nauczycieli Wielkopolski Wschodniej, red. P. Gołdyn, t. I, Konin 2012, ss. 300." Biuletyn Historii Wychowania, no. 29 (February 4, 2019): 178–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/bhw.2013.29.21.

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Stankiewicz, Wojciech. "Szymon Niedziela, Konflikty i napięcia w świecie arabskim, Wydawnictwo Dialog, Warszawa 2012, ss. 302." Studia Orientalne 6, no. 2 (2014): 277–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/so2014219.

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Fiscer, Peter M., and Teresa Bürge. "The New Swedish Cyprus Expedition (The Söderberg Expedition): Excavations at Hala Sultan Tekke 2020 and 2021. Preliminary results." Opuscula. Annual of the Swedish Institutes at Athens and Rome 15 (November 15, 2022): 7–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.30549/opathrom-15-02.

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In 2020 and 2021, the eleventh and twelfth seasons of excavations at the Late Bronze Age city of Hala Sultan Tekke were carried out in the cemetery of Area A. Based on indications provided by a large-scale magnetometer survey, two tombs exposed by intensive farming were located, Tombs RR and SS. The excavation of Tomb RR, which had started in 2018, was concluded. The total minimum number (MNI) of skeletons in this tomb, of which most were incomplete and disarticulated, is estimated at 137. In addition to clay figurines, seals and scarabs, objects of ivory, as well as jewellery of gold, silver, bronze, faience and carnelian, the inhumations are associated with more than 100 intact or complete ceramic vessels, many of them imported from the Mycenaean, Minoan, Hittite and Levantine spheres of culture. The pottery indicates a LC II(A/)B–C1 date of the inhumations, i.e., covering the 14th and the beginning of the 13th centuries BC. The excavations of the adjacent Tomb SS began in 2020 and has been concluded in May 2022. It contained a minimum of eleven inhumations, most of them (almost) complete and articulated, and large deposits of Cypriot and imported pottery, in total over 300 vessels mainly from the LC (I–)IIB, i.e., from the 16th/15th to mainly the 14th centuries BC. These contexts not only offer an insight into the complex Late Cypriot mortuary practices and funerary rituals but also reflect the urban élites with far-reaching inter-cultural connections.

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Lee, B. W., E. J. Kwon, Y. Park, J. J. Lee, S. H. Park, and S. K. Kwok. "AB0619 PREDICTORS FOR FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS IN KOREAN SJÖGREN’S SYNDROME PATIENTS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 82, Suppl 1 (May 30, 2023): 1511.1–1511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2023-eular.4636.

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BackgroundSjögren’s syndrome (SS) can occur alone or in combination with other autoimmune diseases. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the most common autoimmune disease associated with SS. The prognosis of SS is generally better than that of SLE. However, the onset of SLE in these patients may be one of the factors that increase mortality.ObjectivesThis study determined the impact of demographic factors, clinical manifestations, disease activity, and serological tests at baseline on future SLE development in Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) patients.MethodsThis retrospective study assessed 1,082 SS patients without other autoimmune diseases at baseline who visited our hospital between January 2012 and March 2021. We analyzed demographic features, extra-glandular manifestations (EGMs), clinical indices, and laboratory values at baseline between the two groups divided per future SLE development (SS/SLE group vs. SS group). The probability and predictors of SLE development in SS patients were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsThe median follow-up duration was 1083.5 days. Forty-nine patients (4.5%) developed SLE that met the 2012 Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics or 2019 EULAR/ACR classification criteria. The baseline EULAR SS disease activity index (ESSDAI) score was significantly higher in the SS/SLE group (p<0.001). The SS/SLE group had more lymphadenopathy and renal involvement (p=0.015 andp=0.017, respectively). Shorter SS disease duration (<3 years) (hazard ratio [HR]=2.61,p=0.012), high ESSDAI (HR=3.04,p=0.024), leukopenia (HR=2.20,p=0.017), hypocomplementemia (HR=17.40,p<0.0001), and positive for anti-dsDNA (HR=19.93,p<0.0001), anti-ribonucleoprotein (RNP) (HR=2.96,p=0.025), and anti-ribosomal P (HR=2.74,p=0.048) at baseline were SLE development predictors in SS patients.ConclusionShorter disease duration and higher disease activity of SS at baseline may be risk factors for future SLE development. Serologic predictors of SLE development are hypocomplementemia, leukopenia, and positivity for anti-dsDNA, anti-RNP, and anti-ribosomal P antibodies. If the above factors are observed, close monitoring will be necessary during the follow-up period, considering the possibility of future SLE development.References[1]Lazarus MN and Isenberg DA. Development of additional autoimmune diseases in a population of patients with primary Sjogren’s syndrome.Ann Rheum Dis. 2005; 64: 1062-4.[2]Pasoto SG, Adriano de Oliveira Martins V and Bonfa E. Sjogren’s syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus: links and risks.Open Access Rheumatol. 2019; 11: 33-45Figure 1.Comparison of disease activity (by ESSDAI score) and extraglandular manifestations (EGMs) at baseline between SS/SLE group and SS group.AcknowledgementsNo acknowledgements to declare.Disclosure of InterestsNone Declared.

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Dewangan, Saurabh, Saksham Saksham, Adhir Chandra Paul, and Jaka Burja. "A Comparative Analysis among Quenched, Tempered, and Stepped Cooled TIG Welded SS-304 Plates Based on Tensile Strength, Hardness, and Microstructural Appearance." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2023 (April 14, 2023): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/5523162.

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The present experimental work critically analyses the changes in microstructural orientation and mechanical properties of TIG (tungsten inert gas) welded AISI-304 (SS) plates which have undergone through various heat treatments. The characteristics of heat-treated samples have been compared with those of untreated samples which is denoted by the original sample in this study. Five SS-304 plates were welded by the TIG method. Out of five, four plates were heat treated and one plate was put in the original condition. Four heat treatment includes quenching, stepped heat treating (sand + water), tempering-1 (quick quench then sand cooling), and tempering-2 (quick quench then air cooling). In all the five plates, the tensile test and microhardness test have been performed. In addition, microscopic observation of cross-sectional surfaces has also been carried out. The base metal (BM) zone of all five plates mainly consists of equiaxed γ-grains, although twin can be observed only in the original sample. The heat-affected zone (HAZ) imparts both lathy and dendritic type δ-ferrite at the transition of the BM and welded zone (WZ). At the welded zone, the γ-matrix has become coarse with numerous spots and dendrites of δ-ferrite could be seen. Sample 3, tempered by means by water sprinkling for a very short time and then cooling in sand, has shown satisfactory results among all. The sample has achieved the 23% higher extension value and 10% higher hardness at WZ than these of the original sample, although a negligible loss (0.2%) of ultimate tensile strength (UTS) is also reported in sample 3.

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Wysocki, Ks Artur. "Janusz Mariański, Godność ludzka w narracji społecznej. Studium socjopedagogiczne, Wydawnictwo KUL, Lublin 2021, ss. 302." Uniwersyteckie Czasopismo Socjologiczne 30, no. 2 (January 21, 2023): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/ucs.2022.30.2.08.

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Cai, Yong Qing, Xiao Xiang Yang, and Bing Wei He. "Effect of Surface Texture Molded by a Stainless Steel Mesh on the Invisalign Material Friction Coefficient." Advanced Materials Research 1090 (February 2015): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1090.55.

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Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of surface texture mold by stainless steel (SS) mesh on Invisalign material friction coefficient. Materials and methods: Ten kinds of SS mesh were used to mold surface texture on Invisalign material. Experiments were conducted using a zirconia ball that slid against Invisalign material plates with different surface textures. In the experiments, the coefficients of friction under normal loads of 100, 200, and 300 g under dry and artificial saliva conditions were recorded. Results: The coefficient of friction was relative to the pore size and wire diameter of SS mesh. Conclusions: The Invisalign material coefficient can be effectively managed by the surface texture mold by SS mesh.

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Ruchniewicz, Małgorzata. "Za pierwszych Sowietów. Pogranicze polsko-białoruskie w latach 1939–1941 w relacjach ustnych mieszkańców Białorusi, red. Aleksander Smalianczuk, Warszawa 2021, ss. 460." Wrocławski Rocznik Historii Mówionej 11 (December 23, 2021): 336–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.26774/wrhm.308.

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Świechowski, Kacper, Martyna Hnat, Paweł Stępień, Sylwia Stegenta-Dąbrowska, Szymon Kugler, Jacek A. Koziel, and Andrzej Białowiec. "Waste to Energy: Solid Fuel Production from Biogas Plant Digestate and Sewage Sludge by Torrefaction-Process Kinetics, Fuel Properties, and Energy Balance." Energies 13, no. 12 (June 18, 2020): 3161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13123161.

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Sustainable solutions are needed to manage increased energy demand and waste generation. Renewable energy production from abundant sewage sludge (SS) and digestate (D) from biogas is feasible. Concerns about feedstock contamination (heavy metals, pharmaceuticals, antibiotics, and antibiotic-resistant bacteria) in SS and D limits the use (e.g., agricultural) of these carbon-rich resources. Low temperature thermal conversion that results in carbonized solid fuel (CSF) has been proposed as sustainable waste utilization. The aim of the research was to investigate the feasibility of CSF production from SS and D via torrefaction. The CSF was produced at 200~300 °C (interval of 20 °C) for 20~60 min (interval 20 min). The torrefaction kinetics and CSF fuel properties were determined. Next, the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of SS and D torrefaction were used to build models of energy demand for torrefaction. Finally, the evaluation of the energy balance of CSF production from SS and D was completed. The results showed that torrefaction improved the D-derived CSF’s higher heating value (HHV) up to 11% (p < 0.05), whereas no significant HHV changes for SS were observed. The torrefied D had the highest HHV of 20 MJ∙kg−1 under 300 °C and 30 min, (the curve fitted value from the measured time periods) compared to HHV = 18 MJ∙kg−1 for unprocessed D. The torrefied SS had the highest HHV = 14.8 MJ∙kg−1 under 200 °C and 20 min, compared to HHV 14.6 MJ∙kg−1 for raw SS. An unwanted result of the torrefaction was an increase in ash content in CSF, up to 40% and 22% for SS and D, respectively. The developed model showed that the torrefaction of dry SS and D could be energetically self-sufficient. Generating CSF with the highest HHV requires raw feedstock containing ~15.4 and 45.9 MJ∙kg−1 for SS and D, respectively (assuming that part of feedstock is a source of energy for the process). The results suggest that there is a potential to convert biogas D to CSF to provide renewable fuel for, e.g., plants currently fed/co-fed with municipal solid waste.

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Maroco, João, Miguel Tecedeiro, Pedro Martins, and Ana Meireles. "O Burnout como factor hierárquico de 2ª ordem da Escala de Burnout de Maslach." Análise Psicológica 26, no. 4 (December 10, 2012): 639–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.14417/ap.523.

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As qualidades psicométricas da escala de burnout de Maslach para estudantes (Maslach Burnout Inventory – Student Survey: MBI-SS) de Schaufeli et al. (2002) foram avaliadas numa amostra por conveniência de 300 estudantes universitários. A estrutura tri-factorial (Descrença, Exaustão e Eficácia Profissional) proposta pelos autores da MBI-SS apresentou reduzida validade factorial e consistência interna aceitável (αestratificado=0.79) na amostra sob estudo. Atendendo às correlações significativas entre os 3 factores da MBI-SS, à assimetria dos itens, e à qualidade do modelo de medida, procedeu-se ao refinamento da escala para uma estrutura factorial onde os 3 factores originais definem um factor de 2ª ordem, denominado “burnout”. A MBI-SS modificada apresentou elevada validade factorial e elevada consistência interna (αestratificado0.83).

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Tanno, K., S. Ishizuka, S. Higuchi, and N. Ohnaka. "Stress Corrosion Cracking of Sensitized AISI 304 Stainless Steel in High-Temperature Sodium Sulfate Solutions." Corrosion 42, no. 9 (September 1, 1986): 559–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/1.3583070.

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Abstract The susceptibility of sensitized AISI 304 stainless steel (SS) to intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) was studied in 0.01 M Na2SO4 solution at temperatures ranging from 100 to 250 C under constant load conditions. The susceptibility increased in the middle of the passive potential at 150 and 175 C and in the transpassive potential at 200 and 250 C. IGSCC nucleated from the crevice corrosion (CC) around a pinhole of a flat tensile specimen occurred over a wide range of potentials at 100 C and in the transpassive potential range at temperatures ranging from 125 to 175 C. IGSCC was significantly accelerated by an artificial crevice. The susceptibility was discussed from the nature of (1) the passive film and (2) environmental solution.

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Sitek, Anna. "Alicja Szerląg, Krystyna Dziubacka (red.), Przestrzenie krajobrazu kulturowego wsi, Oficyna Wydawnicza ATUT, Wrocław 2012, ss. 302." Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie 18, no. 1 (December 31, 2013): 481–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/ksm201337.

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Kupis, Patryk. "Kamil Zeidler (red.), Blade Runner. O prawach quasi-człowieka. Gdańsk: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego, 2021, ss. 301." Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny 84, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 243–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/rpeis.2022.84.2.16.

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Van Blankenstein, J. H., C. J. Slager, J. C. Schuurbiers, S. Strikwerda, and P. D. Verdouw. "Heart function after injection of small air bubbles in coronary artery of pigs." Journal of Applied Physiology 75, no. 3 (September 1, 1993): 1201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1993.75.3.1201.

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By its nature, vaporization of atherosclerotic plaques by laser irradiation or spark erosion may produce a substantial amount of gas. To evaluate the effect of gas embolism possibly caused by vaporization techniques, air bubbles with diameters of 75, 150, or 300 microns, each in a volume of 2 microliters/kg, were selectively injected subproximal in the left anterior descending coronary artery of seven anesthetized pigs (28 +/- 3 kg). Systemic hemodynamics such as heart rate, left ventricular pressure and its peak positive first derivative, and mean arterial pressure did not change after air injection, whereas there was a minor change in peak negative first derivative of left ventricular pressure. After injection of air bubbles there was a maximal relative reduction of systolic segment shortening (SS) in the myocardium supplied by the left anterior descending coronary artery of 27, 45, and 58% for 75-, 150-, and 300-microns bubbles, respectively, and a relative increase of postsystolic SS (PSS) of 148, 200, and 257% for 75-, 150-, and 300-microns bubbles, respectively. Recovery of SS and PSS started after 2 min and was completed after 10 min. A difference in SS and PSS changes between different bubble size injections could be demonstrated. From this study it is clear that depression of regional myocardial function after injection of air bubbles could pass unnoticed on the basis of global hemodynamic measurements.

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Wang, Bin, Lijuan Cai, Bin Lin, Qiongxiao He, and Xuejun Ding. "Effect of Pulse Indicator Continuous Cardiac Output Monitoring on Septic Shock Patients: A Meta-Analysis." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2022 (April 16, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8604322.

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Background. Septic shock (SS) is the most common severe syndrome in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Enhancing the monitoring of hemodynamic indexes in SS patients carries huge clinical implications for reducing patient mortality. Recently, pulse indicator continuous cardiac output (PICCO) has been widely used in clinical practice, but its advantages than central venous pressure (CVP) in guiding the treatment of SS patients remains to be refined. Therefore, this study is aimed at assessing the clinical effects of PICCO in the treatment of patients with SS. Methods. The authors systematically searched several databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge) between January 2001 and February 2021. When searching for relevant articles, the authors combined the following phrases describing the monitoring group (“pulse indicator continuous cardiac output,” “central venous pressure”) with the disease of interest as well as management (“SS,” “sepsis”). The outcomes were independently assessed by two reviewers who scored the articles for methodological quality using the Cochrane Collaboration’s “risk of bias” tool. Forest plots, as well as sensitivity and bias analyses, were carried out for the included articles. The primary outcome measures were length of ICU stay, duration of mechanical ventilation, 28-day mortality, and fluid resuscitation volume. Results. Ten studies comprising 350 cases monitored with PICCO and 373 cases monitored with traditional CVP were eventually identified. PICCO-monitored patients were observed to be significantly associated with shorter ICU stay than CVP-monitored patients (MD: −3.04, 95% CI: −4.74 to −1.34, P = 0.0005 ), shorter time of mechanical ventilation (MD: −1.84, 95% CI: −2.80 to −0.87, P = 0.0002 ), and lower 28-day mortality (RR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.48 to 0.94, P = 0.02 ). The two groups showed no significant difference in subgroup analysis for fluid resuscitation volumes ( P > 0.05 ). Conclusion. PICCO monitoring technique can significantly improve the prognosis of SS patients, shorten the time of mechanical ventilation and ICU stay, and reduce the 28-day mortality, which has positive guiding significance for patients with SS. Given the limitations of the quantity and quality of included studies, further research is warranted to verify the conclusions.

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Pulka, Jakub, Piotr Manczarski, Jacek Koziel, and Andrzej Białowiec. "Torrefaction of Sewage Sludge: Kinetics and Fuel Properties of Biochars." Energies 12, no. 3 (February 12, 2019): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12030565.

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We propose a ‘Waste to Carbon’ thermal transformation of sewage sludge (SS) via torrefaction to a valuable product (fuel) with a high content of carbon. One important, technological aspect to develop this concept is the determination of activation energy needed for torrefaction. Thus, this research aimed to evaluate the kinetics of SS torrefaction and determine the effects of process temperature on fuel properties of torrefied products (biochars). Torrefaction was performed using high ash content SS at six (200~300 °C) temperatures and 60 min residence (process) time. Mass loss during torrefaction ranged from 10~20%. The resulting activation energy for SS torrefaction was ~12.007 kJ·mol−1. Initial (unprocessed) SS higher heating value (HHV) was 13.5 MJ·kg−1. However, the increase of torrefaction temperature decreased HHV from 13.4 to 3.8 MJ·kg−1. Elemental analysis showed a significant decrease of the H/C ratio that occurred during torrefaction, while the O/C ratio fluctuated with much smaller differences. Although the activation energy was significantly lower compared with lignocellulosic materials, low-temperature SS torrefaction technology could be explored for further SS stabilization and utilization (e.g., dewatering and hygienization).

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Bastidas, Jose Maria. "2021 Frank Newman Speller Award: Corrosion Mechanisms of Steel and Copper in Engineering Applications." Corrosion 77, no. 12 (October 28, 2021): 1248–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/3916.

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The main research lines of the scientific career of the author are herein, exemplified including corrosion and protection mechanisms of steel in different environments, and copper corrosion in climate systems. Stainless steel (SS) due to its high corrosion resistance is a material widely used for many engineering applications. Impedance measurements were performed on polarized specimens at the pitting region of Type 304 SS in environment containing chloride at 25°C and 60°C. The transfer function was analyzed, indicating instability system, corroborating results obtained using the Kramers-Kronig transforms. Steel reinforcement has been studied for structural applications in civil engineering and architecture using cementitious materials, alkaline-activated fly ash (AAFA), an alternative to the ordinary Portland cement (OPC). The main compounds used as corrosion inhibitors in concrete were included. Carbon steel embedded in OPC mortar was tested in the presence of phosphates as corrosion inhibitors. An organic lacquer was applied to tinplate with titanium-passivation treatment and, in general, acceptable and comparable behavior was obtained to conventional chromium-passivated lacquered tinplate. Copper is also a material used in many engineering applications. Ant-nest corrosion of copper tubing in air-conditioning systems has been reported. The copper corrosion rates occasioned by carboxylic acids, formic, acetic, propionic, and butyric, were included.

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Vasiliadis, Angelo V., Timothy Lording, Robin Canetti, Elvire Servien, Sébastien Lustig, and Cécile Batailler. "How often do we need offset stems for revision total knee arthroplasty? About a consecutive series of 789 knees." SICOT-J 9 (2023): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/sicotj/2023012.

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Introduction: This study aimed to determine the incidence of offset stem usage in revision total knee arthroplasty (rTKA), and to assess the necessity for their use with the femoral and tibial components. Methods: This retrospective radiological study included 862 patients who underwent rTKA between 2010 and 2022. Patients were divided into a non-stem group (group NS), offset stem group (group OS), and straight stem group (group SS). Two senior orthopedic surgeons evaluated all the post-operative radiographs of the group OS to assess the necessity of offset use. Results: In total, 789 patients met all eligibility inclusion criteria and were reviewed (305 males (38.7%)) with a mean age of 72.7 ± 10.2 years old [39; 96]. Eighty-eight (11.1%) patients had undergone rTKA with offset stems (34 tibia, 31 femur, 24 both) and 609 (70.2%) with straight stems. The tibial and femoral stems were diaphyseal of over 75 mm in 83 revisions (94.3%) for group OS and 444 revisions (72.9%) for group SS (p < 0.001). Offset in the tibial component was located medially in 50% of rTKA, while the offset in the femoral component was placed anteriorly in 47.3% of the rTKA. Assessment by the two independent senior surgeons found stems were only necessary in 3.4% of cases. Offset stems were only required for the tibial implant. Discussion: Offset stems were used in 11.1% of revision total knee replacements, however, they were deemed necessary in 3.4% and for the tibial component only.

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Naidu, Muvvala Chinnam, K. T. Balaram Padal, and Girma Eshete. "Influence of Heat-Treated and Vibratory-Assisted Weld Joints on the Mechanical Properties of 304L SS Material." Journal of Nanomaterials 2022 (September 26, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1000859.

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Tensile and impact strengths of 304L SS stainless steel weldment prepared at different levels of heat treatments and with vibratory assistance were studied and compared with the conventional process of welding. The results reveal that the microstructures of weld joints after heat treatment and vibratory welded joints attained a fine grain structure, compared with the joints prepared with the conventional process of welding. By increasing the temperature of quenching and vibrations during welding, the grain size is gradually improving. Improvement in the tensile and impact is observed in the heat-treated and vibration-welded specimens. Similarity, in the weld joint properties of post weld heat treatment (PWHT) and vibratory-assisted welding (VAW) are observed. With the VAW technique, high quality weldments are produced and are more suitable than PWHT due to its less cost and time.

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Huang, Jinhai, Yuyu Zhao, Giacomo Savini, Guanshun Yu, Jinjin Yu, Zhongxing Chen, Ruixue Tu, and Yune Zhao. "Reliability of a New Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Biometer in Healthy Children, Adults, and Cataract Patients." Journal of Ophthalmology 2020 (May 16, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8946364.

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Purpose. To comprehensively assess the reliability of a new optical biometer (IOLMaster 700), based on swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) and comparison with a standard biometer (IOLMaster 500), in healthy children, adults, and cataract patients. Methods. A total of 301 eyes from 301 consecutive subjects were enrolled prospectively. Two experienced operators measured each eye three times consecutively with the IOLMaster 700. The axial length (AL), keratometry (K), anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT), central corneal thickness (CCT), and white-to-white (WTW) distance were recorded. Intraoperator repeatability and interoperator reproducibility of the IOLMaster 700 were analyzed using the test-retest (TRT), coefficients of variation (CoV), and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). The agreement between the two devices was evaluated using the Bland–Altman method. Results. The repeatability and reproducibility of the SS-OCT optical biometer were high for all ocular biometry parameters in all groups, except for the WTW in cataract patients (TRT, 0.27–0.44 mm; ICC, 0.86–0.95). The reproducibility of averaged measurements from three consecutive readings (TRT : AL = 0.02 mm, CCT = 5.41 μm, ACD = 0.03 mm, LT = 0.03 mm, Km = 0.17 D, and WTW = 0.22 mm) was higher than the reproducibility of single measurements (TRT : AL = 0.04 mm, CCT = 7.43 μm, ACD = 0.06 mm, LT = 0.05 mm, Km = 0.26 D, and WTW = 0.35 mm) in the three groups. The consistency in the data between the two biometers was high, with narrow 95% LoAs in the three groups. Conclusion. Repeatability and reproducibility of the new SS-OCT optical biometer were excellent and consistent with that of the standard biometer with respect to healthy children, healthy adults, and cataract patients.

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Chowdhury, Mohammad Asaduzzaman, Dewan Muhammad Nuruzzaman, and Mohammad Lutfar Rahaman. "Frictional Characteristics of Steel Materials Sliding against Mild Steel." Advanced Materials Research 903 (February 2014): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.903.33.

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In this study, friction coefficients of different steel materials are investigated and compared. Experiments are carried out when different types of steel discs such as stainless steel 201 (SS 201), stainless steel 301 (SS 301) and mild steel slide against mild steel pin. Experiments are conducted at normal load 5, 7.5 and 10 N, sliding velocity 0.5, 0.75 and 1 m/s and relative humidity 70%. The effects of duration of rubbing on the friction coefficient of different steel materials are investigated. Results show that during friction process, test disc takes less time to stabilize with the increased normal load or sliding velocity. It is found that friction coefficient decreases with the increase in normal load while it increases with the increase in sliding velocity for all the tested materials. As a comparison, it is found that at identical operating conditions, friction coefficients are different for different steel materials depending on normal load or sliding velocity.

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Lu, Yongxin, Binhua Zhang, Pengjun Wen, Yuwei Zhou, Hongfeng Feng, Hongduo Wang, Xueli Xu, Xiao Li, and Xiaoyong Zhang. "Influence of welding parameters on the interface temperature field of TC4 titanium alloys/304 stainless steel friction stir lap joints." Materials Testing 65, no. 4 (April 1, 2023): 479–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mt-2022-0290.

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Abstract The welding parameters optimization of TC4 titanium alloys/304 stainless steel (TC4/304 SS) by friction stir lap welding (FSLW) based on orthogonal test was researched. The results show that when the rotating speed was constant, the area of the high temperature zone and the peak temperature decreased with the increase of the traversing speed; when the traversing speed was constant, the area of the high temperature zone and the peak temperature increased with the increasing rotating speed. Among them, under the condition of low heat input, the interface temperature was about 912 °C, the material at the interface cannot fully react, and there was no formation of a large amount of brittle and hard intermetallic compounds; under the condition of medium heat input, the interface temperature was about 930 °C, this temperature caused a large amount of brittle and hard intermetallic compounds at the interface; under high heat input, the interface temperature was about 975 °C, a large number of intermetallic compounds were not formed at the interface.

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Belov, A., M. Kryachko, O. Chertovskikh, and A. Ivanov. "CALCULATION OF THE STRUCTURAL MATERIALS ACTIVATION BY A FUSION NEUTRON FLUX WITH BPSD CODE." PROBLEMS OF ATOMIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. SERIES: NUCLEAR AND REACTOR CONSTANTS 2021, no. 4 (December 26, 2021): 47–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.55176/2414-1038-2021-4-47-62.

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The calculation of activation inventories is one of the key aspects in nuclear plants simulation. Burnup calculations provide information not only about fuel actinides transmutation but also about impact of fuel/constructor materials/coolant impurities on the material. The inventory evolution also determines radiological response of a material by nuclides production/decay rates quantification. Results of the isotopic kinetics code BPSD for activity and afterheat calculation validation by means of direct comparison afterheat obtained by code BPSD with experimental data obtained due to steel SS-304 and steel SS-316 samples irradiation by fusion neutron spectra at the FNS facility and with results of FISPACT-II calculation are presented in this paper. BPSD code is intended for carrying of transmutation calculations of materials in fast neutron fluxes. Nuclides transformation chains are based on ROSFOND and ABBN-RF data. BPSD and FISPACT-II calculations results conform to each other. Differences in results could be explained by differences between transformation chains and by using different evaluation neutron data bases.

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Pulka, Jakub, Piotr Manczarski, Paweł Stępień, Marzena Styczyńska, Jacek A. Koziel, and Andrzej Białowiec. "Waste-to-Carbon: Is the Torrefied Sewage Sludge with High Ash Content a Better Fuel or Fertilizer?" Materials 13, no. 4 (February 20, 2020): 954. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13040954.

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Sewage sludge (SS) recycling is an important part of the proposed ‘circular economy’ concept. SS can be valorized via torrefaction (also known as ‘low-temperature pyrolysis’ or ‘roasting’). SS can, therefore, be considered a low-quality fuel or a source of nutrients essential for plant growth. Biochar produced by torrefaction of SS is a form of carbonized fuel or fertilizer. In this research, for the first time, we tested the feasibility of torrefaction of SS with high ash content for either fuel or organic fertilizer production. The research was conducted in 18 variants (six torrefaction temperatures between 200~300 °C, and three process residence times of 20, 40, 60 min) in 5 repetitions. Fuel and fertilizer properties and multiple regression analysis of produced biochar were conducted. The higher heating value (HHV) of raw SS was 21.2 MJ·kg−1. Produced biochar was characterized by HHV up to 12.85 MJ·kg−1 and lower H/C and O/C molar ratio. Therefore, torrefaction of SS with high ash content should not be considered as a method for improving the fuel properties. Instead, the production of fertilizer appears to be favorable. The torrefaction increased C, N, Mg, Ca, K, Na concentration in relation to raw SS. No significant (p < 0.05) influence of the increase of temperature and residence time on the increase of biogenic elements in biochar was found, however the highest biogenic element content, were found in biochar produced for 60 min, under the temperature ranging from 200 to 240 °C. Obtained biochars met the Polish regulatory criteria for mineral-organic fertilizer. Therefore SS torrefaction may be considered a feasible waste recycling technology. The calculation of torrefaction energy and the mass balance shows energy demand <2.5 GJ∙Mg−1 w.m., and the expected mass yield of the product, organic fertilizer, is ~178 kg∙Mg−1 w.m of SS. Further investigation should consider the scaling-up of the SS torrefaction process, with the application of other types of SSs.

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Journal articles on the topic 'SS 202/304'

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