Journal articles on the topic 'Sri Lanka Economic policy'
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Gandhi, Kajal. "Issue of Srilankans – An Overview." Trends in Banking, Accounting and Business 1, no. 1 (August 1, 2022): 43–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.46632/tbab/1/1/9.
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The crisis is said to have begun due to multiple compounding factors like tax cuts, money creation, and a nation-wide policy to shift to organic or biological farming, the 2019 Sri Lanka Easter bombings, and the impact of the COVID19 pandemic in Sri Lanka. In Jan 2021, the Sri Lankan Government declared officially that the country was hit by the worst economic crisis in its 73year history. On March 18, 2022 India extended a USD 1 billion line of credit to Sri Lanka on Thursday to help the country deal with the economic crisis
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Deyshappriya, N. P. Ravindra. "Sri Lanka–China Economic Relations in Comparative Perspective: Ample Room to Grow." China Report 55, no. 4 (November 2019): 364–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0009445519875235.
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The article examines recent trends in the economic relations between Sri Lanka and China focussing on trade, investment and tourism dimensions. Although bilateral economic ties between Sri Lanka and China have strengthened over time, the article demonstrates Sri Lanka’s low rank among China’s economic partners. For example, while China is the second-largest tourism partner of Sri Lanka in terms of tourist arrivals, Sri Lanka does not rank among even China’s top 25 tourist destinations. Consequently, the article recommends certain policy priorities to ensure mutually beneficial economic relations. With regards to tourism, it recommends promoting Sri Lanka’s brand on Chinese e-tourism websites and social media, introducing user-friendly tourist apps in Chinese, strengthening air connectivity and celebrating Chinese festivals. Similarly, trade and investment could be facilitated by stronger links with Chinese cities and connecting Sri Lankan students in China to the Chinese industry via internships and building commercial networks from the ground up.
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International Monetary Fund. "Sri Lanka: Recent Economic and Policy Developments." IMF Staff Country Reports 99, no. 136 (1999): i. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451823394.002.
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Athukorala, Prema-Chandra, and Sisira Jayasuriya. "Economic Policy Shifts in Sri Lanka: The Post-Conflict Development Challenge." Asian Economic Papers 12, no. 2 (June 2013): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/asep_a_00203.
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The end of the long civil war in Sri Lanka in 2009 generated widespread expectations of a peace dividend that would enable the country to embark on a period of sustained economic growth. Recent developments have dampened that optimism, however, rekindling fears that Sri Lanka's tale of missed opportunities may continue. After showing remarkable resilience during decades of war and conflict, the Sri Lankan economy has failed to capitalize on the window of opportunity presented by the end of the military conflict. In the aftermath of military victory, there has been a sharp reversal of trade liberalization and a marked shift back towards nationalist-populist state-centered economic policies, reflecting the pressures of resurgent nationalism, an unprecedented concentration of political power in a small ruling group, and the influence of some powerful vested interests. Unfortunately, a return to the failed past policies of inward-oriented development strategies offers no viable solutions for the problems confronting small, capital- and resource-poor countries in today's globalized world. Sri Lanka must change both its political practices and economic policies drastically and urgently to cope with the huge development challenges facing it in an environment of global economic turbulence.
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Anusha, P., and S. Vijesandiran. "An Empirical Analysis of the Effect of Agricultural Sector Determinants on Economic Growth in Sri Lanka." Business and Economic Research 12, no. 2 (June 19, 2022): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ber.v12i2.19823.
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The role of agriculture has been significantly emphasized in improving the living standard of the population and the economic framework of any country. Agriculture has been an important sector in Sri Lanka which contributes 7.4% to the GDP, 25.5% of the total labor force, and 20.62% to the foreign earnings and Livelihood Avenue for 2.1 million households in Sri Lanka. The contribution of agriculture sector determinants food, forestry, fishery, and livestock: to the GDP shows a declining trend during the last four decades. Therefore, this study attempts to examine the effect of these determinants on economic growth from 1987 to 2019. Secondary data was extracted from the Central Bank of Sri Lanka. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller and Phillips-Perron unit root tests confirmed that all the variables are stationary only at I(0) and I(1) and ARDL (3,4,4,3,4) model. The findings of the Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bound test show that livestock has a statistically significant impact on RGDP at a 5% significant level in the long run in Sri Lanka. The Error Correction version of the ARDL test found that a short run significantly positive effect of food production, forestry, and livestock on RGDP. Thus, the Sri Lankan government should prioritize in focusing on different subsector determinants to accelerate the economic growth in Sri Lanka. Further, Sri Lanka should take favorable policy decisions to ensure a sustainable agricultural system to challenge the future crises and shocks in the food safety of the population.
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Rathnayake, Chinthani, Bill Malcolm, Garry Griffith, and Alex Sinnette. "Trade Consequences of the Farm Production Regulation: The Glyphosate Ban in the Sri Lankan Tea Industry." Industria: Jurnal Teknologi dan Manajemen Agroindustri 11, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 81–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.industria.2022.011.02.1.
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Abstract Tea manufacturing is an important industry for the Sri Lankan economy because it generates foreign income, which adds to gross domestic product of the country and creates employment opportunities. Tea has been exported to several countries from Sri Lanka for over a century, and Sri Lanka remains a leading tea exporter to date. Recently, the Sri Lankan government issues a policy which disadvantages the tea industry in the country. The government banned the use of glyphosate in the agricultural sector from 2015 to 2018 which directly or indirectly affects the tea industry. The policy brought a consequence where the farmers used illegal substances and other weedicides to control the weed. These consequences placed the Sri Lankan tea industry at risk since their final product is contains high amount of residual weedicide which exceeds the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL). In this paper, we use The Equilibrium Displacement Model to study the economic impact of rejections of tea consignments by Japan due to the excess use of 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) in 2018. The demand of Sri Lankan bulk black tea by Japan has declined by 6.5% between 2017 and 2018. The estimated of the Sri Lankan tea industry from reduced demand for bulk black tea was Rs339 million. Keywords: tea industry, glyphosate ban, Sri Lanka Abstrak Teh adalah industri penting bagi perekonomian Sri Lanka karena menghasilkan devisa yang menambah produksi domestik bruto dan menciptakan lapangan kerja. Teh telah diekspor dari Sri Lanka selama lebih dari satu abad ke berbagai negara dan Sri Lanka tetap menjadi eksportir utama. Kebijakan pemerintah baru-baru ini yang memengaruhi sektor pertanian tidak menguntungkan bagi industri teh. Pelarangan penggunaan glifosat dari tahun 2015 hingga 2018 merupakan salah satu kebijakan yang berdampak signifikan terhadap industri teh, baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung. Konsekuensi penggunaan formulasi pengendali gulma ilegal dan herbisida alternatif menempatkan industri teh pada keadaan yang beresiko melalui konsekuensi tidak disengaja dari kehilangan akses ke pasar ekspor teh karena insiden mengenai kelebihan Batas Maksimum Residu. Dalam tulisan ini, dampak ekonomi dari penolakan pengiriman teh dari Jepang karena penggunaan 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) yang berlebihan pada tahun 2018 diselidiki dengan menggunakan Equilibrium Displacement Model pada industri teh. Permintaan ekspor Jepang untuk teh hitam curah turun 6,5% antara 2017 dan 2018. Perkiraan kerugian surplus ekonomi industri teh Sri Lanka dari penurunan permintaan teh hitam curah adalah Rs339 juta. Kata kunci: industri teh, larangan penggunaan glifosat, Sri Lanka
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Abeyagoonasekera, Asanga. "Fighting economic crime during the pandemic: a Sri Lankan perspective." Journal of Financial Crime 29, no. 2 (February 10, 2022): 764–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-01-2022-0009.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand the dual crisis in Sri Lanka during the pandemic. The health crisis was followed by democratic backsliding which directly impacted the fight for economic crime. The pre-pandemic political commitment to fight corruption is assessed with the pandemic environment and the policy decisions by the Government. Sri Lanka was a detailed case study of how politicians exploited the pandemic environment to suppress democracy and move their semi-autocratic agenda forward. However, Sri Lanka was not the only nation that faced such autocratic sentiments losing the democratic values. This paper discusses recommendations for improving the resources and investment to address economic crime in Sri Lanka. Design/methodology/approach Secondary data was used for the analysis introducing a theoretical framework referring to the work of Michel Foucault and Francis Fukuyama. The secondary data was used to develop an argument aligning political science with economic crime. Findings The Government disciplinary project launched during the pandemic directly impacted Sri Lankan democracy and structural changes made to the constitution. The heavy militarization was a sign of departure of long-cherished values of democracy in the country. Political clientelism backed by nepotism interfered with judicial independence and the fight against economic crime. Many accused, including those responsible for the largest corruption scandal, were not punished. The trust deficit has widened significantly between authorities and the public on fighting corruption in Sri Lanka. Research limitations/implications There are more factors for democratic backsliding than what is presented in this paper. The economic crime environment in Sri Lanka has many dimensions and the paper only highlights a few areas limiting to the secondary data available. Originality/value The paper discusses a unique perspective on how a pandemic could be misused to strengthen the autocratic rule and make structural changes to a nation, including constitution amendments. The pandemic environment was used to commit economic crime and suppress public opinion projecting the health crisis in the lockdown environment.
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Irfan, M. I. M., and M. A. M. Fowsar. "Learning from the Chinese Model of Development and Moulding China - Sri Lanka Relations." Journal of Politics and Law 13, no. 3 (August 17, 2020): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v13n3p57.
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The Chinese model of development is a grand global strategy for achieving the Chinese dream through existing foreign policy. China - Sri Lanka bilateral relations have proved to be of increasingly prominent regional and global significance. The paper tries to examine the state of the China - Sri Lanka economic relationship in the context of the Chinese model of development. It is a descriptive study based on secondary data gathered from various sources of information. The Chinese model of development holds much appeal to many developing countries. However, this model is facing serious challenges and has become the subject of much debate in the recent past. The China - Sri Lanka relations have existed more than two thousand years because of the Island of Sri Lanka's strategic location on the old shipping lane. Sri Lanka is still considered a vital part of the String of Pearls concept. Hence, China has turned its attention towards Sri Lanka. From the beginning of the 21st century, Sri Lanka and China ratified several agreements on bilateral issues relating to the Belt and Road Initiative and Silk Road project. The recent developments in the China - Sri Lanka relationship have led to the creation of a so-called Chinese Colony in the South Asian region, and it has triggered China - India geopolitical interests in the Indian Ocean region. This paper concludes with the argument that the Sri Lankan Government will have to be receptive and sensitive on these issues, and pay attention to controlling contamination and maintaining diplomatic relations with all for the political stability and economic prosperity of the nation.
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de Silva, Chandra R. "Sri Lanka in 2015." Asian Survey 56, no. 1 (January 2016): 199–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2016.56.1.199.
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The year 2015 in Sri Lanka was characterized by a democratic transfer of power from the United People’s Freedom Alliance, led by President Mahinda Rajapaksa, to a coalition led by the United National Party. Constitutional changes restricting presidential power, and the growth of a new approach to human rights and ethnic reconciliation, accompanied this shift. Sri Lanka’s emphasis in its economic policy shifted from major infrastructural projects to a further strengthening of human capacities.
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Fiaz, Kamran. "Situation Analysis of Nation Building Efforts in Sri Lanka: From Early Years of Independence to Contemporary Days." Forman Journal of Social Sciences 01, no. 01 (December 17, 2021): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.32368/fjss.20210105.
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Despite the smooth transition of power from the British colonists to the Sri Lankan Sinhalese in 1949, Sri Lanka inherited considerable challenges. There has been conflict between the Sinhalese and the Tamils post-independence which led to a long and brutal civil war from 1983 to 2009. After the culmination of the civil war, Sri Lanka confronted numerous obstacles in the reconstruction and rehabilitation of the country. Drawing from Birch’s model of national integration, this study attempts to examine the diverse political, economic, and social challenges facing Sri Lanka. The review shows that Sri Lanka needs critical nation building in the following areas: (i) Infrastructural development, (ii) Resettlements and rehabilitation of displaced populations (iii) Ethnic and religious integration, (iv) Equality in political representation, (v) Educational and employment policies, (vi) Gender equality policies, and (vii) mental health interventions for children and women. The role of international bodies, like the United Nations Human Rights Council, and neighboring countries is key to creating pressure for national integration and growth. There is fear that if national unity is not at the forefront of state and international policy for Sri Lanka, conflict and instability may arise again.
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Jayasundera, Manik. "Financial and economic aspects of Ceylon Tea Industry in Sri Lanka." Financial Markets, Institutions and Risks 3, no. 3 (2019): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/fmir.3(3).131-135.2019.
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The functioning of the tea industry forms the main source of revenue for Sri Lanka’s budget, which is now ranked as the world’s fourth largest tea producer and second largest exporter. About 20% of the world’s tea products are sourced from Sri Lanka. The key objective of this study is to analyze the financial and economic aspects in the context of studying the peculiarities of sales of tea production enterprises. The research of this question in the article is carried out in the following logical sequence: the specifics of the process of making tea products are studied; the historical aspects of the formation and development of the tea industry in Sri Lanka; identified the main directions of state policy in terms of functioning of tea production enterprises; Key aspects of the pricing and marketing policy of the tea industry have been analyzed; features of implementation of export mechanisms are indicated. The article focuses on the system of taxation by the government of the tea industry, taxes in the context of which are designed to redistribute gross domestic revenue in accordance with priority directions of state social policy. The paper notes that the Government of Sri Lanka has now implemented subsidy mechanisms for tea companies: 1) subsidy for the modernization of production facilities in the long run; 2) subsidy for the development of the tea industry to improve the efficiency of tea processing and its transformation into other varieties; 3) short-term subsidy, which insures against falling tea prices or rising raw material costs; 4) marketing subsidies in the form of tea promotion grants, discounts on import duties and grants from the Export Development Board. The study made it possible for the authors to summarize the following: in 2019, there is a gradual fragmentation of land and a shortage of skilled labor in the Sri Lankan tea industry; state policy to support the tea sector will in the long run allow for appropriate reforms and mechanisms for regulating aspects of the tea industry (adjusting exports and imports, pricing systems, subsidy programs, state land redistribution programs). Keywords: government policy, pricing, sales mechanisms, exports, income and losses, tea industry.
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Gamage, Pandula. "Bank Finance For Small And Medium-Sized Enterprises In Sri Lanka: Issues And Policy Reforms." Studies in Business and Economics 10, no. 2 (August 1, 2015): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sbe-2015-0018.
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Abstract Access to bank finance is necessary to create an economic environment that enables Small and Medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to grow and prosper. The SMEs in Sri Lanka, however, face significant constraints to access bank finance. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the access to bank finance and related issues in the SME sector of Sri Lanka. The paper is exploratory in nature and reviews the bank financing situation for SMEs in Sri Lanka, as well as provides an overview of constraints faced by the banks (supply-side) and SMEs (demand-side). The paper also highlights some good practices in SME lending from international experience and outlines some recommendations to help overcome the constraints faced by the banks and SMEs. The recommendations discussed in this paper may be of importance to policymakers, not only in Sri Lanka, but in many other developing countries in a similar stage of economic growth.
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Köpke, Sören, Sisira S. Withanachchi, Ruwan Pathiranage, Chandana R. Withanachchi, Deepika U. Gamage, Thushantha S. Nissanka, Chinthana C. Warapitiya, et al. "Human–Elephant Conflict in Sri Lanka: A Critical Review of Causal Explanations." Sustainability 13, no. 15 (August 2, 2021): 8625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158625.
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Human–elephant conflict (HEC) is a severe and much-debated issue in Sri Lanka. An average of two hundred animals are intentionally killed, and seventy to eighty human casualties are counted each year. The Sri Lankan elephant (Elephas maximus maximus) is an endangered subspecies. The reported elephant mortality rates are high. On the other hand, human–elephant conflict also leads to hardship and trauma among rural populations. This research paper reviews causal explanations for HEC in Sri Lanka, tracing underlying narratives and connecting broader conservation theory and practical approaches. The paper discusses potential causes and contexts of HEC in Sri Lanka, including historical factors (i.e., colonial hunting and land-use changes), poaching, habitat loss due to population growth, crop-raiding behaviour, problem animals, and changes in agricultural production systems. The review concludes that socio-economic and cultural factors in HEC in Sri Lanka are poorly explained, and more research should focus on the underlying conditions of rural populations’ vulnerability.
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Jayathilake, P. M. Bandula. "Economic Reforms and Growth Experiences: A Comparative Study of China and Sri Lanka." International Journal of Management Science and Business Administration 1, no. 5 (2015): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijmsba.1849-5664-5419.2014.15.1003.
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China has achieved extraordinary economic growth and development in last three decades since launch of open economic policy in 1978. Sri Lanka restructured its economy in 1977 as well, with aspiration of achieving sustainable economic growth and development. However, the growth performance of Sri Lanka since the initiation of the reforms has been relatively low and falling behind on many of fronts relative to the Chinese performance indicators, whereas the initial characteristics of the two countries and reforms are mostly comparable. This paper basically aimed to investigate the factors influencing the creation of the gap in growth performance between China and Sri Lanka over the past three decades after their economic reforms. The findings show that attraction of foreign direct investment, governance related factors and approaches used in the post reforms period are more vital in driving divergence in growth performance between the two countries.
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NPG, Samantha, and Liu Haiyun. "The Impact of FDI on the Economic Growth of Sri Lanka: An ARDL Approach to Co-integration." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 3, no. 1 (2017): 70–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijied.1849-7551-7020.2015.35.2006.
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The impact of foreign direct investment(FDI) on host country economic growth is a debatable issue in the recent economic literature. The purpose of this study is to examine this issue for a country which practiced comparatively more liberal economic policies within the South Asian region over four decades. The ARDL approach to cointegration is applied to identify long-run relationship and short-run dynamics between selected variables for the period of 1978 to 2015 for Sri Lanka. The empirical result confirms the long run relationship between the variables. FDI is positively correlated with economic growth in the short run and long run, but it is not a significant factor for economic growth in Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka will have to undertake policy reforms related to FDI in order to attract more greenfield investments to boost economic growth creating new job opportunities and expanding exports in the manufacturing sector. These findings would be an example for other small open economies with similar economic characteristics.
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Edirisinghe, Neville. "Economic reforms, food policy and the poor in Sri Lanka." Food Policy 13, no. 1 (February 1988): 111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-9192(88)90017-6.
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Aslam, A. L. M. "Nexus between Tourism and Gross Domestic Product in Sri Lanka." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 71 (July 2016): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.71.25.
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Nowadays, policy makers believe that the tourism is a positive tool for economic growth of nations because which helps to economies of countries by several ways. In Sri Lankan experience it was not statistically confirmed. The aim of this study was to test the nexus between the tourism earnings and the gross domestic product in Sri Lanka. To test this nexus this study used time series data during the period of 1970 to 2014, and employed the multiple regressions model. In this study, the gross domestic product in constant price was used as dependant variable and exchange rate, foreign remittance, tourism earning, and inflation rate were considered as independent variables. Based on the regression outcomes, this study found that the tourism positively maintained the nexus on the gross domestic product in Sri Lanka at five percent significant level.
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Vidyaratne, R. T., and E. A. G. Sumanasiri. "Foreign Missions’ Role in Promoting International Trade: Empirical Evidence of Sri Lankan Foreign Missions Promoting Electronic Exports in Germany." International Business Research 13, no. 7 (June 23, 2020): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v13n7p173.
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Foreign missions have been the pillars of trade promotion and in particular, of export and export-oriented investment. In Sri Lanka, the potentiality in export promotion to Germany is immense. However, it is discernible that there is no coordinated effort in promoting trade in Sri Lanka by foreign missions. Therefore, this research examines the role of foreign missions in promoting international trade between Sri Lanka and Germany especially focusing on Electrical and Electronic Sector. The case study is based on the empirical evidence of Sri Lankan foreign missions promoting electrical and electronic exports in Germany. Potential growth-enhancing factors will benefit from increased global economic integration through trade promotion activities undertaken by the host country and the foreign mission. A qualitative methodology was used to understand the stakeholder perspective of the role of foreign missions. Analysis of data collected through semi-structured interviews (13) derived the results that trade fairs and Business to Business meetings as the most effective trade promotion activities. Findings of the study confirms six (6) vital roles of a foreign mission which are internalizing industries, promoting, business intelligence, stakeholder communication, building strategic relationships and inter-governmental engagement respectively. The paper points out managerial and policy implications such as pro-activeness of the head of foreign missions and strategic and trustworthy relationships between the countries. The study concludes that the activities carried out by the Sri Lankan Foreign Mission in Germany does not satisfy the exporters’ expectations and requirements. Further this study recommendations are provided to both German and Sri Lankan Governments and foreign missions.
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Amarasinghe, Hemantha, Ruwan Duminda Jayasinghe, Dilantha Dharmagunawardene, Manjula Attygalla, Paul A. Scuffham, Newell Johnson, and Sanjeewa Kularatna. "Economic burden of managing oral cancer patients in Sri Lanka: a cross-sectional hospital -based costing study." BMJ Open 9, no. 7 (July 2019): e027661. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027661.
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ObjectiveCancer of the oral cavity is the leading malignancy among males in Sri Lanka, and sixth among women. This study aimed to estimate costs of managing patients with oral cancer (OCA) in Sri Lanka for a 12 month period from diagnosis.DesignHospital based costing study.SettingsFour selected cancer treatment centres in Sri Lanka.ParticipantsSixty-nine OCA patients: 60 were males and 12 had recurrent tumours.OutcomeSocietal perspectives (healthcare, household and indirect costs) were itemised. Costs to the healthcare system included surgery, Intensive Care Unit (ICU) care, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Capital costs including apportioned value of land, buildings, equipment and furniture. Household costs consisted of out of pocket expenditure for healthcare and indirect costs of lost income. Costs were estimated from the stage of presentation for treatment to 1 year of follow-up.ResultsMean cost of managing a single stage II OCA patient for 1 year was Sri Lankan rupees (SLR) 58 979 (US$394, at the midyear exchange rate in 2016) to the health system. Mean household cost was SLR 77 649 (US$518). The annual cost of managing a stage III or IV patient was SLR 303 620 (US$2027), with household costs of SLR 71 932 (US$480).ConclusionsOwing to the high incidence of OCA in Sri Lanka, the economic costs associated with these diseases are enormous, resulting in negative impacts on both the healthcare system and individual families, seriously impacting the country’s economy. Policy-makers should take note of this burden and increase steps for prevention and control of this devastating disease.
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Liyanagamage, Champika. "Bank Competition and Economic Growth." International Journal of Finance & Banking Studies (2147-4486) 10, no. 1 (March 10, 2021): 20–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijfbs.v10i1.1032.
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This paper provides rather scares evidence on the nexus between bank competition and economic growth in a unique developing economy; Sri Lanka for the period 1996-2018. The effect of competition in the Sri Lankan banking sector on economic growth, and the mechanisms through which competition affects growth are analyzed in the present paper. The VEC model used in this study was aimed at capturing independently the short and long-term effect of bank competition on economic growth. The competition is measured with Pazar-Ross H- Statistics. Contrary to the common wisdom, the study found evidence for negative effects of bank competition, on economic growth in the short run. However, in the long run, this effect is strong and positive. Further, the statistical results of this paper revealed that higher bank competition channels economic growth through interest rate and bank efficiency. These findings have important policy implications as it gives great insight into the complexity of competition related conduct in developing countries.
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Anandasayanan, S. "Macro-Economic Variables and Stock Prices: Empirical Evidence From Sri Lanka." International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting 9, no. 4 (October 11, 2019): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijafr.v9i4.14280.
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Economic strength in a country could be measured by macroeconomics variables. Inflation, interest rate, unemployment rate and GDP Deflator are some macroeconomics variables that show economic condition in Sri Lanka. The impact of macro-economic variables on share prices is uncontrollable. This study investigates the relationship between macroeconomic variables and stock prices in Sri Lankan stock market using yearly time series data for the period from 1990 to 2017. The Ordinary Least Square regression was carried out using four macroeconomic variables for stock prices. The results shows that the higher R Square value (72.4911) which justifies higher explanatory power of macroeconomic variables in explaining stock prices. Consistent with similar results of the developed as well as emerging market studies, interest rate and inflation rate and unemployment rate react mainly negatively to stock prices in the Colombo Stock Exchange. These findings hold practical implications for policy makers, stock market regulators, investors and stock market analysts.
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Weerasekera, Harini. "Tax Rates and Tax Evasion." South Asia Economic Journal 19, no. 2 (September 2018): 229–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1391561418794690.
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The study empirically examines the relationship between tax rates and tax evasion for Sri Lanka. This is examined in the context of border tax evasion, where I test for the presence of evasion via the ‘evasion gap’: the discrepancy between exports to Sri Lanka (as reported by Sri Lanka’s trade partners) and imports by Sri Lanka (as reported by Sri Lanka) for products imported by Sri Lanka from its top seven import partners in 2014. The study focuses on two forms of border tax evasion: underreporting and mislabelling. In addition, the study estimates the effect of a policy to bring selected value-added tax (VAT)-exempt products into the VAT net, on the evasion gap. Results from OLS estimation suggest that both forms of evasion are present. The difference-in-difference results of the impact of the policy change on the evasion gap are insignificant, but require post-treatment data to arrive at a more concrete conclusion. JEL: H200, H260
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Karunarathne, M. S. H. U. "Theoretical analysis on the convergence of India and China’s interests and their impact on post-conflict Sri Lanka." International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Invention 5, no. 4 (April 4, 2018): 4565–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsshi/v5i4.04.
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Convergence of India-China interests on Sri Lankan context became critical during post conflict period as it provided the platform for these two powerful nations to check and balance their interests. This paper aims at discussing the impact of their interests on post conflict Sri Lanka. The main objective of the study is to theoretically analyze the convergence of Indo-China interests on above context and their impact on Sri Lanka. To achieve aforesaid objectives qualitative approach has been adopted and secondary data is the main type of data obtained from various sources such as books, journal articles, newspapers, government records and other relevant documents available in both printed and electronic versions. Document analysis, theoretical analysis and descriptive analysis are used to analyze data. In document analysis documents are interpreted to give meaning and it collects available data related to the study and interprets them to find out specific issues. Concepts derive from literature review and theoretical analysis helps to develop broader understanding on those issues and collect new knowledge. Descriptive analysis also used in certain areas to provide comprehensive understanding of collected data. The research findings conclude Chinese influence over the other regions seems inevitable with its rise as a global economic and military power which is perceived as a threat by India. India is also trying to match Chinese rise resulting suspicion and fear psychosis among one another’s achievements. Both are engaged in a competition to achieve goodwill of their neighbors. Sri Lanka has become convergence point for both India and China due to its strategic importance in the Indian Ocean and it was intensified during post conflict period. Both attempted to attract the post conflict reconstruction projects but China impressed more positively on Sri Lankan policy makers since its aid came with no influences for domestic politics. India raised the issue on reconciliation and power devolution and even supported UN resolution against Sri Lanka. Chinese approach was more peaceful and beneficial for Sri Lanka whereas India
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Kawashima, Koji. "Pentecostalism, Open Economic Policy and Sinhala Buddhist nationalism in Sri Lanka." PentecoStudies: An Interdisciplinary Journal for Research on the Pentecostal and Charismatic Movements 16, no. 2 (October 5, 2017): 202–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/ptcs.31947.
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Kumari, M. S. Dimuthu. "Perceived Readiness of Educated Youth towards Ethnic Integration in Sri Lanka." Journal of Contemporary Governance and Public Policy 2, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.46507/jcgpp.v2i1.28.
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Sri Lanka is a multi-ethnic society hence the ethnic integration has been a hot topic for decades. By 2021, it has been 73 years after the independence from British empires, however, natives still struggle for the reconciliation among themselves. Often occurred ethnic clashes usually account for a huge social and economic cost. Various scholars have highlighted that youth is highly active in initiating ethnic clashes. And, it is quoted specifically for the ‘Educated youth’ in Sri Lankan context. Therefore, this study explores the perceptions of ‘multi-ethnic, educated youth’ in heightening ethnic integration in Sri Lanka. This study utilized quantitative research approach and survey method. Primary data was mainly used for the study and collected through an online questionnaire. 100 multi-ethnic youth who are studying in higher education institutions in Sri Lanka selected as the sample using random sampling technique. The readiness of respondents was basically measured through their perceptions with respect to the social integration model proposed by Awang et al (2019). Descriptive statistics were used in analyzing data. The results showed that the overall readiness of educated youth in promoting ethnic integration is high in Sri Lankan context. The respondents are almost ready for the social acceptance and cultural appreciation levels of the model. However, they have showed, relatively a slight attraction towards compromisation and adaptation levels for which a high degree of ethnic tolerance is required. Therefore, it can be concluded that the majority of educated youth are social extroverts and are aware the importance of integration. However, since they showed a little attraction towards the upper layers of integration pyramid, there is a need of re-evaluating existing social integration policies. So that, some policy recommendations are suggested to enhance more operational activities in reconciliation process to reach the upper levels of ethnic integration (compromization and adaptation) in Sri Lankan context.
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Samantha, NPG, and Haiyun Liu. "The Effect of Foreign Direct Investment on Industrial Sector Growth: Evidence from Sri Lanka." Journal of Asian Development 4, no. 2 (August 10, 2018): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jad.v4i2.13339.
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The development of the industrial sector stimulates economic growth and development by reducing poverty and regional disparity, increasing export income, generating quality employment, as well as developing technological capabilities and productive capacities. It has been more than four decades since removing trade-related barriers, and tax incentives liberalized the Sri Lankan economy offered to foreign investors to attract FDI and promote the industrial sector. Hence, the objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between inward FDI and industrial sector performance of Sri Lanka at the aggregate level for the period 1980-2016. We use the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model to identify the long-run relationship and short-run dynamics of the selected variables. ARDL bounds test verifies the existence of co-integration among the selected variables. The study fails to find a significant relationship between FDI and industrial sector growth of Sri Lanka in the long run as well as in the short run. The attraction of vertically integrated FDI that consists with advanced technology and value-added production is one of the solutions for overcoming the issue of low technology and knowledge of Sri Lankan industrial sector. Sri Lankan FDI strategy associated with industrial sector should consider the pull and push factors related to recipient and source country respectively. To promote the industrial sector via FDI, the government policy should focus on attracting more FDI that could be channeled into those sectors that would contribute to national competitiveness.
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Moore, Mick. "Economic Liberalization versus Political Pluralism in Sri Lanka?" Modern Asian Studies 24, no. 2 (May 1990): 341–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00010350.
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Is there a positive symbiosis between the liberal economy and the liberal polity? From the time the question became meaningful, mainstream Western social theory and doctrine has tended to give a positive answer. It has generally been possible convincingly to argue an intrinsic causal connection between the dispersal of economic (and thus political) power inherent in the competitive market economy and the pluralism which is central to all definitions of the liberal polity. At a ‘broad-brush’ level the historical evidence is supportive. There is a strong empirical association between liberal democracy and (successful) capitalist market systems. While there are a number of quite plausible arguments indicating some potential deep and long-term causal connections between capitalism/the market economy and political unfreedom, the balance of long term historical evidence appears to support orthodoxy.
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Kumarasinghe, Pivithuru Janak, and M. P. M. D. Sandaruwan. "Decomposition of Economic Growth in Sri Lanka: Deep Look into the Service Sector." International Journal of Management Excellence 10, no. 3 (April 30, 2018): 1416–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17722/ijme.v10i3.983.
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The service sector gives the highest contribution to the economic growth of the country and it is about more than 50. Therefore service sector give the highest contribution for the economic growth in Srilanka. Through this research the service sector is decomposed. This empirical study was to measuring the contribution for the economic growth in Sri Lanka by service sector. Time series data is used to identify the decomposition of economic growth in Sri Lanka by Service. Annually data is collected from 2006 to 2014. This study mainly focused on growth decomposition methodology developed by Ivanov and Webster and this methodology used to decompose economic growth in Sri Lanka by service sector. This model presents an approach that is general and it can be applied to other countries. The methodology identifies the direct impacts of specific service sector components on the per capita growth of real gross domestic product. The study found that each service sector components in this analysis has a very different contribution to the growth rate in the economy. The research findings would provide guidance to the policy makers to develop policies, procedures, programs and standards.
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Ahmad, Moid U., and Hetti Arachchige Gamini Premaratne. "Effect of Low and Negative Interest Rates: Evidence from Indian and Sri Lankan Economies." Business Perspectives and Research 6, no. 2 (April 18, 2018): 90–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2278533718764503.
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Interest rates are critical to any economy. Usually the central bank of a country supervises and tries to control the interest rates but there is always an element of uncontrollable effects: local or international. A central bank adopts a monetary strategy to affect various macroeconomic parameters such as inflation, exchange rate (ER), economic growth and many others. A country may decide to adopt Ultra-low Interest Rate Policy (ULIRP) or Negative Interest Rate Policy (NIRP) or a policy with moderate/high rate of interest. In today’s global business scenario, economies are connected and influence one another. The US and UK economies have seen a very low and negative interest rates historically, at least in recent past. Indian and Sri Lankan economies are integrated with the US and UK economies and thus are affected by their prevailing interest rates. The effect of low and zero interest rate policy of a country (USA and UK) on interest rates and economy of co-integrated economies (India and Sri Lanka) have been studied in this research. The objective of this study is to understand the implications of ULIRPs and NIRPs in the context of Indian and Sri Lankan economies. Two significant conclusions of the research are that Indian and Sri Lankan economies are affected by the US and UK policies and that they are affected at a lag of eight years.
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Cuthbertson, A. G. (Sandy). "The Trade Policy Review of Sri Lanka." World Economy 20, no. 5 (August 1997): 633–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9701.00093.
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Navaratnam, Ravinthirakumaran, and Kasavarajah Mayandy. "Causal nexus between fiscal deficit and economic growth." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 4, no. 8 (August 31, 2016): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol4.iss8.575.
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The impact of fiscal deficit on economic growth is one of the most widely debated issues among economists and policy makers in both developed and developing countries in the recent period. This paper seeks to examine the impact of fiscal deficit on economic growth in selected South Asian countries, namely, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka using time series annual data over the period 1980 to 2014. The paper uses cointegration analysis, error correction modelling and Granger causality test under a Vector Autoregression (VAR) framework. The results from this study confirmed that the fiscal deficit has a negative impact on economic growth in the South Asian countries considered in this study except Nepal, which confirmed the positive impact. The results also highlighted that the direction of causality for the SAARC countries is mixed where fiscal deficit causes economic growth for Bangladesh, Nepal and Pakistan, but the reverse is true for India and Sri Lanka.
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Lokuge, Manori Nimanthika, Sanja Zivkovic, Kelly Lange, and Benaissa Chidmi. "Estimation of a censored food demand system and nutrient elasticities: a cross-sectional analysis of Sri Lanka." International Food and Agribusiness Management Review 22, no. 5 (September 11, 2019): 717–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22434/ifamr2019.0031.
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A nutritional transition is occurring in Sri Lanka, which steers people away from nutrient-rich diets, contributing to diet-related disease and poor economic performance. This study examines demographic impacts on consumption of major food commodities and estimates price and expenditure elasticities for major food groups and nutrients. Data from the Sri Lankan Department of Census and Statistics Household Income and Expenditure survey are used to estimate price and expenditure elasticities for food commodities and nutrients using the Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS). The zero-expenditure problem is circumvented by employing a Tobit model. Results demonstrate the impact of price and income changes on dietary intake of households, and income and nutrition policy recommendations are presented.
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Manullang, Abel Josafat. "Food Security in Shambles: Αn Impact from Sri Lanka National Economic Crisis." HAPSc Policy Briefs Series 3, no. 1 (June 29, 2022): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hapscpbs.30993.
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Sri Lanka, a state in the South Asia region, is now in the middle of a national economic crisis. The crisis has been mainly attributed to the state’s mounting foreign debts along with its inefficient management of the national economy. Apart from the obvious impact the crisis has over the domestic stability of the state, another impact worth noting is one on the state’s food security. The paper aims to provide analysis in answering the questions of how the national economic crisis affects the food security issue and what government policy was responsible for exacerbating the issue. With the use of a qualitative method of analysis, the concept of food security would also be present to better understand the issue. Later, it is explained how the crisis along with the economic state of Sri Lanka inhibits the government’s role to tackle the issue, hence worsening public opinion and the overall food crisis. For the government’s policy that exacerbated the issue, the past decision back in 2021 to ban the import of chemical fertilizers is believed to be it.
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Murshed, Muntasir, Haider Mahmood, Tarek Tawfik Yousef Alkhateeb, and Mohga Bassim. "The Impacts of Energy Consumption, Energy Prices and Energy Import-Dependency on Gross and Sectoral Value-Added in Sri Lanka." Energies 13, no. 24 (December 12, 2020): 6565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13246565.
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Drifting away from the neoclassical growth conjecture of economic growth being solely dependent on capital and labor inputs, this paper aimed to evaluate the dynamic impacts of energy consumption, energy prices and imported energy-dependency on both gross and sectoral value-added figures of Sri Lanka. The analysis has particularly used the robust econometric methods that can account for structural break issues in the data. The results, in a nutshell, indicated that energy consumption homogeneously contributes to gross, agricultural, industrial and services value-additions in Sri Lanka. However, positive oil price shocks and greater shares of imported energy in the total energy consumption figures are found to dampen the growth figures, especially in the context of the gross, industrial and services value additions. Besides, the joint growth-inhibiting impacts of oil price movements and energy import-dependency are also ascertained. On the other hand, the causality estimates reveal bidirectional causal associations between energy consumption-gross value-added and energy consumption-industrial value-added. In contrast, no causal impact of energy consumption on the agricultural and services value-added is evidenced. Hence, these findings impose key policy implications for constructing crucial energy policy reforms to make sure that the economic growth performances of Sri Lanka are sustained in the future.
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Wijegoonawardana, Nirmali. "PEACEBUILDING PRACTICES OF JAPAN: LESSONS FROM SRI LANKA." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 8, no. 10 (October 23, 2020): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v8.i10.2020.1527.
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Peacebuilding involves a process that includes different roles and functions. It also ranges from a series of activities such as ceasefire and refugee resettlement to the development of revised economic reconstruction and a new government. International communities have significantly increased aid for prevention of conflict, rapid humanitarian aid and reconstruction in post-conflict zones. In the wide spectrum of peacebuilding, the Government of Japan which had been certain to dedicate to traditional development issues widened the activities beyond the development after 2002. That was the time to respond to the Sri Lanka conflict with the Japan’s policy on Consolidation of Peace. The aim of this paper is to examine the peacebuilding efforts of the Japanese government since 2002 in post-conflict Sri Lanka. The study adopts a descriptive nature through the use of a qualitative method. This paper will also scale the effectiveness of the Japanese peacebuilding efforts in Sri Lanka.
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Illankoon, W. A. M. A. N., Chiara Milanese, Alessandro Girella, Puhulwella G. Rathnasiri, K. H. M. Sudesh, Maria Medina Llamas, Maria Cristina Collivignarelli, and Sabrina Sorlini. "Agricultural Biomass-Based Power Generation Potential in Sri Lanka: A Techno-Economic Analysis." Energies 15, no. 23 (November 28, 2022): 8984. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15238984.
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Worldwide energy costs have grown in recent years due to the dwindling global fossil fuel resources and the increased reliance on them for global energy production. This is a common scenario in many nations, including Sri Lanka. As a developing country, Sri Lanka should encourage the diversification of its renewable energy supplies using locally available resources. In this regard, Sri Lanka can promote the use of agricultural residues for energy generation. The present work explores the energy potential of the solid waste generated by the rice industry: rice straw (RS) and rice husk (RH). A new approach was developed using statistical data on rice production and paddy cultivation in each district of the island. The obtained data were integrated into a geographic information system (GIS) to provide geo-referenced results. A physico-chemical characterization of the RS and RH was conducted to correlate the properties of raw materials to their potential energy generation. As an energy generation technology, the grate-fired combustion boiler accompanied by steam turbine cycle (GFC/ST) was selected. Our findings show that the total energy capacity using by-products of the rice industry is estimated to be 2129.24 ktoe/year of primary energy, with a capacity of 977 Mwe, producing 5.65 TWh of electricity annually. An economic analysis shows ten districts have a high profit index (PI > 1). The districts with the highest PI values are Anuradhapura, Ampara, Polonnaruwa, and Kurunegala, with annual energy potentials of 286 ktoe, 279 ktoe, 231 ktoe, and 160 ktoe, respectively. This work aims to aid future policy decisions by identifying potential districts in which to develop infrastructure for energy generation using agricultural waste, thus reducing net greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) of Sri Lanka.
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Drean, Benjamin. "Sri Lanka's Green Policy Disaster and Investigation of the Green Economy and Human Capital in Sri Lanka." Tamansiswa Accounting Journal International 5, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.54204/taji/vol512022004.
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This investigation looks at how four important factors in Sri Lanka relate to environmental deterioration from 1985 to 2020: human capital, economic growth, infrastructure investment, and depletion of natural resources. We make use of secondary information gathered from the World Bank, Penn World, and the Global Footprint Network. The ARDL model was used to examine each variable. We discovered that, over time, economic expansion and the development of infrastructure have a positive association with CO2, but human capital and natural resources have a negative relationship with CO2. In order to preserve the environment, human capital plays a crucial role, and infrastructural development is necessary to boost the economy. Human capital investment is the most important thing in improving Sri Lanka's economy.
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Fernandopulle, Sudarshini, Neil Thalagala, and Simon Barraclough. "Mental Health in Sri Lanka: Challenges for Primary Health Care." Australian Journal of Primary Health 8, no. 2 (2002): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py02024.
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Using a societal approach to the determinants of mental health, a survey of knowledge about mental health problems in Sri Lanka is presented, including the consequences of years of civil and military conflict and economic retardation. Sri Lanka has the highest suicide rate for females, and one of the highest rates for males, in the world. Mental health care services and their limitations are described. Major problems include under-funding of services and medicinal drugs, overcrowded institutions, shortages of trained personnel, and under-developed community health services. Desirable policy and planning reforms are identified; in particular the need for expanded primary mental health care.
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Pandey, Mahesh. "Is Nepal on the Verge of Economic Crisis? A Comparative Study of Sri Lanka and Nepal." Journal of Advanced Academic Research 9, no. 2 (October 11, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jaar.v9i2.48839.
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This paper attempts to analyze the economic condition of Sri Lanka and compare it with that of Nepal especially based on external sector indicators. The main objective of this study is to identify the level of risk that economic crisis looming in Nepal by examining and comparing indicators using secondary data collected from various publications of the government of Nepal and Sri Lanka, central banks of both countries, World Bank, IMF and others across six years starting from 2016 to 2021. This Study follows the comparative and descriptive research design and analysis has gone through the same. The data and calculated indicators suggest that Sri Lankan economy had gone through bad phases after year 2019 and that led to acute crisis. The external sector indicators of Nepal show that Nepal was also facing some sort of issues after COVID-19 pandemic followed by Russia-Ukraine war in 2020 and 2021 however, there are encouraging signs of recovery in recent times. The study came with the conclusion that the economic crisis caused by drained of foreign exchange reserve has given a wakeup call to small growing economies and Nepal is not an exception. However, as a result of the precautionary policies and measures that Nepal has taken so far, the external sector’s indicators not showing worrying syndrome for severe economic crisis. To avoid the crisis in medium and long term Nepal should take initiatives for policy and structural reforms to enhance its productive capacity to induce export, tourism and other industries.
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Herath, H. M. G. "National science policy for agricultural development in Sri Lanka: Some socio-economic considerations." Agricultural Administration and Extension 25, no. 2 (January 1987): 73–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0269-7475(87)90014-6.
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Amarasekara, Chandranath. "The Impact of Monetary Policy on Economic Growth and Inflation in Sri Lanka." Staff Studies 38, no. 1 (October 14, 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/ss.v38i1.1220.
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Levy, Brian. "Foreign aid in the making of economic policy in Sri Lanka, 1977?1983." Policy Sciences 22, no. 3-4 (October 1989): 437–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00136327.
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Rathnasekara, Sanjeewa Udara. "External trade and foreign investment policy reforms in economic growth of Sri Lanka." Sri Lanka Journal of Social Sciences 45, no. 1 (December 14, 2022): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/sljss.v45i1.8264.
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de Silva, Umanga, and Simon Barraclough. "Strengthening primary health care and health promotion in Sri Lanka's schools: need for a comprehensive national policy." Australian Journal of Primary Health 15, no. 2 (2009): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py08056.
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School children constitute ~20% of the population in Sri Lanka, making school health an important element in primary health care in this country. Sri Lanka faces severe economic problems, the challenge of reducing health inequalities within its society and a continuing ethnically based armed conflict. Historically, the school health program emphasised hygiene, screening for diseases and malnutrition and referrals to specialists. However, many interrelated factors influence the physical, mental and social health of school children. Schools should therefore provide not only a healthy physical setting, but also healthy social and emotional environments that promote better learning. This article uses both published and unpublished official documents, as well as a review of recent local research to present a comprehensive overview of school health programs in Sri Lanka, to identify problems with their content and implementation and to suggest ways for strengthening them. It is argued that there is a pressing need for a comprehensive national school health policy that not only addresses the essentials of planning and coordination, but also serves to reorient school health to embrace the promotion of physical and psychosocial health. Such a shift should be based on a whole-of-school approach, recognising the role of students, teachers and the wider community.
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Marwah, Reena, and Sanika Sulochani Ramanayake. "The Development Trajectories of Thailand and Sri Lanka: A Comparative Analysis." Millennial Asia 10, no. 3 (November 8, 2019): 395–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0976399619879869.
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The raison d’être to compare the development trajectories of two Asian economies, viz. Thailand and Sri Lanka, stems from the fact that both countries are in the middle-income level. Hence, a comparative analysis of the development trajectories of the two countries during 2009–2019, both being neighbours with religious and cultural affinities, as well as members in Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC), has been undertaken. The key objective is to decipher key policy lessons for Sri Lanka (which has been in the lower middle-income group) from Thailand’s development path (which has placed the latter in the upper middle-income group). This article also elucidates the key drivers of economic growth along with the challenges that the two countries must contend with, to attain higher growth levels. Economic drivers, such as tourism, foreign direct investment (FDI) policies and political stability are concomitant for their development.
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Perera, Sathira, Denny John, and Buddhika Senanayaka. "Cost effectiveness of dengue vaccination following pre-vaccination serological screening in Sri Lanka." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 35, no. 6 (2019): 427–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462319000680.
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AbstractObjectiveThis study sets an example of an economic evaluation of a model dengue vaccination strategy for Sri Lanka, following a mandatory pre-vaccination screening strategy.MethodsA decision analytic Markov model was developed to estimate the cost-effectiveness of a predicted dengue vaccination strategy over a time horizon of 10 years. The cost effectiveness of dengue vaccination strategy for seropositive individuals was estimated in terms of incremental cost effectiveness ratio (ICER) (cost per additional quality adjusted life-year [QALY]). District-specific ICER values and the budget impact for dengue vaccine were estimated with appropriate sensitivity analyses, also taking the variability of the pre-vaccination screening test performance into consideration.ResultsThe ICER for the predicted vaccination strategy following pre-vaccination screening was 4,382 USD/QALY for Sri Lanka. There was a significant regional variation in vaccine cost effectiveness. The disaggregated regional incidence of dengue and the need to perform pre-vaccination screening affects the cost effectiveness estimates significantly, where a safer version of the vaccine has the potential to become cost saving in high incidence districts.ConclusionsThe cost effectiveness of the predicted dengue vaccination strategy following pre-vaccination screening showed a significant regional variation across the districts of Sri Lanka. District-wise disease incidence and the need for pre-vaccination screening was found to be the most significant factors affecting the cost effectiveness of the vaccine.
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Kaushalya Konara, Konara Mudiyanselage Gayani, and Akihiro Tokai. "Evaluating the Energy Metabolic System in Sri Lanka." Journal of Sustainable Development 13, no. 4 (July 30, 2020): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v13n4p235.
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Fast growing economy of Sri Lanka with an annual GDP growth rate of 5% has significantly increased demand for energy. As energy supply must grow in a sustainable way to meet the demand, concern over the environmental impact of energy flows have been gaining attention during policy development and implementation. Therefore, there is a need of comprehensively evaluating energy metabolic system in Sri Lanka to identify resource dependencies of the country that must be addressed to increase the sustainability.
A conceptual energy metabolic model was developed identifying economic, social and demographic variables affecting energy demand, transformation and supply and GHG emissions in Sri Lanka. Developed model was used to evaluate the current energy flows and forecast the behaviour of energy metabolism while assessing the sustainability of the energy system using number of sustainability indicators.
Developed model indicates an average annual growth rate of 4.06% in energy demand, 4.17% in non-renewable energy supply and 3.36% in GHG emissions. Transport sector has the highest GHG emissions percentage of 73%. Sustainability evaluation of the energy metabolic system shows that Sri Lanka is becoming more efficient and less energy intensive over the years. However, increase in GHG emissions per capita and emission intensity has a negative impact on the environmental sustainability while increase renewable energy share in total energy supply can be considered positive. The findings of the research give new insights to the energy system of Sri Lanka which enable energy planners to implement policies to transition towards a more secure and sustainable energy system.
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Sanderatne, Nimal. "Institute of Policy Studies of Sri Lanka (IPS), Sri Lanka State of the Economy 2009. Colombo: Institute of Policy Studies of Sri Lanka, 2009, SL Rs 500, 21 cm, 238 pp." South Asia Economic Journal 11, no. 1 (March 2010): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/139156141001100110.
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Peiris, Osada Vishvajith. "Climate Change Policy Evaluation and Its Impact on Island Nations: Case Of Singapore And Sri Lanka." International Journal of Built Environment and Sustainability 6, no. 2 (April 30, 2019): 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/ijbes.v6.n2.345.
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Climate Change (CC) is universally recognized as a major global threat due to its nature of impacts. Island nations are known to be the most vulnerable to CC impacts where many countries have initiated mitigation and adaptation actions through sector-based policy measures. Singapore and Sri Lanka are two Asian island nations with CC induced threats. Two countries are different in terms of economic development, but similar developing countries in the CC agenda. In this context, both the countries have initiated mitigation and adaptation actions through policy measures. This study compares the key climate driven performance indicators with historical data to evaluate the performance of climate change policy of each country. Generally, policy evaluation has been conducted by adopting scientific and non-scientific tools, but it is seldom see that the relation of climate driven indicators along with CC policy. Also the policy research was mostly based on European case studies and Asian island nations were not easy to find in this context. The comparison of two countries in terms of CC policy is to determine the key vulnerable sectors where intervention is necessary for island nations. Mitigation policies are evaluated in Singapore and Sri Lanka using GHG emission pathways under twelve (12) indicators and adaptation policies are measured under the national expenditure of key sectors of the economy under seven (07) indicators. The analysis further elaborated by comparing both countries with key economic sectors that has positive and negative influence on CC impacts. Finally, the analysis outcome is used for lessons to learn from each other in improving the CC policy of Singapore and Sri Lanka. As every country has a unique set of strategies to minimize contributions to CC impacts, unique features that are common to both countries are chosen as variables for the comparison. Policy recommendations are provided to implement solid action plan for post 2020. The study expects to assist island countries to strengthen the CC policy as a national priority to manage unforeseen impacts posed by CC phenomena
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Thujiyanthan, Priyatharsiny. "The Impact of Exchange Rate and Exchange Rate Volatility on Foreign Direct Investment: An Econometric Investigation in Sri Lanka." Asian Journal of Managerial Science 10, no. 2 (November 5, 2021): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajms-2021.10.2.2928.
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This paper aims to explore the impact of exchange rate volatility on the ability to attract foreign direct investment (FDI) in the emerging economy of Sri Lanka. This investigation covers the period between 1978 and 2018. Exchange rate volatility is captured from the variance of the residuals by employing the testing procedure of ARCH (Engle, 1982) and GARCH (Bollerslev, 1986) models and its impact upon FDI is estimated by an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach which is developed by Pesaren et al. (2001). The estimated results indicated that exchange rate volatility exerted significant positive impact on FDI during the period between 1978 and 2018 and the results show that exchange rate, exchange rate volatility, inflation, infrastructure, local and foreign interest rate, real GDP, political stability, and trade openness are the crucial determinants of FDI inflow in Sri Lanka. These findings are supported with Goldberg and Kolstad (1994) and it helps to the policy makers to concentrate exchange rate volatility, other macro-economic stability and political stability are key to boom FDI inflow in Sri Lanka.