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Kawakami-Schulz, Sharolyn V., Angela M. Verdoni, Shannon G. Sattler, Erik Jessen, Winston W. Y. Kao, Akihiro Ikeda, and Sakae Ikeda. "Serum response factor: positive and negative regulation of an epithelial gene expression network in the destrin mutant cornea." Physiological Genomics 46, no. 8 (April 15, 2014): 277–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00126.2013.
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Increased angiogenesis, inflammation, and proliferation are hallmarks of diseased tissues, and in vivo models of these disease phenotypes can provide insight into disease pathology. Dstn corn1 mice, deficient for the actin depolymerizing factor destrin (DSTN), display an increase of serum response factor (SRF) that results in epithelial hyperproliferation, inflammation, and neovascularization in the cornea. Previous work demonstrated that conditional ablation of Srf from the corneal epithelium of Dstn corn1 mice returns the cornea to a wild-type (WT) like state. This result implicated SRF as a major regulator of genes that contributes to abnormal phenotypes in Dstn corn1 cornea. The purpose of this study is to identify gene networks that are affected by increased expression of Srf in the Dstn corn1 cornea. Microarray analysis led to characterization of gene expression changes that occur when conditional knockout of Srf rescues mutant phenotypes in the cornea of Dstn corn1 mice. Comparison of gene expression values from WT, Dstn corn1 mutant, and Dstn corn1 rescued cornea identified >400 differentially expressed genes that are downstream from SRF. Srf ablation had a significant effect on genes associated with epithelial cell-cell junctions and regulation of actin dynamics. The majority of genes affected by SRF are downregulated in the Dstn corn1 mutant cornea, suggesting that increased SRF negatively affects transcription of SRF gene targets. ChIP-seq analysis on Dstn corn1 mutant and WT tissue revealed that, despite being present in higher abundance, SRF binding is significantly decreased in the Dstn corn1 mutant cornea. This study uses a unique model combining genetic and genomic approaches to identify genes that are regulated by SRF. These findings expand current understanding of the role of SRF in both normal and abnormal tissue homeostasis.
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Ragu, Christine, Gaelle Elain, Elena Mylonas, Chris Ottolenghi, Nicolas Cagnard, Dominique Daegelen, Emmanuelle Passegué, William Vainchenker, Olivier A. Bernard, and Virginie Penard-Lacronique. "The transcription factor Srf regulates hematopoietic stem cell adhesion." Blood 116, no. 22 (November 25, 2010): 4464–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2009-11-251587.
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Adhesion properties of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the bone marrow (BM) niches control their migration and affect their cell-cycle dynamics. The serum response factor (Srf) regulates growth factor–inducible genes and genes controlling cytoskeleton structures involved in cell spreading, adhesion, and migration. We identified a role for Srf in HSC adhesion and steady-state hematopoiesis. Conditional deletion of Srf in BM cells resulted in a 3-fold expansion of the long- and short-term HSCs and multipotent progenitors (MPPs), which occurs without long-term modification of cell-cycle dynamics. Early differentiation steps to myeloid and lymphoid lineages were normal, but Srf loss results in alterations in mature-cell production and severe thrombocytopenia. Srf-null BM cells also displayed compromised engraftment properties in transplantation assays. Gene expression analysis identified Srf target genes expressed in HSCs, including a network of genes associated with cell migration and adhesion. Srf-null stem cells and MPPs displayed impair expression of the integrin network and decreased adherence in vitro. In addition, Srf-null mice showed increase numbers of circulating stem and progenitor cells, which likely reflect their reduced retention in the BM. Altogether, our results demonstrate that Srf is an essential regulator of stem cells and MPP adhesion, and suggest that Srf acts mainly through cell-matrix interactions and integrin signaling.
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Randrianarison-Huetz, Voahangy, Aikaterini Papaefthymiou, Gaëlle Herledan, Chiara Noviello, Ulduz Faradova, Laura Collard, Alessandra Pincini, et al. "Srf controls satellite cell fusion through the maintenance of actin architecture." Journal of Cell Biology 217, no. 2 (December 21, 2017): 685–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201705130.
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Satellite cells (SCs) are adult muscle stem cells that are mobilized when muscle homeostasis is perturbed. Here, we show that serum response factor (Srf) is needed for optimal SC-mediated hypertrophic growth. We identified Srf as a master regulator of SC fusion required in both fusion partners, whereas it was dispensable for SC proliferation and differentiation. We show that SC-specific Srf deletion leads to impaired actin cytoskeleton and report the existence of finger-like actin–based protrusions at fusion sites in vertebrates that were notoriously absent in fusion-defective myoblasts lacking Srf. Restoration of a polymerized actin network by overexpression of an α-actin isoform in Srf mutant SCs rescued their fusion with a control cell in vitro and in vivo and reestablished overload-induced muscle growth. These findings demonstrate the importance of Srf in controlling the organization of actin cytoskeleton and actin-based protrusions for myoblast fusion in mammals and its requirement to achieve efficient hypertrophic myofiber growth.
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Chen, Chuanfa, Baojian Hu, and Yanyan Li. "Easy-to-use spatial random-forest-based downscaling-calibration method for producing precipitation data with high resolution and high accuracy." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 25, no. 11 (November 3, 2021): 5667–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-5667-2021.
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Abstract. Precipitation data with high resolution and high accuracy are significantly important in numerous hydrological applications. To enhance the spatial resolution and accuracy of satellite-based precipitation products, an easy-to-use downscaling-calibration method based on a spatial random forest (SRF-DC) is proposed in this study, where the spatial autocorrelation of precipitation measurements between neighboring locations is considered. SRF-DC consists of two main stages. First, the satellite-based precipitation is downscaled by the SRF with the incorporation of high-resolution variables including latitude, longitude, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), digital elevation model (DEM), terrain slope, aspect, relief and land surface temperatures. Then, the downscaled precipitation is calibrated by the SRF with rain gauge observations and the aforementioned high-resolution variables. The monthly Integrated MultisatellitE Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement (IMERG) over Sichuan Province, China, from 2015 to 2019 was processed using SRF-DC, and its results were compared with those of classical methods including geographically weighted regression (GWR), artificial neural network (ANN), random forest (RF), kriging interpolation only on gauge measurements, bilinear interpolation-based downscaling and then SRF-based calibration (Bi-SRF), and SRF-based downscaling and then geographical difference analysis (GDA)-based calibration (SRF-GDA). Comparative analyses with respect to root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE) and correlation coefficient (CC) demonstrate that (1) SRF-DC outperforms the classical methods as well as the original IMERG; (2) the monthly based SRF estimation is slightly more accurate than the annually based SRF fraction disaggregation method; (3) SRF-based downscaling and calibration perform better than bilinear downscaling (Bi-SRF) and GDA-based calibration (SRF-GDA); (4) kriging is more accurate than GWR and ANN, whereas its precipitation map loses detailed spatial precipitation patterns; and (5) based on the variable-importance rank of the RF, the precipitation interpolated by kriging on the rain gauge measurements is the most important variable, indicating the significance of incorporating spatial autocorrelation for precipitation estimation.
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Sidorenko, Ekaterina, and Maria K. Vartiainen. "Nucleoskeletal regulation of transcription: Actin on MRTF." Experimental Biology and Medicine 244, no. 15 (May 29, 2019): 1372–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1535370219854669.
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Myocardin-related transcription factor A (MRTF-A) and serum response factor (SRF) form an essential transcriptional complex that regulates the expression of many cytoskeletal genes in response to dynamic changes in the actin cytoskeleton. The nucleoskeleton, a “dynamic network of networks,” consists of numerous proteins that contribute to nuclear shape and to its various functions, including gene expression. In this review, we will discuss recent work that has identified many nucleoskeletal proteins, such as nuclear lamina and lamina-associated proteins, nuclear actin, and the linker of the cytoskeleton and nucleoskeleton complex as important regulators of MRTF-A/SRF transcriptional activity, especially in the context of mechanical control of transcription. Impact statement Regulation of gene expression is a fundamental cellular process that ensures the appropriate response of a cell to its surroundings. Alongside biochemical signals, mechanical cues, such as substrate rigidity, have been recognized as key regulators of gene expression. Nucleoskeletal components play an important role in mechanoresponsive transcription, particularly in controlling the activity of MRTF-A/SRF transcription factors. This ensures that the cell can balance the internal and external mechanical forces by fine-tuning the expression of cytoskeletal genes.
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Chmielewski, Tomasz. "CONTROL AND GRID SYNCHRONIZATION OF TWO LEVEL VOLTAGE SOURCE INVERTER UNDER TEMPORARY VOLTAGE UNBALANCE." Informatics Control Measurement in Economy and Environment Protection 6, no. 4 (December 18, 2016): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0009.5185.
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This paper presents the operation of grid tied, two level voltage source inverter (VSI) during network voltage unbalance. The control system was implemented in synchronous rotating reference frame dq0 (SRF). Two types of control structures were investigated herein. First utilizes the Double Decoupled SRF Phase-locked loop (DDSRF-PLL) synchronisation with positive and negative sequence currents control. Second one is simplified system that does not provide symmetrical components decomposition and decoupling for synchronisation. Simulation results exhibited a superior performance of the DDSRF-PLL control system under grid voltage unbalance.
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Baarlink, C., H. Wang, and R. Grosse. "Nuclear Actin Network Assembly by Formins Regulates the SRF Coactivator MAL." Science 340, no. 6134 (April 4, 2013): 864–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1235038.
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Ma, Qian, Guangshun Wei, Yuanfeng Zhou, Xiao Pan, Shiqing Xin, and Wenping Wang. "SRF‐Net: Spatial Relationship Feature Network for Tooth Point Cloud Classification." Computer Graphics Forum 39, no. 7 (October 2020): 267–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cgf.14143.
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Roh, Miin, Joan W. Miller, Karen W. Jeng-Miller, Jay C. Wang, Inês Laíns, Rebecca F. Silverman, John I. Loewenstein, Deeba Husain, Demetrios G. Vavvas, and John B. Miller. "Subthreshold Exudative Choroidal Neovascularization Associated With Age-Related Macular Degeneration Identified by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography." Journal of VitreoRetinal Diseases 4, no. 5 (April 27, 2020): 377–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2474126420916607.
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Purpose: This article describes the clinical and multimodal imaging characteristics of subthreshold exudative choroidal neovascularization (CNV) associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods: Among 3773 patients with AMD, 8 eyes (6 patients) were identified with the clinical phenotype of interest. Dilated fundus examinations, color fundus photography, fluorescein angiography (FA), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and OCT angiography (OCTA) were performed. Results: OCT typically showed a moderately reflective irregular pigment epithelial detachment with overlying subretinal fluid (SRF). Traditional FA did not show leakage and ICGA showed no definitive neovascular network or hot spots. However, OCTA clearly demonstrated a CNV within the pigment epithelial detachment. The majority of our cases (7 of 8) did not receive antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections, and visual acuity remained stable over the available follow-up period of 1 to 10 years. Conclusions: CNV is often associated with SRF and vision loss in AMD, usually requiring frequent anti-VEGF injections. OCTA allowed us to better identify CNV not readily detected on FA and ICGA. Although some have suggested early clinical intervention with anti-VEGF injections in any case with fluid and confirmed CNV on OCTA, we describe a subset of AMD patients with SRF who may be better managed by observation. These cases may represent a more indolent, mature, and stable vascular network.
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Ye, Xiaofeng, Tianshu Zeng, Wen Kong, and Lu-lu Chen. "Integrative Analyses of Genes Associated with Fulminant Type 1 Diabetes." Journal of Immunology Research 2020 (October 3, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1025857.
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Objective. Fulminant type 1 diabetes (FT1D) is a type of type 1 diabetes, which is characterized by rapid onset of disease and severe metabolic disorders. We intend to screen for crucial genes and potential molecular mechanisms in FT1D in this study. Method. We downloaded GSE44314, which includes six healthy controls and five patients with FT1D, from the GEO database. Identification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was performed by NetworkAnalyst. The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses of DEGs were screened by an online tool—Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integration Discovery (DAVID). Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and hub genes among DEGs were analyzed by NetworkAnalyst. And we also use NetworkAnalyst to find out the microRNAs (miRNAs) and transcription factors (TFs) which regulate the expression of DEGs. Result. We identified 130 DEGs (60 upregulated and 70 downregulated DEGs) between healthy controls and FT1D patients. GO analysis results revealed that DEGs were mostly enriched in generation of precursor metabolites and energy, neurohypophyseal hormone activity, and mitochondrial inner membrane. KEGG pathway analysis demonstrated that DEGs were mostly involved in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Results indicated that NCOA1, SRF, ERBB3, EST1, TOP1, UBE2S, INO80, COX7C, ITGAV, and COX6C were the top hub genes in the PPI network. Furthermore, we recognized that LDLR, POTEM, IFNAR2, BAZ2A, and SRF were the top hub genes in the miRNA-target gene network, and SRF, TSPAN4, CD59, ETS1, and SLC25A25 were the top hub genes in the TF-target gene network. Conclusion. Our study pinpoints key genes and pathways associated with FT1D by a sequence of bioinformatics analysis on DEGs. These identified genes and pathways provide more detailed molecular mechanisms of FT1D and may provide novel therapeutic targets.
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Deng, Zhongliang, Xiao Fu, Qianqian Cheng, Lingjie Shi, and Wen Liu. "CC-DTW: An Accurate Indoor Fingerprinting Localization Using Calibrated Channel State Information and Modified Dynamic Time Warping." Sensors 19, no. 9 (April 28, 2019): 1984. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19091984.
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Indoor wireless local area network (WLAN) based positioning technologies have boomed recently because of the huge demands of indoor location-based services (ILBS) and the wide deployment of commercial Wi-Fi devices. Channel state information (CSI) extracted from Wi-Fi signals could be calibrated and utilized as a fine-grained positioning feature for indoor fingerprinting localization. One of the main factors that would restrict the positioning accuracy of fingerprinting systems is the spatial resolution of fingerprints (SRF). This paper mainly focuses on the improvement of SRF for indoor CSI-based positioning and a calibrated CSI feature (CCF) with high SRF is established based on the preprocess of both measured amplitude and phase. In addition, a similarity calculation metric for the proposed CCF is designed based on modified dynamic time warping (MDTW). An indoor fingerprinting method based on CCF and MDTW, named CC-DTW, is then proposed to improve the positioning accuracy in indoors. Experiments are conducted in two indoor office testbeds, and the performances of the proposed CC-DTW, one time-reversal (TR) based approach and one Euclidean distance (ED) based approach are evaluated and discussed. The results show that the SRF of CC-DTW outperforms the TR-based one and the ED-based one in both two testbeds in terms of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve metric, and the area under curve (AUC) metric.
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MODARRESI, Javad, Mehdi FALLAH, Eskandar GHOLIPOUR, and Mohammad TAVAKOLI BINA. "Improving the SRF method to compensate low-order harmonics under nonsinusoidal network voltages." TURKISH JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING & COMPUTER SCIENCES 24 (2016): 412–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/elk-1306-66.
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Ammirati, Jean-Baptiste, Gabriel Vargas, Sofía Rebolledo, Rachel Abrahami, Bertrand Potin, Felipe Leyton, and Sergio Ruiz. "The Crustal Seismicity of the Western Andean Thrust (Central Chile, 33°–34° S): Implications for Regional Tectonics and Seismic Hazard in the Santiago Area." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 109, no. 5 (September 3, 2019): 1985–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120190082.
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Abstract Most of the recorded seismicity in central Chile can be linked to the subduction of the Nazca plate. To the east, a much smaller fraction is observed at 0–30 km depths beneath the western Andean thrust. Paleoseismic studies evidenced the occurrence of at least two major earthquakes (M>7) over the past 17 ka, associated with the San Ramón fault (SRF): an important tectonic feature characterizing the west Andean thrust, close the Santiago metropolitan area. To better constrain the crustal seismicity in this area, the Chilean Seismological Center (CSN) extended its permanent seismic network with seven new broadband seismometers deployed around the scarp of the SRF and farther east. The improved azimuthal distribution and reduced station spacing allowed to complete the CSN catalog with more than 900 smaller magnitude earthquakes (ML<2.5) detected and located within the study region. The use of a 3D velocity model derived from P- and S-wave travel-time tomography considerably lowered the uncertainties associated with hypocentral locations. Our results show an important seismicity beneath the Principal Cordillera located at a depth of ∼10 km, and a deeper seismicity (~15 km) aligned with the main Andean thrust more to the west, parallel to the scarp of the SRF. Regional stress inversion results suggest that the seismicity of the west Andean thrust is accommodating northeast–southwest compressional stress, consistent with the convergence of the Nazca plate. Based on our improved crustal seismicity, combined with observations from previous studies, we have been able to refine the scenario of an Mw 7.5 earthquake rupturing the SRF. Ground-motion prediction results show peak ground accelerations of ∼0.8g close to the fault scarp.
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Schlesinger, Jenny, Markus Schueler, Marcel Grunert, Jenny J. Fischer, Qin Zhang, Tammo Krueger, Martin Lange, Martje Tönjes, Ilona Dunkel, and Silke R. Sperling. "The Cardiac Transcription Network Modulated by Gata4, Mef2a, Nkx2.5, Srf, Histone Modifications, and MicroRNAs." PLoS Genetics 7, no. 2 (February 17, 2011): e1001313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1001313.
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Ragu, C., S. Boukour, G. Elain, O. Wagner-Ballon, H. Raslova, N. Debili, E. N. Olson, et al. "The serum response factor (SRF)/megakaryocytic acute leukemia (MAL) network participates in megakaryocyte development." Leukemia 24, no. 6 (April 29, 2010): 1227–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/leu.2010.80.
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Rahmani, K., and H. Mayer. "HIGH QUALITY FACADE SEGMENTATION BASED ON STRUCTURED RANDOM FOREST, REGION PROPOSAL NETWORK AND RECTANGULAR FITTING." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences IV-2 (May 28, 2018): 223–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iv-2-223-2018.
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In this paper we present a pipeline for high quality semantic segmentation of building facades using Structured Random Forest (SRF), Region Proposal Network (RPN) based on a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) as well as rectangular fitting optimization. Our main contribution is that we employ features created by the RPN as channels in the SRF.We empirically show that this is very effective especially for doors and windows. Our pipeline is evaluated on two datasets where we outperform current state-of-the-art methods. Additionally, we quantify the contribution of the RPN and the rectangular fitting optimization on the accuracy of the result.
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Singh Thakur, Hitendra, and Ram Narayan Patel. "Design of Neuro-Fuzzy Controller for Stabilization of Single Phase Stand-Alone PV Power System." IAES International Journal of Robotics and Automation (IJRA) 7, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijra.v7i3.pp176-184.
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For the three phase power electronic and drive applications, vector control or the synchronous reference frame (SRF) based control concept is well accepted and settled amongst the research communities. Although the SRF concept has gained popularity and appreciation in developing the three phase controllers, still the concept has not reached the same level in case of a single phase system. The work presented in this paper is mainly concerned to the design of a hybrid Artificial Neural Network and Fuzzy Logic based controller for a single phase stand-alone photo-voltaic (PV) power system. The adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) controller proposed in this paper is chiefly meant for improving the transient and steady state responses; for minimizing the distorting effect of the low order load current harmonics encountered particularly in case of switching the drive based inductive loads and to help maintain the inverter output voltage constant under different loading circumstances. The result obtained through simulation work, shows the effectiveness of the proposed controller as compared with the previously established research works.
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García Fernández, F., L. García Esteban, P. De Palacios, M. Navarro, and M. Conde. "Prediction of standard particleboard mechanical properties utilizing an artificial neural network and subsequent comparison with a multivariate regression model." Investigación Agraria: Sistemas y Recursos Forestales 17, no. 2 (October 20, 2008): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/srf/2008172-01033.
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Qashou, Akram, Sufian Yousef, Abdallah A. Smadi, and Amani A. AlOmari. "Distribution system power quality compensation using a HSeAPF based on SRF and SMC features." International Journal of System Assurance Engineering and Management 12, no. 5 (July 24, 2021): 976–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13198-021-01185-w.
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AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to describe the design of a Hybrid Series Active Power Filter (HSeAPF) system to improve the quality of power on three-phase power distribution grids. The system controls are comprise of Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) based on the Synchronous Reference Frame (SRF) theory, and supported by Phase Locked Loop (PLL) for generating the switching pulses to control a Voltage Source Converter (VSC). The DC link voltage is controlled by Non-Linear Sliding Mode Control (SMC) for faster response and to ensure that it is maintained at a constant value. When this voltage is compared with Proportional Integral (PI), then the improvements made can be shown. The function of HSeAPF control is to eliminate voltage fluctuations, voltage swell/sag, and prevent voltage/current harmonics are produced by both non-linear loads and small inverters connected to the distribution network. A digital Phase Locked Loop that generates frequencies and an oscillating phase-locked output signal controls the voltage. The results from the simulation indicate that the HSeAPF can effectively suppress the dynamic and harmonic reactive power compensation system. Also, the distribution network has a low Total Harmonic Distortion (< 5%), demonstrating that the designed system is efficient, which is an essential requirement when it comes to the IEEE-519 and IEC 61,000–3-6 standards.
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ARDELEAN, I., N. MUREŞAN, and P. PǍŞCUŢǍ. "FT-IR AND RAMAN SPECTROSCOPIC STUDY OF Cr2O3-TeO2-B2O3-SrF2 GLASSES." Modern Physics Letters B 20, no. 18 (August 10, 2006): 1107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984906011426.
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Homogeneous glasses were formed in the Cr 2 O 3- TeO 2- B 2 O 3- SrF 2 system, up to 20 mol% Cr 2 O 3. For these glasses, IR and Raman spectral measurements were carried out in order to elucidate the local structure. The results showed that BO 3 and BO 4 are the main structural units of the glass system and the chromium ions are located in the network. It was evidenced the presence of TeO 3 and TeO 4 units as possible structural units in our glasses.
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Wei, Lei, Wei Zhou, Lu Wang, and Robert J. Schwartz. "β1-Integrin and PI 3-kinase regulate RhoA-dependent activation of skeletal α-actin promoter in myoblasts." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 278, no. 6 (June 1, 2000): H1736—H1743. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.2000.278.6.h1736.
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RhoA GTPase, a regulator of actin cytoskeleton, is also involved in regulating c- fos gene expression through its effect on serum response factor (SRF) transcriptional activity. We have also shown that RhoA plays a critical role in myogenesis and regulates expression of SRF-dependent muscle genes, including skeletal α-actin. In the present study, we examined whether the RhoA signaling pathway cross talks with other myogenic signaling pathways to modulate skeletal α-actin promoter activity in myoblasts. We found that extracellular matrix proteins and the β1-integrin stimulated RhoA-dependent activation of the α-actin promoter. The muscle-specific isoform β1Dselectively activated the α-actin promoter in concert with RhoA but inhibited the c- fos promoter. In addition, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase were required for full activation of the α-actin promoter by RhoA. Expression of a dominant negative mutant of FAK, application of wortmannin to cultured myoblasts, or expression of a dominant negative mutant of PI 3-kinase inhibited α-actin promoter activity induced by RhoA. These results suggest that RhoA, β1-integrin, FAK, and PI 3-kinase serve together as an important signaling network in regulating muscle gene expression.
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Shi, Ke, Xiaodong Sun, and Jingfa Zhang. "Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Characteristics Serve as Retinal Vein Occlusion Therapeutic Biomarkers for Dexamethasone Intravitreal Implant." Disease Markers 2021 (October 13, 2021): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3510036.
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Background. Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is the second most common vision-threatening retinal vascular disease. Intravitreal dexamethasone implant has been applied to treat macular edema secondary to RVO (RVO-ME). However, the alteration of morphologic features detected with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) has not been fully studied in RVO-ME patients before and after the treatment. Objective. This study is aimed at identifying potential therapeutic targets in RVO with integrative bioinformatic analysis and compares the OCTA characteristics alterations in patients with RVO-ME receiving injection of dexamethasone intravitreal implant. Methods. Bioinformatic analysis was analyzed in GSE101398 dataset from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Multiple functional enrichment analyses were performed, and protein-protein interaction network was constructed to visualize the key node genes. Eleven eyes with RVO-ME were examined with OCTA before and after intravitreal dexamethasone implant. The OCTA parameters, including macular thickness, vessel density, foveal avascular zone parameters, the number of hyperreflective foci (HRF), area of cystoid edema, and subretinal fluid (SRF), were compared. The correlation was analyzed between best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and OCTA parameters. Results. A total of 79 differentially expressed genes were identified. Functional enrichment analyses revealed the enriched inflammatory events in RVO. In RVO-ME, Pearson correlation revealed that baseline BCVA was positively correlated with the area of SRF and central macular thickness, while no correlation was detected between baseline BCVA and HRF number or the area of cystoid edema. The visual acuity improved, and the central macular thickness was decreased after intravitreal dexamethasone implant injection. Besides, the number of HRF, the area of cystoid edema, and SRF were significantly alleviated after dexamethasone intravitreal injection. Conclusion. Retinal inflammation plays a crucial role in RVO pathogenesis. The imaging biomarkers of RVO including Müller glial intracellular edema, and retinal pigment epithelium dysfunction, could be assessed in OCTA and attenuated by intravitreal dexamethasone implant effectively.
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Kasala, Chaitanya, Vinay Kumar Awaar, and Praveen Jugge. "Power quality enhancement using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR)." E3S Web of Conferences 309 (2021): 01100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130901100.
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The power quality, which can affect consumers and their utility, is a key concern of modern power system. The sensitive equipment is damaged by voltage harmonics, sag and swell. Therefore, as usage of sensitive equipment has been increasing, power quality is essential for reliable and secure operation of the power system in modern times. The potential distribution flexible AC transmission system (D-FACTS) device, a dynamic voltage restorer (DVR), is widely used to address problems with non-standard voltage in the distribution system. It induces voltages to preserve the voltage profile and ensures continuous load voltage. In this paper, the voltage sag and swell is compensated by DVR with an artificial neural network (ANN) controller. For the generation of reference voltage for voltage source converter (VSC) switching, and for the voltage conversion from rotating vectors to stationary frame, synchronous reference frame (SRF) theory is applied. The DVR Control Strategy and its performance is simulated using MATLAB software. It is also shown a detailed comparison of the ANN controller with the conventional Proportional Integral controller (PI), which showed ANN controller’s superior performance with less Total Harmonic Distortion (THD).
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Lokhande, Rushikesh. "Comparison of SRF and IRPT Algorithm for Mitigation of Voltage Sag and Voltage Swell using NPC based D-STATCOM." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VII (July 31, 2021): 3932–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37219.
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This study describes a systematic model of Distribution STATCOM (D-STATCOM) to reduce voltage sag, and swell using Instantaneous reactive power theory also called Power Quality theory (IRPT or PQ) and Synchronous reference frame theory (SRF) using NPC three level inverter. Power quality is an event that manifests as an abnormal frequency, current and voltage resulting in the failure of end-use equipment. The main issues addressed here are voltage sag and swell. Custom power devices are utilised to overcome this problem. The Distribution STATCOM (D-STATCOM) is one of these devices, and it is the most efficient and effective modern specialized power device utilised in distribution system network. The simulation of D-STATCOM is done using MATLAB/Simulink and voltage sag and swell are mitigated.
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Sun, Yin, E. de Jong, Xiongfei Wang, Dongsheng Yang, Frede Blaabjerg, Vladimir Cuk, and J. Cobben. "The Impact of PLL Dynamics on the Low Inertia Power Grid: A Case Study of Bonaire Island Power System." Energies 12, no. 7 (April 2, 2019): 1259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12071259.
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To prepare for the future high penetration level of renewable energy sources, the power grid’s technical boundaries/constraints for the correct operation of powerelectronics interfaced devices need to be further examined and defined. This paper investigates the challenge of integrating Voltage Source Converters (VSC) into low inertia power grids, where the system frequency can vary rapidly due to the low kinetic energy buffer available, which used to be provided by the rotational inertia of synchronous generators. The impact of rate of change of frequency (ROCOF) on the PLL dynamics and its subsequent influence on the VSC power stage output is explained. The Bonaire island network is presented as case study. The performance of the VSC is analyzed under a fast ROCOF event, which is triggered by a short circuit fault. A down-scaled experiment is used to validate the Bonaire island network simulation results. It shows that the phase angle error measured by the synchronous-reference frame phase-locked loop (SRF-PLL) is proportional to the slope of the ROCOF and inversely proportional to its controller integral gain constant.
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Lee, Hyunjong, Beongwoo Yoo, Minki Baek, and Joon Young Choi. "Prediction of Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection in Paediatric Patients by Deep Learning Analysis of 99mTc-DMSA Renal Scan." Diagnostics 12, no. 2 (February 6, 2022): 424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12020424.
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Purpose: Tc-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid (99mTc-DMSA) renal scan is an important tool for the assessment of childhood urinary tract infection (UTI), vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), and renal scarring. We evaluated whether a deep learning (DL) analysis of 99mTc-DMSA renal scans could predict the recurrence of UTI better than conventional clinical factors. Methods: the subjects were 180 paediatric patients diagnosed with UTI, who underwent immediate post-therapeutic 99mTc-DMSA renal scans. The primary outcome was the recurrence of UTI during the follow-up period. For the DL analysis, a convolutional neural network (CNN) model was used. Age, sex, the presence of VUR, the presence of cortical defects on the 99mTc-DMSA renal scan, split renal function (SRF), and DL prediction results were used as independent factors for predicting recurrent UTI. The diagnostic accuracy for predicting recurrent UTI was statistically compared between independent factors. Results: The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for predicting recurrent UTI were 44.4%, 88.9%, and 82.2% by the presence of VUR; 44.4%, 76.5%, and 71.7% by the presence of cortical defect; 74.1%, 80.4%, and 79.4% by SRF (optimal cut-off = 45.93%); and 70.4%, 94.8%, and 91.1% by the DL prediction results. There were no significant differences in sensitivity between all independent factors (p > 0.05, for all). The specificity and accuracy of the DL prediction results were significantly higher than those of the other factors. Conclusion: DL analysis of 99mTc-DMSA renal scans may be useful for predicting recurrent UTI in paediatric patients. It is an efficient supportive tool to predict poor prognosis without visually demonstrable cortical defects in 99mTc-DMSA renal scans.
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Chebabhi, Ali, Mohammed-Karim Fellah, Mohamed-Fouad Benkhoris, and Abdelhalim Kessal. "Sliding mode controller for four leg shunt active power filter to eliminating zero sequence current, compensating harmonics and reactive power with fixed switching frequency." Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering 12, no. 2 (2015): 205–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sjee1502205c.
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In this paper, the four leg inverter controlled by the three dimensional space vector modulation (3D SVM) is used as the shunt active power filter (SAPF) for compensating the three phase four wire electrical network, by using the four leg inverter with 3D SVM advantages to eliminated zero sequence current, fixed switching frequency of inverter switches, and reduced switching losses. This four leg inverter is employed as shunt active power filter to minimizing harmonic currents, reducing magnitude of neutral wire current, eliminating zero sequence current caused by nonlinear single phase loads and compensating reactive power, and a nonlinear sliding mode control technique (SMC) is proposed for harmonic currents and DC bus voltage control to improve the performances of the three phase four wire four leg shunt active power filter based on Synchronous Reference Frame (SRF) theory in the dq0 axes, and to decoupling the four leg SAPF mathematical model.
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Rahman, Md Habibur, Silong Peng, Xiyuan Hu, Chen Chen, Md Rezanur Rahman, Shahadat Uddin, Julian M. W. Quinn, and Mohammad Ali Moni. "A Network-Based Bioinformatics Approach to Identify Molecular Biomarkers for Type 2 Diabetes that Are Linked to the Progression of Neurological Diseases." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 3 (February 6, 2020): 1035. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17031035.
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Neurological diseases (NDs) are progressive disorders, the progression of which can be significantly affected by a range of common diseases that present as comorbidities. Clinical studies, including epidemiological and neuropathological analyses, indicate that patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have worse progression of NDs, suggesting pathogenic links between NDs and T2D. However, finding causal or predisposing factors that link T2D and NDs remains challenging. To address these problems, we developed a high-throughput network-based quantitative pipeline using agnostic approaches to identify genes expressed abnormally in both T2D and NDs, to identify some of the shared molecular pathways that may underpin T2D and ND interaction. We employed gene expression transcriptomic datasets from control and disease-affected individuals and identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in tissues of patients with T2D and ND when compared to unaffected control individuals. One hundred and ninety seven DEGs (99 up-regulated and 98 down-regulated in affected individuals) that were common to both the T2D and the ND datasets were identified. Functional annotation of these identified DEGs revealed the involvement of significant cell signaling associated molecular pathways. The overlapping DEGs (i.e., seen in both T2D and ND datasets) were then used to extract the most significant GO terms. We performed validation of these results with gold benchmark databases and literature searching, which identified which genes and pathways had been previously linked to NDs or T2D and which are novel. Hub proteins in the pathways were identified (including DNM2, DNM1, MYH14, PACSIN2, TFRC, PDE4D, ENTPD1, PLK4, CDC20B, and CDC14A) using protein-protein interaction analysis which have not previously been described as playing a role in these diseases. To reveal the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulators of the DEGs we used transcription factor (TF) interactions analysis and DEG-microRNAs (miRNAs) interaction analysis, respectively. We thus identified the following TFs as important in driving expression of our T2D/ND common genes: FOXC1, GATA2, FOXL1, YY1, E2F1, NFIC, NFYA, USF2, HINFP, MEF2A, SRF, NFKB1, USF2, HINFP, MEF2A, SRF, NFKB1, PDE4D, CREB1, SP1, HOXA5, SREBF1, TFAP2A, STAT3, POU2F2, TP53, PPARG, and JUN. MicroRNAs that affect expression of these genes include mir-335-5p, mir-16-5p, mir-93-5p, mir-17-5p, mir-124-3p. Thus, our transcriptomic data analysis identifies novel potential links between NDs and T2D pathologies that may underlie comorbidity interactions, links that may include potential targets for therapeutic intervention. In sum, our neighborhood-based benchmarking and multilayer network topology methods identified novel putative biomarkers that indicate how type 2 diabetes (T2D) and these neurological diseases interact and pathways that, in the future, may be targeted for treatment.
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Singh, Jagmohan, Ettickan Boopathi, Sankar Addya, Benjamin Phillips, Isidore Rigoutsos, Raymond B. Penn, and Satish Rattan. "Aging-associated changes in microRNA expression profile of internal anal sphincter smooth muscle: Role of microRNA-133a." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 311, no. 5 (November 1, 2016): G964—G973. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00290.2016.
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A comprehensive genomic and proteomic, computational, and physiological approach was employed to examine the (previously unexplored) role of microRNAs (miRNAs) as regulators of internal anal sphincter (IAS) smooth muscle contractile phenotype and basal tone. miRNA profiling, genome-wide expression, validation, and network analyses were employed to assess changes in mRNA and miRNA expression in IAS smooth muscles from young vs. aging rats. Multiple miRNAs, including rno-miR-1, rno-miR-340-5p, rno-miR-185, rno-miR-199a-3p, rno-miR-200c, rno-miR-200b, rno-miR-31, rno-miR-133a, and rno-miR-206, were found to be upregulated in aging IAS. qPCR confirmed the upregulated expression of these miRNAs and downregulation of multiple, predicted targets ( Eln, Col3a1, Col1a1, Zeb2, Myocd, Srf, Smad1, Smad2, Rhoa/Rock2, Fn1, Tagln v2, Klf4, and Acta2) involved in regulation of smooth muscle contractility. Subsequent studies demonstrated an aging-associated increase in the expression of miR-133a, corresponding decreases in RhoA, ROCK2, MYOCD, SRF, and SM22α protein expression, RhoA-signaling, and a decrease in basal and agonist [U-46619 (thromboxane A2analog)]-induced increase in the IAS tone. Moreover, in vitro transfection of miR-133a caused a dose-dependent increase of IAS tone in strips, which was reversed by anti-miR-133a. Last, in vivo perianal injection of anti-miR-133a reversed the loss of IAS tone associated with age. This work establishes the important regulatory effect of miRNA-133a on basal and agonist-stimulated IAS tone. Moreover, reversal of age-associated loss of tone via anti-miR delivery strongly implicates miR dysregulation as a causal factor in the aging-associated decrease in IAS tone and suggests that miR-133a is a feasible therapeutic target in aging-associated rectoanal incontinence.
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Das, Soumya Ranjan, Prakash K. Ray, Arun Kumar Sahoo, Somula Ramasubbareddy, Thanikanti Sudhakar Babu, Nallapaneni Manoj Kumar, Hassan Haes Alhelou, and Pierluigi Siano. "Performance of Hybrid Filter in a Microgrid Integrated Power System Network Using Wavelet Techniques." Applied Sciences 10, no. 19 (September 28, 2020): 6792. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10196792.
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Nowadays, the application of distributed energy sources (DES) has been extensively employed to serve the power system by supplying the power into the grid and improving the power quality (PQ). Therefore, DES is one solution that can efficiently overcome the energy crisis and climate change problems. The DES, such as solar photovoltaic (PV), wind turbine (WT), and battery energy storage systems (BESS), are incorporated to form the microgrid (MG), which are interfaced with the power system. However, interfacing MG to the power system is undoubtedly a big challenge. Therefore, more focus is required on the control strategy to control the MG with the power system. To address the PQ problems, a controlled MG integrated with a hybrid shunt active power filter (HSAPF) is provided in this work. For controlling the MG integrated HSAPF, different control strategies are applied. In this work, a learning-based incremental conductance (LINC) technique is used as a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for tracking the maximum power in PV and WT. The voltage source inverter (VSI) of HSAPF is controlled using a wavelet-based technique with a synchronous reference frame (SRF). The main focus is to improve the PQ by compensating the harmonics and regulating the reactive power in both grid-interactive and islanded condition and also supply continuous and adequate power to the non-linear load. The power system model has been developed with MATLAB/Simulink tool, which shows the efficiency of the proposed method. The results obtained have been satisfactorily under various operating conditions and can be validated further using the real-time dSPACE.
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Govind, Annu, Vijay Kumar Tayal, and Prakash Kumar. "Performance enhancement of shunt active power filter using soft computing techniques." International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) 10, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v10.i3.pp253-261.
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Nowadays, active power filter (APF) is the most popular device for harmonic compensation. This paper presents the soft computing techniques for compensation of currents harmonics using a shunt active power filter (SAPF). The method includes a 3-phase supply system with a current-controlled voltage source converter (CC-VSC) having an input coupling inductor and output tank capacitor for a self-supported DC bus. The performance of the active power filter can be enhanced by using soft computing techniques such as artificial neural network (ANN) controller and gravitational search algorithm (GSA) for generating control signals of the SAPF. The current reference is calculated to compensate source current THD with synchronous reference frame (SRF) technique with proportional integrator (PI) controller. From the result, it is evident that both the soft computing techniques reduce the computational time & fast convergence which improves the filter performance during the transient period and makes it self-tuned. The proposed structure is simulated using MATLAB/Simulink and subsequently experimentally verified. The presentation of the system is originated to be suitable for numerous features of power quality enhancement structure.
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Chakraborty, Rohit, Madineni Venkat Ratnam, and Shaik Ghouse Basha. "Long-term trends of instability and associated parameters over the Indian region obtained using a radiosonde network." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 6 (March 22, 2019): 3687–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3687-2019.
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Abstract. Long-term trends of the parameters related to convection and instability obtained from 27 radiosonde stations across six subdivisions over the Indian region during the period 1980–2016 are presented. A total of 16 parcel and instability parameters along with moisture content, wind shear, and thunderstorm and rainfall frequencies have been utilized for this purpose. Robust fit regression analysis is employed on the regional average time series to calculate the long-term trends on both a seasonal and a yearly basis. The level of free convection (LFC) and the equilibrium level (EL) height are found to ascend significantly in all Indian subdivisions. Consequently, the coastal regions (particularly the western coast) experience increases in severe thunderstorms (TSS) and severe rainfall (SRF) frequency in the pre-monsoon period, while the inland regions (especially Central India) experience an increase in ordinary thunderstorms (TSO) and weak rainfall (WRF) frequency during the monsoon and post-monsoon periods. The 16–20-year periodicity is found to dominate the long-term trends significantly compared to other periodicities and the increase in TSS, and convective available potential energy (CAPE) is found to be more severe after the year 1999. The enhancement in moisture transport and associated cooling at 100 hPa along with the dispersion of boundary layer pollutants are found to be the main causes for the increase in CAPE, which leads to more convective severity in the coastal regions. However, in inland regions, moisture-laden winds are absent and the presence of strong capping effect of pollutants on instability in the lower troposphere has resulted in more convective inhibition energy (CINE). Hence, TSO and occurrences of WRF have increased particularly in these regions.
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Ma, Chao-Tsung, and Zhen-Huang Gu. "Investigation on GaN HEMTs Based Three-Phase STATCOM with Hybrid Control Scheme." Micromachines 12, no. 4 (April 20, 2021): 464. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12040464.
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The modern trend of decarbonization has encouraged intensive research on renewable energy (RE)-based distributed power generation (DG) and smart grid, where advanced electronic power interfaces are necessary for connecting the generator with power grids and various electrical systems. On the other hand, modern technologies such as Industry 4.0 and electrical vehicles (EV) have higher requirements for power converters than that of conventional applications. Consequently, the enhancement of power interfaces will play an important role in the future power generation and distribution systems as well as various industrial applications. It has been discovered that wide-bandgap (WBG) switching devices such as gallium nitride (GaN) high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) and silicon carbide (SiC) metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) offer considerable potential for outperforming conventional silicon (Si) switching devices in terms of breakdown voltage, high temperature capability, switching speed, and conduction losses. This paper investigates the performance of a 2kVA three-phase static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) based on a GaN HEMTs-based voltage-source inverter (VSI) and a neural network-based hybrid control scheme. The proportional-integral (PI) controllers along with a radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) controller for fast reactive power control are designed in synchronous reference frame (SRF). Both simulation and hardware implementation are conducted. Results confirm that the proposed RBFNN assisted hybrid control scheme yields excellent dynamic performance in terms of various reactive power tracking control of the GaN HEMTs-based three-phase STATCOM system.
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Kim, Jonghyun, So Min Ahn, Cheolmin Yun, Seong-Woo Kim, and Jaeryung Oh. "Comparison of Indocyanine Green Angiography and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography for Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy." Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society 62, no. 9 (September 15, 2021): 1198–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2021.62.9.1198.
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Purpose: To assess the diagnostic value of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), and the factors affecting the diagnosis of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) by OCTA and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA). Methods: The numbers and area of polyps, and the presence and area of a branched vascular network (BVN) as revealed by ICGA and OCTA, were retrospectively analyzed in 43 patients with active PCV. The patients were divided into two groups according to whether the number of polyps matched between the two methods: group 1, equal number of polyps revealed by ICGA and OCTA; group 2, different number of polyps revealed by ICGA and OCTA. Results: In 43 PCV patients, the total number of polyps was 1.47 ± 0.83 in ICGA and 1.07 ± 0.91 in OCTA (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and the polyp area was 0.27 ± 0.42 mm<sup>2</sup> in ICGA and 0.17 ± 0.15 mm<sup>2</sup> in OCTA (<i>p</i> = 0.023). BVN was found in 33 eyes (76.7%) by ICGA and 29 eyes (67.4%) by OCTA (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The BVN area was 3.61 ± 2.59 mm<sup>2</sup> in ICGA and 2.74 ± 2.76 mm<sup>2</sup> in OCTA (<i>p</i> = 0.002). Central retinal thickness and central choroidal thickness were significantly greater in group 2 than group 1 (<i>p</i> < 0.001, respectively). Subretinal fluid (SRF) (<i>p</i> = 0.009) and subretinal hemorrhage (SRH) (<i>p</i> = 0.005) were significantly more prevalent in group 2 than group 1. Polyp height (<i>p</i> = 0.022) and diameter (<i>p</i> = 0.042) were significantly greater in group 2 than group 1. Conclusions: OCTA is a supplementary diagnostic technique for detecting PCV. The presence of SRF and SHR, and large polyp height and diameter, were associated with the polyp detection rate of OCTA for PCV.
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Hossain, Md Ali, Tania Akter Asa, Md Mijanur Rahman, Shahadat Uddin, Ahmed A. Moustafa, Julian M. W. Quinn, and Mohammad Ali Moni. "Network-Based Genetic Profiling Reveals Cellular Pathway Differences Between Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma and Follicular Thyroid Adenoma." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 4 (February 20, 2020): 1373. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041373.
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Molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis and progression of malignant thyroid cancers, such as follicular thyroid carcinomas (FTCs), and how these differ from benign thyroid lesions, are poorly understood. In this study, we employed network-based integrative analyses of FTC and benign follicular thyroid adenoma (FTA) lesion transcriptomes to identify key genes and pathways that differ between them. We first analysed a microarray gene expression dataset (Gene Expression Omnibus GSE82208, n = 52) obtained from FTC and FTA tissues to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Pathway analyses of these DEGs were then performed using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) resources to identify potentially important pathways, and protein-protein interactions (PPIs) were examined to identify pathway hub genes. Our data analysis identified 598 DEGs, 133 genes with higher and 465 genes with lower expression in FTCs. We identified four significant pathways (one carbon pool by folate, p53 signalling, progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation signalling, and cell cycle pathways) connected to DEGs with high FTC expression; eight pathways were connected to DEGs with lower relative FTC expression. Ten GO groups were significantly connected with FTC-high expression DEGs and 80 with low-FTC expression DEGs. PPI analysis then identified 12 potential hub genes based on degree and betweenness centrality; namely, TOP2A, JUN, EGFR, CDK1, FOS, CDKN3, EZH2, TYMS, PBK, CDH1, UBE2C, and CCNB2. Moreover, transcription factors (TFs) were identified that may underlie gene expression differences observed between FTC and FTA, including FOXC1, GATA2, YY1, FOXL1, E2F1, NFIC, SRF, TFAP2A, HINFP, and CREB1. We also identified microRNA (miRNAs) that may also affect transcript levels of DEGs; these included hsa-mir-335-5p, -26b-5p, -124-3p, -16-5p, -192-5p, -1-3p, -17-5p, -92a-3p, -215-5p, and -20a-5p. Thus, our study identified DEGs, molecular pathways, TFs, and miRNAs that reflect molecular mechanisms that differ between FTC and benign FTA. Given the general similarities of these lesions and common tissue origin, some of these differences may reflect malignant progression potential, and include useful candidate biomarkers for FTC and identifying factors important for FTC pathogenesis.
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Visser, H., U. Büntgen, R. D'Arrigo, and A. C. Petersen. "Detecting instabilities in tree-ring proxy calibration." Climate of the Past Discussions 6, no. 1 (February 24, 2010): 225–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-6-225-2010.
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Abstract. Evidence has been found for reduced sensitivity of tree growth to temperature in a number of forests at high northern latitudes and alpine locations. Furthermore, at some of these sites, emergent subpopulations of trees show negative growth trends with rising temperature. These findings are typically referred to as the "Divergence Problem" (DP). Given the high relevance of paleoclimatic reconstructions for policy-related studies, it is important for dendrochronologists to address this issue of potential model uncertainties associated with the DP. Here we address this issue by proposing a calibration technique, termed "stochastic response function" (SRF), which allows the presence or absence of any instabilities in growth response of trees (or any other climate proxy) to their calibration target to be visualized and detected. Since this framework estimates confidence limits and subsequently provides statistical significance tests, the approach is also very well suited for proxy screening prior to the generation of a climate-reconstruction network. Two examples of tree growth/climate relationships are provided, one from the North American Arctic treeline and the other from the upper treeline in the European Alps. Instabilities were found to be present where stabilities were reported in the literature, and vice versa, stabilities were found where instabilities were reported. We advise to apply SRFs in future proxy-screening schemes, next to the use of correlations and RE/CE statistics. It will improve the strength of reconstruction hindcasts.
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Holstein, Ingo, Anurag Kumar Singh, Falk Pohl, Danny Misiak, Juliane Braun, Laura Leitner, Stefan Hüttelmaier, and Guido Posern. "Post-transcriptional regulation of MRTF-A by miRNAs during myogenic differentiation of myoblasts." Nucleic Acids Research 48, no. 16 (July 21, 2020): 8927–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkaa596.
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Abstract The differentiation and regeneration of skeletal muscle from myoblasts to myotubes involves myogenic transcription factors, such as myocardin-related transcription factor A (MRTF-A) and serum response factor (SRF). In addition, post-transcriptional regulation by miRNAs is required during myogenesis. Here, we provide evidence for novel mechanisms regulating MRTF-A during myogenic differentiation. Endogenous MRTF-A protein abundance and activity decreased during C2C12 differentiation, which was attributable to miRNA-directed inhibition. Conversely, overexpression of MRTF-A impaired differentiation and myosin expression. Applying miRNA trapping by RNA affinity purification (miTRAP), we identified miRNAs which directly regulate MRTF-A via its 3′UTR, including miR-1a-3p, miR-206-3p, miR-24-3p and miR-486-5p. These miRNAs were upregulated during differentiation and specifically recruited to the 3′UTR of MRTF-A. Concomitantly, Ago2 recruitment to the MRTF-A 3′UTR was considerably increased, whereas Dicer1 depletion or 3′UTR deletion elevated MRTF-A and inhibited differentiation. MRTF-A protein expression was inhibited by ectopic miRNA expression in murine C2C12 and primary human myoblasts. 3′UTR reporter activity diminished upon differentiation or miRNA expression, whereas deletion of the predicted binding sites reversed these effects. Furthermore, TGF-β abolished MRTF-A reduction and decreased miR-486-5p expression. Our findings implicate miR-24-3p and miR-486-5p in the repression of MRTF-A and suggest a complex network of transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms regulating myogenesis.
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Visser, H., U. Büntgen, R. D'Arrigo, and A. C. Petersen. "Detecting instabilities in tree-ring proxy calibration." Climate of the Past 6, no. 3 (June 15, 2010): 367–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-6-367-2010.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Evidence has been found for reduced sensitivity of tree growth to temperature in a number of forests at high northern latitudes and alpine locations. Furthermore, at some of these sites, emergent subpopulations of trees show negative growth trends with rising temperature. These findings are typically referred to as the "Divergence Problem" (DP). Given the high relevance of paleoclimatic reconstructions for policy-related studies, it is important for dendrochronologists to address this issue of potential model uncertainties associated with the DP. Here we address this issue by proposing a calibration technique, termed "stochastic response function" (SRF), which allows the presence or absence of any instabilities in growth response of trees (or any other climate proxy) to their calibration target to be visualized and detected. Since this framework estimates confidence limits and subsequently provides statistical significance tests, the approach is also very well suited for proxy screening prior to the generation of a climate-reconstruction network. Two examples of tree growth/climate relationships are provided, one from the North American Arctic treeline and the other from the upper treeline in the European Alps. Instabilities were found to be present where stabilities were reported in the literature, and vice versa, stabilities were found where instabilities were reported. We advise to apply SRFs in future proxy-screening schemes, next to the use of correlations and RE/CE statistics. It will improve the strength of reconstruction hindcasts.
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Breitbart, R. E., C. S. Liang, L. B. Smoot, D. A. Laheru, V. Mahdavi, and B. Nadal-Ginard. "A fourth human MEF2 transcription factor, hMEF2D, is an early marker of the myogenic lineage." Development 118, no. 4 (August 1, 1993): 1095–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.118.4.1095.
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The transition from multipotent mesodermal precursor to committed myoblast and its differentiation into a mature myocyte involve molecular events that enable the cell to activate muscle-specific genes. Among the participants in this process is the myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) family of tissue-restricted transcription factors. These factors, which share a highly conserved DNA-binding domain including a MADS box, are essential for the expression of multiple muscle genes with cognate target MEF2 sites in cis. We report here a new human MEF2 factor, hMEF2D, which is unique among the members of this family in that it is present not only in myotubes but also in undifferentiated myoblasts, even before the appearance of myogenin. hMEF2D comprises several alternatively spliced products of a single gene, one of which is the human homolog of the Xenopus SRF-related factor SL-1. Like its relatives, cloned hMEF2D is capable of activating transcription via sequence-specific binding to the MEF2 site, recapitulating endogenous tissue-specific MEF2 activity. Indeed, while MEF2D mRNAs are ubiquitous, the protein is highly restricted to those cell types that contain this activity, implicating posttranscriptional mechanisms in the regulation of MEF2D expression. Alternative splicing may be important in this process: two alternative MEF2D domains, at least one of which is specifically included during myogenic differentiation, also correlate precisely with endogenous MEF2 activity. These findings provide compelling evidence that MEF2D is an integral link in the regulatory network for muscle gene expression. Its presence in undifferentiated myoblasts further suggests that it may be a mediator of commitment in the myogenic lineage.
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Ahmad, Ridlan. "Prototipe Aplikasi Manajemen Sparepart Atm Menggunakan Framework Zachman Pada Logistik Asp." Jurnal Bangkit Indonesia 8, no. 1 (March 30, 2019): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.52771/bangkitindonesia.v8i1.86.
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ASP Logistics is a place for depositing ATM spare parts where one of the branches owned by the company is ASP Logistics in Ambon city. ATM spare parts management in Ambon ASP Logistics has good procedures for incoming data and outgoing spare parts for ATMs, but the system is still done manually such as reports typed in Microsoft Excel and also written on the Stock Request Form (SRF) work report. The research aimed to Prototype And Design of Management Information Systems for ATM Spare Parts at Ambon ASP Logistics. The analysis model in collecting data uses a SWOT analysis, while the EA Score card is a test of whether this system is feasible to use. And the design carried out using the Zachman Framework enterprise architecture and the UML approach Mapping of the Zachman Framework in this study is limited only to the perspective of the Planner, Owner and Designer while each column consists of Data (What), Function (How), Network (Where) , People (Who), Time (When) and Motivation (Why).
The results of the analysis and design carried out, produced an ATM Spare Parts Management Information System model that can control all part activities optimally consisting of inventory data, part usage data, part entry data and data return (return) parts which are subsequently implemented in the form of a prototype as an illustration of the system interface to be built.
By using the Zachman Framework enterprise architecture, detailed information is obtained about how the ATM spare parts management information system is designed, as well as all the needs of data, human resources and infrastructure that support the operation of the information system.
Keyword: Keywords: Logistics, SWOT Analysis, EA Score card. Zachman Framework, UML, ATM Spare Parts Management
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Piskunov, Sergey A., Alexey V. Mokeev, and Evgeniy I. Khromtsov. "Application of synchronized phasor measurements in RPA devices of distribution networks." E3S Web of Conferences 288 (2021): 01014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128801014.
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The paper discusses the efficiency of RPA devices application with support of synchronized phasor measurements (SPM) at the step-down substations and in 6-20 kV distribution networks. The main part of the paper presents a description of the algorithm developed by the authors for determining the damaged cable line during single-phase ground faults (SGF) in 6-20 kV distribution networks with compensated and isolated neutral. The proposed algorithm makes it possible to realize reliable, fast-acting, and selective SGF protection in distribution cable networks acting either on a signal or on a trip. Based on the SGF protection using SPM, an SGF localization system can be created. This makes it easier to find a damaged cable line in the distribution network. The report presents the conditions for the application of this algorithm, which ensure the stability and reliability of its operation under various parameters of the network. The paper authors propose options for improving the SGF protection algorithm, which allows expanding the field of its application. The results of virtual modeling confirm the effectiveness of SGF protection based on the SPM using the developed algorithm. The final part of the paper contains examples demonstrating other areas of SPM application for RPA devices of step-down transformers, substations, cable distribution networks.
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Adejo, Achonu, Osbert Asaka, Habeeb Bello Salau, and Caroline Alenoghena. "New framework for interference and energy analysis of soft frequency reuse in 5G networks." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 9, no. 5 (October 1, 2020): 1941–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v9i5.2536.
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Cellular networks are expanding massively due to high data requirements from mobile devices. This has motivated base station densification as an essential requirement for the 5G network. The implication is obvious benefits in enhanced system capacity, but also increased challenges in terms of interference. One important interference management technique which has been widely adopted in cellular networks is frequency reuse. In this article, an analysis is presented based on network interference and energy expended by base stations in downlink communication when Soft frequency reuse (SFR) is deployed. A framework is presented that captures the bandwidth overlaps in SFR across base station assignments, computes the interference probabilities arising and derives new performance equations which are verified using simulations. Results show an improvement of over previous SFR implementations that do not consider the interference probabilities. Thus, a more in-depth and accurate modelling of SFR in 5G networks is achieved. Furthermore, the downlink power allocation is investigated as against other parameters like the center ratio and edge bandwidth. The result shows that signal-to-interference-noise ratio (SINR) and spectral efficiency give different performance under energy consideration. A framework is developed on how to tune a base station to achieve desired network performance in user SINR or cell spectral efficiency depending on the operator’s preference.
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Song, Hua, Qiang Lu, Kangkang Yu, and Cheng Qian. "How do knowledge spillover and access in supply chain network enhance SMEs’ credit quality?" Industrial Management & Data Systems 119, no. 2 (March 11, 2019): 274–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imds-01-2018-0049.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand how knowledge spillover and access in a supply chain network enhance the credit quality in supply chain finance (SCF) of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Design/methodology/approach Drawing on network theory and a knowledge-based view (KBV) of SCF, this paper proposes a theoretical model and tests it using survey data from a sample of 248 SMEs in China. Findings The main finding is that both strong ties and dense ties within a supply chain network have positive effects on SMEs’ credit quality, and these effects are mediated by knowledge spillover and knowledge access. Interestingly, knowledge spillover is found to have a positive effect on knowledge access. Originality/value This paper is the first to investigate the relationship between supply chain network and supply chain financing from a KBV. The proposed model captures the complexity in the interaction among different attributes of supply chain networks (i.e. strong ties and dense ties), different aspects of knowledge transfer (i.e. knowledge spillover and knowledge access) and SMEs’ credit quality in SCF. The results not only show the importance of SMEs’ supply chain networks to SMEs’ credit quality but also contribute to the understanding of the KBV in SCF.
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Ioulianou, Philokypros P., Vassilios G. Vassilakis, and Siamak F. Shahandashti. "A Trust-Based Intrusion Detection System for RPL Networks: Detecting a Combination of Rank and Blackhole Attacks." Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy 2, no. 1 (March 9, 2022): 124–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcp2010009.
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Routing attacks are a major security issue for Internet of Things (IoT) networks utilising routing protocols, as malicious actors can overwhelm resource-constrained devices with denial-of-service (DoS) attacks, notably rank and blackhole attacks. In this work, we study the impact of the combination of rank and blackhole attacks in the IPv6 routing protocol for low-power and lossy (RPL) networks, and we propose a new security framework for RPL-based IoT networks (SRF-IoT). The framework includes a trust-based mechanism that detects and isolates malicious attackers with the help of an external intrusion detection system (IDS). Both SRF-IoT and IDS are implemented in the Contiki-NG operating system. Evaluation of the proposed framework is based on simulations using the Whitefield framework that combines both the Contiki-NG and the NS-3 simulator. Analysis of the simulations of the scenarios under active attacks showed the effectiveness of deploying SRF-IoT with 92.8% packet delivery ratio (PDR), a five-fold reduction in the number of packets dropped, and a three-fold decrease in the number of parent switches in comparison with the scenario without SRF-IoT. Moreover, the packet overhead introduced by SRF-IoT in attack scenarios is minimal at less than 2%. Obtained results suggest that the SRF-IoT framework is an efficient and promising solution that combines trust-based and IDS-based approaches to protect IoT networks against routing attacks. In addition, our solution works by deploying a watchdog mechanism on detector nodes only, leaving unaffected the operation of existing smart devices.
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Svrzić, Slađan, and Julijan Bojanov. "Transmission of Q-signaling by the tunneling procedure in the automatic telephone network of integrated services of the Serbian Armed Forces." Vojnotehnicki glasnik 70, no. 1 (2022): 169–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/vojtehg70-33204.
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Introduction/purpose: To specify the practical application of ECMA355 and ECMA-336 Standards for Q-SIG tunneling and the implementation of mapping functions via the existing IP (Internet Protocol) network of the Serbian Armed Forces (Intranet SAF), in the Private Automatic Telephone Network SAF (PATN SAF), as the main part of the Private telecommunication-information networks of integrated services SAF (PISN SAF). Methods: Description of the implemented solution and analysis of the software parameters of the established transmission SIP route, with the display of the results obtained in the fight with jitter and echo in the network. Results: With such a solution, it was achieved that participants from the peripheral parts of the PISN SAF, which operate on the principle of transmission and circuit switching by TDM (Time Division Multiplexing), can connect with each other via the newly established central IP network SAF (Core network) which operates on the principle of transmission and switching packets with the SIP (Session Initiation Protocol), without losing the functionality of QSIG from the framework of the digital telecommunication network of integrated services ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network). Conclusion: The article deals with the modern IP PINX (Private Integrated Services Network Exchange) manufactured by Mitel, type MX-ONE Service Node 6.0, which is implemented at the transit level PATN SAF and which successfully implements the process of tunneling Q-SIG through the IP network and the necessary functions for mapping the transmission of tunneled QSIG messages and mapping voice (and other audio) information to VoIP (Voice over IP) communication media streams through that network. Also, the basic elements for its software preparation during the introduction of a new SIP route, with a capacity of 30 IP trunks in a transmission beam realized with 100 Mb/s-T Ethernet, are given, and the fight with the present jitter and echo in the network is described. Finally, the paper presents the experience-based values of the parameters for reducing the influence of jitter and suppressing echo.
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Jacqueline, Sébastien, Catherine Bunel, and Laurent Lengignon. "Enhancement of ESD performances of Silicon Capacitors for RFID solutions." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2020, no. 1 (September 1, 2020): 000085–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2380-4505-2020.1.000085.
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Abstract Radio-Frequency IDentification devices such as smart cards and RFID tags are based on the presence of a resonant tuned LC circuit associated to the RFID Integrated Circuit (IC). The use of discrete capacitor, external to the IC gives greater flexibility and design freedom. In the race of miniaturization, manufacturers of RFID devices always require smaller electronic components. To save space and in the same time improve performances, capacitors are exposed to height and volume constraints. In the same time, the capacitor has to withstand ESD stresses that can occur during the assembly of the device and during operation. Murata has developed a unique thin capacitor technology in silicon. This paper reports the development of a range of low profile capacitors with enhanced ESD performances. The manufacturing process optimization and the design adjustments will be presented here. The process was optimized by taking into account the main electrical parameters: leakage current, breakdown voltage, capacitance density, capacitance accuracy, Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) and Self-Resonant Frequency (SRF). The dielectric stack was defined in order to integrate up to 330pF in 0402 case. The process architecture, based on accurate planar capacitor with thick dielectric will be discussed. With this architecture there is no constraint to reach low thickness, such as 100μm or even lower. The ESD threshold of each Silicon Capacitor was investigated with design variations associated to Human Body Model measurements. A Single Project Wafer (SPW) was founded with 36 different capacitor designs. Design modulations specifically addressed the orientation and position of the contacts openings. Special care was taken to maximize the width of the contact holes and metal tracks. A mosaic approach, constructed out of a massive network of parallelized elementary cells was also implemented, so that the charges of the ESD pulse do not concentrate at the same place, leading to electrical failure. Examples of defects due to ESD stress will be shown with failure analysis cross-sections and ways to enhance the ESD threshold by design will be illustrated.
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Liu, Qingliang, and Jinmei Lai. "Stochastic Loss Function." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 04 (April 3, 2020): 4884–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i04.5925.
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Training deep neural networks is inherently subject to the predefined and fixed loss functions during optimizing. To improve learning efficiency, we develop Stochastic Loss Function (SLF) to dynamically and automatically generating appropriate gradients to train deep networks in the same round of back-propagation, while maintaining the completeness and differentiability of the training pipeline. In SLF, a generic loss function is formulated as a joint optimization problem of network weights and loss parameters. In order to guarantee the requisite efficiency, gradients with the respect to the generic differentiable loss are leveraged for selecting loss function and optimizing network weights. Extensive experiments on a variety of popular datasets strongly demonstrate that SLF is capable of obtaining appropriate gradients at different stages during training, and can significantly improve the performance of various deep models on real world tasks including classification, clustering, regression, neural machine translation, and objection detection.
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Ruan, Peifeng, Ya Wang, Ronglai Shen, and Shuang Wang. "Using association signal annotations to boost similarity network fusion." Bioinformatics 35, no. 19 (February 19, 2019): 3718–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btz124.
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Abstract Motivation Recent technology developments have made it possible to generate various kinds of omics data, which provides opportunities to better solve problems such as disease subtyping or disease mapping using more comprehensive omics data jointly. Among many developed data-integration methods, the similarity network fusion (SNF) method has shown a great potential to identify new disease subtypes through separating similar subjects using multi-omics data. SNF effectively fuses similarity networks with pairwise patient similarity measures from different types of omics data into one fused network using both shared and complementary information across multiple types of omics data. Results In this article, we proposed an association-signal-annotation boosted similarity network fusion (ab-SNF) method, adding feature-level association signal annotations as weights aiming to up-weight signal features and down-weight noise features when constructing subject similarity networks to boost the performance in disease subtyping. In various simulation studies, the proposed ab-SNF outperforms the original SNF approach without weights. Most importantly, the improvement in the subtyping performance due to association-signal-annotation weights is amplified in the integration process. Applications to somatic mutation data, DNA methylation data and gene expression data of three cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas project suggest that the proposed ab-SNF method consistently identifies new subtypes in each cancer that more accurately predict patient survival and are more biologically meaningful. Availability and implementation The R package abSNF is freely available for downloading from https://github.com/pfruan/abSNF. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Armitage, Neil. "The Biographical Network Method." Sociological Research Online 21, no. 2 (May 2016): 165–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.3827.
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This article introduces a network visualization method that enables a thorough analysis of the link between life history and social networks. Network visualizations are generally static, and as such they tend to disguise rather than uncover change and continuity within networks, and the influence that certain events may have on someone's sociability. The Biographical Network (BN) is a mixed method approach combining life story interviews with formal SNA that attempts to overcome the consequences of this lack of dynamism in network visualizations. In the first part of the article the underpinnings of the BN design and the logistics of the method are outlined in relation to a doctoral study on cultural cosmopolitanism. In the second part findings from applying the BN method with 28 young British and Spanish adults living in Madrid and Manchester are used to demonstrate its utility and its limitations for sociological analysis.
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Repetti, Massimo. "Token Salaries and Social Answers in Work Relations in Africa." Sociological Research Online 4, no. 2 (July 1999): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.221.
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In Dakar, faced with crisis and uncertainty, social answers begin to appear. Only those having a supportive social network could find a place in the labour's market. The observation of the daily routine of any of Dakarís micro-businesses and its social aspects, reveals the wide area of interference that exists between waged worker and the relation networks with family and relatives, ethnic groups and Muslim brotherhoods. The urban economy is supported by a network of family, alliance, and client relations. The overlap existing between waged and unwaged work can be understood only by looking closely at the network of social ties present outside the production site. Switching from the analysis of urban work relationships in Africa to the analysis of social networks is almost spontaneous, because a system of relational actions and strategies grows around the figure of the worker. The importance of the “strength of weak ties” in procuring employment is as a whole confirmed, but African sociability creates an intense inter-network relational interchange. Dakarís urban space feeds a “popular economy” where social networks and the gift-giving logic co-exist with market economy. This economy utilise different wage embryos or tokens salaries for each of the social players.