Relevant bibliographies by topics / Squat

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Squat'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Squat"

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Kristiansen, Eirik, Stian Larsen, Markus E. Haugen, Eric Helms, and Roland van den Tillaar. "A Biomechanical Comparison of the Safety-Bar, High-Bar and Low-Bar Squat around the Sticking Region among Recreationally Resistance-Trained Men and Women." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16 (August 6, 2021): 8351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168351.

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Barbell placement can affect squat performance around the sticking region. This study compared kinematics, kinetics, and myoelectric activity of the safety-bar squat with the high-bar, and low-bar squat around the sticking region. Six recreationally resistance-trained men (26.3 ± 3.1 years, body mass: 81 ± 7.7 kg) and eight women (22.1 ± 2.2 years, body mass: 65.7 ± 10.5 kg) performed three repetition maximums in all three squat conditions. The participants lifted the least load with the safety bar followed by the high-bar and then the low-bar squat. Greater myoelectric activity of the gluteus maximus was observed during safety-bar squats than high-bar squats. Also, larger knee extension moments were observed for the safety bar compared with low-bar squat. Men had higher myoelectric activity in the safety-bar condition for the gluteus maximus during all regions in comparison with women, and greater knee valgus at the second occurrence of peak barbell velocity. Our findings suggest that the more upright torso inclination during the safety-bar could allow greater gluteus maximus contribution to the hip extensor moment. Moreover, low-bar squats allowed the greatest loads to be lifted, followed by the high-bar and safety-bar squats, possibly due to the larger hip moments and similar knee moments compared to the other squat conditions. Therefore, when the goal is to lift the greatest load possible among recreationally trained men and women, they should first attempt squatting with a low-bar technique, and if the goal is to increase myoelectric activity in the gluteus maximus, a safety-bar squat may be the more effective than the high- bar squat.
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Talarico, Maria K., Robert C. Lynall, Timothy C. Mauntel, Erin B. Wasserman, Darin A. Padua, and Jason P. Mihalik. "Effect of Single-Leg Squat Speed and Depth on Dynamic Postural Control Under Single-Task and Dual-Task Paradigms." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 35, no. 4 (August 1, 2019): 272–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2018-0327.

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Although single-leg squats are a common dynamic balance clinical assessment, little is known about the relationship between parameters that influence squat movement and postural control performance. The objective of this study was to determine the relationships between squat parameters (speed and depth) and postural control under single task and dual task. A total of 30 healthy college students performed single-leg squats under single task and dual task with Stroop. Random-intercepts generalized linear mixed models determined the effect of squat parameters on center of pressure (CoP) parameters. For each 1-cm·s−1 increase in squat speed, sway range (mediolateral: β = −0.03; anteroposterior: β = −0.05) and area (β = −0.25) decreased, whereas sway speed (mediolateral: β = 0.05; anteroposterior: β = 0.29; total: β = 0.29) increased. For each 1-cm increase in squat depth, sway range (mediolateral: β = 0.05; anteroposterior: β = 0.20) and area (β = 0.72) increased, whereas sway speed (anteroposterior: β = −0.14; total: β = −0.14) decreased. Compared with single task, the association between total and anteroposterior sway speed and squat speed was stronger under dual task. Clinicians and researchers should consider monitoring squat speed and depth when assessing dynamic balance during single-leg squats, as these parameters influence postural control, especially under dual task.
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Schaub, Peter A., and Teddy W. Worrell. "EMG Activity of Six Muscles and VMO:VL Ratio Determination during a Maximal Squat Exercise." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 4, no. 3 (August 1995): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.4.3.195.

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During knee rehabilitation, squats are a commonly used closed kinetic chain exercise. We have been unable to locate data reporting electromyographic (EMG) activity of lower extremity musculature during maximal effort squats and the contribution of gastrocnemius and gluteus maximus muscles. Therefore, the purposes of this study were (a) to quantify EMG activity of selected lower extremity muscles during a maximal isometric squat and during a maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), and (b) to determine ratios between the vastus medialis oblique (VMO) and vastus lateralis (VL) during maximal isometric squat and MVIC testing. Twenty-three subjects participated in a single testing session. Results are as follows: intraclass correlations for MVIC testing and squat testing ranged from .60 to .80 and .70 to .90, respectively. Percentage MVIC during the squat was as follows: rectus femoris 40 ± 30%, VMO 90 ± 70%, VL 70 ±40%, hamstrings 10 ± 10%, gluteus maximus 20 ± 10%, and gastrocnemius 30 ± 20%. No statistical difference existed in VMO:VL ratios during MVIC or squat testing. We conclude that large variations in muscle recruitment patterns occur between individuals during isometric squats.
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Contreras, Bret, Andrew D. Vigotsky, Brad J. Schoenfeld, Chris Beardsley, and John Cronin. "A Comparison of Gluteus Maximus, Biceps Femoris, and Vastus Lateralis Electromyography Amplitude in the Parallel, Full, and Front Squat Variations in Resistance-Trained Females." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 32, no. 1 (February 2016): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2015-0113.

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Front, full, and parallel squats are some of the most popular squat variations. The purpose of this investigation was to compare mean and peak electromyography (EMG) amplitude of the upper gluteus maximus, lower gluteus maximus, biceps femoris, and vastus lateralis of front, full, and parallel squats. Thirteen healthy women (age = 28.9 ± 5.1 y; height = 164 ± 6.3 cm; body mass = 58.2 ± 6.4 kg) performed 10 repetitions of their estimated 10-repetition maximum of each respective variation. There were no statistical (P = .05) differences between full, front, and parallel squats in any of the tested muscles. Given these findings, it can be concluded that the front, full, or parallel squat can be performed for similar EMG amplitudes. However, given the results of previous research, it is recommended that individuals use a full range of motion when squatting, assuming full range can be safely achieved, to promote more favorable training adaptations. Furthermore, despite requiring lighter loads, the front squat may provide a similar training stimulus to the back squat.
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Jarosz, Jakub, Paulina Królikowska, Patryk Matykiewicz, Piotr Aschenbrenner, Paulina Ewertowska, and Michał Krzysztofik. "Effects of Flywheel vs. Free-Weight Squats and Split Squats on Jumping Performance and Change of Direction Speed in Soccer Players." Sports 11, no. 7 (June 23, 2023): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports11070124.

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The objective of this study was to compare (i) The effects of a flywheel and free-weight resistance training program; and (ii) The effects of performing lateral and frontal split squats as part of a flywheel-resistance training program on jumping performance, the 5–0–5 change of direction test time, and the one-repetition maximum (1RM) back squat in soccer players. Twenty-four male amateur soccer players participated in this study and were randomly and equally assigned to one of three different test groups: forward split-squat group (FSQ); lateral split-squat group (LSQ); and free-weight training group (TRAD). Athletes in the FSQ group performed a squat and a forward split squat on a flywheel device, while those in the LSQ group performed a squat and a lateral split squat (instead of a forward split squat) on a flywheel device. Each training lasted 4 weeks. The main finding was that all training groups, such as TRAD, FSQ, and LSQ, significantly improved broad jump length (p = 0.001; effect size [ES] = 0.36), 5–0–5 COD time with a turn on the dominant limb (p = 0.038; ES = 0.49), and 1RM back squat (p = 0.001; ES = 0.4). In turn, both flywheel-resistance training groups (FSQ and LSQ) significantly improved their counter-movement jump height (p = 0.001; ES = 0.8 and p = 0.002; ES = 0.58; respectively) with no effect in the TRAD (p = 0.676; ES = 0.07) training group. Both free-weight and flywheel-resistance training lasting 4 weeks performed in-season contributed to significant improvement in 1RM back squat, broad jump performance, and 5–0–5 change of direction testing time, while flywheel-resistance training might be superior in counter-movement jump height enhancement in soccer players. Moreover, the manner in which split squats were performed was not a factor influencing the obtained results.
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Nasrulloh, Ahmad, Putri Deviana, Rina Yuniana, and Kukuh Wahyudin Pratama. "The Effect of Squat Training and Leg Length in Increasing the Leg Power of Volleyball Extracurricular Participants." Teorìâ ta Metodika Fìzičnogo Vihovannâ 21, no. 3 (September 25, 2021): 244–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2021.3.08.

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The study purpose. This study aims to see: (1) The difference in the effect of barbell squat and resistance band squat exercises on the increase in leg power. (2) The difference in influence between players who have high leg height and low leg length on the increase in leg power. (3) The interaction of barbell squat and resistance band squat exercises with leg length (high and low) to increase the power of volleyball extracurricular participants. Materials and Methods. This is an experimental research using a 2 × 2 factorial design. The population in this study were 38 volleyball extracurricular participants at SMA Negeri 1 Sedayu. The sample in this study may be 20 people. Instruments used for measuring: a tape measure for the length of the legs and a vertical jump for the power of the legs. The data analysis technique used was two-way ANOVA. Results. The result showed that (1) There was a significant effect between barbell squat and resistance band squat exercises on the increase in the power of volleyball extracurricular participants, with an F value of 65.789 and a significance value of p = 0.000 (<0.05). The squat group has a higher resistance band (good) compared to the barbell squat group with an average difference of 2.5. (2) There was a significant difference in the effect of players who have high leg height and low leg length on the increase in leg power of volleyball extracurricular participants, it is proven that the F value is 38.000 and the significance value is p = 0.000 (<0.05). Players who have high leg length are higher (good) compared to players who have low leg length with an average difference of 1.90. (3) There was a significant interaction between barbell squat and resistance band squat and leg length (high and low) on the leg power increase of volleyball extracurricular members, with an F value of 88.256 and a significance of p = 0.000 (<0.05). Conclusions. There was a significant difference in the effect of barbell squats and resistance band squats on increasing leg power, there was a significant difference in the effect between players who have high leg length and low leg length on the increase in leg power, and There is a significant interaction between barbell squats and squat resistance bands and leg length (high and low) on the increase in leg power of volleyball extracurricular participants.
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SINCLAIR, JONATHAN, CHRIS EDMUNDSON, STEPHEN ATKINS, PAUL JOHN TAYLOR, and HAYLEY VINCENT. "The effect of front and back squat techniques on peak loads experienced by the Achilles tendon." Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity 7, no. 3 (September 30, 2015): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.29359/bjhpa.07.3.01.

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Background: A primary technique in the discipline of strength and conditioning the squat has two principal ‘back and front’ variants. Despite the physiological and strength benefits of the squat, the propensity for musculoskeletal injury is high. The current investigation examined the influence of the front and back squat variations on the load experienced by the Achilles tendon. Material/Methods: Achilles tendon loads were obtained from eighteen experienced male participants as they completed both back and front squats. Differences between squat conditions were examined using Bonferroni adjusted (p = 0.0125) paired t-tests. Results: The results showed that the peak Achilles tendon load was significantly greater in the back squat (2.67 ±0.74 B.W) condition compared to the front squat (2.37 ±0.69 B.W). Conclusions: Given the proposed relationship between the magnitude of the load experienced by the Achilles tendon and tendon pathology, the back squat appears to place lifters at greater risk from Achilles tendon injury. Therefore, it may be prudent for lifters who are predisposed to Achilles tendon pathology to utilize the front squat in their training.
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SINCLAIR, JONATHAN, DARRELL BROOKS, and STEPHEN ATKINS. "An examination of the hamstring and the quadriceps muscle kinematics during the front and back squat in males." Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity 9, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.29359/bjhpa.09.1.04.

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The aim of the current investigation was to examine the influence of the front and back squat variants on the hamstring and the quadriceps muscles kinematics. Eighteen male participants were recruited with 1 repetition maximum values of 122.7 ±16.4 and 88.7 ±13.9 kg for the back and front squat lifts. Participants completed both back and front squats at 70% of their front squat 1 repetition maximum. The hamstring and the quadriceps muscle kinematics were determined during kinetic situations using motion capture data, in addition to segmental and joint kinematics. Differences between squat conditions were examined using paired samples t-tests.The results showed that there were no differences in either segmental/joint or muscle kinematics between the front and back squat lifts. These findings lead to the conclusion that neither the front nor the back squat conditions differ in terms of their eccentric and concentric recruitment of the quadriceps and hamstring muscles.
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Szyszka, Paulina, Weronika Zielińska-Stubińska, and Agnieszka Chwaluk. "Modelling Front and Back Squat Record Scores in Long-Term Training of Young Weightlifters." Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism 29, no. 4 (December 1, 2022): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjst-2022-0021.

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Abstract Introduction. Front and back squats are multi-joint exercises used in sports to develop strength, power and muscle mass. Due to their movement structure and involvement of the main muscle groups, they are training measures that are used in strength training in various sports. A long-term training process leading to sports mastery requires the correct selection of loads as well as objective control of the training effects to date, both short-term and long-term. The aim of this study was to create a statistical model and to determine with it the character of the changes in the record scores in the front and back squat of young weight-lifters over a two-year training cycle. Material and Methods. The study included 17 young athletes training in competitive weightlifting. Recorded scores in the front squat and back squat were measured seven times (every three months over a two-year training cycle). The progression method was used to determine the maximum load, and the repetition with the highest load (1RM) was used in the calculations. Results. The subjects performed better in the back squat, but the difference between the results for both squats was approximately constant over the two-year training cycle. The time courses of both squats were similar over the analysed period. Systematic increases in maximum results were observed. The first statistically non-significant differences between the mean record values in successive measurements were found between the sixth and seventh measurements for both squats. Conclusions. Determining the relationship between front and back squat record scores can contribute to the optimisation of training loads in sports using strength training. Obtaining an analytical form of the course of record scores over time for both squats helps to assess the skill level of athletes and predict their performance in the next training macro-cycle.
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Sinclair, J., S. Atkins, N. Kudiersky, PJ Taylor, and H. Vincent. "Effects of front and back squat techniques on patellofemoral joint kinetics in males." Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics 2, no. 1 (October 14, 2015): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jbei.v2n1p76.

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Purpose: The barbell squat is fundamental in strength and conditioning, with two principal variants; the back and front squat. Unfortunately, the propensity for injury is high particularly at the knee. The aim of the current investigation was examine the influence of front and back squat variations on patellofemoral joint load. Methods: Patellofemoral loads were obtained from thirty-five experienced male participants, who completed both back and front squats at 70% of 1 RM. Differences between squat conditions were examined using Bonferroni adjusted (P = .008) paired t-tests. Results: The results showed that significant differences (P < .008) in patellofemoral load were identified between both conditions with the highest load being experienced during the back squat exercise. Conclusions: Given the proposed relationship between the magnitude of the load experienced by the patellofemoral joint and associated injury pathology, the back squat appears to place lifters at greater risk from injury. Therefore, it may be prudent therefore for lifters who are predisposed to patellofemoral pain syndrome to utilize the front squat in their training.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Squat"

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Björk, Oscar. "Post-activation Potentiation in Moderately Heavy Squats following a Heavy Pre-load Squat." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Biomekanik och biomedicin, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-26290.

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Abstract Post-activation potentiation (PAP) is a phenomenon where force output is acutely enhanced following muscular contraction. Previous research has documented enhanced performance in power-type light exercise following a heavy pre-load, such as vertical jumps following heavy squats. To date, the effect of PAP on moderately heavy exercise following a heavy pre-load has not been investigated. Purpose: The purpose was to examine whether PAP could be elicited in moderately heavy squats following a heavy squat pre-load, and if so, what intensity (as percentage of one repetition-maximum [1RM]) of pre-load elicited the highest PAP effect (measured as mean power, mean force and number of repetitions performed). Subjects: Seventeen resistance-trained males (age 24±2 years, length 182±8 cm, body mass 84.7±13.1 kg, squat 1RM 147.6±29.6 kg) with at least 2 years of experience of the squat exercise. Methods: After testing parallel squat 1RM at a separate session, subjects performed three testing sessions in a randomized order in a cross-over design; performance test at 80% of parallel squat 1RM (control), one repetition at 85% of 1RM followed 8 minutes later by the same performance test (PAP85), and one repetition at 93% of 1RM followed 8 minutes later by the same performance test (PAP93). Sessions were separated by six days. Force and power output was recorded using a linear encoder. Friedman’s test was used to reveal differences between conditions, and a Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to identify these differences. Results: There was an increase in number of repetitions performed for PAP85 (p=0.009) and PAP93 (p=0.001) compared to control, but not for mean power or mean force. There was no significant difference between PAP85 and PAP93 for number of repetitions (p=0.091). Conclusion: PAP can be elicited to improve performance in moderately heavy squats following a heavy squat pre-load in trained subjects, but only measured as number of repetitions performed, not force or power. PAP could therefore be useful not only for designing power training, but also for strength and hypertrophy training. KEYWORDS: squat, post-activation potentiation, PAP, strength, power, hypertrophy.
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Suchomel, Timothy J. "The Acute Effects of Ballistic and Non-Ballistic Concentric-Only Half-Squats on Squat Jump Performance." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2533.

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The purposes of this dissertation were to examine bilateral asymmetry as a factor of postactivation potentiation, examine and compare the acute effects of ballistic and non-ballistic concentric-only half-squats on squat jump performance, and compare the potentiation and temporal profiles of strong and weak subjects following potentiation protocols that included ballistic and non-ballistic concentric-only half-squats. The following are major findings of the dissertation. Squat jump performance may be acutely enhanced following ballistic concentriconly half-squats; however the changes in performance do not appear to be related to bilateral symmetry. Ballistic concentric-only half-squats acutely improve various squat jump performance variables at various time intervals; however the changes in performance are not related to the bilateral symmetry of the subject. Ballistic concentric-only half-squats produced superior acute potentiation effects with regard to jump height, peak power, and allometricallyscaled peak power as compared to non-ballistic concentric-only half-squats and a control protocol. Stronger subjects potentiated earlier and to a greater extent as compared to their weaker counterparts. This dissertation indicates that bilateral symmetry may not be considered as an underlying factor affecting postactivation potentiation. However, it is suggested that future research should continue to investigate the factors that are associated with postactivation potentiation. The findings of this dissertation also demonstrate the importance of how an individual performs a concentric-only squatting motion. By training with ballistic movements, a greater training stimulus may be achieved as compared to training with non-ballistic movements. While this dissertation discussed the acute potentiation differences between ballistic and nonballistic concentric-only half-squats, longitudinal research is needed to determine if different training effects result from each training method. This dissertation also supports that notion that stronger individuals may benefit more with regard to potentiation effects. In order to optimize performance and realize the greatest potentiation effects, it is recommended that greater levels of relative strength should be sought. It is suggested that further research is needed on the longitudinal differences in the potentiation effects an individual can realize based on their strength levels.
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McCormick, Ray William. "Guidebook to teaching the parallel squat." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2598.

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The information covered in this project is intended to give the physical educator and coach an easy-to-follow manual with illustrations to guide them through basic instructions on the parallel squat. This project will include biomechanical principles of the squat exercise.
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Josefsson, Anthony. "The Kinematic Differences Between a Barbell Back Squat Wearing Weightlifting Shoes and Barefoot." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-31201.

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Abstract Background: The squat is one of the most used exercises in the field of strength and conditioning. It is included as a core exercise in many sports training programmes to enhance athletic performance due to its biomechanical and neuromuscular similarities of a wide range of athletic movements. The barbell squat commonly used by athletes participating in resistance training and it is generally performed using regular athletic shoes or specially designed weightlifting shoes. However it is now getting more common to perform the barbell back squat in barefoot or in barefoot-inspired foot wear. Weightlifting shoes may be well known to weightlifters but to the noncompetitive lifters and professional athletes they are in general unfamiliar. It is believed that the structure of the weightlifting shoe supports proper squat mechanism. There is however limited scientific data reporting on the use of weightlifting shoes and therefore, it may be needed to investigate how weightlifting shoes affects the lower body lifting kinematics in the back squat compared to other conditions. Aim: The aim of the study was to compare the kinematic differences that appears in the sagittal plane when performing a barbell back squat wearing weightlifting shoes and barefoot. Method: Fifteen healthy participants (n=15) completed the study. The study included the barbell back squat in three sets of three repetitions on 50, 60 and 70% of the participant’s 1RM. The participants performed the movement in both weightlifting shoes and barefoot in an order randomly chosen and all movements was recorded with a digital camera from the sagittal plane. Results: The results showed that the angles were greater in the weightlifting shoe condition on all percentage. The results showed that there was no statistical significance in the hip angle at 50% of 1RM (p= 0,370) or at 70% (p = 0,053) but a statistical significance in the hip angle at 60 % (p = 0,028). The results showed no statistical significance in the ankle angle at 50% of 1RM (p = 0,997), 60% (p = 0,182) or 70 % (p = 0,332). Conclusion: Findings from this study did not demonstrate that there was a significant difference between performing a barbell back squat in weightlifting shoes and barefoot. More research is needed to investigate and compare more variables in the difference between performing a barbell back squat wearing weightlifting shoes and barefoot.
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Pilette, Claude F. "Behavior of earthquake resistant squat shear walls." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5358.

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Duda, Kevin R. 1979. "Squat exercise biomechanics during short-radius centrifugation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38525.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2007.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Vita.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 178-187).
Artificial gravity (AG) created by short-radius centrifugation is a promising countermeasure to the physiological de-conditioning that results from long-duration spaceflight. However, as on Earth, gravity alone does not ensure fitness. We will need to supplement passive exposure to AG with physical exercise to achieve a comprehensive countermeasure. Before AG exercise can be deemed safe and effective, we must understand how Coriolis accelerations and a gravity gradient affect our biomechanics and how centrifuge-based exercises differ from Earth-upright ones. Two experiments were designed to investigate the squat biomechanics while upright in the laboratory and while lying supine on a horizontal, clockwise-rotating short-radius centrifuge at speeds up to 30 revolutions per minute. Constant force springs provided additional resistive force up to 25% of body weight. Dependent measure included the three-dimensional position of the left and right knee, left and right foot reaction forces, and muscle activity. We investigated the Coriolis-induced mediolateral knee perturbations and the sensory-motor after-effects from a multiple repetition protocol. The upright and centrifuge biomechanics were compared for similarities and differences between them. In addition, a two-dimensional kinematic model was developed to predict foot reaction forces, Coriolis accelerations, and joint torques.
(cont.) Our results show that mediolateral knee travel during the AG squats was 1.0 to 2.0 centimeters greater than Earth-upright squats. Increasing the rotation rate or adding resistive force did not affect the results. The peak foot forces increased with rotation rate, but rarely exceeded 200% body weight. The ratio of left-to-right foot force during centrifugation was non-constant and approximately sinusoidal, suggesting a postural correction for the Coriolis accelerations. There was a qualitative difference in the foot force vs. knee angle profile between upright and centrifuge-supine because of the centripetal acceleration. Muscle activity, however, was qualitatively similar between the conditions. The kinematic model was used to evaluate the exercise safety and extend the results to larger-radius centrifuges. We conclude that centrifugation provides a unique and challenging environment for exercise and that a brief artificial gravity squat can be carried out safely. The results are extended to cycle ergometry, when possible, and recommendations are made for future AG squat protocols. Supported by NASA Grant NNJ04HD64G and the MIT-Italy Program Progetto Roberto Rocca.
by Kevin Ronald Duda.
Ph.D.
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Bouillon, Florence. "Les mondes du squat : anthropologie d'un habitat précaire /." Paris : Presses universitaires de France : ["Le Monde"], 2009. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41444849n.

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Brown, Sarah E. "Electromyographical Analysis of Barefoot Squat: A Clinical Perspective." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/58.

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The purpose of this study was to compare muscle activation in eight superficial lower limb muscles during execution of barbell back squats while in barefoot and athletic shoe conditions. It was hypothesized that greater muscle activity would be seen when squats were performed in barefoot conditions. Six participants were included in the study (means: 21.33±1.53 years, 170.45±11.33cm height, 69.85±12.46kg mass, 3.4±1.40 years training). Each met specific inclusion criteria. Participants came in three separate days for data collection (Day 1 – 1 repetition maximum [1RM] was determined, Day 2 – maximum voluntary contraction tests were held, Day 3 – squat tests performed with two footwear conditions). Squat tests were performed at 60, 70, and 80% of participants’ 1RM for each footwear condition and EMG data was recorded for these tests. Paired-sample T-tests were used to see if any differences were present between footwear conditions during eccentric and concentric phases of the squat, regardless of intensity. To test for differences between eccentric and concentric phases of the squat by intensity, 2x3 repeated measure ANOVAs were performed. Results showed some statistical difference between footwear conditions for two muscles in eccentric phase and no statistical significance for difference in concentric phase when compared without regard to intensity. When comparing footwear conditions at each intensity, main effects, as well as statistical significance, were found between footwear conditions in the eccentric phase. Main effects, but no statistical significance, were found in the concentric phase. The results indicate that EMG activity is greater for certain lower extremity muscles during the eccentric portion of a squat when under barefoot conditions.
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Sato, Kimitake, Kevin M. Carroll, and Michael H. Stone. "Examination of Bar Velocity in Barbell Back Squat." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4568.

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The aim of the study was to examine repetition to repetition changes of bar velocity and its variations from barbell back squat. Participants (N=19) performed back squat with a relative intensity of 78-80% of 1 RM. Bar velocity was captured using wireless device (PUSHtm) placed on their forearm. Data were collected from 3 sets of 10 repetitions. One-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to identify the velocity changes over 10 repetitions. Statistical significance was found (F(1,17)=45.06.~ 0 . 0 0 0 1 )T.h is indicates that the bar velocity decreased significantly over the 10 repetitions. At the same time, coefficient of variance also increased as the repetitions went higher, indicating that there were differences in individual responses of bar velocity changes. Further examination will be aimed to investigate the bar velocity changes from various strength level of individuals.
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Kruger, Sarah E. "A dynamical systems investigation of loaded jump squat kinematics." Virtual Press, 2005. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1314334.

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The purpose of this project was to assess the coordination and performance of the jump squat movement for multiple loading conditions. Seventeen male subjects between 18 and 30 years of age, performed two jump squats for each loading condition, 0-60% of their one repetition maximum (1 RM) incremented by 10% for each trial. Video capture was used to assess kinematics and a force platform in combination with a linear position transducer was used to determine power. All of the peak power values occurred between 0% and 30% of 1 RM and there was an overall linear decrease in power output from 0-60% (p = 0.000). The shank-thigh and thigh-trunk mean absolute relative phase (MARP) values were shown to have linear increases from 0-60%, with p-values of 0.003 and 0.014 respectively. The MARP values calculated from 0-30% were significantly different than those at 60% for both segmental relationships. These results indicate that optimal jump squat performance occurs from 0-30% of 1 RM.
School of Physical Education, Sport, and Exercise Science
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Books on the topic "Squat"

1

Ortlepp, Bruno. Natural squat. Lower Sackville, N.S: Peltro Limited, 1989.

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Anna, Koós, and Artists Space (Gallery), eds. Squat Theatre. New York: Artists Space, 1996.

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Coville, Bruce. The wrath of Squat. New York: Minstrel, 1994.

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Tilmont, Michèle, Claire Gillio, and Josette Marie-Jean-Robert. À la croisée de lieux et de chroniques: Les gens de la rue : figures de SDF entre action publique et rôle des "passeurs". La Défense, France: Plan, urbanisme, contruction, architecture, 2006.

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Bravo, Émile. Goldilocks and the seven squat bears. New York: Yen Press, 2010.

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Now, Poetry, ed. Squat diddley: Londonderry and Co Antrim. Werrington: Poetry Now, 1993.

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Bender, Texas Bix. Don't squat with yer spurs on II. Salt Lake City: Gibbs Smith, 1997.

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Field, Taylor. Squat. B&H Publishing Group, 2006.

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Squat. Hydra Publications, 2021.

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Squat! eBookit.com, 2021.

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Book chapters on the topic "Squat"

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Tuttle, Russell H., Benedikt Hallgrímsson, and Tamara Stein. "Heel, Squat, Stand, Stride." In Primate Locomotion, 435–48. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0092-0_22.

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Ankudinov, Vladimir, Larry Daggett, Carl Huval, and Christopher Hewlett. "Squat predictions for manoeuvring applications." In Marine Simulation and Ship Manoeuvrability, 467–95. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203748077-57.

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Giudici, Daniela. "(In)Visibility: On the Doorstep of a Mediatized Refugees’ Squat." In IMISCOE Research Series, 137–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23125-4_8.

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AbstractMigrants’ squats often inhabit marginal and “out of sight” urban areas, placed at the intersection of institutional neglect and alternative strategies for self-managed living. Yet, at times, migrants’ informal settlements become highly visible places, as they find themselves in the spotlight as symbols of governmental failure and urban decay. This chapter reflects on the hurdles and conundrums of negotiating access as a researcher within such a place. It is based on a number of ethnographic encounters that took place at “Ex-MOI”, a housing squat in Turin’s abandoned Olympic Village that became catalyst of local anxieties, as well as of national xenophobic propaganda. Entering a housing squat – at once a public and a private environment – is by no means obvious. Yet, this scenario offers a fertile perspective to look at some underlying aspects of the ethnographic encounter, such as research subjects’ resistance to the “ethnographic gaze”, cross-gender and cross-racial dynamics within fieldwork, as well as the role of the “unsaid” as a telling social act. Refugees’ refusal to be “domesticated” for academic purposes testifies to their multiple attempts at re-gaining control over the representation of their lives, as well as to the inherent political nature of acts of homemaking.
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Chen, Chao, Farong Gao, Chunling Sun, and Qiuxuan Wu. "Muscle Synergy Analysis for Stand-Squat and Squat-Stand Tasks with sEMG Signals." In Biometric Recognition, 545–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97909-0_58.

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Ramasamy, Priyanka, Swagata Das, and Yuichi Kurita. "Ski for Squat: A Squat Exergame with Pneumatic Gel Muscle-Based Dynamic Difficulty Adjustment." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 449–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78095-1_33.

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Ingle, Ray. "Squat Lobsters and Porcelain Crabs (Galatheoidea)." In Crayfishes, Lobsters and Crabs of Europe, 99–114. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5872-5_9.

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Hixson, Lin, and Matthew Goulish. "81 Sentences for Squat Theater Circa 1981." In The Creative Critic, 227–33. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315561059-32.

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Król, Henryk, and Krzysztof Kmiecik. "Are Leg Electromyogram Profiles Symmetrical During Full Squat?" In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 263–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97286-2_24.

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Pang, Yunxiang, Haiyang Sun, and Yiqun Pang. "Auxiliary Squat Training Method Based on Object Tracking." In Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies, 161–71. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-7742-8_13.

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Frank, Sebastian, and André van Hoorn. "SQuAT-Vis: Visualization and Interaction in Software Architecture Optimization." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 107–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59155-7_9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Squat"

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Li, Zili, Marija Molodova, Xin Zhao, and Rolf Dollevoet. "Squat Treatment by Way of Minimum Action Based on Early Detection to Reduce Life Cycle Costs." In 2010 Joint Rail Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2010-36184.

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Squats are a type of rolling contact fatigue on the top of rails of straight tracks or shallow curves. In some countries they have become a major type of rail damage. Although it is widely recognized that preventive and early corrective actions are cheaper than late remedies such as rail replacement, timely treatment is hindered by the lack of automatic detection of early squats. So far, the treatment of squats has mainly been dependent on ultrasonic detection, which detects deep cracks and is applicable only to severe squats. The life cycle costs (LCC) of squat-infected track are therefore high. The operational safety and availability of the networks are also adversely affected. Based on a new method which detects initiating squats, this paper proposes a methodology for squat related LCC reduction. First a squat classification is introduced that facilitates early identification of squats. Then the growth phases of squats are discussed; typical growth rate of squats is analyzed, and thereupon based threshold values for minimum action by rail grinding are proposed. After a review of the currently available detection methods, the new detection method is presented, with results of field test demonstrating the capability of the method to detect light squats. Finally, a case study of the LCC of a monitored squat-infected track section shows that the proposed treatment can significantly reduce the LCC. In addition, operational safety and network availability can also be improved.
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Scalera, Antonio, Luca Carotti, Pasquale Antuofermo, Pietro Pace, and Alan Calegari. "Automatic Assessment of Rail Squat Defects by Sensor Fusion." In 2024 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2024-130067.

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Abstract Railway infrastructure is the backbone of global transportation systems, necessitating constant attention to safety and reliability. Recent years have witnessed an increasing focus on monitoring rail defects, particularly surface defects known as squats. Traditionally squats are identified through labor-intensive visual inspection, ultrasonic inspection, and eddy currents; the need for more efficient and accurate detection methods has led to Axle Box Acceleration (ABA) use and the development of new methods based on machine vision systems. However, today still challenges persist in terms of quantity of defects generated and consequent severity level assignment. This paper introduces a novel approach to automatically assess rail squat defects through the fusion of machine vision data with vertical acceleration measurements from a train’s axle box. Our methodology involves data collection from both the machine vision and the ABA systems during regular operations. The integration of these data sources aims to correlate visual anomalies with the wheel dynamic behavior, focusing on squat defect location and severity. This integration aims to identify squats in their very early stage with a rate close to 100% and to automatically classify their severity level.
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Dolejšová, Markéta, and Cindy Lin Kaiying. "Squat & Grow." In CHI'16: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2898365.2899798.

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Caruntu, Dumitru I., and Ricardo Moreno. "On Squat Jump Exercise." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-66854.

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This paper deals with the mechanics of the human leg and forces in the muscles, ligaments, and joint contact in the leg during a squat jump exercise. An inverse dynamics approach is used in this work. A 2-D dynamic model of one limb in the sagittal plane is used to investigate this ballistic task. Results are then compared to data available in the literature. They show good agreement. The response of the ligament forces and the tibio-femoral contact point location during the exercise are reported.
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Debaillon, P., E. Lataire, and M. Vantorre. "Bank Effect on Ship Squat." In International Conference on Ship Manoeuvring in Shallow and Confined Water: Bank Effects. RINA, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3940/rina.bank.2009.02.

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Madake, Jyoti, Yash Wavare, Manasi Yadav, and Shripad Bhatlawande. "Vision-Based Squat Correctness System." In 2023 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain and Distributed Systems Security (ICBDS). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbds58040.2023.10346355.

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Kianifar, Rezvan, Alex Lee, Sachin Raina, and Dana Kulic. "Classification of squat quality with inertial measurement units in the single leg squat mobility test." In 2016 38th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc.2016.7592162.

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Kok, Zhen, Jonathan Duffy, Shuhong Chai, and Yuting Jin. "Benchmark Case Study of Scale Effect in Self-Propelled Container Ship Squat." In ASME 2020 39th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2020-18619.

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Abstract A URANS CFD-based study has been undertaken to investigate scale effect in container ship squat. Initially, CFD studies were carried out for the model scale benchmarking squat cases of a self-propelled DTC container ship. In this study, a quasi-static modelling approach was adopted where the hull was fixed from sinking and trimming which is computationally more efficient than dynamic mesh methods that models actual motion directly. Instead, the quasi-static approach allows estimation of the squat base on the recorded hydrodynamic forces and moments. Propulsion of the vessel was modelled by the body-force actuator disc method. Upon successful verification and validation of the model scale self-propelled CFD model against benchmark data, full scale investigations were then undertaken. Validation of the full scale set-up was demonstrated by computing the full scale bare hull resistance in deep, laterally unrestricted water and comparing against the extrapolated resistance of model scale benchmark resistance data. Upon validating the setup, it was used to predict full scale ship squat in confined waters. The credibility of the full scale confined water model was checked by comparing vessel resistance in confined water against the Landweber empirical prediction. To quantify scale effect in ship squat predicitons, the benchmarking squat cases were computed by adopting the validated full scale CFD model with body-force propulsion. Comparison between the full scale CFD, model scale CFD and model scale benchmark EFD squat results demonstrates that scale effect is negligible.
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Ogata, Ryoji, Edgar Simo-Serra, Satoshi Iizuka, and Hiroshi Ishikawa. "Temporal Distance Matrices for Squat Classification." In 2019 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cvprw.2019.00309.

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An’faiz, Miftachul Iman, Achmad Widodo, Febby Alfu Khoirun Nissa, Awang Firmansyah, Dwiky Oktavrianto, and Zulhamshah Zein Saputra. "Profiling Squat Assessment Among Sport Enthusiast." In International Joint Conference on Arts and Humanities 2021 (IJCAH 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.211223.053.

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Reports on the topic "Squat"

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Briggs, Michael J., Stephen T. Maynord, Charles R. Nickles, and Terry N. Waller. Charleston Harbor Ship Motion Data Collection and Squat Analysis. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada457976.

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Stival, Mattia, Leonardo Bidogia, and Alessandro Volpe. Basas: A Graphical Tool To Investigate Variability, Repeatability And Asymmetries In Squat. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317543.

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Peixoto, Rafael, Jose Vilaça-Alves, Jose Afonso, Rui Canário-Lemos, Bruno Pinheiro, and Tiago Rafael-Moreira. Effects of velocity loss in the squat and bench press on neuromuscular performance: a systematic review with meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.2.0083.

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Santos, Jonatas Ferreira da Silva, Moisés Luiz Martins, Fabiano Trigueiro Amorim, Marco Fabrício Dias Peixoto, and Fernando Gripp. Chronic effect of hip thrust exercise compared with control or squat on performance of soccer players: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.4.0005.

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Malej, Matt, and Fengyan Shi. Suppressing the pressure-source instability in modeling deep-draft vessels with low under-keel clearance in FUNWAVE-TVD. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40639.

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This Coastal and Hydraulics Engineering Technical Note (CHETN) documents the development through verification and validation of three instability-suppressing mechanisms in FUNWAVE-TVD, a Boussinesq-type numerical wave model, when modeling deep-draft vessels with a low under-keel clearance (UKC). Many large commercial ports and channels (e.g., Houston Ship Channel, Galveston, US Army Corps of Engineers [USACE]) are traveled and affected by tens of thousands of commercial vessel passages per year. In a series of recent projects undertaken for the Galveston District (USACE), it was discovered that when deep-draft vessels are modeled using pressure-source mechanisms, they can suffer from model instabilities when low UKC is employed (e.g., vessel draft of 12 m¹ in a channel of 15 m or less of depth), rendering a simulation unstable and obsolete. As an increasingly large number of deep-draft vessels are put into service, this problem is becoming more severe. This presents an operational challenge when modeling large container-type vessels in busy shipping channels, as these often will come as close as 1 m to the bottom of the channel, or even touch the bottom. This behavior would subsequently exhibit a numerical discontinuity in a given model and could severely limit the sample size of modeled vessels. This CHETN outlines a robust approach to suppressing such instability without compromising the integrity of the far-field vessel wave/wake solution. The three methods developed in this study aim to suppress high-frequency spikes generated nearfield of a vessel. They are a shock-capturing method, a friction method, and a viscosity method, respectively. The tests show that the combined shock-capturing and friction method is the most effective method to suppress the local high-frequency noises, while not affecting the far-field solution. A strong test, in which the target draft is larger than the channel depth, shows that there are no high-frequency noises generated in the case of ship squat as long as the shock-capturing method is used.
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Burns, J. E., and N. A. Lynch. The Byzantine Firing Squad Problem. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada154770.

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Hale, Kelly S., Karol G. Ross, Jennifer K. Phillips, Iris D. Rivera, Tegan F. Brown, and Katelynn M. Smith. Marine Corps Maneuver Squad Leader Mastery Model. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada573535.

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Boyce, Michael W., Jessie Y. Chen, Anthony R. Selkowitz, and Shan G. Lakhmani. Agent Transparency for an Autonomous Squad Member. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada616862.

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Evans, Kenneth L. What Squad Leaders Want to Know in Battle. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada457179.

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US ARMY SIMULATION TRNG INSTRUMENTATION PEO. Squad Overmatch Study: Training Human Dimension to Enhance Performance. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada613853.

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