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Academic literature on the topic 'Squalor'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 22 January 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Squalor"

Fitzpatrick, Mike. "Public Squalor, Private Squalor." British Journal of General Practice 58, no. 552 (July 1, 2008): 511. http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgp08x319549.

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Marsland, David. "Squalor." Social Policy & Administration 25, no. 1 (March 1991): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9515.1991.tb00350.x.

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Dumanis, Michael. "Squalor." Ploughshares 38, no. 1 (March 2012): 57–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/plo.2012.a473902.

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Snowdon, John, Graeme Halliday, and Glenn E. Hunt. "Two types of squalor: findings from a factor analysis of the Environmental Cleanliness and Clutter Scale (ECCS)." International Psychogeriatrics 25, no. 7 (April 8, 2013): 1191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s104161021300032x.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Most people who collect and hoard, and then have difficulty discarding items, do not live in squalor, even though accumulation of hoarded items can make cleaning very difficult. Commonly, people living in squalor accumulate garbage, but relatively few fulfill proposed criteria for “hoarding disorder.” We examined the overlap between hoarding and squalor among people referred because of unacceptable living conditions.Methods: Ongoing collection of data by a Squalor Project team, including ratings on the Environmental Cleanliness and Clutter Scale (ECCS), allowed (1) description of characteristics of cases and (2) examination of ratings of uncleanliness, and of the effect of accumulation of items or material on access within dwellings. Principal component analysis was used to examine latent variables underlying the ECCS.Results: The mean age of the referred occupants (108 male, 95 female) was 61.9 years. The mean ECCS score in 186 rated cases was 18.5. Factor analysis of ECCS data showed a two-factor solution as the most plausible. Factor 1, comprising seven squalor items, accounted for 33.7% of the variance. Factor 2 comprised reduced accessibility and accumulation of items of little value (variance 17.6%). Accumulation of garbage loaded equally on the two factors. High levels of squalor and/or accumulation were recorded in 105 (56%) of the 186 dwellings. One-third scored high on accumulation/hoarding, while 38% scored high on squalor; 15% scored high on both squalor and accumulation. A quarter of those scoring high on squalor scored low on hoarding/accumulation.Conclusions: The ECCS is useful when describing whether referred cases show high levels of squalor, hoarding, or both.

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Gleason, Andrew, Matthew Lewis, Sook Meng Lee, and Stephen Macfarlane. "A preliminary investigation of domestic squalor in people with a history of alcohol misuse: neuropsychological profile and hoarding behavior – an opportunistic observational study." International Psychogeriatrics 27, no. 11 (June 16, 2015): 1913–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610215000897.

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ABSTRACTBackground:Domestic squalor has been associated with alcohol misuse but little work has explored this. Executive dysfunction is commonly observed in squalor and is also associated with alcohol misuse. Hoarding can accompany squalor, but it is unclear whether hoarding is also linked with alcohol misuse. This study compared neuropsychology and hoarding status of individuals living in squalor with and without a history of alcohol misuse.Methods:A subgroup analysis was conducted on a series of 69 neuropsychological reports of people living in squalor. Data on cognitive profiles, basic demographics, alcohol use, and hoarding were extracted and analyzed.Results:Alcohol misuse was reported in 25 of the 69 participants (36%). Alcohol misusers were significantly younger (mean age 66.2 years, SD = 10.7) than non-misusers (mean age 75.6 years, SD = 10.3) (p < 0.00) and significantly more likely to be male (p = 0.01). No significant differences between the two subgroups were found for estimated premorbid intellectual functioning, Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores, or individual neuropsychological domains. Alcohol misusers were more likely to be living in squalor without hoarding than squalor with hoarding (p = 0.01).Conclusions:Alcohol misusers living in squalor were less likely to hoard than non-misusers. This finding suggests that alcohol misuse may be a risk factor for squalor via failure to maintain one's environment rather than through intentional accumulation of objects. The similar cognitive profile among those with and without a history of alcohol misuse could represent a common pattern of executive dysfunction that predisposes individuals to squalor regardless of underlying alcohol misuse diagnosis.

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McMillin, Arnold. "The Belarusian leadership, his country and squalor as depicted in the work of young Belarusian prose writers." Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski 9, no. 2 (November 30, 2018): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/pw.3084.

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This article reviews some of the recent texts of young Belarusian prose writers about leadership, the country itself, squalor and alcohol abuse. The attitudes to the Leader in this highly varied selction of stories are at best humorous and more often disrespectful, whilst the picture of Belarus given is of a backward, sometimes squalid country with serious social problems, like violence and excessive drinking.

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Snowdon, John, and Graeme Halliday. "A study of severe domestic squalor: 173 cases referred to an old age psychiatry service." International Psychogeriatrics 23, no. 2 (August 3, 2010): 308–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610210000906.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Although community psychiatric services commonly encounter cases where intervention is needed due to persons’ unclean or cluttered living conditions, evidence concerning the referral rate and prevalence of severe domestic squalor is sparse.Methods: Between 2000 and 2009, ratings of cleanliness and clutter have been made in all cases of people living in squalor who have been referred to an old age psychiatry service in Central Sydney. Where possible, one-year follow-up was arranged.Results: 173 persons aged 65 years or more were referred to the service during the ten years and assessed as living in squalor (120 moderate or severe, two thirds of whom showed a moderate or severe degree of hoarding/clutter). Of 157 followed up after one year, 47% were still at home, 32% were in long-term care homes, 12% had moved elsewhere, and 9% had died. The annual new referral rate was close to 1 per 1000 elderly people in the catchment area, and of moderate or severe squalor was 0.66 per 1000. Limiting follow-up to those in moderate or severe squalor, 41% were still at home one year later. Current findings suggest that the minimum prevalence in the community of older people living in moderate or severe squalor in Sydney is 1 per 1000.Conclusions: The costs of intervening in cases of severe domestic squalor are considerable. Increased attention and funding are warranted, as the incidence and prevalence are higher than had previously been estimated.

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Gregory, Carol, Graeme Halliday, John Hodges, and John Snowdon. "Living in squalor: neuropsychological function, emotional processing and squalor perception in patients found living in squalor." International Psychogeriatrics 23, no. 5 (November 25, 2010): 724–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610210002103.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Patients living in squalor have a wide range of psychiatric diagnoses, but these may have a common neural basis involving frontal systems. This study investigated frontal executive function, theory of mind, emotional processing including disgust, and appreciation of squalor in elderly patients found living in squalor.Methods: Six patients referred to an old age psychiatry service underwent a battery of neuropsychological tests, assessment of living conditions and awareness of self and others’ squalor.Results: All six patients showed impairment in frontal executive function, typically accompanied by amnesic deficits. Theory of mind and emotional processing were surprisingly preserved. While five of the patients could recognize severely unclean or cluttered living conditions in newspaper photographs, more than half did not appreciate that their own living conditions were squalid.Conclusion: Deficits in frontal executive function appear important in the genesis of squalor although functions linked to orbito-frontal ability appear preserved.

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Snowdon, John, and Graeme Halliday. "How and when to intervene in cases of severe domestic squalor." International Psychogeriatrics 21, no. 6 (July 10, 2009): 996–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610209990597.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Little has been published concerning how best to intervene in cases of severe domestic squalor.Methods: Background literature and reports on how best to intervene in cases of severe domestic squalor were reviewed.Results: Reports by groups in London (Ontario), and Sydney (Australia) have provided recommendations for development of coordinated services to intervene in cases of squalor. Guidelines have been issued. Treatments for compulsive hoarding may contribute to improvement in cases where squalor is attributable to restricted access due to clutter.Conclusions: Effective interventions in cases of severe domestic squalor are commonly expensive and require good inter-agency collaboration. Budgetary support must be available to enable appropriate services to take on cases and provide case management.

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Lee, Sook Meng, Matthew Lewis, Deborah Leighton, Ben Harris, Brian Long, and Stephen Macfarlane. "Neuropsychological characteristics of people living in squalor." International Psychogeriatrics 26, no. 5 (February 4, 2014): 837–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610213002640.

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ABSTRACTBackground:Squalor is an epiphenomenon associated with a range of medical and psychiatric conditions. People living in squalor are not well described in the literature, and prior work has indicated that up to 50% do not have a psychiatric diagnosis. Squalor appears to be linked with neuropsychological deficits suggestive of the presence of impaired executive function. We present a case series of people living in squalor that examines their neuropsychological assessment and diagnosis.Methods:Clinicians from local health networks were invited to submit neuropsychological reports of patients living in squalor. These selected reports were screened to ensure the presence of squalor and a comprehensive examination of a set of core neuropsychological domains. Assessments were included if basic attention, visuospatial reasoning, information processing speed, memory function, and executive function were assessed.Results:Sixty-nine neuropsychological reports were included. Sixty-eight per cent of the group underwent neuropsychological assessments during an inpatient admission. For participants where it was available (52/69), the mean Mini-Mental State Examination score was 25.29 (SD = 3.96). Neuropsychological assessment showed a range of cognitive impairment with nearly all the participants (92.75%) found to have frontal executive dysfunction. One person had an unimpaired neuropsychological assessment. Results indicated that dorsolateral prefrontal rather than orbitofrontal functions were more likely to be impaired. Vascular etiology was the most common cause implicated by neuropsychologists.Conclusions:Frontal executive dysfunction was a prominent finding in the neuropsychological profiles of our sample of squalor patients, regardless of their underlying medical or psychiatric diagnoses. Our study highlights the importance of considering executive dysfunction when assessing patients who live in squalor.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Squalor"

Mead, Geoffrey. "'Scattered squalor' and 'downland homes' : interwar housing at Patcham, Brighton." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2012. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/40308/.

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The Brighton suburb of Patcham is an area which was transforming rapidly into a suburban housing district in the interwar period. An urban fringe area, where the distinction between the various housing areas is largely explained by the differential ownership and sale of the former agricultural land, and the subsequent development as suburban housing under different developers. The factors bringing about the urban expansion, particularly in relation to Brighton and its growing economy are discussed, as is the declining agricultural economy. A variety of suburban housing types emerged, ranging from army huts and architect-designed detached villas in the early post-World War One period, to large corporate housing developments during the 1930s. This period was one where largely uncontrolled building was taking place outside Brighton municipal control, a situation partly resolved by the extension of borough boundaries in the late 1920s, and the social and legislative factors pertinent to urban housing issues and suburban growth are discussed. This pattern of areal difference is readily discernible in the 21st century where the palimpsest of earlier patterns still influences the later building. The economic situation and the various architectural styles of the interwar are reviewed, as is the postwar development of the district which is described to give the post-World War Two context. Suburbs are more complex than is apparent at first consideration and this study aims to unpick the fabric of suburbia through the case study of a selected area of Patcham setting it all in the wider context of local and national issues. The patterns of building that are recorded for Patcham can be seen to operate across Britain in the same period and serve as an exemplar of wider processes.

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Ardic, Sara. "The Troubled Young Man in J.D Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye and “For Esmé - with Love and Squalor”." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Culture and Communication, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-19181.

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The aim of this essay was to show that the theme of how a troubled young man in a crisis who is saved by the love of a little girl is central in J.D Salinger’s novel The Catcher in the Rye, as well as in his short story “For Esmé - with Love and Squalor”. Furthermore, the argument was that there is a strong kinship between the protagonists of both stories as well as the little girl, thereby supporting the existing opinion of critics that Salinger is a writer who returns to favored themes and characters.

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Sviatko, Courtney. "“Rampant Signs and Symbols”: Artifacts of Language in J.D. Salinger’s “For Esmé—With Love and Squalor” and Glass Family Stories." VCU Scholars Compass, 2014. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3487.

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This thesis explores the use of language in J.D. Salinger’s “For Esmé—With Love and Squalor,” “A Perfect Day for Bananafish,” and Raise High the Roofbeam, Carpenters. It establishes a narrative pattern in which sensitive individuals such as Seymour Glass and Sergeant X are isolated by the insensitivity of the superficial modern world, attempt to communicate their concerns to others through an exchange of language in material forms, and ultimately find relief in silence. By analyzing various examples of linguistic artifacts and the impact they have on both sender and receiver, this thesis identifies criteria for successful communication as well as reasons for the failure of language which may be useful for the study of these and other works by Salinger. This thesis also considers the intersection of binaries such as silence and noise, and the ways Salinger presents them both thematically and formally.

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Martin, William Alejandro. "Let squalor be turned into tragedy, a Nietzschean reading of Edward Morgan Forster's, The longest journey, A room with a view, and Howards end." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq30517.pdf.

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Červenáková, Alžběta. "Zhodnocení finanční situace stavební firmy Squalo, a.s." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-2144.

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V práci je popsán vývoj hospodaření firmy od jejího založení v roce 2000 až do roku 2006. Na základě výsledků řady metod a postupů finanční analýzy je zhodnocena současná finanční situace a celkový stav podniku a předpokládaný budoucí vývoj hospodaření firmy.

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Scarcelli, Faustino. "Biologia ed ecologia dello squalo di profondità Dalatias licha (Bonnaterre, 1788)." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/8957/.

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La presente tesi vuole colmare le conoscenze biologiche ed ecologiche dello squalo di profondità Dalatias licha. Attualmente le conoscenze riguardanti le popolazioni di questo squalo nel Mediterraneo sono scarse dato il numero limitato di studi affrontati. La biologia e l’ecologia di questo squalo è stata studiata attraverso la stima di alcune caratteristiche importanti come la sex ratio, la maturità sessuale degli individui, gli indici di condizione (epatosomatico e gonadosomatico) e le analisi dei contenuti stomacali. I 78 esemplari (16 femmine e 62 maschi) osservati sono stati campionati tra il 2001 e il 2003 dal bycatch di motopescherecci a strascico della marineria di Genova porto, operanti sul piano batiale del Golfo di Genova (Mar Ligure). Le catture sono state eseguite ad una batimetria compresa tra -450 e -800 m, tra Genova e Sestri Levante. I risultati, sebbene basati su un numero limitato di individui, sono di particolare interesse visto il deficit conoscitivo inerente a questa specie in ambito nazionale e mediterraneo

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Figueirêdo, Sarah Tházia Viana de. "Revisão taxonômica e morfológica do gênero Squalus Linnaeus, 1758 do Oceano Atlântico Sul Ocidental (Chondrichthyes: Squaliformes: Squalidae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41133/tde-21102011-161727/.

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O gênero Squalus Linnaeus, 1758 (Elasmobranchii: Squaliformes) compreende um grupo cosmopolita de tubarões com alta complexidade taxonômica devido à dificuldade de distinção morfológica entre os representantes, exigindo revisão. Atualmente, há cerca de 24 espécies listadas como válidas que estão divididas em três complexos de espécies de acordo com a similaridade morfológica entre elas: grupos S. acanthias, S. megalops e S. mitsukurii. A perda do holótipo de espécies nominais, identificações equivocadas na literatura e dificuldade de obtenção de séries representativas consistem em empecilhos secundários que interferem na realização de uma revisão mundial do gênero. Esta problemática também serve para as espécies distribuídas ao longo do oceano Atlântico Sul Ocidental, incluindo as espécies brasileiras, pois estas carecem de uma caracterização morfológica precisa. Desta maneira, acompanhando uma tendência mundial contemporânea, uma revisão taxonômica regional do gênero Squalus foi desenvolvida com o intuito de investigar quais são as espécies válidas para o oceano Atlântico Sul Ocidental bem como elucidar quais caracteres diagnósticos são eficientes para a separação de espécies. O estudo ora proposto analisou detalhadamente a morfologia externa e interna (esquelética) de grandes séries representativas de espécimes de Squalus e validou quatro espécies nominais disponíveis para o oceano Atlântico Sul Ocidental, entre elas, Squalus acanthias, S. blainvillei, S. megalops e S. cubensis, incluindo também a caracterização de Squalus sp. Aspectos da morfometria externa, dentição, padrão de coloração, dados merísticos relevantes e caracteres do esqueleto dos espécimes analisados foram ilustrados e comparados, posteriormente, com exemplares de outras regiões geográficas.
The genus Squalus Linnaeus, 1758 (Elasmobranchii: Squalidae) comprises a group of cosmopolitan sharks species with a high taxonomic complexity due to difficulties in morphologically differentiating its component species, many of which must be taxonomically reviewed. Currently, there are 24 valid species of Squalus which have been divided into three species-complexes according to morphological similarity: the S. acanthias group, the S. megalops group, and the S. mitsukurii group. Loss of type-specimens of nominal species, the propagation of erroneous identifications in the literature, and difficulties in obtaining representative series for comparison are secondary challenges that impede a global taxonomical revision of Squalus. This problem applies very clearly to species from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean as well, including species that occur off Brazil, mostly because of a complete lack of detailed morphological revisions. Following a current global tendency, a regional taxonomic review of Squalus was conducted in order to investigate which species are valid in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean as well elucidate which diagnostic morphological characters can be efficiently used to separate species. The present proposal aimed to conduct a taxonomic review of the genus Squalus from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean through a comparative and detailed analysis of external and skeletal morphology from representative series of specimens of Squalus from the region. The results obtained validate four available nominal species, Squalus acanthias, S. blainvillei, S. megalops, S. cubensis, and also includes characterization of Squalus sp. The results are based on aspects of external morphometry, dentition, color pattern, meristic data, and characters from the skeleton (primarily neurocrania) which were illustrated and compared with specimens of Squalus from other geographic regions.

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Ceneri, Fabrizio. "Valutazione dell'interazione tra delfinidi e squalo bianco (Carcharodon carcharias) in Sud Africa." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/7874/.

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Lo studio dell’utilizzo dell’habitat, sebbene ci dia principalmente informazioni di come gli organismi interagiscono con esso o indirettamente tra di loro, è un aspetto molto importante dell’ecologia sia terrestre che marina in quanto può essere utilizzato per scopi conservativi ma anche per uno sviluppo di quello che può essere un turismo legato alla presenza di tali organismi. Scopo del presente lavoro è verificare come la presenza di un predatore come lo squalo bianco possa modificare la distribuzione dei delfinidi nell’area di Mossel Bay, Sudafrica. A tal fine si sono analizzati i dati relativi alle presenze di squalo bianco e di delfinidi per un periodo di circa un anno e si sono analizzate le distribuzioni delle specie considerate e le eventuali sovrapposizioni, per valutare come le due specie interagiscono e si influenzano a vicenda. Da quanto osservato nella presente ricerca si può concludere che le specie di cetacei considerate adottino una strategia di avoidance dagli squali basata principalmente sull’utilizzo di acque a profondità diversa rispetto a quelle utilizzate dagli elasmobranchi. L’aver considerato la batimetria come parametro di discriminazione tra le specie ha evitato di valutare in maniera non corretta le distribuzioni delle stesse, in quanto ha fornito una sorta di terza dimensione che ha permesso di dettagliare meglio la stratificazione nella colonna d’acqua delle specie considerate. L’analisi effettuata ha interessato i dati relativi ad un solo anno di monitoraggio, e quindi non possono essere presi come riferimento assoluto per valutare la reale distribuzione delle specie considerate. Può però essere ritenuta un primo step per meglio comprendere quali siano le strategie difensive messe in atto dai cetacei nei confronti degli attacchi da squalo e, con ulteriori analisi e monitoraggi, quali invece possono essere le strategie attuate dagli elasmobranchi.

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Peristeri, Maria. "ENTWICKLUNG VON SQUALL-LINES IM ALPENVORLAND." Diss., lmu, 1999. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-4044.

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Blaskovic, Miriam. "Mesoscale study of a squall line system." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63308.

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Books on the topic "Squalor"

Allen, Daana. Delusions of squalor. Oakland, Calif: Unicorn Press, 1998.

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Jones, Nath. Acquainted with Squalor: Short stories. Chicago, Illinois: Life List Press, 2015.

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Salinger, J. D. For Esmé - with love and squalor. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1994.

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O'Brien, Flann. The hardlife: An exegesis of squalor. London: Grafton, 1986.

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Labour Party. Children in squalor: More crumbling schools. London: Labour Party, 1991.

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O'Brien, Flann. The hardlife: An exegesis of squalor. London: Paladin, 1990.

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O'Brien, Flann. The hard life: An exegesis of squalor. Normal, IL: Dalkey Archive Press, 1994.

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Houses in Multiple Occupation Group., ed. Bedsit squalor: Two million reasons for taking action. London: HMO Group, 1986.

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Loewenson, Rene. Modern plantation agriculture: Corporate wealth and labour squalor. London: Zed Books, 1992.

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Salinger, J. D. For Esmé - with love and squalor: And other stories. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Squalor"

Gauldie, Enid. "Publicity for Squalor." In Cruel Habitations, 101–12. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003450672-10.

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Yoko, Ota. "Residues of Squalor." In The Atomic Bomb: Voices from Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 55–85. New York: Routledge, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315700236-6.

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Beveridge, William H. "Four Stones for Goliath Squalor*." In The Works of William H. Beveridge, Vol2:167—Vol2:174. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315737300-25.

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Hiller, Geoffrey G., Peter L. Groves, and Alan F. Dilnot. "Period 3: London—New Riches, New Squalor (1781–1870)." In An Anthology of London in Literature, 1558-1914, 91–176. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05609-4_3.

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Degelmann, Christopher. "A Homo Novus’s Self-Fashioning in Practice. The Case of Cicero’s Squalor." In Paul as Homo Novus, 73–86. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.13109/9783666540486.73.

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Ly, Duy Khiem, Cheng Ann Tan, and Qiang Ma. "Characteristics of Sumatra Squalls and Modelling of the Squall-Generated Waves." In Advances in Hydroinformatics, 157–74. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-615-7_11.

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"The struggle for the city." In Squalor, 77–92. Agenda Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv2xh53d8.9.

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"Table of Contents." In Squalor, v—vi. Agenda Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv2xh53d8.2.

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"Twenty-first century squalor." In Squalor, 127–44. Agenda Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv2xh53d8.12.

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"The Right to Buy." In Squalor, 93–108. Agenda Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv2xh53d8.10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Squalor"

Mariani, Alessio, Grant Elliott, Geoff Wake, James Whelan, and Gus Jeans. "A Novel Approach to the Development of Squall Database for Mooring Response Based Analysis." In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-61674.

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This paper describes a novel approach to the characterisation of the winds associated with squall events. Squalls are short duration events during which wind speed increases rapidly and is often characterised by a substantial change in direction. Squalls are an important input for the design of offshore structures, particularly weather vaning facilities such as turret moored FPSO’s for which squalls may induce substantial mooring loads. This paper presents the development of a synthetic squall database covering 63 years and combining direct high resolution wind measurements together with weather balloon observations of the lower atmosphere and historical daily maximum wind gusts. The squall database was a key input into a mooring Response Based Analysis (RBA) of a turret moored FPSO located offshore North Western Australia. Details of the synthetic squall database development are presented including: regional squall regime characterization, direct measurements, identification of peak squall events from long term measured datasets, characterisation based on weather balloon observations, generation of representative synthetic time histories of squall events. The squall database, coupled with a conventional hindcast metocean database including associated wave and currents parameters, allowed characterization of the weather vaning performance of the FPSO and identification of design loads for mooring design purposes.

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Brown, Alison, Ward Gorter, Luc Vanderschuren, Peter Tromans, Phil Jonathan, and Paul Verlaan. "Design Approach for Turret Moored Vessels in Highly Variable Squall Conditions." In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-61005.

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This paper focuses on examining the response of a large turret-moored FPSO or FLNG vessel in squall conditions and presents a novel and statistically robust response-based approach for the derivation of squall governed design loads. Turret mooring arrangements are typically used as a permanent mooring for FPSO and FLNG vessels, usually in deeper waters and in remote areas where storage capacity is required. The weather-vaning capability makes this type of mooring suitable for many types of environment; however, in tropical environments where metocean conditions are otherwise relatively benign, squalls can dominate aspects of design. Squalls are mesoscale convective systems that cause rapid increases in wind speed and are often associated with large changes in wind direction Squalls are highly variable in both their wind speed and direction profiles and typically uncorrelated with the wave and current conditions; hence the impact of squalls can be difficult to predict and a statistically robust industry standard design approach does not currently exist. Where squall events are the design drivers for mooring arrangements they require particular focus due to the industry’s imperfect knowledge of squall intensity and frequency coupled with the particularly high inter-annual variation of squalls at most locations. To understand the design criteria for a squall environment the horizontal motions of the turret-moored system are modelled using a simplified time-domain approach, which makes considerable simplifying assumptions. This significantly reduces computational time, allowing the analysis to be conducted efficiently for a large range of both squall conditions and associated environmental (wave and current) conditions, including by season and direction. An extreme value analysis approach is then applied to all of the maximum values of the desired response for all combinations of squall and associated conditions, by selecting a number of bootstrap resamples, each the size of the number of squall events. The bootstrap resamples are selected on the probability of occurrence of the associated conditions. A generalised Pareto model can be automatically fitted to all bootstrap resamples and for every return period a user defined number of simulations is performed to estimate the most probable or percentile estimates of the desired return period. Finally, a back calculation of the transient design conditions at the desired return period can then be made and applied into the standard design process. This ensures statistically robust design conditions for squall design loads and deriving a few statistically robust design squalls and associated conditions minimises later analysis. Importantly the approach allows the users to propagate the remaining uncertainty estimates into subsequent robustness analyses.

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Minnebo, Joerik, Amir H. Izadparast, Arun Duggal, and René H. M. Huijsmans. "Response-Based Analysis of FPSO Systems for Squall Loadings." In ASME 2012 31st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2012-83633.

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Squalls can be the major design driver for FPSO systems in offshore West Africa where other environmental loadings are relatively benign. The measured squall time series indicate a transient change in the wind speed, starting with a sudden increase to a peak wind speed followed by a rapid decay, all within a total duration of about an hour. In the design of FPSOs for squall loadings, careful attention needs to be given to the transient characteristics of squalls. The main objective of this investigation is to characterize the response of FPSO systems subjected to squalls and develop a robust approach for estimating the design value. For this purpose, first, the dynamic behavior of an FPSO in squalls is studied and then the significant squall parameters that affect the dynamic response of the FPSO are identified. The results of this study are utilized to define the upper bound of the dynamic amplification factor and the upper limit of the extreme response of the FPSO. Next, three different response-based approaches: a) based on the long-term statistical analysis of the response, b) based on the long-term statistical analysis of the squall parameters and c) based upon the dynamic amplification limitations, are utilized to estimate the design values. Finally, the design value estimates obtained from the response-based approaches are compared with those estimated from scaling squall time traces to the 100-year peak wind speed. The study is mainly focused on spread moored systems; however, the proposed methods are also tested on turret moored FPSOs, and their application for these dynamically complicated systems is evaluated.

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Jeans, Gus, Stephen Redford, Ian Bellamy, and Richard Mundy. "The WAG Squall Measurement System." In ASME 2008 27th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2008-57337.

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Squalls control design wind conditions offshore West Africa, where the wind regime is otherwise relatively benign. The West Africa Gust (WAG) Joint Industry Project was initiated in 2004 to make best use of available industry data for characterisation of squalls in engineering design. The WAG phase one report highlighted the need for further measurement to address uncertainties in the horizontal and vertical structure of squall winds. This paper describes the resulting measurement system installed on a platform offshore West Africa.

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Paalvast, Mark, Jelte Kymmell, Ward Gorter, and Alison Brown. "Response of a CALM Buoy Moored Vessel in Squall Condition." In ASME 2016 35th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2016-54968.

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This paper reviews the response of a hawser moored vessel to squalls and addresses a novel method for obtaining statistically reliable design loads. Industry paradigms related to squall selection for analysis input are reviewed and renewed. A benchmark database consisting of more than 15,000 unique squall-wave-current induced extreme values enables the validation of a range of less computationally demanding analysis and squall selection methods. Extreme values are extrapolated to a design value using a Peak Over Threshold (POT) method to fit a Generalized Pareto Distribution (GPD). The influence of associated metocean conditions and squall characteristics on the vessel response is presented. By means of bootstrapping a satisfactory population size for design purposes is studied. The findings challenge common design practices currently employed throughout the industry.

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Alvarez, Juan, Pierre Orsero, Valerie Quiniou-Ramus, Michel Franc¸ois, Anne-Gae¨lle Moysan, Didier l’Hostis, and Alain Ledoux. "Squall Response Based Design of Floating Units in West Africa." In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-49237.

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Squalls are one of the main issues for the design of West Africa floating units mooring systems. At the present time and due to the lack of more relevant information and models, squalls are represented by on site time series of time varying wind speed and relative heading. The first FPSO units were designed on the basis of a reduced Squall database. Nowadays, the number of squall records has been significantly increased and a response based analysis can be carried out. The present paper is focused on the Gulf of Guinea environment. The area has been divided into two zones: North (Nigeria…) and South (Congo, Angola…). This approach enabled us to deal with 90 Squall events for North zone and 115 Squall events for South zone. Two different mooring systems, with quite different natural periods, have been investigated in order to cover the range of already installed spread moored FPSO’s. For every Squall of the database, time domain and modal simulations have been carried out in order to obtain the maximum values of the axial tension in mooring lines and of the offset of a standard spread moored unit. Then a statistical procedure is applied a) to estimate 100-year return period values for these parameters and b) to assess overall trends besides the differences between results from both zones and both mooring systems. A comparative study has also been carried out to relate the 100-year return period extrapolations with the values derived from classical design procedures in order to evaluate the potential design margins for extreme responses. Finally, areas needing further investigation are identified.

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Duggal, Arun, Caspar Heyl, Amir H. Izadparast, and Joerik Minnebo. "Response of FPSO Systems to Squalls." In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-49855.

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Squalls are mesoscale sudden wind-speed increases that can occur worldwide and are a design driver for FPSO systems in areas the other design environmental conditions are relatively benign, e.g. offshore West Africa. Squalls are transient winds which rapidly reach a peak wind speed (up to 50 m/s) and then decay to low speeds in a span of 60 to 90 minutes. As squalls are transient phenomena traditional steady-state analysis techniques cannot be used for the global analysis or the development of the extreme response estimates. This paper focuses on the characterization of the squall environment and the impact of various parameters on the response of FPSOs. The responses of both spread and turret moored FPSOs are presented and the difference in response is discussed. The paper then focuses on a parametric study on a representative single degree of freedom model of a spread-moored FPSO with an emphasis on the estimation of the extreme response and its dependence on sample size.

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Brown, Alison, Ward Gorter, Mark Paalvast, and Jelte Kymmell. "Design Approach for CALM Buoy Moored Vessel in Squall Conditions." In ASME 2016 35th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2016-54826.

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This paper focuses on examining the response of a vessel moored to a Catenary Anchor Leg Mooring (CALM) buoy in squall conditions. This type of mooring arrangement is typically a temporary mooring used for loading and offloading product or a temporary arrangement used during construction and typically selected for shallow water locations, often in tropical environments when conditions are otherwise relatively benign. Squalls are mesoscale convective systems that cause rapid increases in wind speed and are often associated with large changes in wind direction and also occur mostly in tropical environments. Hence for some locations squall events are the design drivers for this mooring arrangement and are particularly important due to the imperfect squall forecasts available to the industry. To understand the risks in a squall environment the vessel-CALM buoy system is modelled for a range of both squall conditions and associated environmental conditions, covering typical associated wave and current conditions by season and direction. A response-based approach is used to determine the design parameters for the extreme loads, extrapolated using a peak over threshold (POT) approach and using a Generalized Pareto Distribution (GPD), for the vessel-CALM buoy system. The method for this approach is described in detail and contrasted with previous industry approaches.

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Legerstee, Franck, Michel Franc¸ois, Ce´dric Morandini, and Ste´phane Le-Guennec. "Squall: Nightmare for Designers of Deepwater West African Mooring Systems." In 25th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2006-92328.

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Squalls have been present in the environmental specifications for floating units in West Africa for the last couple of years. However it appears that such phenomena tend to be the designing factor for mooring systems of deepwater FPSO’s (in spread or turret configuration) and offloading buoys. At that stage, due to the lack of proper modelling/characterisation, squalls tend to be represented for design purposes by on-site recorded time series of varying wind velocity and associated relative headings applied from any direction. This leads to rapid changes in offsets and loads in the mooring lines induced by the transient response of the vessel to sudden load increase generated by such squall signal. Through diverse exemplary simplified calculations, this paper illustrates the influence of the consideration of squalls in the design process, together with the present shortcomings in the modelling process, either in terms of extreme conditions, or in terms of operating conditions, knowing that such events are difficult to forecast. In addition the effect of tugs, and associated operating limitations are also discussed. Areas needing further investigation are finally identified.

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Jeans, Gus, and Robert Johnson. "The WAG Platform Structural Effects Study." In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-50138.

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This paper describes a detailed investigation into structural effects on wind measured on an offshore platform. Squalls dominate the extreme wind regime in the West Africa region. The West Africa Gust (WAG) Joint Industry Project was initiated to provide critical new data to support engineering design. The WAG squall measurement system was carefully designed to characterise the horizontal and vertical structure of squall winds. A total of 8 anemometers were installed at various locations on a platform offshore Congo. This application required a high level of confidence in wind speed differences measured at separate locations. An intensive investigation into platform structural effects was undertaken using the in-situ data, supported by independent wind tunnel testing. This paper will explain how the wind tunnel results were effectively used to quantify structural contamination at each key anemometer location, for the full range of incident wind directions. The wind tunnel results were verified using empirical structural correction factors derived from the in-situ data. The study successfully established the required high level of confidence in the measured data, so that squall structure could be characterised for engineering design.

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Reports on the topic "Squalor"

Holterman, H. J., and J. C. van de Zande. Verslag van metingen aan het driftreducerend effect van een Squall-injectiesysteem : Teejet XR 11004 VS en DG 11004 VS en Airmix 11003. Wageningen: Stichting Wageningen Research, Wageningen Plant Research, Business unit Agrosysteemkunde, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/533390.

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Erlandsson, Mårten, Ronny Fredriksson, Patrik Börjesson, Agnes Olin, and Ulf Bergström. Kartläggning av viktiga livsmiljöer för hajar och rockor i Västerhavet. Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, 2024. https://doi.org/10.54612/a.5v1pn27jg4.

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Behovet av utbredningskartor över viktiga fiskhabitat är stort inom kust- och havsförvaltningen, både på regional och nationell nivå. Kartorna efterfrågas inom fiskförvaltning, områdesskydd och havsplanering, liksom vid hanteringen av tillstånds- och dispensärenden gällande byggnation och vattenverksamhet. För att ta fram heltäckande utbredningskartor utgående från provfiskedata kan man tillämpa habitatmodellering, där man statistiskt beskriver förekomst och abundans av arter i provfisken i relation till en uppsättning miljövariabler och därefter predikterar utbredningen av lämpliga habitat med hjälp av kartor över miljövariablerna. I denna studie användes data från provtrålningar i Västerhavet för åren 2005–2022 för att ta fram heltäckande kartor över lämpliga habitat och abundans för två arter av haj, pigghaj (Squalus acanthias) och småfläckig rödhaj (Scyliorhinus canicula) och två arter av rocka, klorocka (Amblyraja radiata) och knaggrocka (Raja clavata). För varje art togs utbredningskartor fram dels för hela året och dels för första respektive andra halvåret separat. Kartorna skapades med hjälp av en teknik som kallas deltamodellering, där man först kartlägger förekomsten av lämpliga habitat och sedan predikterar abundansen inom dessa områden med hjälp av abundansmodeller. För både förekomst- och abundansmodellerna användes modellensembler, där ett flertal konceptuellt olika statistiska modelleringsmetoder kombinerades för att få så säkra och robusta utbredningskartor som möjligt. De förekomstmodeller som låg till grund för kartorna av lämpliga habitat blev genomgående starka, med AUC-värden på 0,87–0,92 för de modeller som baserades på data från hela året, samt 0,85–0,95 för de modeller som representerar första respektive andra halvåret, vilket innebär att de hade god förmåga att identifiera lämpliga habitat. Abundansmodellerna hade en förklaringsgrad på 15–49 % för både helårsmodellerna och modellerna som baserades på halvårsvisa data. De slutliga kartprediktionerna (där abundansen utanför predikterat habitat sattes till noll) hade i sin tur en förklaringsgrad mot provfångsterna på 1–15%. Kartorna som tagits fram i denna studie kan användas inom arbetet med fiskförvaltning, havsplanering, grön infrastruktur och områdesskydd på regional till nationell nivå.

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