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Bhat, Abdul Wajid. "Regulation of transcription elongation factors SPT2 and SPT6 by casein kinase II." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29184/29184.pdf.
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Comme pour tous les autres processus en lien avec l’ADN, la structure de la chromatine lors de la transcription est dans un état de perpétuel changement. Ainsi, elle est ouverte pour permettre l’accès à l’ADN, pour ensuite se replier correctement. La dynamique de la structure chromatinienne est régulée finement par de multiples mécanismes qui agissent ensemble afin de rendre le processus hautement efficace. Ces mécanismes comprennent les modifications post-traductionelles des histones, le remodelage de la chromatine par les remodeleurs ATP-dépendants, l’incorporation des variants d’histones et l’assemblage/désassemblage des nucléosomes par les chaperons d’histones. En plus de ces activités, il y a un certain nombre de composantes non-reliées aux histones qui sont directement impliquées dans les modulations de la conformation de la chromatine associées à la transcription. Chez la levure, un de ces facteurs est la protéine HMG-like Spt2p, démontrée précédemment comme étant directement impliquée dans le réassemblage des nucléosomes dans le sillon de l’ARN polymérase II en déplacement le long du segment d’ADN transcrit. Dans la présente étude, nous démontrons que Spt2p est phosphorylée directement par la caséine kinase II (CKII) et que cette modification inhibe sa liaison à la chromatine. Nos résultats indiquent que la CKII altère l’interaction de Spt2p avec le chaperon d’histone Spt6p. Nous avons aussi trouvé que la phosphorylation directe de Spt6p par la CKII stimule l’association de ce facteur avec un autre partenaire, Iws1p. Cette association est absolument nécessaire pour le repliement correct des nucléosomes durant l’élongation. De plus, cette régulation positive du complexe Spt6p/Iws1p par la CKII module directement l’association de ce complexe avec la méthyltransférase de H3K36, Set2p. Finalement, nous avons montré que la phosphorylation de Spt6p par la CKII est essentielle à l’inhibition des promoteurs cryptiques et des erreurs de transcription. Dans l’ensemble, nos résultats suggèrent un nouveau mécanisme par lequel la CKII contrôle le repliement correct de la structure de la chromatine dans les régions codantes en modulant les interactions du chaperon d’histone essentiel Spt6p avec ses partenaires Spt2p, Iws1p et Set2p.Like any other DNA-related process, chromatin structure is in a state of constant flux during transcription, unfolded to get access to DNA and refolded back properly. The dynamics of chromatin structure are tightly regulated and multiple mechanisms act together to make the process highly efficient. These include modifications of histones, chromatin remodeling by ATP-dependent remodeling factors, incorporation of histone variants and nucleosome disassembly and reassembly by histone chaperones. In addition to these activities, there are a number of non-histone chromatin components that are directly involved in the modulation of chromatin associated with transcription. In yeast, one of these factors is the HMG-like protein Spt2p previously shown to participate directly in the process of nucleosome reassembly in the wake of RNA polymerase II movement along transcribed DNA. In this work, we show that Spt2p is directly phosphorylated by the casein kinase II (CKII) and we demonstrate that this modification inhibits its association with chromatin. Our findings indicate that CKII disrupts the interaction of Spt2p with the histone chaperone Spt6p. Interestingly, we also found that direct phosphorylation of Spt6p by CKII stimulates the association of this factor with another partner, Iws1p. This association is absolutely required for the refolding of nucleosomes during elongation. Furthermore, this positive regulation of the Spt6p/Iws1p complex by CKII modulates directly the association of this complex with the H3K36 methyltransferase Set2p. Finally, we show that phosphorylation of Spt6p by CKII is essential to the inhibition of cryptic promoters and spurious transcription. Taken together, our results suggest a new mechanism whereby CKII directs chromatin structure refolding in coding regions by modulating the interaction of the essential histone chaperone Spt6p with its partners Spt2p, Iws1p and Set2p.
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Dürr, Julius [Verfasser], and Klaus [Akademischer Betreuer] Grasser. "The role of the transcription elongation factor SPT4-SPT5 in plant growth and development / Julius Dürr. Betreuer: Klaus Grasser." Regensburg : Universitätsbibliothek Regensburg, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1065445318/34.
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Vojnić, Erika. "NMR solution structure of the Set2 SRI domain and preparation of RNA polymerase II complexes with the elongation factor Spt4-Spt5." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/archive/00006976.
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Vojnic, Erika. "NMR solution structure of the Set2 SRI domain and preparation of RNA polymerase II complexes with the elongation factor Spt4-Spt5." Diss., lmu, 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-69769.
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Burckin, Todd A. "Probing the integration of steps in the gene expression pathway through analysis of the SPT4-SPT5 transcription elongation complex in Saccharomyces cervisiae /." Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2004. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Howarth, Clayton. "Motorinformationens roll i SPT-effekten." Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Humanities and Informatics, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-940.
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Det har visat sig vara bättre att öva in listor med handlingsfraser genom att utföra dem (SPT, subject-performed tasks) än genom att bara läsa dem (VT, verbal tasks). Vid ett återerinringstest visar sig SPT-effekten då försöksdeltagare med SPTs har ett mycket bättre minne av materialet än försöksdeltagare med VTs. En förklaring till fenomenet är att utförandet av handlingsfraserna förser deltagarna med motorinformation. I den här undersökningen testas motorinformationens roll i SPT-effekten på ett sätt som skiljer sig från traditionell SPT-forskning. Försöksdeltagare fick antingen cykla eller använda en joystick för att navigera genom en virtuell värld där ord fanns utplacerade. Minnet för orden testades sedan i ett efterföljande minnestest. Det visade sig att joystickgruppen kunde återerinra sig fler ord än cykelgruppen. Effekten var oväntad och misstänks bero på bättre koncentrationsmöjligheter för joystickgruppen.
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Kasberg, Abigail D. "Sp8 Function During Craniofacial Development." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1396452767.
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Belincanta, Antonio. "Avaliação de fatores intervenientes no Índice de Resistência à Penetração do SPT." Universidade de São Paulo, 1998. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18132/tde-12062018-162336/.
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São salientados neste trabalho de pesquisa alguns pontos importantes da origem, evolução e normatização do ensaio SPT (\"Standard Penetration Test\") no Brasil e no exterior, bem como analisadas variantes, em uso, do método de ensaio proposto pela ABNT (Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas), tais como acionamento com cabo de aço e avanço da perfuração feita pela cravação do próprio amostrador, apresentando-se uma avaliação preliminar da influência nos valores dos índices de resistência à penetração N do SPT. Variáveis tidas como de relevância também serão avaliadas, com a quantificação da influência delas, de forma preliminar. Pode-se citar, entre estas variáveis, o tipo do martelo, o dispositivo para queda livre, o uso de roldana móvel, tamanho da cabeça de bater, estado de conservação da composição das hastes e o uso ou não do coxim de madeira. Para a análise e avaliação tanto dos métodos variantes quanto das variáveis intervenientes foram coletados dados em sondagens/ensaios realizados, em quatro cidades de três Estados brasileiros, por seis empresas selecionadas e escolhidas em conformidade aos interesses específicos dos trabalhos. Por fim, são feitas sugestões para continuidade dos trabalhos de pesquisa, visando a melhoria deste tipo de sondagem/ensaio, quanto ao entendimento de suas variáveis, evolução, normatização e, consequentemente, sua padronização.This research work presents some important aspects of the origin, evolution and standardization of the Standard Penetration Test (SPT), both in Brazil and abroad. It will also introduces the currently used variations of the proposed ABNT (Brazilian Association of Technical Standard) test method, which encompass the use of steel rope and drilling advance by sampler driving, and a preliminary evaluation on N values. Finally, it also analyses the influence on N results, of variables such as type of hammer, free weight fall system, use of mobile sheave wheel, size of anvil, state of conservation of sampling rods and use or not of a hard wood cushion. Analysis and evaluation were performed using selected data obtained from six different companies which carried out tests in four cities at three different Brazilian States. Finally suggestions are made for the continuity of research works on this subject aiming SPT test improvement by the understanding of the variables which affect N values which will contribute to its standardization.
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Bayliss, M. B., J. Ruel, C. W. Stubbs, S. W. Allen, D. E. Applegate, M. L. N. Ashby, M. Bautz, et al. "SPT-GMOS: A GEMINI/GMOS-SOUTH SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY OF GALAXY CLUSTERS IN THE SPT-SZ SURVEY." IOP PUBLISHING LTD, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622337.
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We present the results of SPT-GMOS, a spectroscopic survey with the Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph (GMOS) on Gemini South. The targets of SPT-GMOS are galaxy clusters identified in the SPT-SZ survey, a millimeter-wave survey of 2500 deg(2) of the southern sky using the South Pole Telescope (SPT). Multi-object spectroscopic observations of 62 SPT-selected galaxy clusters were performed between 2011 January and 2015 December, yielding spectra with radial velocity measurements for 2595 sources. We identify 2243 of these sources as galaxies, and 352 as stars. Of the galaxies, we identify 1579 as members of SPT-SZ galaxy clusters. The primary goal of these observations was to obtain spectra of cluster member galaxies to estimate cluster redshifts and velocity dispersions. We describe the full spectroscopic data set and resulting data products, including galaxy redshifts, cluster redshifts, and velocity dispersions, and measurements of several well-known spectral indices for each galaxy: the equivalent width, W, of [O II] lambda lambda 3727, 3729 and H-delta, and the 4000 angstrom break strength, D4000. We use the spectral indices to classify galaxies by spectral type (i.e., passive, post-starburst, star-forming), and we match the spectra against photometric catalogs to characterize spectroscopically observed cluster members as a function of brightness (relative to m*). Finally, we report several new measurements of redshifts for ten bright, strongly lensed background galaxies in the cores of eight galaxy clusters. Combining the SPT-GMOS data set with previous spectroscopic follow-up of SPT-SZ galaxy clusters results in spectroscopic measurements for >100 clusters, or similar to 20% of the full SPT-SZ sample.
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Loeliger, Erin Michelle. "Structure-Function Analysis of the Conserved Histone Chaperone Spt6." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11369.
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Chromatin structure is crucial to regulate access to the genome for processes such as a transcription, recombination, DNA repair, and DNA replication. Spt6, a key factor involved in regulating chromatin structure, is conserved throughout eukaryotes. Spt6 has been shown to function in many aspects of gene expression, including nucleosome assembly, transcription initiation and elongation, and mRNA processing and export. In addition, Spt6 has several conserved domains; however, little is known about their functions. I have performed a structure-function analysis of Spt6 using three separate approaches. First, I employed a random insertion mutagenesis that has identified sixty-seven mutants. While these mutants did not provide information regarding known domains, some have phenotypes that may prove useful for future study. Second, in a collaborative project with Romier lab, I studied the functional roles of the Spt6 SH2 domains. I have shown that deletion of the region of Spt6 encoding the SH2 domains causes severe mutant phenotypes without affecting Spt6 protein levels, demonstrating the importance of the SH2 domains of Spt6. Third, in an additional collaboration with the Romier lab, I showed that mutations that alter the region of Spt6 that interacts with the conserved transcription factor Spn1 impair Spt6 functions in vivo. Overall, this multi-pronged structure-function analysis of Spt6 has provided new insights into the tandem SH2 domains of Spt6, the Spt6-Spn1 interaction, and the uses and limitations of insertion mutagenesis. In addition, I have attempted to explore a possible role for Spt6 in transcription-associated mutagenesis. After employing several types of in vivo assays, I conclude that a possible role for Spt6 in transcription-associated mutagenesis is uncertain, as the results (with respect to a role for Spt6) reproducibly vary depending on the assay used. Thus, understanding this aspect of Spt6 biology awaits better assays and understanding of transcription-associated mutagenesis. Overall, the work in this dissertation will serve to further elucidate the mechanisms of Spt6 in chromatin regulation, transcription, and DNA damage repair.
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Ng, Iok Tong. "Geotechnical site characterization based on SPT." Thesis, University of Macau, 1999. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1445031.
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Odebrecht, Edgar. "Medidas de energia no ensaio SPT." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/5840.
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O presente trabalho apresenta um estudo detalhado da monitoração de energia durante a cravação do amostrador no ensaio SPT, bem como da identificação dos fatores que influenciam estas medidas. Para tanto foi desenvolvido um equipamento para a aquisição dos sinais de força e de aceleração que consta de uma célula de carga, amplificadores e condicionadores de sinais de força e aceleração, sistema de aquisição de sinal e tratamento numérico dos registros. Paralelamente foi implementado um programa embasado na técnica de diferenças finitas que simula numericamente o ensaio, inclusive o balanço das distintas energias ao longo do processo. De posse dessas ferramentas e tecnologia efetuou-se uma extensa campanha de ensaios totalmente controlados. Os resultados da campanha experimental, associados aos fundamentados e princípios básicos da física, permitiram o entendimento do processo de cravação do amostrador no solo com a determinação das perdas (eficiências) ocorridas ao longo do processo e a proposição de uma nova abordagem de interpretação fundamentada no trabalho efetivamente consumido na cravação do amostrador no solo. O conhecimento deste trabalho abre uma gama de alternativas para a estimativa de propriedades de comportamento de solos com base em resultados de medidas de SPT. Exemplos da aplicação destas alternativas são apresentados Ao longo do trabalho verificou-se que: O intervalo de integração utilizado na apropriação da energia deve ser tal que leva em consideração os golpes subseqüentes mesmo em se tratando de hastes longas; A energia assim determinada é dependente da resistência do solo; Existem perdas de energia ao longo das hastes; Estas perdas são diretamente proporcionais ao comprimento das hastes; O ensaio é um fenômeno de grandes deslocamentos e, portanto, deve ser interpretado com a adoção de um referencial fixo e fora do sistema; A variação da energia potencial das hastes deve ser considerada no computo da energia consumida na cravação do amostrador no solo e esta variação da energia é diretamente proporcional à massa das hastes.
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Lopes, Mike dos Santos. "Avaliação da eficácia energética no ensaio SPT." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/2720.
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Mestrado em Engenharia GeológicaEsta tese de fim de curso aborda a influência das perdas de energia num dos ensaios de caracterização geotécnica mais usados em todo o mundo, o Standard Penetration Test, mais conhecido como SPT. Essas perdas de energia afectam os resultados do ensaio, sendo que nesta tese, se quantificou a eficácia energética de modo a se tentar perceber a influência dessas perdas nos resultados finais. Para tal, realizou-se uma campanha de três ensaios na Guarda analisando-se posteriormente, com ajuda de software (Pile Driving Analyser), os 163 golpes resultantes da mesma. Nesta campanha para além da medição da energia transferida ao trem de varas, também se avaliou a altura de queda e a velocidade de impacto do martelo, observando-se no final do ensaio a existência de uma diferença entre a energia teórica e a energia medida. ABSTRACT: This graduation’s work addresses the impact of the loss of energy in one of the most used tests of geotechnical characterization throughout the world, the Standard Penetration Test, better known as SPT. These losses of energy affect the test results, so in this graduation’s work we quantified the energy efficiency in order to try to understand the influence of those losses in the final results. To this end, a campaign of three tests was performed in Guarda analyzing later, with help of software (Pile Driving Analyzer), the 163 blows from this campaign. In this campaign beyond the measurement of energy transferred to the poles, we also evaluated the height of fall and the velocity impact of the hammer. Looking at the end of the test that there exists a difference between the theoretical and measure energy.
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Morais, Thaise da Silva Oliveira. "Interpretação racional de resultados de ensaios SPT com base em conceitos de energia." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18132/tde-29022016-111249/.
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A sondagem de simples reconhecimento do solo com medida do índice de resistência à penetração dinâmica do amostrador (NSPT), universalmente conhecida como ensaio SPT, é um dos ensaios de campo mais difundidos no Brasil. A popularidade deste ensaio deve-se a sua praticidade, baixo custo, à experiência já adquirida e a fácil utilização dos seus resultados. Entretanto, este ensaio tem sido amplamente criticado devido às variações de equipamentos e procedimentos, que causa dispersões significativas nos resultados. Usualmente, o índice NSPT é utilizado na estimativa da capacidade de carga e recalque de fundações, a partir de correlações empíricas ou semi-empíricas, o que também recebe críticas, visto que essas correlações são baseadas em observações práticas e sem fundamento científico. O índice NSPT é função da quantidade de energia entregue ao amostrador, durante o golpe no ensaio SPT. Assim, o conhecimento da eficiência permite normalizar os valores de NSPT para um valor de referência padrão. O valor padrão adotado internacionalmente, correspondente a uma eficiência de 60%. Desta forma, a análise racional dos resultados de ensaios SPT, concentra-se na estimativa das quantidades de energia envolvidas no ensaio. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho trata da interpretação racional de ensaios SPT realizados com o monitoramento das quantidades de energia envolvidas no ensaio. As energias foram obtidas indiretamente, através de sinais de força e aceleração durante a propagação da onda de tensão pela composição de haste. Para tanto, foram utilizados segmentos de hastes instrumentadas com células de carga e acelerômetros; e um sistema de aquisição de dados indicado para o monitoramento de eventos dinâmicos. Os ensaios SPT foram realizados com instrumentação dinâmica em duas seções ao longo da composição de hastes (topo e base, simultaneamente). Assim, a partir desse arranjo, foram determinadas as quantidades de energia responsáveis pela cravação do amostrador e as perdas ocorridas. A partir dos sinais de força no topo do amostrador, foram determinadas as resistências dinâmicas mobilizadas no sistema solo-amostrador devido à cravação. Estes resultados experimentais foram comparados com resultados teóricos de resistência dinâmica e estática, obtidos com base no Princípio de Hamilton. De posse dos resultados de eficiência, comprimento das amostras recuperadas e do atrito adesão entre a parede externa do amostrador e o solo, foi feito o equilíbrio das reações mobilizadas no amostrador, segundo a proposta de Aoki (2013), sendo obtidas as resistências de ponta e atrito (interno e externo) no sistema solo-amostrador.The Standard Penetration Test (SPT) with measurement of the index of resistance to dynamic penetration of the sampler (NSPT) is one of the most widespread in situ tests in Brazil. The popularity of this test is due to its practicality, low cost, acquired experience by practitioners and simple applicability of its results. However, this test has been widely criticized because of variation in equipment and procedures, which causes significant dispersion in the results. The NSPT index is usually used to estimate the bearing capacity and settlement of foundations, using empirical or semi-empirical correlations. This fact also receives criticism, as these correlations are based on practical observations without any scientific basis. The NSPT index depends on the amount of energy delivered to the sampler, during the blow in the SPT test. Thus, knowing the equipment efficiency allows normalizing the NSPT values to a standard reference value. The international reference value corresponds to an efficiency of 60%. In this way, the rational analysis of the results of SPT tests essentially depends on the estimation of the quantities of energy involved in the test. This research presents the rational interpretation of the SPT test results based on monitoring the amounts of energy involved in the test. The energies were indirectly obtained through force and acceleration signals during the stress wave propagation along the string of rods. For this, rod subassemblies instrumented with load cells and accelerometers were used. A suitable data acquisition system for monitoring dynamic events was also used. The SPT tests were performed with instrumented subassemblies placed at two positions along the string of rods (top and bottom simultaneously). Thus, from this arrangement, the amounts of energy accountable for the sampler penetration and the energy losses occurred were determined. Likewise, the dynamic resistances mobilized in the soil-sampler system during the penetration were determined from the force and acceleration signals at the top of the sampler. These experimental results were compared with those theoretical results, based on the Principle of Hamilton. With the efficiency results, the length of recovered samples and the external skin friction in the soil-sampler system, the balance of the reactions mobilized in the sampler was verified, as proposed by Aoki (2013). Thus, the tip and skin friction (internal and external) resistances in the soil-sampler system were obtained.
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Humphreys, D. "Identification of a novel substrate of the Salmonella protein tyrosine phosphatase SptP." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.604780.
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A novel cellular target was captured when purified SptP substrate-trapping derivatives and cell extracts were combined, which was isolated and identified by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry as VCP (valosin-containing protein). VCP is a AAA family ATPase that regulates multiple ubiquitin-dependent cellular processes, including proteasome-dependant protein degradation, protein-membrane association and organelle biogenesis. Next, interaction between native SptP and VCP was reconstituted in vitro. Further biochemical analyses revealed that binding was blocked by phosphatase inhibitors and required both SptP domains (GAP and PTP). Furthermore, SptP exhibited potent phosphatase activity towards VCP in vitro, and TTSS-delivered SptP associated with and specifically dephosphorylated VCP during infection of cultured cells with S. typhimurium. Two additional entry effectors, the Salmonella GTP exchange factor mimics SopE/2 and inositol phosphatase SopB are ubiquitinated following their delivery into target cells. Immunoprecipitation of SopE2 and SopB from cells following infection with a S. typhimurium ΔsptP null mutant localisation occurred independently of SptP and therefore VCP dephosphorylation. Bacterial entry efficiency was unaffected by VCP gene silencing by RNA interference (RNAi), suggesting that SptP-dependent VCP dephosphorylation was relevant later during infection. Such a role was further supported by immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation analyses demonstrating that SptP persists within infected cells. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that both SptP and VCP transiently associate with internalised S. typhimurium and that this SptP targeting was dependent upon it s GAP activity. Infection with S. typhimurium engineered to delivery augmented levels of SptP resulted in a 2.1-fold increase in bacterial replication 8-hours post-infection and reciprocally, a 1.7-fold reduction was observed at equivalent time-points after cells were infected with the S. typhimurium ΔsptP mutant. VCP knockdown resulted in increased bacterial replication and parallel immunofluorescence microscopy revealed elevated numbers of Salmonella localised in the infected cell cytosol. Examination of wild-type SCV morphology after VCP knockdown demonstrated that Sif formation was abolished. This thesis reports that the Salmonella entry effector SptP persists after invasion and regulates S. typhimurium replication at late stages of infection through alteration of the phosphorylation status of VCP, a novel cellular target of the SptP PTP domain located on the SCV.
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Kiely, Christine M. "Spt6 Regulates Transcription and Chromatin Structure in the Fission Yeast, Schizosaccharomyces Pombe." Thesis, Harvard University, 2011. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10027.
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Spt6 is a conserved eukaryotic transcription factor, known to interact with both nucleosomes and RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) to control transcription. We have initiated study of Spt6 in S. pombe in order to identify both novel and conserved roles in regulation of transcription and chromatin. We first constructed and analyzed spt6 mutants by several approaches. As Spt6 is known to be required for histone H3K36 methylation in both Saccharomyces cerevisiae and human cells, we examined the global levels of several histone modifications; we found that in S. pombe, Spt6 is required for both H3K4 and H3K36 trimethylation. We examined the chromatin state at two highly expressed genes, \(act1^+\) and \(pma1^+\), and found that there is a defect in recruitment of the methyltransferases responsible for those marks, Set1 and Set2, respectively. We also observed loss of nucleosomes, as well as a decrease in histone H2B monoubiquitylation. These results suggest that Spt6 plays an important role in chromatin regulation during transcription. We also conducted transcriptional analysis of an spt6 mutant by both microarray and high-throughput sequencing (RNA-seq) and discovered that Spt6 plays a critical role in maintaining the integrity of transcription genome-wide. We found that Spt6 is required to repress antisense transcription, with nearly 70% of genes having antisense transcripts increased by at least two-fold in an spt6 mutant. We also found that transcription of most long terminal repeats (LTRs) is derepressed. Finally, we found that a major class of transcripts elevated in the spt6 mutant is derived from heterochromatin, which is normally silenced. To study the heterochromatic silencing defect in greater detail, we analyzed the chromatin state of the pericentric repeats and found a decrease in H3K9 trimethylation, elevated levels of H3K14 acetylation, reduced recruitment of several known silencing factors and a loss of siRNA production. We also see a very modest increase in RNAPII recruitment. Based on this combination of phenotypes, Spt6 is likely to contribute to both transcriptional and post-transcriptional silencing mechanisms. Taken together, we have found that Spt6 plays several important roles to control transcription in both euchromatin and heterochromatin in S. pombe.
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Zimpel, Cristina Kraemer. "Sequenciamento, anotação e análise do genoma completo de Mycobacterium bovis cepa SP38." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10134/tde-25072017-120925/.
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A tuberculose é uma doença infectocontagiosa causada por bactérias do complexo Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTBC) que afeta humanos e/ou animais. Membros desse complexo evoluíram clonalmente e possuem grande similaridade genômica, diferenciando-se por polimorfismos de nucleotídeo único (SNPs) e regiões de diferença (RDs). Dentre os patógenos da tuberculose em animais, Mycobacterium bovis, causador da tuberculose bovina, é o membro do MTBC de maior importância global. Desta maneira, o presente estudo tem por objetivo o sequenciamento, a anotação e a análise da estirpe brasileira SP38 de M. bovis, seguido da genômica comparativa desse com outros genomas de M. bovis depositados no GenBank. Mycobacterium bovis SP38 apresenta um genoma tradicional de micobactéria tuberculosa, sendo esse único, circular com 4.347.646 pb, alto conteúdo de GC (65,6%) e 4.216 genes, incluindo 154 pseudogenes, 3 genes de rRNA (RNA ribossomal), 45 de tRNA (RNA transportador), 2 de ncRNA (RNA não codificante), 1 tmRNA (RNA transferência-mensageiro) e 4.011 sequências de DNA codificante (CDSs) (NZ_CP015773.1). Dentre as CDSs, a maioria (2.805 - 69,93%) foi anotado com função e 1.206 (30,07%) como hipotéticos. Para a genômica comparativa, os 31 genomas completos ou em drafts de M. bovis depositados no GenBank, 32 genomas de Mycobacterium bovis BCG e 23 genomas de Mycobacterium tuberculosis foram selecionados. Análises in silico dos padrões de RD resultaram na exclusão de três genomas anotados equivocadamente como M. bovis virulentos. A análise de genes ortólogos sugere que M. bovis está sob processo de decay genômico. A quantificação de sítios polimórficos indica uma maior variabilidade genética em números totais (8.335 em M. tuberculosis, 3.448 em M. bovis virulentos, e 1.088 em M. bovis BCGs) e comparações par-a-par (p ≤0,05) de M. tuberculosis em relação a M. bovis virulentos e BCGs, indicando uma maior pressão evolutiva sob M. tuberculosis, contrastando com o fato de que M. bovis é capaz de infectar um maior número de espécies hospedeiras que M. tuberculosis. A maioria desses sítios polimórficos estão localizados em CDSs hipotéticos (31,7% - 51,3%), sendo associados a família gênica PE/PPE, e apresentam uma proporção de mutações não sinônimas crescentes pela ordem M. bovis BCG, M. bovis virulentos e M. tuberculosis (48,90%, 51,92% e 59,52%, respectivamente). Essa menor proporção de mutações não sinônimas e a categorização funcional dissimilar entre CDSs contendo sítios polimórficos, indica que M. bovis BCG está sujeito a diferentes pressões seletivas quando comparado a M. bovis virulentos e M. tuberculosis. Por fim, a análise filogenética baseada em sítios polimórficos indica agrupamentos filogenéticos de M. bovis suportados pela classificação dos Complexos Clonais (CCs) e não por hospedeiros de origem dos isolados, confirmando que sítios polimórficos podem ser utilizados para classificação filogenética de linhagens genéticas desta espécie bacteriana. Além do mais, 2/28 (7,14%) genomas de M. bovis não puderam ser classificados nos CCs atualmente descritos, sugerindo a existência de complexos ainda não determinados. Este estudo representa o primeiro genoma de uma estirpe nacional de M. bovis a ser completamente sequenciado e a primeira análise de genômica comparativa de genomas desta espécie bacteriana.Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by bacteria of the Mycobacterium tuberculosisComplex (MTBC) that affects human beings and/or animals. Members of this complex clonally evolved and have high genomic similarity, differentiated by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and regions of difference (RDs). Among the animal tuberculosis pathogens, Mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis, is the MTBC member of greatest global importance. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to sequence, assemble and annotate the genome of the Brazilian strain SP38 of M. bovis, followed by the comparative genomics with other M. bovis genomes available in GenBank. Mycobacterium bovis SP38 has a traditional mycobacteria genome. It has a single and circular chromosome with 4,347,646 bp, high GC content (65.6%), and 4,216 genes, including 154 pseudogenes, 3 rRNA genes (ribosomal RNA), 45 tRNA (transfer RNA), 2 ncRNA (non-coding RNA), 1 tmRNA (transfer-messenger RNA), and 4,011 coding DNA sequences (CDSs) (NZ_CP015773.1). The majority of CDSs (2,805 - 69,93%) was annotated with function and 1,206 (30,07%) are hypothetical. For the comparative genomics analyses, the 31 genomes (complete and drafts) of M. bovis available in GenBank, 32 Mycobacterium bovis BCG and, 23 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were chosen. In silico analysis of the RDs patterns resulted in the exclusion of three genomes, mistakenly annotated as virulent M. bovis. Orthologous gene analysis suggests that strains of M. bovis are under genomic decay. The quantification of polymorphic sites indicates the greater variability in absolute numbers (8,335 in M. tuberculosis, 3,448 in virulent M. bovis, and 1,088 in M. bovis BCG) and in pairwise comparisons (p≤0,05) of M. tuberculosis compared to virulent M. bovis and M. bovis BCG, suggesting that M. tuberculosis is under high evolutionary pressure. This is in contrast to the fact that M. bovis is capable of infecting a higher number of host species than M. tuberculosis. Most of these polymorphic sites are located in hypothetical CDSs (31.7% - 52.3%), being associated with PE/PPE family, and demonstrating a nonsynonymous mutations proportion of the following increasing order: M. bovis BCG, virulent M. bovis and M. tuberculosis (48.90%, 51.92% and 59.52%, respectively). This lower proportion of nonsynonymous mutations and the dissimilar functional categorization of CDSs with polymorphic sites indicates that M. bovis BCG is subjected to different selective pressure when compared to virulent M. bovis and M. tuberculosis. Finally, the phylogenetic analysis based on polymorphic sites indicates that the phylogenetic grouping of M. bovis is supported by Clonal Complexes (CCs), and not by the host of M. bovis isolates, confirming that polymorphic sites can be used for phylogenetic classification of genetic lineages of this bacterial species. Furthermore, 2/28 (7.14%) genomes of M. bovis could not be classified in the currently described CCs, suggesting the existence of complexes yet to be determined. This study represents the first genome of a Brazilian strain of M. bovis to be completely sequenced and the first comparative genomic analysis of the genomes of this bacterial species.
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Vigano, Andre De Souza. "Simulation of an SP8T 18 GHz RF Switch Using SMT PIN Diodes." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2020. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2259.
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Radio frequency (RF) and microwave switches are widely used in several different applications including radar, measurement systems, telecommunications, and other areas. An RF switch can control a radar’s transmit vs. receive mode, select the operating band, or direct an RF signal to different paths. In this study, a single pole eight throw (SP8T) switch using only Surface Mount (SMT) components is designed and simulated in Keysight’s Advanced Design System (ADS). Single pole eight throw is defined as one input and eight possible outputs. A star network configuration with series-shunt PIN diode switches is used to create the 8-way RF switch. There are other commercially available SP8T switches from MACOM, Skyworks, Analog Devices, and other vendors that operate around this bandwidth. However, this design uses SMT components and series-shunt diode configurations to create a device in the GHz range and power handling in the high 20 to 30 dBm range. This study modeled components in ADS, including the PIN diodes and the bias tees. The project also analyzed multiple layouts, finalizing the optimal design to meet specifications. The insertion loss, bandwidth, isolation, return loss, power handling, and switching speed are analyzed in the final design. Key specifications for this design are determined by comparing to other commercially available SP4T and SP8T switches from MACOM, Skyworks, Analog Devices, and other vendors, as well as developing an operational switch over the 2-18 GHz bandwidth. Additional specifications include limiting insertion loss to 2.0 dB maximum and maximizing isolation to 30 dB minimum. Switching speed and power handling specifications are also set to 20 ns and 23 dBm, respectively. Future projects will work on design fabrication and improvements to the manufactured switch.
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Nguyen, Chi Hanh. "Receiver Selection and Calibration Unit for EHT-SPT (RESCUES)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/579318.
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The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) uses a technique known as Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) to combine radio telescopes all over the world into the equivalent of an Earth-size mirror. It will directly image the immediate surroundings of Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), the supermassive black hole (SMBH) at the center of our galaxy. The 10-m South Pole Telescope (SPT) will provide EHT with its longest baselines, which will significantly improve EHT resolution. To prepare SPT for EHT, a VLBI receiver was built with its own optics system. The third mirror in the system requires a removable and repeatable mount that can rotate, while being light and compact with excellent thermal insulation. In addition, the VLBI receiver needs to have a motorized and remotely-controlled thermal calibration system to aid with data analysis. This project, titled Receiver Selection and Calibration Unit for EHT-SPT (RESCUES), presents a mount design that successfully satisfies the listed requirements. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) predicted that RESCUES had high performance with deformation on the scale of μm, which is within the tolerance of the optics system. Physical tests agreed with FEA simulations, confirming RESCUES reliability. RESCUES was installed at the SPT and first light was detected in 2015.
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Diebold, Marie-laure. "Etude biochimique, structurale et fonctionnelle du complexe chaperonne d'histone/facteur d'élongation Spt6/Iws1." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00819618.
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Les ARN messagers (ARNm) fonctionnels sont produits au cours d'un mécanisme complexe qui allie la transcription, qui permet la synthèse d'un pré-ARNm, la maturation de ce transcrit et son export. De plus, ces différentes machineries vont devoir faire face à la structure compacte de la chromatine, nécessitant une activité de décondensation/recondensation de la chromatine qui est notamment régulée par les mécanismes épigénétiques. Un très grand nombre de facteurs sont donc requis pour la production des ARNm fonctionnels . Parmi ces facteurs, les protéines Spt6 et Iws1 sont impliquées dans le mécanisme général de la transcription, dans la modulation de la structure de la chromatine et la maturation et l'export des ARNm. Ces travaux de thèse ont permis de caractériser biochimiquement, structuralement et fonctionnellement ces deux protéines, leur complexe et leur interaction avec d'autres effecteurs de la transcription. Ces travaux ont notamment permis de comprendre en termes moléculaires et fonctionnels (i) comment Spt6 est recrutée par l'ARN polyméraseII au cours de la transcription et (ii) comment le complexe Spt6/Iws 1 est formé. Ils ont également permis d'identifier de nouveaux interactants potentiels de Spt6, et notamment le facteur d'élongation de la transcription TFIIS. Ces travaux ont ainsi permis de révéler le rôle essentiel et extrêmement complexe joué par Spt6 et Iws1 lors de la production d'un ARNm, mais également de permettre l'étude future de leur interaction avec d'autres facteurs transcriptionnels.
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Fielden, D. J. "The role of Spt4/5 and the search for antitermination complexes in archaea." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1455740/.
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Spt4/5 and its bacterial homologue NusG are the only known universally conserved RNAP- associated transcription elongation factors. In the hyperthermophilic archaeon Methanocaldococcus jannaschii, Spt5 comprises an N-terminal NGN domain and a C-terminal KOW domain, and is bound at its NGN domain by Spt4. NusG and Spt5 increase the processivity of RNAP by binding to the RNAP clamp via the NGN domain. This maintains the RNAP clamp in a closed conformation, thereby enabling RNAP to remain bound to the template DNA. The NusG KOW domain interacts with ribosomes, thereby coupling transcription to translation. The functions of Spt4/5 in archaea are less well characterised. The work contained within this thesis demonstrates that in the context of M. jannaschii cell extract, Spt4/5 is found in the same fractions as ribosomes and RNAP, and therefore has the potential to couple transcription and translation. Furthermore, data obtained by microscale thermophoresis suggests that the KOW domain of Spt5 interacts with purified ribosomes. Electron paramagnetic resonance was performed on Spt4/5, demonstrating that Spt5 is conformationally flexible, and that the presence of Spt4 restricts its mobility. Limited proteolysis and thermofluor assays support the notion that Spt4 stabilises the Spt5 NGN domain. In E. coli, NusA binds to RNAP as a component of the antitermination complex, along with NusG, NusB, and NusE. This enables RNAP to enter a pause and termination-resistant state. M. jannaschii NusA consists of two KH domains. Mutational analysis identified the contribution of the two KH domains to RNA binding and identified additional residues involved in the interaction. Archaeal NusA does not coelute with RNAP, raising the possibility that archaeal NusA does not have antitermination functions. In summary this thesis argues that Spt4/5 likely couples transcription and translation in archaea and indicates that archaeal NusA binds to RNA via a novel binding site.
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Youdell, Michael. "The role of Spt6 and histone H3 lysine 36 methylation in mRNA production." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670030.
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Diebold, Marie-Laure. "Etude biochimique, structurale et fonctionnelle du complexe chaperonne d'histone/facteur d'élongation Spt6/Iws1." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAJ008/document.
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Les ARN messagers (ARNm) fonctionnels sont produits au cours d'un mécanisme complexe qui allie la transcription, qui permet la synthèse d'un pré-ARNm, la maturation de ce transcrit et son export. De plus, ces différentes machineries vont devoir faire face à la structure compacte de la chromatine, nécessitant une activité de décondensation/recondensation de la chromatine qui est notamment régulée par les mécanismes épigénétiques. Un très grand nombre de facteurs sont donc requis pour la production des ARNm fonctionnels . Parmi ces facteurs, les protéines Spt6 et Iws1 sont impliquées dans le mécanisme général de la transcription, dans la modulation de la structure de la chromatine et la maturation et l'export des ARNm. Ces travaux de thèse ont permis de caractériser biochimiquement, structuralement et fonctionnellement ces deux protéines, leur complexe et leur interaction avec d'autres effecteurs de la transcription. Ces travaux ont notamment permis de comprendre en termes moléculaires et fonctionnels (i) comment Spt6 est recrutée par l'ARN polyméraseII au cours de la transcription et (ii) comment le complexe Spt6/Iws 1 est formé. Ils ont également permis d'identifier de nouveaux interactants potentiels de Spt6, et notamment le facteur d'élongation de la transcription TFIIS. Ces travaux ont ainsi permis de révéler le rôle essentiel et extrêmement complexe joué par Spt6 et Iws1 lors de la production d'un ARNm, mais également de permettre l'étude future de leur interaction avec d'autres facteurs transcriptionnelsProduction of functional messenger RNA (mRNA) requires a complex mechanism that couples transcription with maturation and export of the mRNA. In addition to this mechanism, chromatin needs to be unwound to allow the transcription machinery access the DNA, this unwinding being also highly regulated. Thus, production of a functional mRNA requires a huge number of factors implicated in these different processes. Among these proteins Spt6 and Iws1 are participating in the mechanism of transcription, chromatin unwinding, and maturation and export of the mRNA. The work carried out during this thesis has enabled the biochemical, structural and functional characterization of these proteins, their complex and their interaction with other effectors of transcription. This work has specifically enabled the molecular and functional characterization (i) of the recruitment of Spt6 by RNA polymerase II and (ii) of the formation of the Spt6/Iws1 complex. Moreover, this work has identified putative new partners of Spt6, not ably the elongation factor TFIIS. Thus, our work has highlighted the essential and complex role of Spt6 and Iws1 during the production of functional mRNA, and has also enabled future studies of the complexes formed by these two proteins with other transcriptional factors
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Rocha, Breno Padovezi. "Emprego do ensaio SPT sísmico na investigação de solos tropicais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18132/tde-28112013-100232/.
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O principal objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar a aplicação da técnica híbrida de SPT Sísmico (S-SPT), ou seja, a realização da sísmica up-hole em conjunto com a sondagem de simples reconhecimento com medida de SPT, para uma melhor caracterização de solos tropicais. O ensaio híbrido mais empregado para determinação de parâmetros dos solos, inclusive o módulo de cisalhamento máximo (Go) é o de cone sísmico (SCPT). No entanto, sua realização exige equipamentos especiais e de custo elevado. A possibilidade de medir a velocidade de propagação da onda S (VS) em conjunto com o ensaio SPT empregando o a técnica up-hole é uma alternativa interessante. Essa técnica combinada, pouco empregada no Brasil, foi recentemente desenvolvida e testada. Neste trabalho, a determinação ao mesmo tempo e no mesmo furo dos valores de N do SPT e velocidade de onda S (Vs) permitiu calcular o módulo de cisalhamento máximo (Go) e avaliar as vantagens de se obter a relação Go/N, similar a relação entre Go/qc, para investigação de solos tropicais colapsíveis. As áreas de estudo são os campos experimentais da UNESP-Bauru, USP-São Carlos e UNICAMP-Campinas, onde ensaios S-SPT foram realizados. Os resultados desses ensaios foram comparados com valores de VS referência, determinados através de ensaios sísmicos cross-hole, down-hole e SCPT. A diferença entre os valores de VS foram, em média, 8,5, 9,0% e 16,0% respectivamente para os campos experimentais da UNESP-Bauru, USP-São Carlos e UNICAMP-Campinas. Considera-se que a técnica híbrida do S-SPT pode ser empregada para obter o perfil de Go, em conjunto com o ensaio SPT, rapidamente e a um custo relativamente baixo. Constatou-se que a relação Go/N é maior na camada de solo laterítico, e que ela diminui quanto menos evoluído é o perfil do subsolo. Observou-se essa a mesma tendência nos ensaios S-SPT, porém com menor nitidez. Este fato pode estar associado a maior dificuldade de interpretar os registros de ondas sísmicas pela técnica up-hole bem como pela variabilidade do perfil dos subsolos.The main objective of this work is to assess the applicability of the hybrid test, the Seismic SPT (S-SPT), i.e. the up-hole seismic test carried out together with SPT test, in order to achieve a better site characterization of tropical soils. The most used hybrid test to determine the soil parameters, including the maximum shear modulus (Go), is the seismic cone test (SCPT). The possibility of measuring the S wave velocity together with the SPT test using the up-hole technique is an interesting alternative. This combined technique was scarcely used in Brazil and it has been recently developed and tested. In this work, the concomitant measuring of the SPT N value together with the S wave velocity in the same test allowed calculating the maximum shear modulus (Go) and assessing the advantages of obtaining the Go/N ratio, similar to the Go/qc ratio, for the site characterization of tropical collapsible soils. The research areas are the experimental sites of UNESP-Bauru, USP-São Carlos and UNICAMP-Campinas, where SPT tests were carried out. The results of these tests were compared with reference values VS, which were determined via cross-hole, down-hole and SCPT tests. The differences between VS values were, in average, 8.5%, 9.0% and 16.0% respectively for UNESP-Bauru, USP-São Carlos and Campinas-UNICAMP research sites. The hybrid S-SPT test can be used to define the Go profile, together with the N SPT values, with a relatively low cost. It was found that the Go/N ratio is higher in the lateritic soil layer and it gets lower as the soil profile is less developed. The same tendency was observed with the S-SPT tests, however with less distinctness. This fact can be associated to a higher difficulty on the interpretation of seismic wave traces with the up-hole technique as well as to soil variability.
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Perez, Waldo Flores, Jorge Chavez Cerdena, Gary Duran Ramirez, and Maggie Martinelli Montoya. "Correlation of dynamic probing light (DPL) and standard penetration test (SPT) for sandy soil of alluvial origin." Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/656568.
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El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado.In geotechnical studies, the dynamic probing light (DPL) turns out to be an alternative method to the Standard Penetration test (SPT) for the determination of soil parameters. The requirement of various regulations for correlating both tests in the same field and not establishing a methodology to carry it out, limits the practical scope of dynamic probing light. Thus, this research presents a correlation methodology between the dynamic probing light (DPL) and the Standard Penetration test (SPT) specifically for sandy soils (SP and SP-SM) located in an area of Chilca, located in Cañete. - Lima Peru. For the analysis, more than 400 data pairs were used, obtaining two linear correlations between the count blow of Standard Penetration-NSPT test and the dynamic probing light method-N10, which presented an adjustment correlation between 84% and 87 %.
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Lukiantchuki, Juliana Azoia. "Interpretação de resultados do ensaio SPT com base em instrumentação dinâmica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18132/tde-24052013-103725/.
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O ensaio de simples reconhecimento do solo (SPT) e usualmente utilizado para estimar a resistência do solo, atraves do índice NSPT, que representa a resistencia a penetração dinâmica do amostrador no solo. Esse índice é usado diretamente em correlações empíricas ou semi-empíricas na determinação da capacidade de suporte e recalque das fundações. Entretanto, esse ensaio tem sido alvo de críticas devido a utilização dessas correlações empíricas, geralmente baseadas em observações práticas e sem nenhum fundamento científico. Críticas também estão relacionadas com a dispersão dos resultados, devido a utilização de diferentes tipos de equipamentos e procedimentos executivos. O índice NSPT depende da parcela de energia que e efetivamente transmitida ao amostrador durante a queda do martelo. Assim, análises racionais dos resultados de ensaios SPT dependem essencialmente da estimativa da quantidade dessa energia. Por esse motivo, tem sido desenvolvidas diversas pesquisas relacionados com a energia envolvida no ensaio SPT. Este trabalho apresenta interpretações dos resultados do ensaio SPT a partir das quantidades de energia envolvidas durante a queda do martelo. Essas quantidades de energia são determinadas indiretamente, através dos sinais de força normal e aceleração durante a propagação da onda de tensão ao longo da composição de hastes. Para isso, foi desenvolvido um equipamento que inclui uma instrumentação capaz de registrar esses sinais de força normal e aceleração. Uma série de ensaios SPT foi realizada com instrumentação instalada tanto no topo como na base da composição de hastes. Esse arranjo permitiu estimar as quantidades de energia disponíveis no topo e na base da composição de hastes. Assim, foi possível determinar a eficiência dos equipamentos SPT com base na quantidade de energia que efetivamente atinge o amostrador. A partir dos sinais registrados, também foi possível determinar a resistência dinâmica mobilizada no sistema solo-amostrador. Os resultados experimentais foram comparados com resultados obtidos através de métodos teóricos, baseados no Princípio de Hamilton, para a determinação da resistência estática e dinâmica do solo. Essas análises mostraram que equações teóricas podem ser adequadas para a determinação da resistência do solo, desde que seja considerada a quantidade de energia que efetivamente atinge o amostrador. Desta forma, essas equações teóricas podem ser facilmente incorporadas na prática de projeto de fundações, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento de métodos baseados na quantidade de energia necessária para a penetração do amostrador no solo.The standard penetration test (SPT) is usually used to estimate the soil strength through the NSPT index which represents the dynamic reaction force of the sampler penetration into the soil. This index is directly used in empirical or semi-empirical correlations for the determination of the bearing capacity and foundation settlements. However, this test has been criticized due to the use of these empirical correlations, often based on practical observation without any scientific basis. Criticism is also related to result dispersion due to the use of different types of equipment and execution procedures. The NSPT index depends on the amount of energy that is effectively transmitted to the sampler during the hammer fall. Thus, rational analyses of the SPT test results essentially depend on the estimation of this amount of energy. For this reason, several studies related to the energy involved in SPT test have been developed. This research presents interpretations of the SPT test results from the amounts of energy involved during the hammer fall. These amounts of energy are indirectly assessed by means of normal force and acceleration signals during the stress wave propagation along the string of rods. For this reason, a device that includes instrumentation capable of registering these signals of normal force and acceleration was developed. A series of tests was performed with the instrumentation installed at the top and the bottom of the string of rods. This arrangement allowed estimating the amount of energy available at the top and bottom of the string of rods. Thus, it was possible to estimate the efficiency of the SPT equipment basing on the amount of energy that actually reaches the sampler. From the recorded signals, it was also possible to assess the dynamic reaction force mobilized in the soil-sample system. The results were compared with other results obtained by theoretical methods, based on the Hamilton´s Principle, for evaluating the static and dynamic reaction force of the soil. These analyzes have shown that theoretical equations may be suitable for the determination of the soil strength, provided that the amount of energy that actually reaches the sampler be considered. Thus, these theoretical equations can be easily incorporated into the practice of foundation designs contributing to the development of methods based on the amount of energy required for the penetration of the sampler into the soil.
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Aktas, Yusuf. "Application Of Active Sampling And Sptd/gc-ms Analysis Methodologies For Terpenes At Uludag Mountain." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/1045368/index.pdf.
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Measurement of monoterpenes includingalpha-pinene, camphene, beta-pinene, d-limonene, gamma-terpinene, linalool, 1-isopulegol, 1-borneol, dl-menthol, alpha-terpineol, dihydrocarveol, citronellol, pulegone, geraniol
and gas phase inorganic pollutants (O3 and NOx) were investigated on Uludag Mountain, which is the highest point in North-west Turkey. The sampling site (1645 m altitude) is surrounded by mainly Uludag fir, which is characteristic to Uludag, while altitudes lower than 1000 m were composed of mixed deciduous trees. Sampling apparatus and sampling strategy for collection of the studied terpenes on Uludag Mountain were developed. Breakthrough Volume experiments were performed for accurate sampling. Samples were collected in a field campaign performed during October 2002 by means of active sampling onto glass coated stainless steel tubes containing Tenax&
#61666
TA (55 mg) and Carbopack&
#61652
B (65 mg). The mass flow rate and duration of sampling were 30 mL/min and 4 hours. Short-Path-Thermal-Desorption/Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (SPTD/GC-MS) was used for the analysis of monoterpenes during 12-14 October 2002. The cryogenic preconcentration (-40oC) was maintained by liquid CO2. HP-1-MS capillary column provided good resolution of peaks, except for pulegone and citronellol at standard operation procedure. Internal standard calibration was applied by adding carefully measured spikes of fenchone to the samples and standards. The detection limits for each terpene were found to be at sub-ppbv level. Daily intermediate standard measurements and auto-tune provided checking the instrumental capabilities. Selected Ion Monitoring mode was used for analysis of the terpenes. For quantitation of the spectra at least one qualifier ion was expected to be within 80% correlation with target ion. Alpha-pinene, camphene, beta-pinene, and d-limonene were determined. The average concentrations of monoterpenes were found to be 0.385, 0.168, 0.111, and 0.204 ppbv respectively. Simultaneous measurements of O3, NOx, SO2, and meteorological parameters were also performed. The data resolution was 15 min for each pollutant. Ozone displayed strong diurnal variation (around 5-30 ppb), while NOx concentrations were almost constant around 15 ppb. During the sampling campaign terpenes showed similar behaviours with O3, but not with NOx. Terpenes had a direct relation with temperature and relative humidity.
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Thebault, Philippe. "Le facteur d'élongation SPT2/SIN1 est impliqué dans l'assemblage du nucléosome couplé à la transcription." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26726/26726.pdf.
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Lee, Wai-ming. "Correlation of PCPT and SPT data from a shallow marine site investigation /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B30110385.
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Lee, Wai-ming, and 李慧明. "Correlation of PCPT and SPT data from a shallow marine site investigation." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B44570077.
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Sullivan, Kay Ueda 1980. "PIC simulation of SPT Hall thrusters : high power operation and wall effects." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/17839.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-79).
The fully kinetic Hall Thruster simulation built by [1] and used by [2] is further refined and used to obtain results for the P5 SPT Hall thruster at 3kw and 5kw operation. Performance data agree well with experiments [3], although very low values of anomalous diffusivity must be used for convergence. Particle temperatures and plasma potentials in the chamber are similar to experimental results, although charged particles and peak ionization rates are found further upstream than is observed experimentally. Electron transport mechanisms and the magnetic field configuration are analyzed for their physical consistency and effect on particle placement. Electron mobility rates are found to be physical although the reason for high Hall parameter is still unclear. Strong magnetic mirror effects, that are not reported in experimental data, are found in the simulation. Meanwhile, two sputtering models are added to the simulation and tested. A yield model based on [4]'s theories and implemented with [5]'s functions is found to agree well with experimental yield data for 300eV to 1000eV sources, but produces small yields at thruster operating conditions.
by Kay Ueda Sullivan.
S.M.
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Strandet, M. L., A. Weiss, J. D. Vieira, Breuck C. de, J. E. Aguirre, M. Aravena, M. L. N. Ashby, et al. "THE REDSHIFT DISTRIBUTION OF DUSTY STAR-FORMING GALAXIES FROM THE SPT SURVEY." IOP PUBLISHING LTD, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621235.
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We use the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) in Cycle 1 to determine spectroscopic redshifts of high-redshift dusty star-forming galaxies (DSFGs) selected by their 1.4 mm continuum emission in the South Pole Telescope (SPT) survey. We present ALMA 3 mm spectral scans between 84 and 114 GHz for 15 galaxies and targeted ALMA 1 mm observations for an additional eight sources. Our observations yield 30 new line detections from CO, [CI], [NII], H2O and NH3. We further present Atacama Pathfinder Experiment [CII] and CO mid-J observations for seven sources for which only a single line was detected in spectral-scan data from ALMA Cycle 0 or Cycle 1. We combine the new observations with previously published and new millimeter/submillimeter line and photometric data of the SPT-selected DSFGs to study their redshift distribution. The combined data yield 39 spectroscopic redshifts from molecular lines, a success rate of >85%. Our sample represents the largest data set of its kind today and has the highest spectroscopic completeness among all redshift surveys of high-z DSFGs. The median of the redshift distribution is z = 3.9 +/- 0.4, and the highest-redshift source in our sample is at z = 5.8. We discuss how the selection of our sources affects the redshift distribution, focusing on source brightness, selection wavelength, and strong gravitational lensing. We correct for the effect of gravitational lensing and find the redshift distribution for 1.4 mm selected sources with a median redshift of z = 3.1 +/- 0.3. Comparing to redshift distributions selected at shorter wavelengths from the literature, we show that selection wavelength affects the shape of the redshift distribution.
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Sheffield, Kimberly Kay. "Interplay of Transcription Factor E and Spt4/5 During Transcription Initiation in Pyrococcus furiosus." PDXScholar, 2018. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4444.
Full textAbstract:
Transcription, the first step in gene expression, is a highly regulated process which relies on a multi-protein complex to occur. Among these proteins are transcription factors, including initiation and elongation factors, which play differing roles in early and late stages of transcription. The mechanisms of transition from transcription initiation to elongation are not well understood in archaea, nor are the structures of the transcription factors involved. For transcription to occur in vitro, transcription factors TATA binding protein (TBP) and Transcription Factor B (TFB) are sufficient to allow RNA polymerase (RNAP) to synthesize RNA from template DNA. Another factor, Transcription Factor E (TFE), can also join the initiation complex and is likely to be essential in vivo. TFE is known to contribute to initiation by enhancing promoter opening, and while it has been shown to persist in elongation complexes, its role after initiation is unknown. Spt4/5, the archaeal homolog of the only universally conserved RNAP-associated factor, is known to join complexes in elongation steps and enhance processivity of the polymerase. However, if Spt4/5 joins pre-initiated complexes, it has been shown to inhibit transcription activity. The experiments in this thesis show that TFE and Spt4/5 participate in a crucial interchange at the upstream fork of the transcription bubble that helps define the timing of Spt4/5 binding. Using unnatural amino acid crosslinking techniques, the points of proximity between specific regions of these two factors and the template DNA have been mapped to identify possible sites of interaction. Competitive crosslinking assays indicate the exact timing of the shift in affinity between TFE and Spt4/5 for their shared binding site on RNAP. These data, combined with transcription assays, suggest a new role for TFE in preventing premature Spt4/5 binding, corresponding with a unique localized mobility within the winged helix of TFE.
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Ferreira, Marlon Queiroz. "Adaptação do ensaio SPT para determinação de parâmetros adicionais para o dimensionamento de fundações." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18132/tde-13052016-113414/.
Full textAbstract:
A presente pesquisa foi desenvolvida com o intuito de agregar alguns procedimentos ao Ensaio SPT, para se obter um maior número de parâmetros para o dimensionamento de fundações, visto que este ensaio é o tipo de investigação de subsolo mais utilizado no Brasil para este fim. Os procedimentos adicionados foram: medida de eficiência do equipamento e ensaio de arrancamento do amostrador em cada camada distinta de solo atravessado. Foram realizados nove ensaios de arrancamento do amostrador, em três furos de sondagem, nas profundidades de dois, cinco e dez metros (três camadas de solos distintas). Em um quarto furo foram realizadas duas provas de carga à compressão no amostrador (nas profundidades de dois e cinco metros) para determinação da eficiência do equipamento. Por meio destes ensaios foi possível obter: a resistência de ponta do ensaio SPT, a resistência por atrito lateral na face externa do amostrador, e a razão de atrito do ensaio SPT, que pode ser usada para a classificação de solo de modo similar ao utilizado para o ensaio de cone. Além destes resultados, neste trabalho foi também analisada a relação entre a resistência por atrito interna e externa no amostrador durante o ensaio, conhecida por a. Esta relação mostrou-se maior para a camada de solo com grande porcentagem de pedregulho e menor para a camada que apresentava maior porcentagem de argila. Foi observado também que o valor de a cresce linearmente com a razão entre o valor de NSPT e a tensão vertical efetiva na profundidade do ensaio. Os resultados deste trabalho também mostraram que o valor da razão entre a resistência de ponta do ensaio SPT (qSPT) e o valor de NSPT é único para o mesmo tipo de solo. Além disso, os valores encontrados nesta pesquisa da razão qSPT/ NSPT são próximos aos valores da razão entre a resistência de ponta do ensaio de cone e o NSPT encontrados na literatura.This research was developed in order to add some procedures to the SPT test, to obtain new parameters for the design of foundations, since this test is the most used in Brazil for this purpose. The additional measurements are: the energy delivered to the rod during a hammer impact, and the sampler\'s shaft resistance known from static uplift. For this investigation, nine uplift tests were conducted on the SPT sampler, in three boreholes, at three different depths (two, five and ten meters) to the determination of the SPT side friction resistance. Additionally, two compressive static load tests were carried out on the sampler in a fourth borehole to the determination of the efficiency of the SPT equipment. The results showed that the SPT test could provide measurements of end bearing and side friction resistances. Also, a SPT normalized friction ratio was determined for the classification of soil in a similar way used based on CPT data. In addition, the ratio between the internal and the external skin friction in the sampler during the test, known as \"a\" was analyzed. The values of this ratio were higher for the soil with higher percentage of gravel, and smaller for the soil with higher percentage of fines. Additionally, the \"a\" value increases linearly with the ratio between the NSPT value and the effective vertical stress at the tested depth. The results of the ratio between the SPT end bearing resistance and the NSPT found in this research are of similar magnitude to the ratios between CPT end bearing resistance and the NSPT found in the literature.
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Silva, Edna de Mello. "Telejornalismo e comunidade: o bairro como espaço de cena e o olhar vigilante no SPTV 1ª edição." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/27/27153/tde-22072009-175924/.
Full textAbstract:
A presente tese discute a prática do chamado jornalismo comunitário do quadro SPTV Comunidade, exibido no telejornal SPTV 1a. edição, pela Rede Globo de Televisão, na tentativa de apreender os discursos vigentes na sociedade que fazem interagir os campos discursivos do jornalismo televisivo e das comunidades. O desenvolvimento do trabalho descreve a presença do noticiário jornalístico no percurso histórico da televisão brasileira, os conceitos de comunidade e o espaço do jornalismo que se quer alternativo, fronteiras que delimitam a área de atuação do jornalismo comunitário. Nota-se ainda que o telejornalismo freqüentemente mostra traços de entretenimento e espetáculo em suas produções. As reportagens do quadro SPTV Comunidade são analisadas segundo as teorias da análise de discurso e da análise de conteúdo. As Ciências da Linguagem dão suporte às discussões e fornecem as conceituações do marco teórico. Os estudos de Foucault sobre a sociedade disciplinar e o panopticismo, em conjunto com as noções de Maingueneau sobre a cenografia do discurso contribuem para o entendimento de que os bairros são apresentados nas reportagens como o espaço de cena dos discursos e que o jornalismo televisivo funciona como um ordenador social, disciplinando os lugares de fala e de visibilidade das comunidades.This thesis discusses the practice of called communitarian journalism on SPTV Comunidade, shown on tv news SPTV 1a. edição on Rede Globo de Televisão. Here, I try to get the different social discourses, wich interact with the news tv and its communities. This research discusses the history of Brazilian news, the concepts of community and the space of the so called alternative journalism as well as the field of the communitary journalism. The news reports shown on SPTV Comunidade are studied according to the theories of discurses and the content analysis. In this work, the Language Sciences are the basis for further discussions as well as theoretical basis. The studies of Michel Foucault concering disciplinar society and the panopticism, as well as Maingueneaus notion of scenography have also contributed to the our results. This results show the various districts are portraited as a scenario for the tv news discourse, wich work as social discipliner, in other words it disciplinates various discourse places and the communities visibilities.
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Pedrini, Rubens Antonio Amaral [UNESP]. "Desenvolvimento de sistema para sísmica up-hole em conjunto com o ensaio SPT." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92971.
Full textAbstract:
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Este trabalho apresenta o sistema e metodologia para realização e interpretação de ensaios sísmicos up-role durante uma sondagem de simples reconhecimento (SPT). Este ensaio híbrido, conhecido também como S-SPT, incorpora a medida de velocidade de propagação de ondas de cisalhamento (Vs) ao ensaio SPT, visando uma melhor investigação do subsolo. A possibilidade de se medir, ao mesmo tempo e no mesmo furo, os valores de N do SPT e Vs, permitem calcular o módulo de cisalhamento máximo (Go), abrindo uma nova perspectiva para investigação de solos tropicais colapsíveis, a partir da relação Go/N, similar a relação Go/qc. O sistema é composto por um hardware (geofones, trigger e sistema de aquisição de dados) e softwares, um para registro dos sinais sísmicos e outro para sua interpretação. A metodologia de execução dos ensaios foi aperfeiçoada, a partir da realização de várias campanhas de ensaios de campo. Para a interpretação dos sinais e cálculo das velocidades foi elaborado um software, que possibilita definir os perfis de Vs sem a necessidade de outras ferramentas. Esse software possibilita o processamento e visualização dos registros, além de permitir aplicar um método específico para cálculo das velocidades de onda considerando a refração das ondas durante sua propagação através das diversas camadas do meio, conforme a Lei de Snell. Foram realizadas campanhas de ensaios S-SPT em um campo experimental localizado na cidade de Bauru, interior do estado de São Paulo, Brasil, para desenvolver o sistema e validar sua aplicação. Os resultados desses ensaios foram comparados com valores de Vs referência, determinados através de ensaios sísmicos down-hole, tipo SCPT. O ensaio S-SPT mostrou ser uma técnica interessante e aplicável, uma vez que a diferença entre os valores de Vs medidos com os de referência foi baixa, com um valor médio inferior a 10% para as áreas investigadas. Deste modo, pode ser
This work presents a system and methodology for performing and interpreting up-hole seismic tests together with the Standard Penetration Test (SPT). This hybrid test, also known as S-SPT, incorporates the measurements of shear waves velocity propagation (Vs) in the SPT, for a better site investigation. The possibility of measuring simultaneously in the same borehole, the N SPT and the Vs values which allows calculating the maximum shear modulus (Go), opens new perspectives for the investigation of collapsible tropical soils, from Go/N ratio, similar to Go/qc. The system consists of a hardware (geophones, trigger and data aquisition system) and software, one to record of the seismic signals and the other for its interpretation. The methodology for carrying out the tests was improved after several field trials. A software was developed for interpretation of records and calculating velocities, which allows to define the Vs profiles without the need of additional tools. This software enables processing and displaying records, and also allows applying a specific method for calculating velocities considering the waves refraction during their propagation through the various layers of the soil mass, according to the Snell's Law. The S-SPT campaigns were carried out in an experimental field located in the city of Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil, to develop the system and validate its application. The results of these tests were compared with Vs reference values, which were determined by the down-hole seismic test, SCPT type. The S-SPT test proved to be an interesting applicable technique, since the differences to the Vs reference values were small, wich and average lower than 10% for the investigated site. The S-SPT test can be considered as an option for determining the maximum shear modulus, with the advantage of being performed together with the most widely used test for site investigation, the SPT
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Soergel, B., S. Flender, K. T. Story, L. Bleem, T. Giannantonio, G. Efstathiou, E. Rykoff, et al. "Detection of the kinematic Sunyaev–Zel'dovich effect with DES Year 1 and SPT." OXFORD UNIV PRESS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621727.
Full textAbstract:
We detect the kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (kSZ) effect with a statistical significance of 4.2 sigma by combining a cluster catalogue derived from the first year data of the Dark Energy Survey with cosmic microwave background temperature maps from the South Pole Telescope Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Survey. This measurement is performed with a differential statistic that isolates the pairwise kSZ signal, providing the first detection of the large-scale, pairwise motion of clusters using redshifts derived from photometric data. By fitting the pairwise kSZ signal to a theoretical template, we measure the average central optical depth of the cluster sample, (tau) over bar (e) = (3.75 +/- 0.89) x 10(-3). We compare the extracted signal to realistic simulations and find good agreement with respect to the signal to noise, the constraint on (tau) over bar (e), and the corresponding gas fraction. High-precision measurements of the pairwise kSZ signal with future data will be able to place constraints on the baryonic physics of galaxy clusters, and could be used to probe gravity on scales greater than or similar to 100 Mpc.
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Haan, T. de, B. A. Benson, L. E. Bleem, S. W. Allen, D. E. Applegate, M. L. N. Ashby, M. Bautz, et al. "COSMOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS FROM GALAXY CLUSTERS IN THE 2500 SQUARE-DEGREE SPT-SZ SURVEY." IOP PUBLISHING LTD, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622452.
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We present cosmological parameter constraints obtained from galaxy clusters identified by their SunyaevZel'dovich effect signature in the 2500 square-degree South Pole Telescope Sunyaev Zel'dovich (SPT-SZ) survey. We consider the 377 cluster candidates identified at z > 0.25 with a detection significance greater than five, corresponding to the 95% purity threshold for the survey. We compute constraints on cosmological models using the measured cluster abundance as a function of mass and redshift. We include additional constraints from multi-wavelength observations, including Chandra X-ray data for 82 clusters and a weak lensing-based prior on the normalization of the mass-observable scaling relations. Assuming a spatially flat Lambda CDM cosmology, we combine the cluster data with a prior on H-0 and find sigma(8)= 0.784. +/- 0.039 and Omega(m) = 0.289. +/- 0.042, with the parameter combination sigma(8) (Omega(m)/0.27)(0.3) = 0.797 +/- 0.031. These results are in good agreement with constraints from the cosmic microwave background (CMB) from SPT, WMAP, and Planck, as well as with constraints from other cluster data sets. We also consider several extensions to Lambda CDM, including models in which the equation of state of dark energy w, the species-summed neutrino mass, and/or the effective number of relativistic species (N-eff) are free parameters. When combined with constraints from the Planck CMB, H-0, baryon acoustic oscillation, and SNe, adding the SPT cluster data improves the w constraint by 14%, to w = -1.023 +/- 0.042.
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Galvis, Juliana Zapata. "Estimativa das tensões internas e externas atuantes no amostrador SPT durante sua cravação." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18132/tde-02052016-155809/.
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O ensaio SPT (Standard Penetration Test) é um dos ensaios geotécnicos mais utilizados no Brasil e em grande parte do mundo, para determinar o índice NSPT. Esse índice é usado para estimar, através de correlações empíricas, parâmetros do solo, capacidade de suporte, recalque de fundações, etc. Pelo fato destas correlações não terem nenhum fundamento científico, pesquisadores têm procurado desenvolver métodos racionais de análise, baseados em energia. Com esses métodos pode-se determinar a eficiência do ensaio SPT, que é uma importante característica utilizada nas análises dos resultados do ensaio. As quantidades de energia envolvidas no ensaio SPT são determinadas através do método EFV. Para tanto, é necessária a utilização de hastes instrumentadas com acelerômetros e células de carga durante a realização dos ensaios. Com os sinais de força e aceleração foram determinadas as quantidades de energia, força de reação dinâmica experimental do solo, forças de reação teórica estática e dinâmica e tensões atuantes no amostrador. Neste trabalho, como os sinais de força e aceleração foram registrados em uma seção instrumentada logo acima do amostrador, a eficiência do sistema pode ser determinada de acordo com a definição proposta por Aoki e Cintra (2000), e incluindo a correção sugerida por Odebrecht (2003). Nesta pesquisa foi desenvolvido um sistema de extrator de amostras, constituído de uma base, um cilindro hidráulico e uma célula de carga, para quantificar experimentalmente a força de atrito interno para posteriormente determinar as demais tensões que atuam no amostrador e o parâmetro a de Aoki, o qual é a razão entre o atrito interno e o atrito externo entre o solo e o amostrador.The Standard Penetration Test (SPT) is one of the in-situ geotechnical tests most used in Brazil, as well as in many parts of the world. Through empirical correlations, the NSPT index is used to estimate parameters of the soil, carrying capacity, discharge of foundations, etc. Because these correlations have no scientific basis, researchers have developed rational methods of analysis, based on energy concepts. Using these concepts, the efficiency of the SPT, which is essential in the analysis of the test results, can be assessed. The amounts of energy involved in the SPT test are evaluated by the EFV method. Therefore, it is necessary instrumented rods with accelerometers and load cells for performing the tests. With force and acceleration records, amounts of energy, experimental dynamic reaction force of the soil, theoretical static and dynamic reaction forces and stresses acting on the sampler were assessed. In this work, as the force and acceleration signals were recorded at an instrumented section just above the sampler, the system efficiency could be determined according to the definition proposed by Cintra and Aoki (2000), including the energy corrections suggested by Odebrecht (2003). In this study, a sample extractor system consisting of a base, a hydraulic cylinder and a load cell was designed. The objective of this equipment is to experimentally quantify the internal friction force, allowing evaluating the stresses acting on the sampler. Also, the Aoki\'s a parameter, which is the ratio of internal friction and external friction between the ground and the sampler, could be calculated.
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Cunha, Emanuel Erivan Silva da. "Correla??es entre resultados de ensaios SPT e CPT para solo arenoso sedimentar." PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM ENGENHARIA CIVIL, 2016. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/22135.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)
O ensaio SPT ? a ferramenta mais utilizada no Brasil para a obten??o de par?metros geot?cnicos para elabora??o de projetos de funda??o. Em contrapartida o CPTu ainda ? pouco usual, fato explicado pelo pequeno n?mero de empresas que o executam e pelo custo elevado. Logo, ? justificada a busca por correla??es para estimativa de par?metros do ensaio CPTu atrav?s de dados do ensaio SPT. No entanto a grande maioria dos estudos realizados concentram-se no sul e sudeste do pa?s, refor?ando a necessidade da determina??o de correla??es em outras regi?es, considerando as caracter?sticas dos solos locais. O objetivo desse trabalho ? determinar correla??es entre a resist?ncia a penetra??o do ensaio SPT (????) com a resist?ncia de ponta (??) e a resist?ncia lateral (fs) do ensaio CPTu. Utilizando-se ajustes lineares e uma abordagem geoestat?stica simplificada, obtiveram-se correla??es entre 88 sondagens SPT e oito ensaios CPTu para profundidades m?ximas de 22 m, em um dep?sito de areia siltosa na Cidade de Natal, no nordeste do Brasil. Os valores de NSPT utilizados nas correla??es foram corrigidos para energia padr?o internacional de 60%. A sele??o dos dados utilizou crit?rios geoestat?sticos, atrav?s do alcance do variograma para demarca??o da zona de influ?ncia das sondagens, bem como aplica??o de m?todos como IDW e Krigagem ordin?ria.
The standard penetration test (SPT) is the most commonly used in situ test for obtaining the required geotechnical parameters for foundation analysis and design in Brazil. Since in most situations only SPT data is available, the search for new SPT-CPT correlations is necessary. However, most of the available SPT-CPT correlations in Brazil have been established for soils of southern regions of the country. New local correlations for other soil types are therefore necessary. This study aims at determining correlations between the SPT resistance number (NSPT), and the CPT tip resistance (qc) and sleeve friction resistance (fs) for a silty sand deposit at the city of Natal, at the Northeast coast of Brazil. Using linear fittings and a simplified geostatistic approach, correlations were obtained for 88 SPT boreholes and eight CPT boreholes. The NSPT blowcount values where corrected for the energy of 60%. SPT-CPT correlations were devised using the following approaches: variogram analysis, inverse distance weighting (IDW) and ordinary kriging.
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Pedrini, Rubens Antonio Amaral. "Desenvolvimento de sistema para sísmica up-hole em conjunto com o ensaio SPT /." Bauru : [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92971.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Heraldo Luiz GiachetiBanca: Otávio Coaracy Brasil Gandolfo
Banca: George de Paula Bernardes
Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta o sistema e metodologia para realização e interpretação de ensaios sísmicos up-role durante uma sondagem de simples reconhecimento (SPT). Este ensaio híbrido, conhecido também como S-SPT, incorpora a medida de velocidade de propagação de ondas de cisalhamento (Vs) ao ensaio SPT, visando uma melhor investigação do subsolo. A possibilidade de se medir, ao mesmo tempo e no mesmo furo, os valores de N do SPT e Vs, permitem calcular o módulo de cisalhamento máximo (Go), abrindo uma nova perspectiva para investigação de solos tropicais colapsíveis, a partir da relação Go/N, similar a relação Go/qc. O sistema é composto por um hardware (geofones, trigger e sistema de aquisição de dados) e softwares, um para registro dos sinais sísmicos e outro para sua interpretação. A metodologia de execução dos ensaios foi aperfeiçoada, a partir da realização de várias campanhas de ensaios de campo. Para a interpretação dos sinais e cálculo das velocidades foi elaborado um software, que possibilita definir os perfis de Vs sem a necessidade de outras ferramentas. Esse software possibilita o processamento e visualização dos registros, além de permitir aplicar um método específico para cálculo das velocidades de onda considerando a refração das ondas durante sua propagação através das diversas camadas do meio, conforme a Lei de Snell. Foram realizadas campanhas de ensaios S-SPT em um campo experimental localizado na cidade de Bauru, interior do estado de São Paulo, Brasil, para desenvolver o sistema e validar sua aplicação. Os resultados desses ensaios foram comparados com valores de Vs referência, determinados através de ensaios sísmicos down-hole, tipo SCPT. O ensaio S-SPT mostrou ser uma técnica interessante e aplicável, uma vez que a diferença entre os valores de Vs medidos com os de referência foi baixa, com um valor médio inferior a 10% para as áreas investigadas. Deste modo, pode ser
Abstract: This work presents a system and methodology for performing and interpreting up-hole seismic tests together with the Standard Penetration Test (SPT). This hybrid test, also known as S-SPT, incorporates the measurements of shear waves velocity propagation (Vs) in the SPT, for a better site investigation. The possibility of measuring simultaneously in the same borehole, the N SPT and the Vs values which allows calculating the maximum shear modulus (Go), opens new perspectives for the investigation of collapsible tropical soils, from Go/N ratio, similar to Go/qc. The system consists of a hardware (geophones, trigger and data aquisition system) and software, one to record of the seismic signals and the other for its interpretation. The methodology for carrying out the tests was improved after several field trials. A software was developed for interpretation of records and calculating velocities, which allows to define the Vs profiles without the need of additional tools. This software enables processing and displaying records, and also allows applying a specific method for calculating velocities considering the waves refraction during their propagation through the various layers of the soil mass, according to the Snell's Law. The S-SPT campaigns were carried out in an experimental field located in the city of Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil, to develop the system and validate its application. The results of these tests were compared with Vs reference values, which were determined by the down-hole seismic test, SCPT type. The S-SPT test proved to be an interesting applicable technique, since the differences to the Vs reference values were small, wich and average lower than 10% for the investigated site. The S-SPT test can be considered as an option for determining the maximum shear modulus, with the advantage of being performed together with the most widely used test for site investigation, the SPT
Mestre
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Baños, Julieth Paola Quintero. "Modelagem numérica dos fenômenos que ocorrem durante a penetração do amostrador SPT no solo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18132/tde-28112016-100400/.
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O ensaio SPT (Standard Penetration Test), é o ensaio de campo geotécnico mais usado no Brasil e grande parte do mundo. A ampla utilização deste ensaio no âmbito da engenharia geotécnica deve-se à sua simplicidade, baixo custo, grande experiência prática e facilidade de aplicação dos seus resultados. Os principais objetivos do ensaio são a determinação do índice de resistência do solo (NSPT) e amostragem. Apesar de ser muito utilizado na estimativa da capacidade de carga de fundações, o ensaio SPT tem sido questionado pelo fato de que o índice NSPT é utilizado em correlações empíricas baseadas em observações práticas, sem nenhum fundamento científico. Além do mais, seus resultados apresentam significativas dispersões. Para analisar racionalmente os resultados do ensaio e de possibilitar a comparação dos diferentes resultados de distintas equipes, é necessário conhecer as quantidades de energia envolvidas na penetração do amostrador no solo. Tais análises requerem o conhecimento da eficiência do equipamento (η) e a força de reação dinâmica do solo à cravação do amostrador (RD). Neste cenário, o presente trabalho aborda a interpretação racional dos resultados de ensaios SPT a partir de simulações numéricas realizadas com o software Abaqus/Explicit®. Esse programa fornece os deslocamentos do amostrador (Δρ), força de reação dinâmica do solo (RD), e as forças de reação nas paredes laterais externa e interna do amostrador (R1 e R2). Baseando-se nos resultados dos modelos numéricos, foi possível calcular a eficiência do equipamento, a partir da força de reação dinâmica do solo, as resistências unitárias de atrito atuantes nas paredes e a resistência unitária na ponta do amostrador. Também foi possível determinar a relação entre as resistências unitárias de atrito desenvolvidas no interior e exterior do amostrador (fator de atrito a). Os resultados obtidos foram comparados com resultados de trabalhos experimentais e valores teóricos determinados com base no Princípio de Hamilton da conservação da energia. Também foi possível simular uma prova de carga dinâmica com energia crescente no amostrador, variando a altura de queda do martelo. Isso confirmou que a resistência mobilizada do solo para certa energia aplicada pode estar bem abaixo da ruptura e apenas representar um ponto na curva de resistência mobilizada versus deslocamento.The Standard Penetration Test (SPT) is one of the most used geotechnical tests in the world. The wide use of this test in the context of geotechnical engineering is due to its simplicity, low cost, large practical experience and its ease of application of results. The main objectives of the test are the determination of soil resistance index (NSPT) and sampling. Despite being widely used in estimating the bearing capacity of foundations, the SPT test has been questioned by the fact that the NSPT index is used in empirical correlations based on practical observations, with no scientific basis. Furthermore, its results show significant dispersions. To analyze rationally the test results and to make possible to compare different results obtained from different equipment, it is necessary to know the amounts of energy existing during the penetration of the sampler into soil. Such analyses require information about the equipment efficiency (η) and the dynamic soil reaction force during the sampler penetration (RD). In this scenario, this work addresses the rational interpretation of SPT test results from numerical simulations performed with the Abaqus/Explicit software. This program provides the sampler displacements (Δρ), the dynamic soil reaction force (RD) and the external and internal reaction forces acting on the sampler walls (R1 e R2). Based on the results of the numerical models, it was possible to calculate the efficiency of the equipment, from the dynamic soil reaction force, the unit friction resistance acting on the sampler walls and the unit resistance at the sampler tip. In addition, it was possible to estimate the relationship between the unit friction resistance acting on the internal and external walls of the sampler (friction factor a). The numerical results were compared with experimental results and theoretical values, obtained using the Hamilton\'s principle of conservation of energy. Furthermore, it was possible to simulate a dynamic load test with increasing energy applied to the sampler, by varying the height of fall of the hammer. It was obtained the confirmation that resistance mobilized for a certain level of energy applied to the sampler may be below the failure load and represent only a point on the graph curve mobilized resistance versus displacement.
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Peixoto, Anna Silvia Palcheco 1965. "Estudo do ensaio SPT-T e sua aplicação na prática de engenharia de fundações." [s.n.], 2001. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257654.
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Orientador: David de CarvalhoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola
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Doutorado
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Rodriguez, Tiago Garcia. "Caracterização geotécnica de um solo de diabásio por meio de ensaios SPT e CPT." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/258775.
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Orientador: Paulo José Rocha de AlbuquerqueDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
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Resumo: A presente dissertação tem por objetivo apresentar a caracterização geotécnica do solo de diabásio do Campo Experimental da Faculdade de Engenharia Civil da Unicamp, por meio de ensaios de campo SPT e CPT. Verificar a adequabilidade dos ensaios as condições do solo tropical, lateritico, típico da região de Campinas, por meio de proposicoes de classificação de comportamento de solos e da estimativa de parâmetros geotécnicos, assim como as possíveis correlações, teóricas e empíricas, entre os dois ensaios. Foram utilizados ensaios de cone, mecânico e elétrico, e ensaios SPT com medição de energia. As propostas para classificações dos tipos de solo, através do CPT, utilizadas indicaram duas camadas distintas a primeira de solos de comportamento arenosos a silto-arenosos e a segunda de solos de comportamento siltosos a siltoargilosos, em concordância com a classificação obtida em laboratório. As proposicoes utilizadas para estimativa de parâmetros geotécnicos tiveram que ser ajustadas para o solo do campo experimental. A correlação (qc/pa)/N60 obtida foi de 4 para o solos coluvionar (areno-siltoso) e 2,5 para o solo residual (siltoso) em concordância com os valores encontrados na literatura
Abstract: The purpose of this dissertation is to present the geotechnical characterization of the diabasic soil of the Experimental Field of the Unicamp School of Civil Engineering by means of SPT and CPT field trials, and to check the adequacy of such trials to the conditions of the tropical, lateritic soil, which is typical of the Campinas region by means of propositions to classify the behavior of the soils and estimation of geotechnical parameters, as well as possible theoretical and empirical correlations between the two trials. Cone, mechanical and electrical trials were used as well as SPT trials with measurement of energy. The proposals used to classify the types of soil via CPT indicated two separate layers: the first one with soils with sandy to silty-sandy behavior, and the second layer of soils with silty to silty-clayey behavior, in agreement with the laboratory classification. The propositions used to estimate the geotechnical parameters had to be adjusted to the soil of the experimental field. The correlation (qc/pa)/N60 obtained was 4 for colluvial soil (sandy-silty), and 2.5 for residual soil (silty) in agreement with the values found in the literature
Mestrado
Geotecnia
Mestre em Engenharia Civil
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Saro, A., S. Bocquet, J. Mohr, E. Rozo, B. A. Benson, S. Dodelson, E. S. Rykoff, et al. "Optical-SZE scaling relations for DES optically selected clusters within the SPT-SZ Survey." OXFORD UNIV PRESS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624426.
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We study the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect (SZE) signature in South Pole Telescope (SPT) data for an ensemble of 719 optically identified galaxy clusters selected from 124.6 deg(2) of the Dark Energy Survey (DES) science verification data, detecting a clear stacked SZE signal down to richness lambda similar to 20. The SZE signature is measured using matched-filtered maps of the 2500 deg(2) SPT-SZ survey at the positions of the DES clusters, and the degeneracy between SZE observable and matched-filter size is broken by adopting as priors SZE and optical mass-observable relations that are either calibrated using SPT-selected clusters or through the Arnaud et al. (A10) X-ray analysis. We measure the SPT signal-to-noise zeta - lambda relation and two integrated Compton-y Y500-lambda relations for the DES-selected clusters and compare these to model expectations that account for the SZE-optical centre offset distribution. For clusters with lambda > 80, the two SPT-calibrated scaling relations are consistent with the measurements, while for the A10-calibrated relation the measured SZE signal is smaller by a factor of 0.61 +/- 0.12 compared to the prediction. For clusters at 20 < lambda < 80, the measured SZE signal is smaller by a factor of similar to 0.20-0.80 (between 2.3 sigma and 10 sigma significance) compared to the prediction, with the SPT-calibrated scaling relations and larger lambda clusters showing generally better agreement. We quantify the required corrections to achieve consistency, showing that there is a richness-dependent bias that can be explained by some combination of (1) contamination of the observables and (2) biases in the estimated halo masses. We also discuss particular physical effects associated with these biases, such as contamination of. from line-of-sight projections or of the SZE observables from point sources, larger offsets in the SZE-optical centring or larger intrinsic scatter in the lambda-mass relation at lower richnesses.
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Beattie, Ashley Emily. "Mechanistic studies of the pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent enzyme serine palmitoyltransferase : substrates, cofactor and inhibitors." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/10059.
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Sphingolipids (SL) are essential structural components of membranes found in all eukaryotes and have also been identified in some bacteria. The first step of the SL biosynthetic pathway across all species is catalysed by serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT), a member of the alpha-oxoamine synthase (AOS) family of pyridoxal 5’- phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzymes. AOS enzymes are involved in the biosynthesis of a range of important natural products such as heme, vitamins and antibiotics where they catalyse the reaction between amino acid and acyl-thioester substrates. Substrate specificity across the family is of great importance, as human mutant SPTs shift the substrate specificity from L-serine to glycine or L-alanine that lead to production of deoxy-sphingolipids that are toxic to mammalian cells. PLP, a form of vitamin B6, is one of nature’s most versatile catalysts and is involved in over 160 enzymes that carry out diverse reactions on amine-containing substrates. This work probes the functional role of the phosphate group of PLP, usually housed in a phosphate binding cup (PBC) and investigates the need for a novel and unexpected H-bond between the hydroxyl group of the L-serine substrate and the 5’-phosphate group of PLP in SPT. In this study, the PLP cofactor was removed from SPT with amino-thiol substrates which act as mechanism-based inhibitors of SPT via production of a thiazolidine adduct. Replacement of natural PLP with the dephosphorylated form of the cofactor, pyridoxal, allowed a study on the importance of the PLP phosphate:L-serine H-bond on substrate specificity and optimal SPT activity. Furthermore, analysis of the phosphate binding cup of the ALAS:PLP:glycine external aldimine, a related AOS family member; revealed an important residue that could possibly be involved in determining substrate specificity of different members of the AOS family. PBC analysis also expanded, with a detailed and interesting study of a novel SPT:PLP:myriocin inhibitor complex. Human SPT is a heterodimeric, membrane-bound enzyme composed of two subunits (hLCB1/hLCB2) which is thought to contain a single PLP-containing active site. Mutations in human hLCB1 have been linked to the rare sphingolipid metabolic disease hereditary sensory neuropathy I (HSAN1). Recent studies identified three heterozygous missense mutations in the second human SPT subunit hLCB2 that show a significant loss in SPT activity. The three human SPT mutations V359M, G385V and I504F were mapped onto the bacterial S. paucimobilis SPT as V246M, G268V and G385F. These bacterial SPT mutant mimics reveal that the amino acid changes have varying impacts; they perturb the PLP cofactor binding, reduce the affinity for both substrates, decrease the enzyme activity, and, in the most severe case, cause the protein to be expressed in an insoluble form. SPTs and most of the other members of the AOS family utilise an acyl-CoA thioester substrate. In contrast, a sphingolipid-producing bacterium, S. wittichii, is thought to use a small type II acyl carrier protein (ACP) to deliver the acyl chain to its homodimeric SPT target. Converting the unmodified apo-ACP to the activated “substrate” acyl-ACP, has proven difficult and amino acid sequence alignment, combined with modelling studies revealed an unusual tryptophan residue that could prevent modification to the acyl-ACP form. In this study a double mutant ACP E36G/W37A has been prepared and characterised. Both wild-type and mutant S. wittichii ACP are expressed in the recombinant E. coli host in their inactive apoform. The transfer of a phosphopantethiene (4’PP) linker by a specific PPTase (also known as an acyl carrier protein synthase (AcpS)) has been successful in modifying the mutant form of ACP to its holo-form but could not transfer a palmitoyl group (C16). E.coli ACP has been successfully expressed, purified and characterised in this study. For the first time, ion mobility mass spectromerty (IM-MS) has been used on this protein to gain structural insight into the different forms of ACP. Collisional cross section (CCS) distributions have been calculated for different acylated states of the ACP concluding that the protein exists in equilibrium between two states: a compact and an extended conformation.
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ROCHA, Dalton Davis Favacho da. "A relação executivo-legislativo no projeto de criação da Superintendência do Planejamento Territorial Participativo (SPTP) no Estado do Pará." Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012. http://repositorio.ufpa.br/jspui/handle/2011/4994.
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Este trabalho abordou a relação Executivo–Legislativo no Estado do Pará através do Projeto de Lei 01/2008 que implantaria a Superintendência do Planejamento Territorial Participativo (SPTP), durante a 16ª Legislatura da Assembleia Legislativa do Pará no período 2007-2010. Elaborado pelo Governo do Estado, o projeto previa a implantação de uma instituição que coordenaria o processo de participação popular e controle social proposto pelo governo Ana Júlia Carepa no início de seu governo. Como problemática, a pesquisa abordou a rejeição pelos parlamentares ao referido projeto, cuja questão de pesquisa foi a seguinte: que fatores contribuiram para a rejeição do Projeto de criação da SPTP pelo Poder Legislativo? Além disso, o que ela significa na relação Executivo–Legislativo segundo a literatura corrente. As hipóteses inferidas seriam as de que a rejeição foi motivada pela própria relação conflituosa entre Executivo e Legislativo na arena parlamentar ou pela percepção do conflito de interesses dos atores políticos locais quanto às fronteiras de atuação entre instituições políticas participativas e instituições políticas representativas. Os deputados contrários ao projeto não consideravam a SPTP enquanto prática efetiva de gestão democrática, mas suspeitavam que a mesma, por exemplo, pudesse estar vinculada a estratégias por parte do Executivo para fins eleitorais ou de barganha perante o Legislativo. O Desenvolvimento da pesquisa concentrou-se na busca pelas respostas a problemática apresentada bem como verificar a validade das hipótese inferidas. Quanto ao objetivo se avaliou o comportamento dos deputados na tramitação do projeto de criação da SPTP. Como ferramentas de pesquisas foram utilizadas pesquisas bibliográficas e empíricas.
This study addressed the Executive-Legislative relations in Pará through Bill 01/2008 implantaria that the Superintendency of Participative Territorial Planning (SPTP), during the 16th Legislature of the Legislative Assembly of Pará in the period 2007-2010. Prepared by the State Government, the project included the establishment of an institution that would coordinate the process of popular participation and social control proposed by the government Ana Júlia Carepa early in his administration. How problematic, the study addressed the rejection by parliament to that project, whose research question was: what factors contributed to the rejection of the project of creating the SPTP by the Legislature? Moreover, what it means in Executive-Legislative relations according to the current literature. The hypotheses would be inferred that the rejection was motivated by the conflicting relationship between the Executive and Legislature in the parliamentary arena or the perception of conflict of interest of local political actors as to the boundaries of performance between political institutions and participatory representative political institutions. Members opposed to the project did not consider SPTP while effective practice democratic management, but suspected the same, for example, could be linked to strategies by the Executive for electoral purposes or bargaining before the Legislature. The development of the research has focused on the search for answers to issues presented and to verify the validity of the hypothesis inferred. As for the goal we evaluated the behavior of MPs in the course of the project to create the SPTP. As research tools were used and empirical literature searches.
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Silva, Bruno Canoza da. "Estimativa da capacidade de carga à tração de estacas helicoidais com base no ensaio SPT." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18132/tde-04122014-091716/.
Full textAbstract:
Na prática brasileira, usualmente a previsão da capacidade de carga de fundações por estacas é baseada em métodos semi-empíricos, por meio de correlações diretas da resistência de ponta e por atrito lateral ao longo da estaca com os valores de NSPT. Entretanto, no caso de fundações por estacas helicoidais, ainda utilizam-se métodos teóricos que necessitam de valores de parâmetros geotécnicos obtidos indiretamente a partir de correlações com os valores de NSPT (coesão, peso específico, ângulo de atrito, coeficiente de empuxo). Portanto, nesta dissertação foi desenvolvido um método semi-empírico para estimar a capacidade de carga à tração de fundações por estacas helicoidais profundas por meio de correlações diretas com o valor de NSPT do solo de instalação da estaca. Além disso, são apresentados no presente trabalho valores de fator de torque KT, obtidos por análise estatística, para a verificação da capacidade de carga à tração da estaca usando-se medidas do torque necessário para instalá-la no terreno. Nesta pesquisa dois diferentes modelos para estimativa da capacidade de carga foram desenvolvidos e analisados estatisticamente. O estudo das características das amostras de fundações por estacas helicoidais usadas nesta pesquisa permitiu a subdivisão em grupos (tipo de solo e quantidade de hélices) de modo a se obter modelos mais precisos. Com os resultados deste trabalho, foi possível elaborar recomendações para projeto e execução de estacas helicoidais, bem como desenvolver um modelo para estimar a capacidade de carga à tração de estacas helicoidais instaladas em solos similares aos das estacas usadas neste estudo.The pile capacity in Brazil is usually predicted by semi-empirical methods based on direct correlations between SPT-N values and pile shaft and pile base resistance. However, the uplift capacity of helical piles is still calculated using theoretical methods based on soil parameters, as: cohesion, unit weight, friction angle, and lateral earth pressure coefficient. In this case, these parameters are obtained indirectly from correlations with values of SPT-N. This dissertation was inspired by the need of a more appropriate method to calculate the uplift capacity of helical piles, by correlating the capacity of the bearing plates directly with the soil type and SPT-N values. In this work, it was developed a semi-empirical method for estimating the pullout capacity of deep helical piles by using SPT test results, similarly to the other methods used for conventional piles. Also, this work presents some results of torque factor, obtained by statistical analysis, to the verification of the pile capacity by using the torque recorded at the end of pile installation. In this research, it was performed several statistical analysis to obtain appropriate models to estimate the uplift capacity of helical piles. The cases of helical piles used in this investigation are classified into groups according to the soil type and the number of helices. As a result, detailed evaluations and recommendations for improvement of helical pile design are presented. The proposed model is recommended to calculate the uplift capacity of helical piles installed in similar soils to that used in this study.
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Kirk, D., Y. Omori, A. Benoit-Lévy, R. Cawthon, C. Chang, P. Larsen, A. Amara, et al. "Cross-correlation of gravitational lensing from DES Science Verification data with SPT and Planck lensing." OXFORD UNIV PRESS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/614994.
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We measure the cross-correlation between weak lensing of galaxy images and of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). The effects of gravitational lensing on different sources will be correlated if the lensing is caused by the same mass fluctuations. We use galaxy shape measurements from 139 deg(2) of the Dark Energy Survey (DES) Science Verification data and overlapping CMB lensing from the South Pole Telescope (SPT) and Planck. The DES source galaxies have a median redshift of z(med) similar to 0.7, while the CMB lensing kernel is broad and peaks at z similar to 2. The resulting cross-correlation is maximally sensitive to mass fluctuations at z similar to 0.44. Assuming the Planck 2015 best-fitting cosmology, the amplitude of the DESxSPT cross-power is found to be A(SPT) = 0.88 +/- 0.30 and that from DESxPlanck to be A(Planck) = 0.86 +/- 0.39, where A = 1 corresponds to the theoretical prediction. These are consistent with the expected signal and correspond to significances of 2.9 sigma and 2.2 sigma, respectively. We demonstrate that our results are robust to a number of important systematic effects including the shear measurement method, estimator choice, photo-z uncertainty and CMB lensing systematics. We calculate a value of A = 1.08 +/- 0.36 for DESxSPT when we correct the observations with a simple intrinsic alignment model. With three measurements of this cross-correlation now existing in the literature, there is not yet reliable evidence for any deviation from the expected LCDM level of cross-correlation. We provide forecasts for the expected signal-to-noise ratio of the combination of the five-year DES survey and SPT-3G.
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Folle, Daiane. "O estudo geoestatístico de sondagens SPT para geração de mapas auxiliares em obras de engenharia." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/2980.
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A sondagem com SPT ("Standard Penetration Test") é o método de investigação com mais freqüência empregado na caracterização geotécnica de solos. Devido a relevância desse tipo de ensaio, desenvolveu-se um procedimento para geração de mapas de SPT com base em métodos geoestatísticos. Esses mapas devem conter a estimativa do índice de penetração (SPT) em diferentes posições no terreno em estudo, partindo de ensaios pré-existentes, objetivando auxiliar de maneira mais efetiva o planejamento de obras de engenharia. O trabalho foi baseado em um banco de dados com 141 sondagens realizadas na cidade de Passo Fundo/RS, compreendendo uma área total de 4,16km2. O banco de dados compreende sondagens de uma única empresa (o que minimiza os erros decorrentes da própria sondagem SPT) e uma única unidade geotécnica. Essas informações foram utilizadas para a avaliação do comportamento espacial dos parâmetros modelados e, posteriormente, construção de mapas de SPT. As estimativas foram efetuadas por krigagem ordinária em blocos com dimensões de 100mx100m, em quatro níveis distintos definidos de acordo com a variação média do índice de penetração com a profundidade. Os mapas resultantes da krigagem ordinária revelaram-se satisfatórios para o fim a que se destina esse trabalho. Para a avaliação desses mapas, é relevante que se quantifiquem as incertezas associadas a essas estimativas. A metodologia para tal é baseada em Simulação Geoestatística, onde foram efetuadas simulações seqüenciais Gaussianas (ssG), em blocos de mesma dimensão que a utilizada na krigagem. Os resultados positivos mostraram ser adequado o emprego da simulação seqüencial Gaussiana, para geração de mapas auxiliares de valores de SPT a serem empregados no planejamento de investigações geotécnicas complementares.