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Orrù, Roberto, Roberta Licheri, Clara Musa, and Giacomo Cao. "Coupling SHS and SPS Processes." Advances in Science and Technology 88 (October 2014): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.88.111.
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The consolidation of refractory ceramic powders at relatively milder conditions with respect to conventional methods represents an important target to achieve. Based on results recently reported in the literature, it is possible to state that the combination of the Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis (SHS) with the Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) technologies provides a useful contribution in this direction. Specifically, the two-steps processing route consisting in the synthesis of the ceramic powders by SHS and their subsequent densification by SPS is successfully utilized to obtain various dense MB2-based materials (M= Zr, Hf, Ta). In this regard, an important role is played by the SHS process, particularly for the synthesis of composite powders. Indeed, stronger interfaces are established among the different phases formed in-situ, so that diffusion phenomena are promoted during SPS. Additional benefits are produced by the use of the latter technology, due to the direct passage of the electric current through the powders undergoing sintering and the die containing them.
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Mei, Linlu, Vladimir Rozanov, Evelyn Jäkel, Xiao Cheng, Marco Vountas, and John P. Burrows. "The retrieval of snow properties from SLSTR Sentinel-3 – Part 2: Results and validation." Cryosphere 15, no. 6 (June 18, 2021): 2781–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-2781-2021.
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Abstract. To evaluate the performance of the eXtensible Bremen Aerosol/cloud and surfacE parameters Retrieval (XBAER) algorithm, presented in the Part 1 companion paper to this paper, we apply the XBAER algorithm to the Sea and Land Surface Temperature Radiometer (SLSTR) instrument on board Sentinel-3. Snow properties – snow grain size (SGS), snow particle shape (SPS) and specific surface area (SSA) – are derived under cloud-free conditions. XBAER-derived snow properties are compared to other existing satellite products and validated by ground-based and aircraft measurements. The atmospheric correction is performed on SLSTR for cloud-free scenarios using Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) aerosol optical thickness (AOT) and the aerosol typing strategy according to the standard XBAER algorithm. The optimal SGS and SPS are estimated iteratively utilizing a look-up-table (LUT) approach, minimizing the difference between SLSTR-observed and SCIATRAN-simulated surface directional reflectances at 0.55 and 1.6 µm. The SSA is derived for a retrieved SGS and SPS pair. XBAER-derived SGS, SPS and SSA have been validated using in situ measurements from the recent campaign SnowEx17 during February 2017. The comparison shows a relative difference between the XBAER-derived SGS and SnowEx17-measured SGS of less than 4 %. The difference between the XBAER-derived SSA and SnowEx17-measured SSA is 2.7 m2/kg. XBAER-derived SPS can be reasonably explained by the SnowEx17-observed snow particle shapes. Intensive validation shows that (1) for SGS and SSA, XBAER-derived results show high correlation with field-based measurements, with correlation coefficients higher than 0.85. The root mean square errors (RMSEs) of SGS and SSA are around 12 µm and 6 m2/kg. (2) For SPS, aggregate SPS retrieved by XBAER algorithm is likely to be matched with rounded grains while single SPS in XBAER is possibly linked to faceted crystals. The comparison with aircraft measurements, during the Polar Airborne Measurements and Arctic Regional Climate Model Simulation Project (PAMARCMiP) campaign held in March 2018, also shows good agreement (with R=0.82 and R=0.81 for SGS and SSA, respectively). XBAER-derived SGS and SSA reveal the variability in the aircraft track of the PAMARCMiP campaign. The comparison between XBAER-derived SGS results and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Snow-Covered Area and Grain size (MODSCAG) product over Greenland shows similar spatial distributions. The geographic distribution of XBAER-derived SPS over Greenland and the whole Arctic can be reasonably explained by campaign-based and laboratory investigations, indicating a reasonable retrieval accuracy of the retrieved SPS. The geographic variabilities in XBAER-derived SGS and SSA both over Greenland and Arctic-wide agree with the snow metamorphism process.
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Fletcher, Iain M., and Mathew M. Monte-Colombo. "An investigation into the possible physiological mechanisms associated with changes in performance related to acute responses to different preactivity stretch modalities." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 35, no. 1 (February 2010): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h09-125.
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The aim of this study was to explore the potential mechanisms underlying performance changes linked to different warm-up stretch modalities. Twenty-one male collegiate–semiprofessional soccer players (age, 20.8 ±2.3 years) performed under 3 different warm-up conditions: a no-stretch warm-up (WU), a warm-up including static passive stretches (SPS), and a warm-up incorporating static dynamic stretches (SDS). Countermovement jump, drop jump, peak torque, heart rate, core temperature, movement kinematics, and electromyography (EMG) were recorded for each intervention. Significant increases (p < 0.001) in performance were recorded for the countermovement, drop jump, and peak torque measures when the SDS was compared with the WU and SPS trials. When mechanism data were analysed, heart rate was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in the SDS condition compared with the SPS and WU conditions (a pattern also shown with core temperature), whereas the WU condition heart rate was also significantly higher than the SPS condition heart rate. When EMG data were examined for the rectus femoris muscle, significantly greater (p < 0.01) muscle activity was observed in the SDS condition compared with the SPS condition. It seems the most likely mechanisms to explain the increase in performance in the SDS condition compared with the SPS condition are increased heart rate, greater muscle activity, and increased peak torque.
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Picornell Buendía, Mª Raquel, Arturo Pardo Giménez, and José Arturo De Juan Valero†. "Agronomic quantitative assessment of substrates based on spents of Agaricus bisporus and Pleurotus ostreatus." Acta agriculturae Slovenica 107, no. 2 (October 26, 2016): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/aas.2016.107.2.09.
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<p class="TNR12">In this work the agronomic viability of substrates based on spents of <em>Agaricus bisporus</em> (J.E.Lange) Imbach) (SAS) and <em>Pleurotus ostreatus</em> (Jacq.) P. Kumm. (SPS) was studied. In addition to the commercial substrate used as reference, six different treatments were considered. In this experiment, SPS and SAS were mixed in different ratios (from 6,000 g and 0 g, respectively, up to 3,000 g and 3,000 g, respectively). SAS was subjected to a heat treatment in a growing room ("cook out") and then to a maturation treatment which consisted of a controlled recomposting process in growing rooms. SPS was subjected to a pasteurizing heat treatment (60 °C - 65 °C, 8 h) and progressive decrease for at least 15 h to a "spawning" temperature (25 °C).</p>SPS (5,400 g) + SAS (600 g) and SPS (4,800 g) + SAS (1,200 g) were prepared substrates with biological efficiencies (BE) of 35.98 % and 39.68 % respectively, lower than the control (46.18 %) and acceptable yields. The average unit mass of fruiting body harvested was low.<strong></strong>
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Eremeeva, J. V., O. V. Myakisheva, V. S. Panov, V. Y. Lopatin, E. V. Ageev, A. V. Lizunov, A. A. Nepapushev, D. A. Sidorenko, D. Yu Mishunin, and E. V. Apostolova. "SPECIFIC FEATURES OF SPS-SINTERING OF BORON CARBIDE POWDERS PRODUCED BY DIFFERENT METHODS." Proceedings of the Southwest State University 21, no. 3 (June 28, 2017): 41–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/2223-1560-2017-21-3-41-58.
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Mechanochemical and SHS methods are up-and-coming ways to produce finely dispersed boron carbide nano powder. With optimal process conditions the synthesized phases have ultra dispersed state with well-developed surfaces of the boundaries of grains and subgrains that have either a nano or microcrystalline structure, and that ensures its higher density after vibrocompaction treatment, which in its turn can result in a reduced burn-out rate and a slow-down absorption activity under the influence of neutron irradiation. The products of mechanochemical synthesis and SHS have specified composition and specific structural state and are related with fast solid-phase reactions. The presented research dealt with boron carbide powders that had been produced by mechanochemical or SHS methods, as well as by carbon char or amorphous boron reduction, or the reduction of boron carbide that had been produced by SPS sintering. The purpose of the research was to determine the most optimal SPS sintering modes and to investigate the structure and properties of the sintered boron carbide workpieces made from the powders produced by the above mentioned methods. Source materials for boron carbide synthesis by mechanochemical method or carbon reduction with subsequent crushing and grinding, as well as for SHS treatment were carbon char of PM-15 grade and amorphous boron of A grade taken in stoichiometric composition. SPS sintering of boron carbon powders produced as above mentioned took place at Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) - Labox 650 plant in graphite dies of 15 mm in diameter in vacuum under 25… 50 MPa pressure. The study of В4С powder workpieces that had been produced by mechanical synthesis, SHS or carbon reduction or SPS sintering of carbon char and amorphous boron mixture, yielded the most efficient modes of SPS sintering for each powder under research. The highest relative density was observed with SPS sintering of В4С powders produced by mechanosynthesis or SHS.
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Hang, Dong, Amit D. Joshi, Xiaosheng He, Andrew T. Chan, Manol Jovani, Manish K. Gala, Shuji Ogino, et al. "Colorectal cancer susceptibility variants and risk of conventional adenomas and serrated polyps: results from three cohort studies." International Journal of Epidemiology 49, no. 1 (April 30, 2019): 259–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyz096.
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Abstract Background Increasing evidence suggests that conventional adenomas (CAs) and serrated polyps (SPs) represent two distinct groups of precursor lesions for colorectal cancer (CRC). The influence of common genetic variants on risk of CAs and SPs remain largely unknown. Methods Among 27 426 participants within three prospective cohort studies, we created a weighted genetic risk score (GRS) based on 40 CRC-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified in previous genome-wide association studies; and we examined the association of GRS (per one standard deviation increment) with risk of CAs, SPs and synchronous CAs and SPs, by multivariable logistic regression. We also analysed individual variants in the secondary analysis. Results During 18–20 years of follow-up, we documented 2952 CAs, 1585 SPs and 794 synchronous CAs and SPs. Higher GRS was associated with increased risk of CAs [odds ratio (OR) = 1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.12-1.21] and SPs (OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.03-1.14), with a stronger association for CAs than SPs (Pheterogeneity=0.01). An even stronger association was found for patients with synchronous CAs and SPs (OR = 1.32), advanced CAs (OR = 1.22) and multiple CAs (OR = 1.25). Different sets of variants were associated with CAs and SPs, with a Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.02 between the ORs associating the 40 SNPs with the two lesions. After correcting for multiple testing, three variants were associated with CAs (rs3802842, rs6983267 and rs7136702) and two with SPs (rs16892766 and rs4779584). Conclusions Common genetic variants play a potential role in the conventional and serrated pathways of CRC. Different sets of variants are identified for the two pathways, further supporting the aetiological heterogeneity of CRC.
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Shafeeque Ahmed, K., Shanmugam Prabhakar Karthikeyan, and Sarat Kumar Sahoo. "Special Protection Schemes: A Survey and Vision for the Future." Applied Mechanics and Materials 839 (June 2016): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.839.49.
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Any power system network is subjected to disturbances at any time and place. It is considered as one of the most stochastic system ever seen by the human beings. To enhance the power system reliability, System Protection Scheme (SPS) is an effective tool for utilizing the power grid during rare contingencies. This method is often employed as secondary protection schemes. SPS is also termed as Special Protection Scheme. SPS is referred with different names by different users such as IEEE as System Integrity Protection Scheme (SIPS), Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) as Remedial Action Scheme (RAS) and WECC and others as SPS. In India, only in late 90s, the concept of SPS was introduced to solve the above problem. In Indian power grid different SPS has been designed and implemented successfully. This paper presents a complete knowledge, need , general structure, characteristics and a brief description of the major SPS employed in various Indian Power grids. Post - commissioning performance of these SPS has also been analyzed briefly. Finally, highlights of major issues involved with the employment of SPS in the Indian scenario.
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Cleymans, Jean, Helmut Oeschler, and Krzysztof Redlich. "Particle ratios at SPS, AGS and SIS." Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 25, no. 2 (January 1, 1999): 281–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/25/2/016.
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Ollitrault, Jean-Yves. "Flow systematics from SIS to SPS energies." Nuclear Physics A 638, no. 1-2 (August 1998): 195c—206c. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-9474(98)00413-8.
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Mei, Linlu, Vladimir Rozanov, Christine Pohl, Marco Vountas, and John P. Burrows. "The retrieval of snow properties from SLSTR Sentinel-3 – Part 1: Method description and sensitivity study." Cryosphere 15, no. 6 (June 18, 2021): 2757–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-2757-2021.
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Abstract. The eXtensible Bremen Aerosol/cloud and surfacE parameters Retrieval (XBAER) algorithm has been designed for the top-of-atmosphere reflectance measured by the Sea and Land Surface Temperature Radiometer (SLSTR) instrument on board Sentinel-3 to derive snow properties: snow grain size (SGS), snow particle shape (SPS) and specific surface area (SSA) under cloud-free conditions. This is the first part of the paper, to describe the retrieval method and the sensitivity study. Nine pre-defined SPSs (aggregate of 8 columns, droxtal, hollow bullet rosette, hollow column, plate, aggregate of 5 plates, aggregate of 10 plates, solid bullet rosette, column) are used to describe the snow optical properties. The optimal SGS and SPS are estimated iteratively utilizing a look-up-table (LUT) approach. The SSA is then calculated using another pre-calculated LUT for the retrieved SGS and SPS. The optical properties (e.g., phase function) of the ice crystals can reproduce the wavelength-dependent and angular-dependent snow reflectance features, compared to laboratory measurements. A comprehensive study to understand the impact of aerosols, SPS, ice crystal surface roughness, cloud contamination, instrument spectral response function, the snow habit mixture model and snow vertical inhomogeneity in the retrieval accuracy of snow properties has been performed based on SCIATRAN radiative transfer simulations. The main findings are (1) snow angular and spectral reflectance features can be described by the predefined ice crystal properties only when both SGS and SPS can be optimally and iteratively obtained; (2) the impact of ice crystal surface roughness on the retrieval results is minor; (3) SGS and SSA show an inverse linear relationship; (4) the retrieval of SSA assuming a non-convex particle shape, compared to a convex particle shape (e.g., sphere), shows larger retrieval results; (5) aerosol/cloud contamination due to unperfected atmospheric correction and cloud screening introduces underestimation of SGS, “inaccurate” SPS and overestimation of SSA; (6) the impact of the instrument spectral response function introduces an overestimation into retrieved SGS, introduces an underestimation into retrieved SSA and has no impact on retrieved SPS; and (7) the investigation, by taking an ice crystal particle size distribution and habit mixture into account, reveals that XBAER-retrieved SGS agrees better with the mean size, rather than with the mode size, for a given particle size distribution.
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Santoso, Eka Andini, and Suyono Suyono. "Development of Structured Assignment Sheet in Reaction Rates Material To Train Science Process Skills." Chemistry Education Practice 4, no. 2 (August 14, 2021): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/cep.v4i2.2312.
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This study has an objective to specify the feasibility of a Structured Assignment Sheet to train studentsââ¬â¢ Science Process Skills (SAS-SPS) on reaction rates material. The development research applies Research and Development (R&D) method. This research is limited to the development phase, namely in limited trials. The limited trial was conducted on 15 students of XI grade from SMAN 1 Arosbaya, SMAN 1 Kamal, and SMAN 2 Bangkalan who had received reaction rates material. This research was held in December 2020. The research instruments used contain a study sheet, a validation sheet, a student response questionnaire, and science process skills test sheet. The feasibility of the SAS-SPS is viewed from three aspects, namely validity, practicality, and effectiveness. The validatorââ¬â¢s assessment based on the content and construct validity represent the percentage of 93,3% and 91,4% with very valid criteria. Student response shows that the SAS-SPS is very practical with a percentage of 100%. The effectiveness of obtaining an N-gain score of 0,76 with a high category. This shows that the SAS-SPS developed is feasible and suitable for use in the learning process.
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Tao, Jianyun, Xuelian Bai, Mingyuan Zeng, Mengshi Li, Zhe Hu, Yunfen Hua, and Huawei Zhang. "Whole-Genome Sequence Analysis of an Endophytic Fungus Alternaria sp. SPS-2 and Its Biosynthetic Potential of Bioactive Secondary Metabolites." Microorganisms 10, no. 9 (September 5, 2022): 1789. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10091789.
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As one of the commonly isolated endophytic fungi, Alternaria has been known for the production of numerous secondary metabolites (SMs). However, its detailed genomic features and SM biosynthetic potential have not been extensively studied thus far. The present work focuses on the whole-genome sequencing and assembly of an endophytic strain Alternaria sp. SPS-2 derived from Echrysantha chrysantha Lindl. and gene annotation using various bioinformatic tools. The results of this study suggested that the genome of strain SPS-2 was 33.4 Mb in size with a GC content of 51% and an N50 scaffold of 2.6 Mb, and 9789 protein-coding genes, including 644 CAZyme-encoding genes, were discovered in strain SPS-2 through KEGG enrichment analysis. The antiSMASH results indicated that strain SPS-2 harbored 22 SM biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), 14 of which are cryptic and unknown. LS–MS/MS and GNPS-based analyses suggested that this endophytic fungus is a potential producer of bioactive SMs and merits further exploration and development.
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Bickers, David R., and Hans F. Merck. "SPS Editorial." Skin Pharmacology and Physiology 9, no. 1 (1996): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000211383.
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Ruppe, Harry O. "SPS revisited." Acta Astronautica 25, no. 10 (October 1991): 667. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0094-5765(91)90013-u.
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Monika, Brunclikova, Ivankova Jela, Skerenova Maria, Simurda Tomas, Stanciakova Lucia, Skornova Ingrid, Sterankova Miroslava, et al. "Association of Genetic Variability in Selected Genes with Platelet Hyperaggregability and Arterial Thrombosis." Acta Medica Martiniana 22, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acm-2022-0005.
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Abstract Introduction: Inherited platelet hyperaggregability, so called “Sticky platelet syndrome” (SPS), is a prothrombotic platelet disorder. The syndrome contributes more often to arterial than venous thrombosis. The most common localization of arterial occlusion involves cerebral or coronary arteries. However, SPS may also lead to thrombosis in the atypical sites of the circulation. This qualitative platelet alteration causes platelet hyperaggregability after a very low concentration of platelet inducers – adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and/or epinephrine (EPI). The precise genetic background of the syndrome has not been defined. In the present study we aimed to determine the association between selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within genes for platelet endothelial aggregation receptor 1 (PEAR1) and murine retrovirus integration site 1 (MRVI1) and the risk for arterial thrombosis in patients with SPS. The products of these selected genes play an important role in platelet aggregation. Patients and methods: We examined 69 patients with SPS and a history of arterial thrombosis and 69 healthy blood donors who served as controls. SPS was confirmed by a light transmission aggregometry (LTA) according to the method and criteria described by Mammen and Bick. We assessed two SNPs within PEAR1 gene (rs12041331, rs1256888) and two SNPs within MRVI1 gene (rs1874445, rs7940646). Results: Selected PEAR1 and MRVI1 polymorphisms seem not to be a risk factor for the development of SPS as the syndrome with an arterial thrombosis phenotype. However, in the subgroup of SPS1 patients there was found a decreased frequency of the minor A allele of SNP rs12041331 in PEAR1 gene (borderline p value, p=0.061) that can be hypothesized as protective against arterial thrombosis. In the same SPS1 subgroup the haplotype TA in PEAR1 gene also showed a decreased frequency with a borderline insignificance (p=0.056). We can theorize also about its protective role in SPS1 patients. We did not confirm the protective effect of polymorphism (T/T of rs 12566888) in PEAR1 against arterial thrombosis in SPS patients and SPS subgroups. Conclusion: Our results support the idea that examined genetic variability of the selected SNPs in PEAR1 and MRVI1 genes is not associated with platelet hyperaggregability manifested as arterial thrombosis. The possible protective role of the minor A allele of SNP rs12041331 as well as a role of haplotype TA in PEAR1 gene related to the arterial thrombosis found in the subgroup of SPS1 patients needs to be verified in further research.
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TSUCHIDA, T. "MA-SHS and SPS of ZrB2?ZrC composites." Solid State Ionics 172, no. 1-4 (August 2004): 215–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2004.05.020.
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Dine, Sarah, Elodie Bernard, Nathalie Herlin Boime, Christian Grisolia, David Tingaud, and Dominique Vrel. "SHS Synthesis and SPS Densification of Nanometric Tungsten." Advanced Engineering Materials 20, no. 8 (February 21, 2018): 1701138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adem.201701138.
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Hunaepi, Hunaepi, Muhammad Ikhsan, Hadi Suwono, and Sulisetijono Sulisetijono. "Contribution of Epistemic Curiosity and its Relevance to Science Process Skills on Biology Prospective Teacher." Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA 7, SpecialIssue (November 27, 2021): 112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v7ispecialissue.1070.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the contribution of epistemic curiosity (EC) to the science process skills (SPS) of prospective biology teachers. Ex post facto research design with research subjects 32 students of the third-semester biology education study program at the Mandalika University of Education. Samples were taken using the purposive sampling method. The instruments used were the State Curiosity Scale (SCS) to collect epistemic curiosity data, Student Worksheets, and the Science Process Skills rubric to collect SPS. The results showed that the magnitude of the correlation value or R relationship was 0.600. From the output, the coefficient of determination (R Square) was 0.359, this shows that EC is correlated with SPS. Meanwhile, in terms of the results of simple regression analysis, it was found that the variable X (EC) obtained the value of t-count = 4.103 > 1.697 t-table and sig. = 0.000 < 5%. This means that the EC variable contributes significantly to the SPS variable. The results obtained have not been able to describe the contribution of EC to each SPS indicator, so further research needs to analyze the contribution of EC to each SPS indicator
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Zheng, Yujie, Meiyan Li, and Jiakun Liu. "A Two-Sided Stable Matching Model of Cloud Manufacturing Tasks and Services considering the Nonlinear Relationship between Satisfaction and Expectations." Complexity 2021 (October 7, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6735210.
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To improve the satisfaction of both service demanders (SDs) and service providers (SPs) in the matching of cloud manufacturing (CMfg) tasks and services, a two-sided stable matching model of CMfg tasks and service considering the nonlinear relationship between satisfaction and expectations is proposed. As the expectations of SDs and SPs are difficult to be quantified directly, an evaluation method based on interval-valued hesitant fuzzy linguistic sets (IVHFLSs) is first presented. Next, a nonlinear model of satisfaction and expectations is built to quantify the satisfaction, which achieves accurate quantification of satisfaction. Then, a two-sided stable matching model of CMfg tasks and service is built, which takes the satisfaction of SDs and SPs as the optimization goals and considers the individual rationalities and blocking pairs. Finally, an adaptive genetic algorithm (AGA) is designed to solve the proposed two-sided matching model. A practical application and comparison analysis is used to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the research.
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Iott, Matthew J. "Primary and secondary endpoint analysis of N08C9 (Alliance): A phase III randomized study of sulfasalazine versus placebo in the prevention of acute radiation enteritis." Journal of Clinical Oncology 33, no. 3_suppl (January 20, 2015): 562. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2015.33.3_suppl.562.
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562 Background: An interim futility analysis at ASTRO 2013 led to early closure of N08C9 (Alliance), a randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing sulfasalazine (SSZ) versus placebo (PBO) in the prevention of radiation enteritis during pelvic RT. This is the full analysis of the primary endpoint (PE) and secondary endpoints (SEs) of the trial. Methods: A multi-institutional RCT conducted by the Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology assessed the effect of 1000 mg SSZ b.i.d. versus PBO b.i.d. in the treatment of pelvic RT related enteritis. Study participants (SPs) received the study agents during RT and for 4 weeks afterwards. The PEwas the maximal severity of diarrhea toxicity (CTCAE version 4.0) during and up to 6 weeks after RT. SEs, including the maximum severity of diarrhea (MSD) and the duration of MSD, rectal bleeding, abdominal cramping, tenesmus, and constipation, were graded weekly during RT by a health care provider. Bowel function was assessed using a self-administered bowel function questionnaire weekly during RT, afterwards at 6 weeks, and at 12 and 24 months. A two-sided 0.05-level Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to test the equality of the distributions of MSD grades. The planned study size was 128 SPs. Results: 87 SPs were enrolled in the study between 4/29/2011 and 5/13/2013, with evenly distributed baseline factors. Toxicity data were available in 84 SPs during RT and in 54 SPs in the 6 weeks following RT. There was no significant difference in the distribution of MSD grades between the SSZ and PBO arms (p=0.41 regardless of attribution; p=0.09 at least possibly attributed to the study agent). No significant differences were observed in SEs during RT and after RT, except the abdominal pain occurring after completion of RT was higher in SPs receiving SSZ (p=0.02). More SPs required antidiarrheal agents on the SSZ arm (49% vs. 29%, p=0.06). Conclusions: Despite prior single institution RCT’s suggesting a benefit for SSZ (Kilic 2001; Pal 2013) in this clinical context, the results of this large, multi-institutional trial demonstrate that SSZ does not reduce the risk of enteritis and may worsen acute GI toxicity during pelvic RT. Clinical trial information: NCT01198145.
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Sokol, Juraj, Maria Skerenova, Jela Ivankova, Tomas Simurda, and Jan Stasko. "Association of Genetic Variability in Selected Genes in Patients With Deep Vein Thrombosis and Platelet Hyperaggregability." Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis 24, no. 7 (June 4, 2018): 1027–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1076029618779136.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic variability of the selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and examine the association between these SNPs and risk for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients with sticky platelet syndrome (SPS). We examined 84 patients with SPS and history of DVT and 101 healthy individuals. We were interested in 2 SNPs within platelet endothelial aggregation receptor 1 (PEAR1) gene (rs12041331 and rs12566888), 2 SNPs within mkurine retrovirus integration site 1 gene (rs7940646 and rs1874445), 1 SNP within Janus kinase 2 gene (rs2230722), 1 SNP within FCER1G gene (rs3557), 1 SNP within pro-platelet basic protein (rs442155), 4 SNPs within alpha2A adrenergic receptor 2A (ADRA2A; rs1800545, rs4311994, rs11195419, and rs553668), and 1 SNP within sonic hedgehog gene (rs2363910). We identified 2 protective SNPs within PEAR1 gene and 1 risk SNP within ADRA2A gene (PEAR1: rs12041331 and rs12566888; ADRA2A: rs1800545). A haplotype analysis of 4 SNPs within ADRA2A gene identified a risk haplotype aagc ( P = .003). Moreover, we identified 1 protective haplotype within PEAR1 gene (AT, P = .004). Our results support the idea that genetic variability of PEAR1 and ADRA2A genes is associated with platelet hyperaggregability manifested as venous thromboembolism. The study also suggests a possible polygenic type of SPS heredity.
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Weinberger, R., O. Weisman, Y. Guri, T. Harel, A. Weizman, and D. Gothelf. "The interaction between neurocognitive functioning, subthreshold psychotic symptoms and pharmacotherapy in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: A longitudinal comparative study." European Psychiatry 48, no. 1 (2018): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.10.010.
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AbstractBackgroundThe 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is the most common genetic syndrome associated with schizophrenia. The goal of this study was to evaluate longitudinally the interaction between neurocognitive functioning, the presence of subthreshold psychotic symptoms (SPS) and conversion to psychosis in individuals with 22q11DS. In addition, we attempted to identify the specific neurocognitive domains that predict the longitudinal evolution of positive and negative SPS, as well as the effect of psychiatric medications on 22q11DS psychiatric and cognitive developmental trajectories.MethodsForty-four participants with 22q11DS, 19 with Williams syndrome (WS) and 30 typically developing (TD) controls, age range 12–35 years, were assessed at two time points (15.2 ± 2.1 months apart). Evaluation included the Structured Interview for Prodromal Symptoms (SIPS), structured psychiatric evaluation and the Penn Computerized Neurocognitive Battery (CNB).Results22q11DS individuals with SPS had a yearly conversion rate to psychotic disorders of 8.8%, compared to none in both WS and TD controls. Baseline levels of negative SPS were associated with global neurocognitive performance (GNP), executive function and social cognition deficits, in individuals with 22q11DS, but not in WS. Deficits in GNP predicted negative SPS in 22q11DS and the emergence or persistence of negative SPS. 22q11DS individuals treated with psychiatric medications showed significant improvement in GNP score between baseline and follow-up assessments, an improvement that was not seen in untreated 22q11DS.ConclusionsOur results highlight the time-dependent interplay among positive and negative SPS symptoms, neurocognition and pharmacotherapy in the prediction of the evolution of psychosis in 22q11DS.
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Minas, Maria. "Can we count on each other? An inquiry about Portuguese citizens’ individual and relational dispositions." Análise Psicológica 38, no. 1 (June 15, 2020): 15–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.14417/ap.1675.
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Todos os seres humanos têm a capacidade de contribuir para o bem-estar coletivo. Este artigo apresenta um estudo quantitativo que envolveu a análise das respostas de 1187 cidadãos portugueses a um questionário online, com o objetivo de analisar a sua satisfação com a vida (SLS), sentido de comunidade (BSCS), apoio social percebido (SPS), comparação social (SCS), competição (SAIS), vergonha externa (OASS) e desejo de contribuir (WCS), tendo em conta a influência de fatores sociodemográficos como o sexo e a situação económica. Através da criação de grupos, cruzando os valores respeitantes à Competição e aos Recursos, os valores mais altos nas variáveis globais de SLP, SPS, BSCS e os valores mais baixos nas variáveis globais de OASS concentraram-se predominantemente no grupo alta competição, baixos recursos. Relativamente à escala WCS, os valores mais baixos concentraram-se nos grupos de alta competição e os valores mais altos nos grupos de baixa competição. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os grupos na variável global SCS. Estes resultados sugerem que o foco em valores coletivos de confiança mútua estão associados a uma maior satisfação, apoio social e desejo de contribuir, envolvendo uma menor necessidade para competir e assumir posturas de defensividade.
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Alam, Sana, Shehnila Zardari, and Jawwad Ahmed Shamsi. "Blockchain-Based Trust and Reputation Management in SIoT." Electronics 11, no. 23 (November 23, 2022): 3871. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11233871.
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In the Social Internet of Things (SIoT), trust refers to the decision-making process used by the trustor (Service Requesters (SRs) or Service Consumers (SCs)) to decide whether or not to entrust the trustee (Service Providers (SPs)) with specific services. Trust is the key factor in SIoT domain. The designing of a two-way, two-stage parameterized feedback-based, service-driven, attacks-resistant trust and reputation system for SIoT accompanied by a penalty mechanism for dishonest SPs and SRs is our main contribution that mitigates the trust-related issues occurring during service provisioning and service acquisition amongst various entities (SPs or SRs) and enhances trust amongst them. Our proposed methodology examines a SP’s local trust, global trust, and reputation by taking into account “Social Trust” and “Quality of Service (QoS)” factors”. Two—Stage Parameterized feedback” is incorporated in our proposed strategy to better manage “intention” and “ability” of SRs and provides early identification of suspicious SRs. This feature compels SRs to act honestly and rate the corresponding SPs in a more accurate way. Our recommended paradigm sorts SPs into three SP status lists (White List, Grey List, and Black List) based on reputation values where each list has a threshold with respect to the maximum service fee that can be charged. SPs in White List charge the most per service. SPs in other lists have a lower selection probability. Every feedback updates the SP’s trust and reputation value. Sorting SPs increases resistance against On Off Attack, Discriminatory Attack, Opportunistic Service Attack, and Selective Behavior Attacks. SPs must operate honestly and offer the complete scope of stated services since their reputation value relies on all their global trust values (Tglobal) for various services. Service requests may be accepted or denied by SPs. “Temporarily banned” SRs can only request unblocked services. SRs lose all privileges once on a “permanently banned” list. If local and global trust values differ by more than the threshold, the SR is banned. Our method also provides resistance against Bad Mouthing Attack, Ballot Stuffing Attack. Good Mouthing Attack/Self—Propagating Attack. Experiments indicate our trust and reputation management system recognizes and bans fraudulent SRs. “Dishonest SPs” are “blacklisted,” which affects their reputation, trust, and service charges.
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Eremeeva, Zhanna V., Saeed Kamali, Artem I. Lizunov, and Vasiliy A. Ovchinnikov. "Production of Nanostructured Boron Carbide Ceramics for Industrial Applications." Key Engineering Materials 910 (February 15, 2022): 1075–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-dd4bb5.
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The optimal modes (temperature, time, pressure force) of spark plasma sintering (SPS) and hot pressing of boron carbide obtained by various methods are determined. The initial powders were obtained from soot and amorphous boron by the mechanochemical synthesis method, by the high-temperature synthesis (SHS) method and by the carbon reduction method. The structure and the properties of SPS sintered and hot-pressed boron carbide blanks were determined. The highest value of the relative density was achieved during SPS sintering of blanks from B4C powders obtained by mechanosynthesis and SHS methods. It was found out the optimal conditions for sintering blanks from B4C powder obtained by mechanosynthesis. The density value reaches 99.0 rel.% at 1500 °C/25 MPa and sintering time of 45 min. For powders obtained by the SHS method, the density of sintered blanks is 98.5 rel.%. at 1800 °C/30 MPa with sintering time of 45 min. The highest value of the relative density was achieved during the hot pressing of blanks from B4C powders obtained by mechanosynthesis.
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Rogachev, A. S., S. G. Vadchenko, G. V. Trusov, and Yu B. Scheck. "Combined Use of SHS and SPS: Important Mechanistic Details." International Journal of Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis 30, no. 1 (January 2021): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1061386221010106.
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Herrmann, N. "Hadronic probes in nuclear collisions from SIS to SPS." Nuclear Physics A 685, no. 1-4 (March 2001): 354–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-9474(01)00553-x.
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Sokol, Juraj, Maria Skerenova, Kamil Biringer, Tomas Simurda, Peter Kubisz, and Jan Stasko. "Glycoprotein VI Gene Variants Affect Pregnancy Loss in Patients With Platelet Hyperaggregability." Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis 24, no. 9_suppl (October 2, 2018): 202S—208S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1076029618802358.
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The aim of our study was to evaluate GP6 gene in patients with sticky platelet syndrome (SPS) and fetal loss. Platelet aggregability was tested with platelet-rich plasma using PACKS-4 aggregometer (Helena Laboratories). High-resolution melting analysis on LightCycler 480 II (Roche Diagnostics) was used for single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping. We examined 64 patients with SPS and 54 control participants. We found significantly higher occurrence of 5 SNPs in patients with SPS versus controls (rs1671152, rs1654433, rs1613662, rs1654416, and rs2304167). Moreover, the haplotype analysis showed a significantly higher occurrence of 7 haplotypes in patients with SPS compared to controls (acgg and aagg in GP6_5reg haplotype; ccgt in GP6_3reg haplotype; gg and ta in GP6_REG haplotype; SKTH and PEAN in GP6_PEAN haplotype). Our results, especially higher occurrence of 4 nonsynonymous variants within the coding region, support the idea that GP6 polymorphisms are associated with the platelet hyperaggregability accompanied by fetal loss.
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Pschichholz, Peter. "Alternative zur SPS." Konstruktion 72, no. 04 (2020): 18–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/0720-5953-2020-04-18.
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Speicherprogrammierbare Steuerungen sind gewissermaßen die Gehirne der modernen Fabrik. Doch nicht alle Aufgaben erfordern eine vollwertige SPS. Mit seinem Multifunktionscontroller hat Hesch daher einen flexiblen Regler entwickelt, der eine kostengünstige Alternative zur vollwertigen SPS darstellt, aber deutlich mehr bietet als ein Standardregler.
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Onori, Mauro, Lihui Wang, Xi Vincent Wang, and Wei Ji. "Editorial: SPS 2018." Procedia Manufacturing 25 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2018.06.049.
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Pillonetto, Gianluigi, Algo Carè, and Marco C. Campi. "Kernel-based SPS." IFAC-PapersOnLine 51, no. 15 (2018): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2018.09.086.
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Ocampo, Alaine, and Kelly Kennedy. "The Relationship of Collaboration and Job Satisfaction Between Speech-Language Pathologists and School Psychologists." Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups 4, no. 1 (February 26, 2019): 188–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/pers-sig16-2018-0003.
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Purpose The professions of speech-language pathology and school psychology appear to be moving in similar directions in the 21st century. Legal mandates suggest the importance of speech-language pathologists (SLPs) and school psychologists (SPs) adopting more of a collaborative role in the school setting as opposed to past roles resembling separate deliveries of service. Moreover, both professions are encouraged to address service provision in a more comprehensive manner to reach all students, regardless of special education eligibility. However, the changing roles of SLPs and SPs may result in higher workload demands and eventually lead to a decrease in job satisfaction. A collaborative model may alleviate their growing workloads and thus increase their job satisfaction. This study examined collaboration among SLPs with SPs and the relationship of collaboration to job satisfaction. Factors that increased the likelihood of the SLPs engaging in collaborative practices were also investigated. Data were collected from 363 SLPs through a web-based survey. Conclusions The results revealed a significant correlation between job satisfaction and collaboration. A multiple regression analysis identified attitude toward collaboration and perception of the other professional's competency level to be significant predictors of collaboration for the SLPs. The results add to the emerging body of research describing the influence of collaboration on job satisfaction and strengthen the notion that collaboration increases job satisfaction.
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Lay-Khim, Goh, and Yee Bit-Lian. "Simulated Patients’ Experience towards Simulated Patient-Based Simulation Session: A Qualitative Study." SciMedicine Journal 1, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/scimedj-2019-0102-3.
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Background: Simulated Patient (SP) is defined as a layperson that simulates to portray the role of a patient with health-related conditions. International Medical University (IMU) has been utilizing SP for more than 10 years, however, the SP's experience toward the SP-based simulation session yet to be explored, the aim of the study was to explore the SP's experience toward the SP-based simulation session. Methods: Total of 6 participants recruited for a focused group interview, with the inclusive criteria of participated at least an SP-based simulation session. The interviewer used a list of guide question to explore both the positive and negative experience of the SP-based simulation session. A combination of manual and computer software Program was used for data management and analysis. Manual transcribing and coding technique was used for data analysis, while Qualitative Data Analysis (QDA) was used for data management and additional analysis. Results: Three main themes and eleven sub-themes have emerged. The first theme was Effective learning session, with the sub-themes of Student learning attitude, Treated as real patient, Standardization among lecturer, Appropriate respond to student and Focused learning outcome; second theme was Motivation, with the sub-themes of Respect, Feedback, and Caring; the third theme was Preparation prior to class, with the sub-themes of Clear instruction, Role-play, and Script. Conclusions: SPs perceived that lecturers should pay attention to the students’ learning outcome and fully utilize SPs for teaching. Besides that, SPs wished to be treated as a real patient due to the lecturer who treated the SPs as they are real patient gave students a mind-set that the learners were actually dealing with a patient with real conditions. SPs supposed that another role of the lecturer was well-prepared the SPs prior to the actual sessions. SPs expressed that students who took the session seriously, well-preparation before the classes, active participation during the sessions and proactive attitude encouraged realistic portrayal of the character. While SP role was memorizing a series of information needed for the scenario, prepare mentally for portrayal certain emotional as well as physical symptoms. Lecturer, SP as well as student influence a successful SP-based simulation session.
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Fibriani, Suwinda, Inyana Dwi Agustien, Widhi Dyah Sawitri, and Bambang Sugiharto. "TRANSFORMASI GENETIK DAN EKSPRESI MUTAN SUCROSE PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE PADA TANAMAN TOMAT." Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI) 6, no. 1 (July 10, 2019): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/jbbi.v6i1.3341.
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Genetic Transformation and Expression of Sucrose Phosphate Synthase Mutant in Tomato Plant ABSTRACTSucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) is a key enzyme responsible for sucrose biosynthesis. In its regulation, SPS activity is modulated by an allosteric effector glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) suggested to have an ability to bind SPS N-terminus domain. To understand the role of N-terminus in regulating SPS, the SPS gene was mutated with the deletion of N-terminus domain (∆N-SPS). The ∆N-SPS gen was transformed into tomato plants with 5% transformation efficiency. Three transgenic tomato plant 4.20, 5.5.1, and 5.10 were obtained and confirmed by PCR analysis. Transgenic tomato expression was characterized by enzymatic analysis. Result showed that the G6P allosteric regulation in transgenic ∆N-SPS had lost and the SPS activity increased by 2-fold compared to non-transgenic plant. This showed that N-terminus domain-deleted SPS could be actively expressed in plant. Keywords: enzyme, genetic transformation, N-terminus domain deletion, sucrose phosphate synthase, tomato ABSTRAKSucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) merupakan enzim kunci yang bertanggung jawab dalam sintesis sukrosa. Dalam regulasinya, aktifitas SPS dipengaruhi oleh alosterik efektor glukosa-6-fosfat (G6P) yang diduga dapat berikatan pada domain N-terminus SPS. Untuk mengetahui peran N-terminus pada regulasi SPS, dilakukan mutasi SPS dengan penghilangan domain N-terminus (∆N-SPS). Gen ∆N-SPS diinsersi pada tanaman tomat melalui transformasi genetik dengan efisiensi transformasi 5%. Tiga tanaman transgenik tomat (event4.20; 5.5.1; dan 5.10) didapatkan dan positif terkonfirmasi melalui analisis PCR. Ekspresi mutan dikarakterisasi melalui analisis enzimatik. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa tanaman tomat transgenik ∆N-SPS tidak dipengaruhi regulasi alosterik G6P dan aktifitas SPS 2 kali lipat lebih tinggi daripada tanaman bukan transgenik. Ini menunjukkan bahwa SPS dengan delesi domain N-terminus dapat terekspresi aktif pada tanaman. Kata Kunci: delesi domain N-terminus, enzim, sucrose phosphate synthase, tomat, transformasi genetik
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Orpana, Heather M., Justin J. Lang, and Kim Yurkowski. "Validation of a brief version of the Social Provisions Scale using Canadian national survey data." Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada 39, no. 12 (December 2019): 323–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.39.12.02.
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Introduction The 10-item Social Provisions Scale (SPS-10) has been implemented to measure social support in a number of national surveys in Canada. The objective of this study was to reduce the SPS-10 to a brief, five-item scale (SPS-5), while maintaining adequate measurement properties. Methods Data from individuals aged 18 years and older who responded to the Social Provisions Scale module in the Canadian Community Health Survey 2012 Mental Health Focus cycle (CCHS 2012 MH) and the Canadian Community Health Survey 2017 Annual cycle (CCHS 2017) were analyzed. We used exploratory factor analysis and item-to-total correlations from the CCHS 2012 MH data to choose items. A correlation analysis between the SPS-5, SPS-10 and related positive mental health (PMH) constructs were used to assess the criterion-related validity of the SPS-5 compared to the SPS-10. A confirmatory factor analysis using data from the CCHS 2017 was conducted to confirm the factor structure of the SPS-5. Results The SPS-5 showed high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha of 0.88) and similar correlations as the SPS-10 with related PMH constructs. The SPS-5 and SPS-10 were also very highly correlated (r = 0.97). The confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated that a single factor model of the SPS-5 fit the data well. The SPS-5 and SPS-10 yield similar estimates of high social support, of 92.7 and 91.5%, respectively. Conclusion The new SPS-5 demonstrated adequate measurement properties, and functioned in a similar manner to the SPS-10, supporting a reduced version of the Scale. The SPS-5 is a feasible and valid alternative to the SPS-10 that could be used to reduce respondent burden on national health surveys.
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Larsson, Anders O., Michael Hultström, Robert Frithiof, Miklos Lipcsey, and Mats B. Eriksson. "Shrunken Pore Syndrome Is Frequently Occurring in Severe COVID-19." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 24 (December 10, 2022): 15687. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232415687.
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A selective decrease in the renal filtration of larger molecules is attributed to the shrinkage of glomerular pores, a condition termed Shrunken Pore Syndrome (SPS). SPS is associated with poor long-term prognosis. We studied SPS as a risk marker in a cohort of patients with COVID-19 treated in an intensive care unit. SPS was defined as a ratio < 0.7 when the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), determined by cystatin C, calculated by the Cystatin C Caucasian-Asian-Pediatric-Adult equation (CAPA), was divided by the eGFR determined by creatinine, calculated by the revised Lund–Malmö creatinine equation (LMR). Clinical data were prospectively collected. In total, SPS was present in 86 (24%) of 352 patients with COVID-19 on ICU admission. Patients with SPS had a higher BMI, Simplified Physiology Score (SAPS3), and had diabetes and/or hypertension more frequently than patients without SPS. Ninety-nine patients in the total cohort were women, 50 of whom had SPS. In dexamethasone-naïve patients, C-reactive protein (CRP ), TNF-alpha, and interleukin-6 did not differ between SPS and non-SPS patients. Demographic factors (gender, BMI) and illness severity (SAPS3) were independent predictors of SPS. Age and dexamethasone treatment did not affect the frequency of SPS after adjustments for age, sex, BMI, and acute severity. SPS is frequent in severely ill COVID-19 patients. Female gender was associated with a higher proportion of SPS. Demographic factors and illness severity were independent predictors of SPS.
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Wagner, Markus. "The Future of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Governance: SPS-Plus or SPS-Minus?" Journal of World Trade 51, Issue 3 (June 1, 2017): 445–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2017018.
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Food safety plays an increasingly important role in today’s interdependent trading relations. The existing multilateral rules embodied in the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) Measures are increasingly being supplemented by a series of bilateral and multilateral agreements. Unlike debates surrounding intellectual property rights, the negotiations concerning SPS rules in preferential trade agreements are rarely analysed in a systematic and detailed manner. The article uses the SPS Chapter negotiated for purposes of the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPPA) as a model for the future of SPS governance and compares it to the existing disciplines under the SPS Agreement. While the future of the TPPA in its current iteration may be in doubt, the US has clearly posited its SPS Chapter as a blueprint for future SPS governance. While the SPS Chapter contains some procedural advances in SPS governance, its substantive rules – or lack thereof – are not only at odds with the existing SPS regime; they exhibit a flawed understanding of scientific enquiry and how to deal with the uncertainty inherent therein.
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Mancini, Giulia Federica, Enrico Marchetta, Irene Pignani, Viviana Trezza, and Patrizia Campolongo. "Social Defeat Stress during Early Adolescence Confers Resilience against a Single Episode of Prolonged Stress in Adult Rats." Cells 10, no. 2 (February 9, 2021): 360. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10020360.
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Early-life adverse experiences (first hit) lead to coping strategies that may confer resilience or vulnerability to later experienced stressful events (second hit) and the subsequent development of stress-related psychopathologies. Here, we investigated whether exposure to two stressors at different stages in life has long-term effects on emotional and cognitive capabilities, and whether the interaction between the two stressors influences stress resilience. Male rats were subjected to social defeat stress (SDS, first hit) in adolescence and to a single episode of prolonged stress (SPS, second hit) in adulthood. Behavioral outcomes, hippocampal expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and plasma corticosterone levels were tested in adulthood. Rats exposed to both stressors exhibited resilience against the development of stress-induced alterations in emotional behaviors and spatial memory, but vulnerability to cued fear memory dysfunction. Rats subjected to both stressors demonstrated resilience against the SDS-induced alterations in hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression and plasma corticosterone levels. SPS alone altered locomotion and spatial memory retention; these effects were absent in SDS-exposed rats later exposed to SPS. Our findings reveal that exposure to social stress during early adolescence influences the ability to cope with a second challenge experienced later in life.
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Dine, Sarah, Elodie Bernard, Nathalie Herlin, Christian Grisolia, David Tingaud, and Dominique Vrel. "SHS Synthesis, SPS Densification and Mechanical Properties of Nanometric Tungsten." Metals 11, no. 2 (February 2, 2021): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11020252.
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Recent studies have shown that low grain sizes are favorable to improve ductility and machinability in tungsten, as well as a resistance to ablation and spallation, which are key properties for the use of this material in a thermonuclear fusion environment (Tokamaks such as ITER). However, as one of the possible incidents during Tokamak operation is the leakage of air or water from the cooling system inside the chamber, resulting in the so-called loss of vacuum accident (LOVA), extensive oxidation may arise on tungsten components, and the use of an alloy with improved oxidation resistance is therefore highly desirable. As current production routes are not suitable for the fabrication of bulk nanostructured tungsten or tungsten alloys samples, we have proposed a new methodology based on powder metallurgy, including the powder synthesis, the densification procedure, and preliminary mechanical testing, which was successfully applied to pure tungsten. A similar study is hereby presented on tungsten-chromium alloys with up to 6 wt.% Cr. Results show that full tungsten densification may be obtained by SPS at a temperature lower than 1600 °C. The resulting morphology strongly depends on the amount of the alloying element, presenting a possible second phase of chromium oxide, but always keeps a partial nanostructure inherited from the synthesized powders. Such microstructure had previously been identified as being favorable to the use of these materials in fusion environments and for improved mechanical properties, including hardness, yield strength and ductility, all of which is confirmed by the present study.
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Musa, C., R. Licheri, R. Orrù, and G. Cao. "Fabrication of Fully Dense UHTC by Combining SHS and SPS." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 15, no. 2 (February 20, 2013): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj149.
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<p>The combination of the Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis (SHS) technique and the Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) technology is adopted in this work for the fabrication of fully dense MB<sub>2</sub>-SiC and MB<sub>2</sub>-MC-SiC (M = Zr, Hf, Ta) Ultra High Temperature Ceramics (UHTCs). Specifically, Zr, Hf or Ta, B<sub>4</sub>C,<br /> Si, and graphite reactants are first converted to the desired composites by SHS. For the case of the lowexothermic Ta-based compositions, a preliminary 20 min ball milling treatment of the starting reactants is required to activate the corresponding synthesis reactions. When the resulting powders are then subjected to consolidation by SPS, it is found that products with relative densities greater than 96% can be obtained for all systems investigated within 30 min of total processing time, when setting the dwell temperature to 1800 °C and the mechanical pressure to 20 MPa. Hardness, fracture toughness, and oxidation resistance characteristics of the resulting dense UHTCs are comparable to, or superior than, those relative to similar products synthesized by alternative, less rapid, processing routes. Moreover, it is found that the ternary composites display relatively low resistance to oxidation as a consequence of the lower SiC content in the composite, in comparison with the binary systems, as well as to the presence of transition metal carbides. Indeed, although the latter ones are potentially able to increase mechanical and resistance to ablation properties, they tend to oxidize rapidly to form MO<sub>2</sub> and CO<sub>x</sub>, so that the resulting porosity make the material bulk more sensitive to oxidation.</p>
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Shevtsova, Lilia I., Michail A. Korchagin, Alexander Thömmes, Vyacheslav I. Mali, Alexander G. Anisimov, and Sergey Yu Nagavkin. "Spark Plasma Sintering of Mechanically Activated Ni and Al Powders." Advanced Materials Research 1040 (September 2014): 772–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1040.772.
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In this paper structure and mechanical properties of Ni3Al intermetallic compound was studied. The materials was fabricated according to different schemes, which combined mechanical alloying of Ni and Al powders, self-propagating high temperature synthesis (SHS) and spark plasma sintering (SPS). Relative density of all sintered samples was ~ 97 %. Microhardness of the sintered materials ranged from 6100 to 6300 MPa. SPS of 86.71 % wt. Ni and 13.29 % wt. Ni powder at 1100 °C led to formation of material with the highest level of tensile strength equal to 400 MPa.
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Yang, Xiao Yu, Xin Hua Wu, Yang Feng Zhao, and Qi Gu Huang. "Investigation of Blends of sPS/B30, B30/iPP and sPS/iPP/B30: Mechanical and Thermal Properties." Applied Mechanics and Materials 541-542 (March 2014): 288–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.541-542.288.
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The mechanical and thermal properties of B30/iPP, B30/sPS and sPS/iPP/B30 blends were investigated by unnotched izod impact tester, DSC and tensile strength tester. The results showed that the mechanical properties of B30/iPP, B30/sPS and sPS/iPP/B30 blends were better than that of homopolymer B30 and sPS. The blend of sPS/B30 with the ratio of 80/20, unnotched izod impact strength was 41.2 KJ/m2, tensile strength 32.5 MPa. The blend of B30/iPP with the ratio of 90 to 10, the unnotched izod impact strength was 46.2 KJ/m2 and the tensile strength 27.2 MPa; and the blend of sPS/iPP/B30 with the ratio of 90/10/10, the unnotched izod impact strength was 42.3 KJ/m2, and the tensile strength 33.7 MPa. DSC result showed that in the blend system of B30/iPP and sPS/iPP/B30 the iPP-Tg region shifted toward the sPS-Tg. However, the sPS-Tg shifted inward slightly.
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Zhang, Lianjun, James A. Moore, and James D. Newberry. "A Whole-Stand Growth and Yield Model for Interior Douglas-Fir." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 8, no. 4 (October 1, 1993): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/8.4.120.
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Abstract A whole-stand model, Simulation Of Stands (SOS), was developed for even-aged Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca) stands in the inland Northwest. The model consists of three new components: (1) volume prediction model, (2) basal area prediction model, and (3) survival model. Existing height growth models were used to estimate stand top height growth. The behavior and performance of SOS were evaluated by simulating stand development over time under alternative conditions and comparing the results with growth and yield concepts suggested in the literature. The predicted stand attributes from SOS were also compared with predictions from the Stand Prognosis Model and Stand Projection System (SPS). SOS behavior was similar to Prognosis for lower site indices, but more like SPS for higher site indices. The three models differed mainly with respect to stand top height growth and tree survival. West. J. Appl. For. 8(4):120-125.
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Kwon, Dae Hwan, Khoa Xuan Huynh, Thuy Dang Nguyen, Pyuck Pa Choi, Myung-Gyu Chang, Young Jin Yum, Ji Soon Kim, and Young Soon Kwon. "Mechanical Behavior of TiB2 Nanoparticles Reinforced Cu Matrix Composites Synthesized by In-Situ Processing." Materials Science Forum 510-511 (March 2006): 346–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.510-511.346.
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Cu-TiB2 nanocomposite powders were in situ synthesized by combining high-energy ball milling of Cu-Ti-B elemental powder mixtures as precursors and subsequent self-propagating high temperature synthesis (SHS). Cu-40wt.% TiB2 was produced after SHS reaction and then diluted by copper to obtain desired homogeneous composites with 2.5, 5 and 10wt.%TiB2. Spark plasma sintering (SPS) was used to inhibit grain growth and thereby obtain fully Cu-TiB2 sintered bodies with nanocomposite structure. After SHS reaction, only Cu and TiB2 phases were detected in the SHS-product. Spheroidal TiB2 particles smaller than 250nm were formed in the copper matrix after SHS-reaction. Mechanical and electrical properties were investigated after SPS at 650°C for 30min under 50MPa. The electrical conductivity decreased from 75 to 54% IACS with increasing of TiB2 contents from 2.5 to 10wt.%. However, hardness increased from 56 to 97HRB. In addition, the tensile strength increased with increasing the TiB2 content.
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Rurua, Lamara, Levan Khundadze, and Lili Nadaraia. "Sintering of TiB2-TiC-SiC Composite Materials by Combined SPS/SHS Method." Materials Science Forum 1067 (August 10, 2022): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-r40082.
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The work aimed to determine the influence of iron-nickel alloy on the SPS sintering process of the TiB2-TiC-SiC composite. Composite casts were prepared with and without the additive of iron-nickel alloy to lower the sintering temperature. Composites were obtained by different methods. Samples were sintered directly from compounds and by a combined method where synthesis and sintering were conducted at the same time during SPS. The structure and properties of the composites were studied and compared. The addition of iron-nickel alloy allows sintering composites at lower temperatures, in addition, it reduces the porosity of the composite as iron-nickel alloy grains are placed between the composite grains and fill the gaps between the matrix polycrystals. Attention to ceramic matrix composite of the TiB2-TiC-SiC type is since they are characterized by a high melting point, high toughness, and high corrosion resistance. Above mentioned matrix was obtained at the temperature-1550°C by the SPS method. The addition of the iron-nickel alloy lowered it to 1200°C.
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Strebkov, Dmitry, Yuriy Shogenov, Ahmet Penjiyev, Besarion Meskhi, and Dmitry Rudoy. "Improving the energy characteristics of a solar photoelectric station of spherical and cylindrical surface shapes for the power supply of remote rural areas and agricultural enterprises." E3S Web of Conferences 363 (2022): 04063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202236304063.
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One of the actual tasks of generating electricity is to increase the energy efficiency of solar photoelectric stations (SPS) in uneven lighting. The purpose of the work is to study the energy characteristics of the SPS under uneven lighting to improve the energy efficiency of solar power plants, including those for agro–industrial enterprises located and operating in remote rural areas, on sloping lands, mountainous and foothill terrain, where the efficiency of the SPS can be higher than on the plain due to a higher level of illumination. The methods of mathematical analysis with application of geometric optics, photoelectric conversion methods and construction physics in solar engineering are used. Analytical calculations were carried out to clarify the design parameters of the SPS that are made in the form of a sphere and a cylinder. The article presents the results of theoretical studies of the electrical characteristics of SPS made in the form of a sphere and a cylinder under uneven illumination of solar photoelectric modules (SPM). The relationship of electrical power and the number of SPS in the SPS is determined by the methods of mathematical statistics. As a result of studies of the electrical characteristics of SPS in uneven lighting, the following results were obtained: for SPS in the form of a sphere, small-area SPS have energy efficiency 32% more than large-area SPS; for SPS in the form of a cylinder of small-area SPS, energy efficiency increases by 19% compared to large-area SPS. The relationship between electrical power and the number of SPS was determined using the coefficient of determination, which is equal to: for a spherical surface - 36.2%, for a cylindrical one - 26.6%.
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Kakegawa, Kazuyuki, Chun Ming Wen, Naofumi Uekawa, and Takashi Kojima. "SPS Using SiC Die." Key Engineering Materials 617 (June 2014): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.617.72.
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Possibility of a use of SiC as SPS die was examined. Although SiC has good strength even at high temperature, electrical conductivity is too low as the SPS die. Maximum output voltage of typical SPS machine is 10 V. Joule heat of SiC by application of 10 V is too small to increase its temperature. One idea to solve this problem in this study is to apply higher voltage to the SiC die. Using prototype high voltage SPS equipment, the temperature of SiC die was successfully elevated. Another idea is to heat the SiC die in advance. SiC has a semiconducting behavior, so that the electrical conductivity at high temperature becomes sufficient for the ordinary SPS equipment. Using SPS machine which has hot-wall, heaters surrounding the die, the temperature of the SiC die was successfully increased by application of low voltage. This SPS had similar sintering effects as the ordinary ones. Partly transparent alumina was successfully prepared. Initial compositional fluctuation of Pb (Zr,Ti)O3was maintained after it was densified by this SiC-SPS.
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Orpana, Heather M., Justin J. Lang, and Kim Yurkowski. "Validation d’une version réduite de l’Échelle de provisions sociales au moyen de données d’enquêtes nationales canadiennes." Promotion de la santé et prévention des maladies chroniques au Canada 39, no. 12 (December 2019): 352–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.39.12.02f.
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Introduction L’Échelle de provisions sociales à 10 items (SPS-10) a été mise en oeuvre dans un certain nombre d’enquêtes nationales canadiennes pour évaluer le soutien social. L’objectif de notre étude était de réduire l’échelle SPS-10 à une échelle à 5 items (SPS-5) tout en conservant des propriétés de mesure adéquates. Méthodologie Nous avons analysé les données fournies par les personnes de 18 ans et plus ayant répondu aux questions du module utilisant l’Échelle de provisions sociales dans le cadre du cycle thématique sur la santé mentale de l’Enquête sur la santé dans les collectivités canadiennes de 2012 (ESCC-SM 2012) et du cycle annuel de l’Enquête sur la santé dans les collectivités canadiennes de 2017 (ESCC 2017). Pour choisir les items, nous avons effectué une analyse factorielle exploratoire et une corrélation item-total sur les données du cycle SM ESCC 2012. Nous avons utilisé une analyse de corrélation entre l’échelle SPS-5, l’échelle SPS-10 et les construits de santé mentale positive (SMP) correspondants pour évaluer la validité critérielle de l’échelle SPS-5 par rapport à l’échelle SPS-10. Nous avons effectué une analyse factorielle confirmatoire à partir des données du cycle ESCC 2017 afin de confirmer la structure des facteurs de l’échelle SPS‑5. Résultats L’échelle SPS-5 présente une cohérence interne élevée (indice alpha de Cronbach de 0,88) et des corrélations avec les construits de SMP correspondants semblables à celles de l’échelle SPS-10. Les échelles SPS-5 et SPS-10 se sont aussi avérées très fortement corrélées (r = 0,97). L’analyse factorielle confirmatoire indique que le modèle à un seul facteur par provision, c’est-à-dire la SPS-5, est bien ajusté aux données. Les échelles SPS-5 et SPS-10 produisent des estimations similaires d’un soutien social élevé, de respectivement 92,7 et 91,5 %. Conclusion La nouvelle échelle SPS-5 offre des propriétés de mesure adéquates et fonctionne de façon semblable à l’échelle SPS-10, étayant l’utilisation de cette version réduite. Elle constitue une solution de remplacement valide et utilisable de l’échelle SPS-10, ce qui pourrait alléger la tâche des participants aux enquêtes nationales sur la santé.
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Goldberg, Alon, and Miri Scharf. "How do highly sensitive persons parent their adolescent children? The role of sensory processing sensitivity in parenting practices." Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 37, no. 6 (March 13, 2020): 1825–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407520911101.
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This research examines whether sensory processing sensitivity (SPS) in parents is associated with their parenting practices toward their adolescent children and whether attachment insecurity mediates the associations between SPS and parenting practices. One hundred twenty-one parent–adolescent dyads completed self-report questionnaires assessing parents’ SPS, parents’ adult attachment, and parenting practices. Results showed that SPS was positively associated with inconsistency, psychological intrusiveness, and attachment anxiety. Further, attachment anxiety mediated the association between parents’ SPS and harsh parenting and partially mediated the association between parents’ SPS and parental psychological intrusiveness. There is very little research on how highly sensitive individuals parent their children in general and none regarding the parenting of high-SPS individuals during challenging developmental periods such as their children’s adolescence. Findings suggest that parents high in SPS may experience this period as especially stressful and high SPS might contribute to the use of negative parenting. Interventions focused on regulating high-SPS parents’ stress and on facilitating parents in practicing separating their own and their children’s emotions could promote their use of more positive parenting practices.
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Lambe, Jeffrey, Alissa Rothman, Jerry Prince, Shiv Saidha, Peter A. Calabresi, and Scott D. Newsome. "Retinal pathology occurs in stiff-person syndrome." Neurology 94, no. 20 (January 10, 2020): e2126-e2131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000008943.
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ObjectiveTo evaluate whether structural and functional changes occur in the afferent visual system of patients with stiff-person syndrome (SPS) and whether these changes correlate with disease burden, given the high concentration of γ-aminobutyric acid receptors, which are generally thought to be involved in SPS pathogenesis, in the retina.MethodsIn this single-center, cross-sectional study, patients with SPS and healthy controls (HCs) underwent optical coherence tomography (OCT), with a subset undergoing high- and low-contrast visual acuity (VA) assessments. Burden of disease was assessed via the number of body regions affected. Individuals with uncontrolled hypertension or comorbid neurologic or ophthalmologic disorders were excluded. Statistical analyses were performed using mixed-effects linear regression models.ResultsThirty-five patients with SPS and 40 age- and sex-matched HCs underwent OCT. A subset of 23 patients with SPS and 28 HCs underwent VA assessments. Relative to HCs, patients with SPS had lower ganglion cell + inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thicknesses (SPS: 74.36 µm [SD 5.7]; HCs: 76.33 µm [SD 4.2]; p = 0.005), inner nuclear layer thicknesses (SPS: 44.37 µm [SD 2.7]; HCs: 45.18 µm [SD 2.2]; p = 0.042), and 100% (SPS: 53 [SD 9.6]; HCs: 57.5 [SD 6.1]; p = 0.005), 2.5% (SPS: 24.35 [SD 10.1]; HCs: 30.16 [SD 7.7]; p = 0.006), and 1.25% contrast (SPS: 16.41 [SD 10.6]; HCs: 20.84 [SD 8.6]; p = 0.034) letter acuity scores. GCIPL thicknesses correlated with the number of body regions affected in SPS (decrease of 1.25 µm [95% confidence interval, −2.2 to −0.3 µm; p = 0.008] per additional body region affected).ConclusionsRetinal neuronal pathology can occur in SPS. OCT may have utility as a biomarker of disease burden in SPS.