Academic literature on the topic 'SPS (Organization)'
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Journal articles on the topic "SPS (Organization)"
1
Naiki, Yoshiko. "Accountability and Legitimacy in Global Health and Safety Governance: The World Trade Organization, the SPS Committee, and International Standard-Setting Organizations." Journal of World Trade 43, Issue 6 (December 1, 2009): 1255–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2009049.
Full textAbstract:
Following the creation of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the application of the WTO’s Sanitary and Phytosanitary Agreement (hereinafter ‘SPS Agreement), concerns over health and safety have become increasingly predominant in the international trade regime. While rulings under the WTO dispute settlement procedure, as in the case of European Communities – Measures Concerning Meat and Meat Products (Hormones) (hereinafter ‘EC-Hormones’) and European Communities – Measures Affecting the Approval and Marketing of Biotech Products (hereinafter ‘EC-Biotech(GMOs)’), have received most of the attention, these rulings based upon the SPS Agreement are not the only governance arrangements available in the WTO. The SPS Agreement also provides a forum – the SPS Committee – for debate over the health and safety concerns among Member States. This article reviews how the work of the SPS Committee fits into the recent WTO accountability debate. It examines how the SPS Committee provides for an accountability mechanism between Member States, thereby facilitating participation and promoting transparency. Furthermore, it focuses on the role of international standards, established by international standard-setting organizations, and addresses debates over the legitimacy of international standard-setting processes. This article also examines how ‘international regime complexity’ (or ‘regime interactions’) between the WTO and international standard-setting organizations relates to the questions of legitimacy and accountability. Finally, it concludes with a look at the question of the accountability of the SPS Committee itself.
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Pochebut, L. G., S. D. Gurieva, and V. A. Chiker. "Predictive model of socio-psychological factors of building confidence in the organization." Social Psychology and Society 9, no. 1 (2018): 22–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/sps.2018090103.
Full textAbstract:
The article presents the predictive model of socio-psychological factors of building confidence in the organization. In science still hasn’t determined the system factors of strengthening and maintaining trust. The article gives the classification of the basic conceptual approaches to the study of confidence in modern psychology: the psychological, socio-psychological, informational, subject-object. The main hypothesis is that the confidence of employees in the organization with balance the use of personas tactics interpersonal behavior. The study involved 149 people (40.5% of mane’s and 59. 5% women’s) aged from 25 to 45 years old, the staff of commercial organizations in St. Petersburg. Conducted testing and role playing game was obtained regression model predicting the confidence in the firm, identified the socio-psychological factors to enhance it (personal and group peculiarities, specific organizational culture), as the specific tactics achieve trust. The main conclusion is that establishing trust between people, based on their personal qualities, organizational culture and use of special tactics in business collaboration.
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Naumtseva, E. A., and W. A. Stroh. "Psychological Readiness for Organizational Change and its Socio-Psychological Predictors." Social Psychology and Society 11, no. 4 (2020): 151–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/sps.2020110411.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives. The study of socio-psychological predictors of employees’ readiness for changes (identification with the organization as a whole, identification with the unit, injective and descriptive norms) and the ratio of their contribution to the formation of employees’ readiness for changes. Background. Due to rapid technological development, the number of necessary changes within organizations is growing. A well-formed employees’ readiness for the upcoming changes is needed for the success of their implementation. It will affect the productivity of work processes. Study design. The study examined the level of readiness for organizational changes, the level of identification with the organization, with the unit, and subjective norms (injective and descriptive). Regression analysis was used to process the data. Socio-demographic characteristics differences were analyzed using the Mann—Whitney U-test and the Kruskel-Wallis N-test. Participants. The study sample included the state medical organization employees’ implementing electronic records and medical records (n = 308). Measurements. To evaluate variables, we used questionnaire “Readiness for Organizational Change” by D. Holt, questionnaire by B. Ashfort, F. Mael “Organizational Identification”, and scales for assessing perceived norms of M. Fishbein and A. Aizen. Results. It is established that identification with an organization, identification with a unit, an injective and descriptive norm are associated with a readiness to change. The strongest predictor of readiness for organizational change is the injective norm for change, the next most powerful predictor is the descriptive norm for change. A less significant contribution to readiness is identification with the organization as a whole. Identification with the working group (or unit) is associated with readiness to change negatively. The level of readiness for organizational changes among managers is significantly higher than among performers. Conclusions. Identification with the organization and unit, injective and descriptive norms make a significant contribution to the formation of employee readiness for change. Significant differences were found in the level of readiness for changes depending on the position: managers demonstrate a higher level compared to ordinary employees. The results of the study can be used by managers and management consultants to assess and build readiness for change.
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Nesmeianova, R. K. "The relationship between the socio-demographic characteristics of employees and their organizational identification and their perceived attractiveness of corporate culture." Social Psychology and Society 9, no. 1 (2018): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/sps.2018090105.
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The article presents the results of comparing the interrelationships between the individual characteristics of employees (gender, age, education, position and seniority in the organization) with the types of organizational identification that they form, the level of need for it, and the degree of attractiveness of the corporate culture. The study involved 252 respondents (185 women, 67 men), all — representatives of commercial organizations. Data collection was carried out in one stage, a questionnaire was proposed, which included three methods. The resulting material was mathematically processed using the Mann-Whitney U-test and Kruskal-Wallis test. Data are received that managers are less likely than performers to experience negative, ambiguous or neutral feelings towards their organization. The older the employees, the higher the level of their identification with it. The most senior employees are identified most with their company, as well as employees who have a long working record. Thus, a correlation was revealed between the socio-demographic characteristics of employees and the organizational variables under study.
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Wagner, Markus. "The Future of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Governance: SPS-Plus or SPS-Minus?" Journal of World Trade 51, Issue 3 (June 1, 2017): 445–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2017018.
Full textAbstract:
Food safety plays an increasingly important role in today’s interdependent trading relations. The existing multilateral rules embodied in the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) Measures are increasingly being supplemented by a series of bilateral and multilateral agreements. Unlike debates surrounding intellectual property rights, the negotiations concerning SPS rules in preferential trade agreements are rarely analysed in a systematic and detailed manner. The article uses the SPS Chapter negotiated for purposes of the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPPA) as a model for the future of SPS governance and compares it to the existing disciplines under the SPS Agreement. While the future of the TPPA in its current iteration may be in doubt, the US has clearly posited its SPS Chapter as a blueprint for future SPS governance. While the SPS Chapter contains some procedural advances in SPS governance, its substantive rules – or lack thereof – are not only at odds with the existing SPS regime; they exhibit a flawed understanding of scientific enquiry and how to deal with the uncertainty inherent therein.
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WOUTERS, JAN, and DYLAN GERAETS. "Private food standards and the World Trade Organization: some legal considerations." World Trade Review 11, no. 3 (July 2012): 479–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474745612000237.
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AbstractPrivate standards have increasingly become a contentious issue in the multilateral trading system. The ever increasing number of sector-specific standards developed by businesses, in particular in the food market, may have significant implications for developing countries in terms of market access. Some countries see private food standards as a particular form of non-tariff barriers. The World Trade Organization (WTO) deals with non-tariff barriers in the Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS Agreement) and in the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT Agreement). This paper examines to what extent these agreements cover private standards, as they were originally intended to regulate standard-setting by public authorities. We find that there is an important difference between the SPS Agreement and the TBT Agreement in that the drafters of the latter realized the importance of the private sector in standard-setting. Finally, we discuss whether a ‘Code of Good Practice for the Preparation, Adoption and Application of Standards’, similar to that under the TBT Agreement, could be adopted under the SPS Agreement.
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Bazarov, T. Yu, and N. T. Karieva. "The Methodology for Identification of Confidence in the Organization." Social Psychology and Society 13, no. 3 (2022): 134–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/sps.2022130309.
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Objective. Development and initial testing of a methodology for identifying beliefs about trust in an organization.Background. Today, the issue of increasing the efficiency of the organization and its competitiveness is becoming more and more urgent. One of the key factors influencing internal organizational processes is trust in the organization. In this regard, it is important to develop new tools that will help to identify ideas about trust in the organization and to study the nature of this phenomenon more deeply.Study design. The research was carried out using a socio-psychological survey.Participants. The study involved 200 respondents, of whom 78 are men and 122 women aged 18 to 50 years, with experience in various government and commercial organizations.Measurements. For data processing and analysis, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, Mann-Whitney test and correlation analysis were used. The SPSS 15.0 software was used to process the data.Results. As a result of testing the methodology for psychometric indicators on the scale of “performance”, “decency” and “concern for others”, points were identified that did not work on their scale. It was decided to remove these items from the methodology. After removing items, the correlation of which with the scale was less than +0.1, the reliability indicator of the Performance scale became 0.682, the Decency scale — 0.638, and the Caring for others scale — 0.783, which indicates a sufficient level of reliability-consistency for personal questionnaires. The substantive validity of the questionnaire is achieved by drawing up question formulations in accordance with the theoretically identified characteristics of the three imperatives of trust in the organization in the concept of Robert Shaw. The validity of the gender questionnaire was confirmed by the presence of differences in the perception of the “caring for others” component of trust between men and women.Conclusions. The scales of the methodology developed by us have a high level of reliability and consistency. Statistical data indicate the advisability of reformulating some of the statements for further improving the tool, eliminating the secondary meanings of the paragraph. There was some evidence of the validity of the methodology by gender, indicating the ability of the instrument to differentiate objectively existing differences.
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Botterill, Linda Courtenay, and Carsten Daugbjerg. "Commensalistic institutions and value conflicts: the World Trade Organization and global private food standards." European Political Science Review 7, no. 1 (January 17, 2014): 23–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755773913000295.
Full textAbstract:
An important outcome of the Uruguay Round of multilateral trade negotiations was the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS Agreement). This was set up to discipline the use of national food safety and animal and plant health regulations and to prevent their emergence as technical barriers to trade. The Agreement privileges free trade and scientific evidence, thus excluding many ethical considerations from the regulations that national governments can enact in relation to production methods in the agri-food chain. Autonomously from the SPS Agreement, a number of global private standard schemes have been developed that have incorporated values rejected by the SPS Agreement. This paper examines the relationship between the Agreement and the private standards and argues that this case highlights a gap in the institutional literature with respect to parallel institutions emergingautonomouslyfrom the primary institution to embody values excluded by the latter. We adopt the term commensalism for these previously undescribed relationships.
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Torres Rodríguez, Pamela. "Analysis of de Subsection 3.2.7 of the Annex to Regulation (EU) No. 488-2014 concerning the maximum cadmium content in chocolate and derived products under the WTO Sanitary and Phytosanitary rules." Revista Internacional de Derecho 2, no. 1 (2021): 54–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.37768/unw.rid.02.01.004.
Full textAbstract:
The requirement for maximum levels of cadmium in cocoa and derived products established in subsection 3.2.7 of the Annex to the European Union (EU) Regulation No. 488/2014 shall be in accordance with the World Trade Organization (WTO) Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) rules. Thus, through the dogmatic method it is analysed whether it is a SPS measure that affects international trade and if it complies with the basic principles of the SPS Agreement as if the measure: was issued under the sovereign right of the European Union (EU) Member States (MS) to adopt SPS measures, was adopted to protect human life or health, had scientific basis, and does not imply arbitrary or unjustified discrimination.
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Lovakov, A. V. "Negative Effects of Organizational Identification of the Worker: Role of the Workaholism." Social Psychology and Society 8, no. 2 (2017): 51–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/sps.2017080204.
Full textAbstract:
In the previous researches it is shown that the strong feeling of identification of the worker with the organization has a row of positive correlates both for the worker, and for the organization. However, in several recent researches the empirical evidence of presence at organizational identification of negative correlates are obtained. In this research communication of organizational identification and wellbeing of the worker is studied, namely, the assumption of a mediation role of workaholism is tested. The results received by means of the survey of 1783 employees of the large Russian organization showed that the level of organizational identification of the worker promotes increase for it in excessiveness and compulsiveness of work that in turn, promotes the increase of its emotional exhaustion and the work-family conflict. These results show a dual role of identification of the worker with the organization, empirically show presence at organizational identification of potential negative effects, and also explain one of mechanisms of their emergence.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "SPS (Organization)"
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Bon, Veronica <1994>. "Time and Speed as competitive leverages: the Agile Organization and the Fast Fashion." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/15418.
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Questo eleborato tratterà del tema del tempo. Analizzerò il tempo dal punto di vista della sua velocità (speed) e come esso abbia cambiato il modo di lavorare all'interno delle organizzazioni. Partendo dal fenomeno dell'Agile Organization, mi concentrerò poi sul fenomeno della Fast Fashion, ne studierò le sue peculiarità partendo dall'analisi di Zerubavel riguardante le quattro temporal regulrity e ne presenterò anche il suo dark side (slow fashion)
2
Inguaggiato, Carla. "Agrarian reform, social movements and Community Based Organization: the emergence of new organizational forms? A case study in Northeast Brazil." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/368516.
Full textAbstract:
There is an on-going debate on the effects of participatory development interventions; some scholars claim that participation is the key driver of change while others show that these interventions are vulnerable to unintended consequences and often only empower the already leading elites.
The Brazilian agrarian reform created a large migration flow into villages inside sugar cane plantations (engenhos) that became agrarian reform settlements (assentamentos). The main novelties in assentamentos are the presence of households with heterogeneous background and free use of land.
The main question is whether the agrarian reform and producers’ cooperatives supported the emergence in assentamentos of new forms of social organization.
This research argues that that impact of development intervention is not only related to participants but to the entire target social structure. Applying theory of adaptiveness, the main hypothesis is that the capacity of assentamentos to respond to the changes promoted by these external interventions depends on the level of overlap between multiple social networks that define the social structure of assentamentos.
This research explores qualitatively and quantitatively the network formation of three assentamentos in Northeast Brazil. Furthermore it analyzes how one cooperative supporting family farming influences and it is influenced by the social network structure. The agrarian reform and the creation of a producers’ cooperative can be considered as participatory interventions, as they were community driven. The unit of analysis is the household. Households are the nodes in the network. Villages are considered as social relational systems. The analysis focuses on the study of multiple networks that connect households in each village.
By analyzing three agrarian reform settlements that were created by three different social movements, the research shows that different households’ recruitment strategies and different villages’ histories led to different village composition and social processes behind network formation. Family farming plays a crucial role in allowing for the possibility to create new rural villages that differ from previous sugar cane plantation production units. The possibility of family farming to become a relevant livelihood strategy is associated with the features of villages’ social networks. The producers’ cooperative, supporting the introduction of new labor-intensive crops and guaranteeing a market for some crops, sustains family farming employment network. However the brokering role of the cooperative is hampered by the cooperative political positioning and by the path of specialization towards high value and labor-intensive crops.
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Inguaggiato, Carla. "Agrarian reform, social movements and Community Based Organization: the emergence of new organizational forms? A case study in Northeast Brazil." Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2014. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/1189/2/Inguaggiato_Carla_Doctoral_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
There is an on-going debate on the effects of participatory development interventions; some scholars claim that participation is the key driver of change while others show that these interventions are vulnerable to unintended consequences and often only empower the already leading elites.
The Brazilian agrarian reform created a large migration flow into villages inside sugar cane plantations (engenhos) that became agrarian reform settlements (assentamentos). The main novelties in assentamentos are the presence of households with heterogeneous background and free use of land.
The main question is whether the agrarian reform and producers’ cooperatives supported the emergence in assentamentos of new forms of social organization.
This research argues that that impact of development intervention is not only related to participants but to the entire target social structure. Applying theory of adaptiveness, the main hypothesis is that the capacity of assentamentos to respond to the changes promoted by these external interventions depends on the level of overlap between multiple social networks that define the social structure of assentamentos.
This research explores qualitatively and quantitatively the network formation of three assentamentos in Northeast Brazil. Furthermore it analyzes how one cooperative supporting family farming influences and it is influenced by the social network structure. The agrarian reform and the creation of a producers’ cooperative can be considered as participatory interventions, as they were community driven. The unit of analysis is the household. Households are the nodes in the network. Villages are considered as social relational systems. The analysis focuses on the study of multiple networks that connect households in each village.
By analyzing three agrarian reform settlements that were created by three different social movements, the research shows that different households’ recruitment strategies and different villages’ histories led to different village composition and social processes behind network formation. Family farming plays a crucial role in allowing for the possibility to create new rural villages that differ from previous sugar cane plantation production units. The possibility of family farming to become a relevant livelihood strategy is associated with the features of villages’ social networks. The producers’ cooperative, supporting the introduction of new labor-intensive crops and guaranteeing a market for some crops, sustains family farming employment network. However the brokering role of the cooperative is hampered by the cooperative political positioning and by the path of specialization towards high value and labor-intensive crops.
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AMOROSI, LUCIA. "A PRIVATE BUSINESS.THE ROLE OF EMPLOYMENT AGENCIES IN THE ORGANIZATION OF DOMESTIC WORK." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/932990.
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in my PhD thesis I analyze the impact of both for-profit and non-for-profit labour intermediaries on the organization of domestic work in Italy. I focus on the impact these intermediaries may have on the high rate of labour informality defining domestic work, as well as on the condition of invisibility of migrant domestic workers, and on the racialized and gendered stereotypes defining this sector.
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Lavorgna, Anita. "Transit crimes in the Internet age: How new online criminal opportunities affect the organization of offline transit crimes." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/368968.
Full textAbstract:
There is a general consensus that the Internet has expanded possibilities for so-called transit crimes—i.e., traditional trafficking activities. However, the extent to which the Internet is exploited by offenders to carry out transit crimes and the way in which it has changed those offenders’ behaviors and the criminal processes remains under- investigated.
The aim of this thesis is to understand what kind of criminal opportunities the Internet offers for conducting transit crimes and how these opportunities affect the organization of transit crimes, as concerns both the carrying out of the criminal activity and the patterns of relations in and among criminal networks.
In order to achieve this goal, a model of script analysis—a way to highlight the sequence of actions that are carried out for a determinate criminal activity to occur— was developed in order to classify the criminal opportunities that the Internet supplies for selected transit crimes (wildlife trafficking, trafficking in counterfeit medicines, sex trafficking, and trafficking in recreational drugs), to identify cyber-hotspots, and to allow a richer and deeper understanding of the dynamics of Internet-mediated transit crimes. The data were collected by means of case study research and semi-structured interviews to law enforcement officers and acknowledged experts.
For each criminal activity considered, through the script framework it has been possible to identify different types of criminal opportunities provided by the Internet. The
empirical evidence presented demonstrates that the criminal markets considered have become—even if to a different extent—hybrid markets which combine the traditional social and economic opportunity structures with the new one provided by the Internet. Among other findings, this research indicates that not only has the Internet opened the way for new criminal actors, but it also has reconfigured relations among suppliers, intermediaries, and buyers. Furthermore, results were compared across transit crimes to illustrate whether and to what extent Internet usage impacts them differently. The differences seem to depend primarily on the social perception of the seriousness of the criminal activity, on the place it fills in the law enforcement agenda, and on the characteristics of the actors involved.
This study, albeit with limitations, provides an accurate description of the Internet as crime facilitator for transit crimes. It concludes by highlighting the possibilities of environmental criminology as a theoretical framework to investigate Internet-mediated transit crimes, offering some final observations on how relevant actors behave online, and suggesting new directions for research.
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BOSCH, EVA MARTINA. "'Self-Organization' of welfare-services in deprived and wealthier urban neighborhoods in the Dutch Participation Society." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/110692.
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This dissertation investigates the Dutch policy turn towards more volunteering in neighborhood-based welfare services, and its effects on poorer and wealthier urban neighbourhoods. Over the last two decades, various Western European governments have become more attentive and supportive to citizens’ voluntary organisations in the fields of social cohesion, care and emancipation in the neighbourhood. In the UK, the so-called ‘Big Society’ policy frame has become very influential. Inspired by this example, the Dutch national government has expressed that the Dutch welfare state is to transform into a ‘participation society’.
The dissertation project empirically tests one of the critiques on the Dutch participation society. This critique holds that deprived urban areas have less potential to self-organize welfare services and that, consequently, the level and quality of welfare services will be lower in these neighborhoods than in richer neighborhoods. Therefore it is feared that more support for welfare self-organisation will eventually exacerbate existing social inequality in the city.
The research has consisted of interviews and observations of almost all year-round welfare service providing volunteer groups in four Rotterdam neighbourhoods. This showed that the groups are actually more numerous in the poorer than in the wealthier research neighbourhoods: the deprived areas have twice as many groups. Analysis of all 2014 funding applications to the Rotterdam Resident Initiative fund, also shows that deprived boroughs have more groups than wealthier boroughs. To understand deprived neighbourhoods’ higher number of groups per inhabitant, it proves necessary to look also at self-organization leaders’ motivations for volunteering. My interview data indicate that for many higher educated leaders, volunteering is related to paid work. In the second place, higher educated leaders working in low-income neighbourhoods are quite often ethnic minority volunteers who work to help their own ethnic group. Thirdly, I found that many volunteers are non-working citizens (retired or unemployed) who are motivated by the opportunities for social contact and useful or pleasurable occupation of their leisure time. The motivation perspective helps to explain why more groups were found in the deprived research neighbourhoods: in these areas also more un(der)employed people and ethnic minority communities are present. Furthermore, the research investigates how the socio-economic profile of the neighbourhood influences volunteer groups’ opportunities to acquire material resources they need. It finds that the municipality strongly supports that residents make application to its funding program, especially in the deprived neighbourhoods, but that due to budget cuts this funding is often less generous than before.
Together, the empirical data show that the relatively large number of self-organizations in the lower income research neighborhoods is mostly due to higher activation. It also indicates that the services that are self-organised in Rotterdam’s participation society are often well adapted to local welfare needs. At the same time, this self-organised welfare landscape is quite fragmented along ethnic lines and sometimes also class lines. Furthermore, the supply of welfare services is difficult to supervise or steer for local government. Lastly, even though deprived neighborhoods have relatively more welfare service groups, this is still a very small number in absolute terms, and the losses that come with Rotterdam’s participation society policies are most tangible in these areas. They used to have much more state-funded welfare services than the wealthier areas of the city. The fact that these have been largely scaled down in budget cut operations, impacts residents’ daily life more strongly in the deprived than in the wealthier neighbourhoods.
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STROEHLE, JUDITH CHRISTINA. "CONDITIONS OF IMPACT. ORGANIZATION AND CONTEXT OF EFFECTIVE MULTI-STAKEHOLDER LABOUR GOVERNANCE IN GLOBAL VALUE CHAINS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/574480.
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In vista dei limiti della gestione aziendale unilaterale, le cosiddette iniziative multi-stakeholder (MSI) ci sono progressivamente moltiplicate per affrontare la regolamentazione degli standard internazionali del lavoro nella catena globale del valore, utilizzando le leve e gli strumenti dei più svariati attori, tra cui governi, sindacati e ONG. L'emergere di queste MSI è legata alla convinzione che una maggiore collaborazione porti a una gestione del lavoro più efficace (World Bank, 2015). Le diverse iniziative di collaborazione suggeriscono però che la realtà sia più complessa. Fattori come il coinvolgimento delle parti interessate, la configurazione organizzativa e il contesto locale possono influire notevolmente sui risultati della loro gestione e, in ultima analisi, sul loro successo. Mentre gli studi sulla governance privata del lavoro hanno considerato separatamente ciascuno di questi fattori, non esiste a oggi uno studio che esamini in maniera congiunta l'impatto dei fattori interni ed esterni sul successo della governance collaborativa tramite le MSI. Il presente lavoro si propone di contribuire a colmare questo divario prendendo in esame i casi dell'associazione Fair Labor Association (FLA) e il programma Better Work dell'International Labour Organization (ILO), con una strategia di ricerca quantitativa e qualitativa. In primo luogo, la ricerca fornisce un approfondimento sulle caratteristiche della governance collaborativa offrendo una nuova e completa classificazione delle MSI sulla regolazione del lavoro, considerando le dimensioni del campo di applicazione delle iniziative, della compliance e della funzione delle stesse. Lo studio di caso comparato sottolinea ulteriormente la rilevanza delle dinamiche tra livelli di collaborazione e qualità di governance. In secondo luogo, la ricerca esamina l’impatto dei fattori esterni analizzando i dati sulla social compliance di FLA e Better Work, presentando nuovi risultati che svelano l'impatto delle caratteristiche della supply chain, del contesto istituzionale e del ruolo statale sullo sviluppo della social compliance a fronte di diversi standard di lavoro. La ricerca sottolinea in modo specifico la diversa tangibilità organizzativa dei diritti ammissibili e osservabili (Barrientos e Smith, 2007) e la rilevanza della regolamentazione nazionale del lavoro, nonché del commercio, per promuovere efficacemente gli standard internazionali del lavoro.As an answer to the limits of unilateral, corporate labour governance, so-called multi-stakeholder initiatives (MSIs) have increasingly emerged to tackle the regulation of labour standards in global value chains (GVCs), making use of the leverage and tools of more diverse actors, including governments, trade unions and NGOs. The emergence of these MSIs is linked to the belief, that higher collaboration leads to more successful labour governance (World Bank, 2015). The diversity among collaborative initiatives suggests however that the reality is more complex. Factors such as the involvement of specific stakeholders, the organizational setup and the initiative’s local environments can all heavily affect their governance-outcomes, and ultimately their success. Whereas studies on private labour governance have considered each of these factors separately, so far there is no consorted effort which examines the impact of both internal and external conditions on the success of collaborative global labour governance through MSIs. Examining the Fair Labor Association (FLA) and the ILO’s Better Work Program, this dissertation contributes to fill this gap with a quantitative-qualitative research strategy. First, it gives insights into the internal conditions of collaborative governance by offering a new and comprehensive classification of labour-regulating MSIs, using dimensions of scope, membership and function. Through a comparative case-study, the research further uncovers re-enforcing dynamics between levels of collaborativeness and governance-quality. Second, external conditions are examined by analysing FLA’s and Better Work’s social compliance data. Here, the dissertation presents novel findings which unravel the impact of supply-chain characteristics, institutional environments and state roles on the development of social compliance with diverse labour standards. The research specifically highlights the distinct organizational tangibility of enabling and observable rights (Barrientos and Smith, 2007) and the relevance of national labour market regulation as well as controlled trade de-regulation for effective public reinforcement of global labour standards.
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Lavorgna, Anita. "Transit crimes in the Internet age: How new online criminal opportunities affect the organization of offline transit crimes." Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2014. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/1185/1/PhD_Dissertation_Lavorgna.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
There is a general consensus that the Internet has expanded possibilities for so-called transit crimes—i.e., traditional trafficking activities. However, the extent to which the Internet is exploited by offenders to carry out transit crimes and the way in which it has changed those offenders’ behaviors and the criminal processes remains under- investigated.
The aim of this thesis is to understand what kind of criminal opportunities the Internet offers for conducting transit crimes and how these opportunities affect the organization of transit crimes, as concerns both the carrying out of the criminal activity and the patterns of relations in and among criminal networks.
In order to achieve this goal, a model of script analysis—a way to highlight the sequence of actions that are carried out for a determinate criminal activity to occur— was developed in order to classify the criminal opportunities that the Internet supplies for selected transit crimes (wildlife trafficking, trafficking in counterfeit medicines, sex trafficking, and trafficking in recreational drugs), to identify cyber-hotspots, and to allow a richer and deeper understanding of the dynamics of Internet-mediated transit crimes. The data were collected by means of case study research and semi-structured interviews to law enforcement officers and acknowledged experts.
For each criminal activity considered, through the script framework it has been possible to identify different types of criminal opportunities provided by the Internet. The
empirical evidence presented demonstrates that the criminal markets considered have become—even if to a different extent—hybrid markets which combine the traditional social and economic opportunity structures with the new one provided by the Internet. Among other findings, this research indicates that not only has the Internet opened the way for new criminal actors, but it also has reconfigured relations among suppliers, intermediaries, and buyers. Furthermore, results were compared across transit crimes to illustrate whether and to what extent Internet usage impacts them differently. The differences seem to depend primarily on the social perception of the seriousness of the criminal activity, on the place it fills in the law enforcement agenda, and on the characteristics of the actors involved.
This study, albeit with limitations, provides an accurate description of the Internet as crime facilitator for transit crimes. It concludes by highlighting the possibilities of environmental criminology as a theoretical framework to investigate Internet-mediated transit crimes, offering some final observations on how relevant actors behave online, and suggesting new directions for research.
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Machado, Ricardo de Queiroz. "Analise do perfil das restrições comerciais à carne bovina nos acordos SPS e TBT." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11132/tde-10072007-102708/.
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As questões sanitárias e técnicas assumem uma importância crescente no âmbito das negociações internacionais. Diante disto, este trabalho busca verificar o perfil das medidas dessa natureza, que afetam o mercado internacional de carne bovina. Para tanto, foram utilizadas como principais fontes de dados, as notificações aos Acordos sobre Barreiras Técnicas (TBT) e para aplicação de Medidas Sanitárias e Fitossanitárias (SPS) da Organização Mundial do Comercio. Os países analisados foram Brasil, Chile, Estados Unidos e União Européia, no período entre 1995 e 2005. Totalizaram 536 notificações relacionadas a bovinos e carne bovina. Como instrumento metodológico para sua avaliação, este trabalho baseou-se no conjunto de critérios proposto por Josling, Orden e Roberts (2004). Como resultados, revelaram-se algumas tendências a partir desse processo de notificação. A União Européia tem sido o país mais freqüentemente alvo de questionamentos de suas medidas sanitárias no âmbito das Preocupações Comerciais Específicas (STC). Em grande parte, as notificações analisadas, para o período estudado trataram principalmente de controles aduaneiros sanitários. A doença da vaca louca e a da febre aftosa respondem pela maior parte dos regulamentos aplicados pelos países sobre o mercado de carne bovina. Ademais, a maior parte das notificações refere-se a medidas reativas aos eventos sanitários que ocorreram nos países, visando impedir sua entrada em países livres das mesmas. Os regulamentos, tanto notificados junto ao SPS quanto ao TBT, evidenciaram uma tendência crescente de controlar produtos que utilizam derivados de bovinos em sua composição, como cosméticos e drogas, bem como um controle sobre produtos que servem de alimentação animal.The sanitary and technical issues present a growing importance in the scope of international negotiations. Therefore, this work aims to analyze the profile of measures of this kind, which affect the international beef market. Thus, it was used as main sources of data, the notifications to the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) and to the Sanitary and Phytosanitary Agreement (SPS) from the World Trade Organization. The countries analyzed were Brazil, Chile, the United States and the European Union, between 1995 and 2005. It was totalled 536 notifications regarding bovine and beef. As a methodologic instrument of evaluation, this paper was based on a set of criteria proposed by Josling, Orden and Roberts (2004). As results, some trends were identified from this notification process. The European Union has been the most questioned player related to its sanitary measures in the scope of Specific Trade Concerns (STC). Most analyzed notifications, for the period considered, focused on sanitary customs controls, mainly. The mad cow and the Foot-and-Mouth diseases account for most applied regulations by countries as for the beef market. Moreover, most part notifications refer to reactive measures to sanitary outbreaks, aiming to prevent them from spreading to other countries. The regulations, both notified to the SPS and TBT, showed an increasing tendency to control goods that use bovine derivates in their composition, such as cosmetics and drugs, as well as products that are used in animal feeding.
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Wiemer, Frederik. "Produktsicherheit und freier Warenverkehr in GATT/WTO : eine Untersuchung von SPS-, TBT-Abkommen und GATT 1994 unter vergleichender Berücksichtigung von Artt. 28, 30 EG /." Frankfurt am Main [u.a.] : Lang, 2001. http://www.gbv.de/dms/sbb-berlin/323683568.pdf.
Full textBooks on the topic "SPS (Organization)"
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Rüdiger, Wolfrum, Stoll Peter-Tobias, and Seibert-Fohr Anja, eds. WTO, technical barriers, and SPS measures. Danvers, MA: Martinus Nijhoff Publsihers, 2007.
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author, Xu Jiarong, ed. WTO "SPS xie ding" yu wo guo nong chan pin ying dui SPS cuo shi dui ce yan jiu. Beijing Shi: Zhi shi chan quan chu ban she, 2015.
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Gruszczynski, Lukasz. Regulating health and environmental risks under WTO law: A critical analysis of the SPS agreement. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.
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1955-, Yamashita Kazuhito, ed. Shoku no anzen to bōeki: WTO, SPS Kyōtei no hō to keizai bunseki = World Trade Organization Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures. Tōkyō: Nihon Hyōronsha, 2008.
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Désir, Harlem. SOS désirs: SOS Racisme. Paris: Calmann-Lévy, 1987.
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Wegner, Bernd. The Waffen-SS: Organization, ideology, and function. Oxford, UK: Basil Blackwell, 1990.
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Villiers, Gérard de. SAS: Al-Qaïda attaque! Paris: Editions Gérard de Villiers, 2008.
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Villiers, Gérard de. SAS: Loi martiale a kaboul. Paris: Editions Gerard de Villiers, 1989.
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Malik, Serge. Histoire secrète de SOS-Racisme. Paris: Albin Michel, 1990.
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American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. SAS No. 70 Task Force., ed. Service organizations: Applying SAS no. 70, as amended. New York, N.Y: American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, 2004.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "SPS (Organization)"
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Maggio, Amber Rose. "NPR PPMs and the SPS." In Environmental Policy, Non-Product Related Process and Production Methods and the Law of the World Trade Organization, 211–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61155-6_9.
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Haque, Ziaul, and Mujeebur Rahman Khan. "International regulations." In Handbook of invasive plant-parasitic nematodes, 460–68. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247367.0017.
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Abstract The World Trade Organization (WTO)-Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) agreement allows countries to use different standards and different methods of inspection for products. To achieve the targets, international standards need to be developed and the WTO-SPS agreement has assigned responsibilities to the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) to develop standards for plant health and International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures (ISPM). This chapter describes the IPPC as the international standard-setting body for developing international standards, guidelines and recommendations with respect to phytosanitary measures related to trade in food and agriculture. It also discusses the ISPMs, which are the standards, guidelines and recommendations recognized as the basis for phytosanitary measures applied by members of the WTO under the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (the WTO-SPS Agreement). Details of ISPMs related to plant-parasitic nematodes, how to determine their invasiveness and the subjects dealt with in this chapter are summarized.
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Maggio, Amber Rose. "Overview Relevant Case Law Under the SPS Agreement." In Environmental Policy, Non-Product Related Process and Production Methods and the Law of the World Trade Organization, 229–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61155-6_10.
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Voelkl, Kristin E., and Susan B. Gerber. "Organization of Data." In Using SPSS for Windows, 27–38. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3090-6_2.
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Anderson, T. W., Jeremy D. Finn, Susan B. Gerber, and Kristin E. Voelkl. "Organization of Data." In The SPSS Guide to the New Statistical Analysis of Data, 29–40. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2262-0_2.
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Walkowska, Justyna. "Dialogue Organization in Polint-112-SMS." In Human Language Technology. Challenges for Computer Science and Linguistics, 315–26. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20095-3_29.
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Gaudet, Cyndi Huff, and Heather Mire Annulis. "Healthy Sips: Strategic Talent Development." In Cases and Exercises in Organization Development & Change, 139–48. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks California 91320: SAGE Publications, Inc, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781071872734.n16.
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Conde, Felix, Lanhua Li, and Can Huang. "Standard setting organizations, standard essential patents and FRAND terms." In SEPs, SSOs and FRAND, 62–85. New York : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Routledge research in intellectual property: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003000259-4.
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Singh, Harbir. "The Relational Organization: From Relational Rents to Alliance Capability." In The SMS Blackwell Handbook of Organizational Capabilities, 257–63. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781405164054.ch15.
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de Rooij, Mark, and Hsiu-Ting Yu. "The Trend Vector Model: Identification and Estimation in SAS." In Studies in Classification, Data Analysis, and Knowledge Organization, 245–52. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10745-0_26.
Full textConference papers on the topic "SPS (Organization)"
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Naida, Vitalii. "PROSPECTS FOR THE PARTICIPATION OF CADETS OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS OF UKRAINE IN PROVIDING ASSISTANCE TO THE POPULATION IN MARTIAL LAW." In 9th SWS International Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES - ISCSS 2022. SGEM WORLD SCIENCE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35603/sws.iscss.2022/s07.070.
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Using dialectical and systemic methods, the author conducted a thorough analysis of the thematic and organizational aspects of the cadets' assistance to the population in the fields of law, intellectual volunteerism, and public activity, including with the participation of international donor organizations, in cooperation with Ukrainian public organizations, using a virtual environment. Through the prism of the experience of the functioning of the School of Scientific Leadership of the Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs, the author highlights the main features and organizational forms of assistance in the specified areas under martial law. This article can be widely used in the planning of cultural and educational work of departments of social and humanitarian work of universities. The article will also be useful for the organization of Scientific Leadership Schools on the basis of Ukrainian and foreign universities for the organization of scientific, creative, social and international work of students.
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Ukpohor, Excel Theophilus. "Unconventional Leadership: Development Opportunities for Young Professionals." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/212023-ms.
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Abstract With increasing demand on human resource professionals to develop and groom young professionals under tight learning and development budget, unconventional leadership opportunities have to be explored as an option for leadership development. These are leadership opportunities that are not defined within the conventional organizational structures but are indirectly connected to organizational performance and deliveries. Exploring these opportunities provides the human resources practitioners a funnel through which they can deliberately develop young professionals within their organizations. They also provide a lens of leadership quality validation for these young professionals within the organization, thus reinforcing management investment in their leadership programs. These paper examines the various unconventional leadership opportunities available to most oil and gas organizations in Nigeria. The paper also highlights how HR can effectively utilize these opportunities in the leadership development programs for young professionals and also highlights some of the risk associated with this methodology and potential mitigations.
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Lidbury, David, Elisabeth Keim, Bernard Marini, Lorenzo Malerba, Asmahana Zeghadi, Dominique Moinereau, and Abderrahim Al Mazouzi. "Overview of RPV Sub-Project of Perform 60." In ASME 2011 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2011-57551.
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PERFORM 60 (Prediction of the effects of radiation for reactor pressure vessel and in-core materials using multi-scale modelling — 60 years foreseen plant lifetime) is a 48-month project of the 7th Framework of the European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM) being carried out under the auspices of the Directorate General Research, Technology and Development (DG.RTD) of the European Commission. Launched in March 2009, and building on the achievements of PERFECT, a EURATOM 6th Framework project, PERFORM 60 has as its main objective the development of multi-scale modelling tools integrated onto a common software platform, aimed at predicting for PWRs (i) the effects of irradiation on RPV materials (low alloy bainitic steels), (ii) the combined effects of irradiation and corrosion on internals (austenitic stainless steels). Accordingly, PERFORM 60 is based on two main technical sub-projects: SP1 (RPV) and SP2 (Internals). An integration work package within both SP1 and SP2 serves to facilitate software development. A Users’ Group (SP3) supports the main technical sub-projects and allows representatives of constructors, utilities, regulators and research organizations from Europe and further afield to receive the information and training needed to make their own appraisal as to the validity of the developed tools. A significant effort is also being made to train young researchers in the field of physical modelling of materials degradation due to neutron irradiation. Against this background, the paper provides an overview of SP1, highlighting the various models and methods being developed, building on the achievements of PERFECT, to describe the evolution of flow properties of low-alloy steels with irradiation and address their subsequent effects on cleavage fracture behaviour.
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Wattie, J. "Reducing Latent Failure and Securing Productivity in High Risk Systems Using High Reliability Theory." In SPE Energy Resources Conference. SPE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/spe-169932-ms.
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Abstract This is a study that represents ongoing academic research into the folds of perception, organizational culture and high reliability. In the shadow of persistent industrial failures it is probable that problems with operational safety reside in abnormalities of culture. Such cultural apparitions regularly fuel failure in high risk technologies making innovation rather unreliable. As innovation grows it is worth the effort to investigate further how resilience in the face of eternal socio-technical biases can be improved. Problem solving approaches offer regressive ideas that increase the chances of deviation and the appearace of disasters. The assumption is that resilience can be improved in critical operations using High Reliability Theory (HRT). Moreover HRT is more robust when the new constructive method of Appreciative Inquiry (AI) is applied. This early study shows that existing safety culture in a highly reliable group is positively transformed by AI and makes a more productive organization feasible. Research was conducted from the characteristic insider perspective. A small section of a highly reliable organization was sampled. Using ethnographic methodology feedback from electronic surveying collected personal responses for discussion. While individual interviews proved difficult and the sample group was small there was enough evidence to acknowledge the influence of positive revolution. This study had two major findings a) Using AI methodology stimulates positive, resilient feelings in members and b) members readily used these positive experience to envision a more productive organization. This study can potentially reduce over emphasis on problem solving methods to explain and change the human factors associated with failure. Cultural factors are better studied and modified by positive influence. The study here makes way for more persuasive academic discussion on resilience by constructivist perspectives. High reliability organizations are more sustainably designed on positive principles.
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"Organization." In 2014 IX Southern Conference on Programmable Logic (SPL). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/spl.2014.7002198.
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"Organization." In 2007 IEEE/SP 14th Workshop on Statistical Signal Processing. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ssp.2007.4301204.
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Barata, João, and Rui Miguel. "Fashion Designers' Creativity inside Organizations & Job Satisfaction – A case study." In 14th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2023). AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003319.
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Creativity leads to innovation hence to new ways to be more competitive in the current economic situation. Fashion brands and organizations have been improving this magic formula since decades and studies on organizational creativity have bloomed. Originally published in 1939, the Hawthorne experience from Roethlisberger and William (2003), highlighted the importance of the workers’ job satisfaction (JS) to augment the levels of productivity inside organizations (Judge et al., 2001; Őnday, 2016). Regardless of how satisfied a given fashion designer is, one cannot deny that the level of JS will provoke a wave of behaviors and attitudes which will influence every element within the organizational system. In this study, validated correlations are presented to prove and showcase the importance of the fashion designers’ JS, and how it is connected to micro and macro contexts inside the workplace. The 114 (n=114) valid answers to an enquiry aiming to understand the role of different variables influencing the fashion designers’ self-perceived creativity (SPC) inside the organizations, unveiled several and statistical relevant correlations connecting different organizational contexts with workers’ JS. Organizational climate and culture (OCC) and SPC showcased strong correlations with JS (Barata & Miguel, 2022) as well as individual motivation (IM), as suggested by Amabile (1997) when referring that creativity has much to do with loving the work one does and Judge et al., (2001) regarding the role of passion to predict JS. The group climate (GC) presented a moderate influence in the JS rates (Rs=0,547) once group climate can influence trust, autonomy, safety, behaviors, workflow, among other topics within the working teams. As stated in the theory, models and instruments to measure organizational creative climate and innovation (e.g., Amabile & Pratt, 2016; Blomberg & Kallio, 2017; Ekvall, 1996), well defined goals and criteria for excellence (GCE) are correlated to JS in a positive moderate sense (Rs=0,472). The existence of resources (RE) within the workplace are directly linked to increased JS; they are correlated in a moderate and positive way (Rs=0,514) as they are tied to the perception and feeling of how far one’s creative developments may reach (T. M. Amabile & Pratt, 2016; Andriopoulos & Lewis, 2010; Epstein et al., 2013; Woodman et al., 1993).Considering the positive correlations (0 to 1), the study provides clear evidence of unidirectional symbiotic ratio between JS, IM, SPC, OCC, GC, GCE and RE.
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"SafeThings 2019 Organization." In 2019 IEEE Security and Privacy Workshops (SPW). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/spw.2019.00011.
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"WTMC 2019 Organization." In 2019 IEEE Security and Privacy Workshops (SPW). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/spw.2019.00013.
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"SPL 2019 Organization." In 2019 X Southern Conference on Programmable Logic (SPL). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/spl.2019.8714569.
Full textReports on the topic "SPS (Organization)"
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Yimam, Muhsin, Tadesse Teshome, Alemayehu Assefa, Demeke Samaro, Minilek Kefale, Solomon Petros, Jo Weeks, Amsalu Ayana, and Herman Snel. Training manual on Seed Producer Cooperatives (SPCs) module: organization and management of SPCs. Wageningen: Wageningen Centre for Development Innovation, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/536872.
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Madhusudan, Aarti, and Pallavi Wagle. EFFECTIVE BOARDS EFFECTIVE ORGANISATIONS. Indian School Of Development Management, September 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.58178/scb.osdrep.2023sep.
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This report discusses the value and role of an effective Board beyond the statutory requirement for SPOs in India. The law mandates a minimum number of trustees/governing Board members for registration of an SPO and some guidelines for their functioning. However, there is limited emphasis on good governance practices within the legal mandates. The report explores the need for SPOs to think about their Boards strategically and invest in strengthening them. It also discusses the importance of Advisory Councils as a supporting governance constituent. The report also refers to factors that create an effective Board. A competent chief functionary supported by a Board with skills in strategic thinking, organisation development, business and market acumen, complementing and supporting the executive team in various areas, will result in effectively governing the organization.
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Ferry, Kam. Compensation Benchmarking in the Indian Social Sector Report. Indian School Of Development Management, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.58178/2209.1006.
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This report presents the key findings from the study on compensation benchmarking in the Indian social sector. Drawing from a sample of 75 Indian social purpose organizations(SPOs), it provides an insight into the existing compensation practices across a typology of roles and SPOs. It also presents the status of social sector compensation as compared to the general industry compensation.
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Santa Florez, Ricardo Alberto. Base de datos PlosOne-EI-OCB-Lidership-O. Editorial CESA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.57130/cesa.4947.
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Base de datos para en formato SPSS para el artículo de la revista científica Plos One titulado: The impact of emotional intelligence on operational effectiveness: The mediating role of organizational citizenship behavior and leadership
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Boehm, Ted W., and Jim Handy. Central HMA Acceptance Lab Process Improvement Implementation Plan Project. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317130.
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The Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) Central Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) Acceptance Lab was opened on March 29, 2018 at the Office of Materials Management (OMM) facility in Indianapolis. The state-of-the-art lab conducts acceptance testing on HMA samples from INDOT’s Crawfordsville and Greenfield districts, as well as testing of appeals samples from the other four INDOT districts. Each HMA sample undergoes multiple sequences acceptance testing processes. In 2019, project SPR-4353 “Central HMA Acceptance Lab Process Improvement Project” was conducted with the goal to improve organization, flow of work and efficiency in the central region HMA Acceptance Lab for all tests done, and provide implementation leading to the reduction of turnaround time from six days to four days. This project follows key recommended actions from SPR-4353 to implementation.
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Nagahi, Morteza, Niamat Ullah Ibne Hossain, Safae El Amrani, Raed Jaradat, Laya Khademibami, Simon Goerger, and Randy Buchanan. Investigating the influence of demographics and personality types on practitioners' level of systems thinking skills. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43622.
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Although the application of systems thinking (ST) has become essential for practitioners when dealing with turbulent and complex environments, there are limited studies available in the current literature that investigate how the ST skills of practitioners vary with regard to demographic factors and personality types (PTs). To address this gap, this article uses a structural equation modeling approach to explore the relationship be-tween practitioners’ ST skills, PT, and a set of demographic factors. The demographic factors included in the study are education level, the field of the highest degree, organizational ownership structure, job experience, and current occupation type. A total of 99 engineering managers, 104 systems engineers (SEs), and 55 practitioners with other occupations participated in this article. Results showed that the education level, the field of the highest degree, PT, organizational ownership structure, and current job experience of practitioners influenced their level of ST skills. Additionally, the current occupation type of practitioners partially affects their level of ST skills. An in-depth analysis was also conducted using multiple group analysis to show how seven ST skills of the practitioners vary across their level of education. Taken together, the findings of the study suggest that PT and a set of demographic factors influence the overall ST skill of the practitioners.
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Alexander, Serena E., Ahoura Zandiatashbar, and Branka Tatarevic. Fragmented or Aligned Climate Action: Assessing Linkages Between Regional and Local Planning Efforts to Meet Transportation Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction Targets. Mineta Transportation Institute, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2146.
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Amid the rising climate change concerns, California enacted Senate Bill 375 (SB 375) to tackle transportation greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. SB 375 requires Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs) to develop a Sustainable Communities Strategy (SCS), a regional transportation and land use vision plan, to reduce GHG emissions. Meanwhile, a local government can develop a Climate Action Plan (CAP), a non-binding, voluntary plan to reduce GHG emissions that may align with the regional SCS. Recent progress reports indicate California is not making sufficient progress to meet SB 375 emissions reduction targets, which raises important questions: (1) Are the transportation and land use strategies and targets in SCS plans reflected in the local plans to build sustainable communities? (2) Does the alignment of regional and local transportation and land use strategies mitigate GHG emissions through vehicle trip reduction? (3) How different are the effects of independent local action and alignment of local and regional actions on vehicle trip reduction? Through an in-depth content analysis of plans and policies developed by five MPOs and 20 municipalities and a quantitative analysis of the impact of local and regional strategy alignment on vehicle trip reduction over time, this study shows that the patterns of local and regional climate policy are diverse across the state, but poor alignment is not necessarily a sign of limited climate action at the local level. Cities with a long climate-planning history and the capacity to act innovatively can lead regional efforts or adopt their own independent approach. Nonetheless, there are clear patterns of common strategies in local and regional plans, such as active transportation strategies and planning for densification and land use diversity. Well-aligned regional and local level climate-friendly infrastructure appear to have the most significant impact on vehicle-trip reduction, on average a 7% decrease in vehicle trips. Yet, many local-level strategies alone, such as for goods movement, urban forest strategies, parking requirements, and education and outreach programs, are effective in vehicle-trip reduction. A major takeaway from this research is that although local and regional climate policy alignment can be essential for reducing vehicle trips, local action is equally important.
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Weller, Joel, Harris Lewin, Micha Ron, and George Wiggans. Detection and Mapping of Genes Affecting Traits of Economic Importance in Dairy Cattle with the Aid of Molecular Genetic Markers. United States Department of Agriculture, December 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7613024.bard.
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Forty-seven poly-TG microsatellites were developed at the U of IL, and 11 genetic markers were developed at ARO, nine of which were poly-AGC microsatellites. Markers were typed on the reference families of CSIRO, Australia; GRANADA, Texas; and IRRF, Illinois, for chromosome assignment and linkage mapping. Nine North American al organizations contributed semen to the Dairy Bull DNA Repository (DBDR), which currently has 65,743 units from 3366 bulls. Semen was obtained for 31 out of 35 grandsires. Semen of 28 and 23 sons of two Israeli bulls was also collected. Eighteen grandsires were genotyped for 75 microsatellites. One thousand, three hundred and sixty-two sons with evaluation from 17 families were genotyped for 24 markers. Eleven thousand, six hundred and twenty sons genotypes were determined, of which 8,802 were informative. The genotype data was matched to the bulls' daughter yield deviations (DYD) for seven traits; milk, fat, and protein production; fat and protein percent; somatic cell concentration (SCS); and productive herd life. Seven loci had significant effects at p<0.05, but only two loci, TGLA263 and MGTG7, had significant effects at p<0.01, and the effect of TGLA263 on fat percentage was significant at p<0.0001. There was at least one significant effect for each of the seven traits analyzed.
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Mbabzi, Kikundwa Emma. Standardisation of Staff Training to Increase Efficiency. Purdue University, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317427.
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In any industry or organization, personnel training is emphasized with reference to National Regulatory Authorities (NRAs) guidelines and other globally accepted guidelines. In spite of many refresher training programs, the pharmaceutical industry still faces significant variations in individual/ team efficiency and productivity. Individuals/teams given the same task, SOPs, environment and materials continue to produce significantly different results reflecting the possibility of operating on different sets of theoretical and practical information, which may stem from differing trainer, training program or training method. This study focused on using a standardized manual for training two teams A and B involved in vaccine production, as a tool to increase employee efficiency, productivity and quality, at a Livestock vaccine manufacturing company, with an objective to shorten the supply chain of vaccines (starting with Newcastle disease vaccine I-2 strain) to improve product quality, availability and affordability up to rural household level and back yard farmers. Baseline data was collected from four pre-training production batches and compared with data collected from three post-training production batches. The results showed that a tailored standardized training was effective in achieving the same level of efficiency, regardless of how late or soon the member joined the facility, and who conducted the training. The process of training staff, using a company tailored standardized manual, was shown to be successful within this company’s set up and could potentially be applied to other industries that are struggling with implementation of uniform information to their staff.
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Costello, Ronald J. A Literature Review, Bibliographic Listing, and Organization of Selected References Relative to Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) and Abiotic and Biotic Attributes of the Columbia River Estuary and Adjacent Marine and Riverine Environs for Various Historical Periods : Measure 7.1A of the Northwest Power Planning Council`s 1994 Fish and Wildlife Program : Report 4 of 4, Final Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/369712.
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