Journal articles on the topic 'Sprint Phases'
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Matzenbacher, Fernando, Bruno Natale Pasquarelli, Felipe Nunes Rabelo, Antônio Carlos Dourado, Julia Zoccolaro Durigan, Hélcio Gonçalves Rossi, and Luiz Cláudio Reeberg Stanganelli. "Adaptações nas capacidades físicas de atletas de futsal da categoria sub 18 no decorrer de uma temporada competitiva." Brazilian Journal of Kinanthropometry and Human Performance 18, no. 1 (March 16, 2016): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2016v18n1p50.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2016v18n1p50 The aim of this study was to verify and to analyze adaptations on physical and physiological variables of futsal athletes during the pre-competitive and competitive phases of a training macrocycle. The sample was composed of nine Under-18 futsal athletes who performed the following tests: vertical jump, 10 and 30-meter linear sprint, repeated sprint ability test, Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 and VO2máx. Based on the qualitative analysis of the change magnitude, it was possible to verify adaptations from training for the vertical jump test (certainly positive), 10-meter linear sprint (likely decrease), 30-meter linear sprint (irrelevant), repeated sprint ability test for best sprint (irrelevant), mean of sprints (likely decrease), fatigue index (likely decrease), YYIRI (likely increase), VO2máx (likely decrease) and speed of VO2máx (likely increase). Thus, it was possible to verify that training-induced adaptations were positive since athletes improved their performance for the most control tests for each physical capacities of futsal (vertical jumps, 10-meter linear sprint, and repeated agility sprint test for the mean of sprints and fatigue index and aerobic resistance. Therefore, data have shown that athletes improved their physical performance considering the characteristics of futsal during training throughout a macrocycle.
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Jones, Robyn, Ian Bezodis, and Andy Thompson. "Coaching Sprinting: Expert Coaches' Perception of Race Phases and Technical Constructs." International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 4, no. 3 (September 2009): 385–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/174795409789623964.
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The general aim of this study was explore expert coaches' technical knowledge of sprint running. The first of two principal objectives related to discovering whether expert coaches divided a sprint race into distinct phases and, if so, which and how many phases. The second objective was to examine the good technique characteristics associated with each phase. Participants for the study comprised seven expert track and field sprint coaches. Findings indicated that the respondents broke sprinting down into three technical phases, the start, the pick-up/drive and the maintenance phase. Important constructs were associated with each phase, which both supported and conflicted with the limited literature available. The principal finding of this study, however, relates to the current dearth of knowledge about good sprint-running technique, an area which requires considerable further investigation before definitive lines of good practice can be confidently applied.
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Ntoumas, Nounos, Ioannidis, and Voutselas. "Acceleration and Maximum Running Phases in 60-m Sprint and Vertical Jump Performance." Proceedings 25, no. 1 (September 2, 2019): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019025021.
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AIM: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the correlation between acceleration and maximum running phase in 60-m sprint and vertical jump performance. Furthermore, to investigate the factors that affect the acceleration phase, maximum running phase, and overall 60-m sprint performance. MATERIAL & METHOD: Participants were 25 young amateur athletes, aged 18 ± 1 years, with body mass 64.64 ± 13.39 kg and body height 1.71 ± 0.11 m. We examined the correlation between the acceleration phase (0–30 m) and maximum running phase (30–60 m) and 60-m sprint performance, measured with photocells (Optojump), and vertical jump performance (take-off velocity, jump height, maximal velocity, maximal power), measured with a force plate (Bertec). Pearson correlation was used to examine the correlation between the forementioned parameters (SPSS, v. 21). RESULTS: There was a correlation between jump height and 60-m sprint performance (r = −0.713, p < 0.001), maximum running phase (r = −0.512, p = 0.15), and a weak correlation with acceleration phase (r = −0.495, p = 0.19). There was a correlation between take-off velocity and 60-m sprint performance (r = −0.732, p < 0.001), maximum running phase (r = −0.553, p = 0.08), and a weak correlation with acceleration phase (r = −0.472, p = 0.27). There was a weak correlation between maximal velocity, acceleration phase (r = 0.439, p = 0.41), and 60-m sprint performance (r = 0.438, p = 0.42). There was a correlation between maximal power and 60-m sprint performance (r = −0.739, p < 0.001), acceleration phase (p = −0.635, p = 0.02), and a weak correlation with maximum running phase (r = −0.437, p = 0.042). There was a correlation between 60-m sprint performance and maximum running phase (r = 0.792, p < 0.001) and acceleration phase (r = 0.596, p = 0.03). Finally, there was a correlation between body height and 60-m sprint performance (r = −0.738, p = 0.02) and maximum running phase (r = −0.666, p = 0.07). CONCLUSIONS: According to our results, 60-m sprint performance was highly correlated with body height, maximum running phase and all the vertical jump parameters (explosive power), except for maximal power, which had a high correlation with the acceleration phase (sprint acceleration).
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Sandbakk, Øyvind, Matt Spencer, Gertjan Ettema, Silvana Bucher Sandbakk, Knut Skovereng, and Boye Welde. "The Physiology and Biomechanics of Upper-Body Repeated Sprints in Ice Sledge Hockey." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 9, no. 1 (January 2014): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2012-0355.
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Purpose:To investigate performance and the associated physiological and biomechanical responses during upper-body repeated-sprint work.Methods:Twelve male ice sledge hockey players from the Norwegian national team performed eight 30-m sprints with start every 30 s and an active recovery between sprints. Time was captured every 10 m by photocells, cycle length and rate were determined by video analyses, and heart rate and blood lactate concentration were measured by conventional methods.Results:The percentage sprint decrement was 7% over the 8 trials, with significant reductions in performance from the previous trial already on the second trial (all P < .05). Furthermore, cycle rate was reduced by 9% over the 8 trials (P < .05). Similar changes in performance and kinematic patterns were evident for all 10-m phases of the sprints. Heart rate gradually increased to 94% of maximal (178 ± 10 beats/min) over the 8 trials, and the mean reduction in heart rate was 7 ± 2 beats/min during the 22–24 s of active recovery for all trials (all P < .05). The blood lactate concentration increased to the athletes’ maximal levels over the 8 sprints (P < .05).Conclusions:This is the first study to investigate performance, physiological, and biomechanical aspects of self-propelled upperbody repeated-sprint work. The observed sprint decrement over the 8 trials was associated with reductions in cycle rates and high physiological demands. However, no kinematic and physiological characteristics were significantly correlated to repeated-sprint ability or the sprint decrement.
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Petrakis, Dimitrios, Eleni Bassa, Anastasia Papavasileiou, Anthi Xenofondos, and Dimitrios A. Patikas. "Backward Running: Acute Effects on Sprint Performance in Preadolescent Boys." Sports 8, no. 4 (April 23, 2020): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports8040055.
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The aim of this study was to examine the acute effect of backward running (BwR) during warm-up on a 20-m sprint of boys’ performance, compared to forward running (FwR). Fourteen recreationally active preadolescent boys (aged 12.5 ± 0.5 years) were examined in 3 protocols: warm-up (control condition), warm-up with 3 × 10 m additional BwR sprints and warm-up with 3 × 10 m additional FwR sprints. Participants were evaluated 4 minutes after each protocol on a 20-m sprint and intermediate distances, as well as the rate of perceived exertion (RPE). Sprint speed across 10-20 m was significantly higher for the BwR warm-up compared to the regular warm-up (p < 0.05) and a significantly higher RPE after the BwR and FwR protocols compared to the control condition was recorded (p < 0.05). No significant difference was detected across the distances 0–5, 5–10, 0–10 and 0–20 m. Although adding 3 × 10-m sprints of BwR or FwR after the warm-up did not enhance performance in a 20 m sprint of preadolescent boys, the positive effect of BwR across 10–20 m distance suggests that BwR could be an alternative means for enhancing performance for certain phases of a sprint for this age. However, preadolescent boys’ response to different sprint conditioning exercise stimuli and the optimization of rest time to maximize performance remain to be determined.
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García-Pinillos, Felipe, Pascual Bujalance-Moreno, Carlos Lago-Fuentes, Santiago A. Ruiz-Alias, Irma Domínguez-Azpíroz, Marcos Mecías-Calvo, and Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo. "Effects of the Menstrual Cycle on Jumping, Sprinting and Force-Velocity Profiling in Resistance-Trained Women: A Preliminary Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9 (April 30, 2021): 4830. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094830.
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The aim of this study was to examine the effects of the menstrual cycle on vertical jumping, sprint performance and force-velocity profiling in resistance-trained women. A group of resistance-trained eumenorrheic women (n = 9) were tested in three phases over the menstrual cycle: bleeding phase, follicular phase, and luteal phase (i.e., days 1–3, 7–10, and 19–21 of the cycle, respectively). Each testing phase consisted of a battery of jumping tests (i.e., squat jump [SJ], countermovement jump [CMJ], drop jump from a 30 cm box [DJ30], and the reactive strength index) and 30 m sprint running test. Two different applications for smartphone (My Jump 2 and My Sprint) were used to record the jumping and sprinting trials, respectively, at high speed (240 fps). The repeated measures ANOVA reported no significant differences (p ≥ 0.05, ES < 0.25) in CMJ, DJ30, reactive strength index and sprint times between the different phases of the menstrual cycle. A greater SJ height performance was observed during the follicular phase compared to the bleeding phase (p = 0.033, ES = −0.22). No differences (p ≥ 0.05, ES < 0.45) were found in the CMJ and sprint force-velocity profile over the different phases of the menstrual cycle. Vertical jump, sprint performance and the force-velocity profiling remain constant in trained women, regardless of the phase of the menstrual cycle.
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Ahmed, Bilal Ali. "Special Training According to Power Law and Its Effect on Some Kinetical Indicators and Achievement in 100m Sprint Under 20 Years Old." Journal of Physical Education 32, no. 3 (September 28, 2020): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.37359/jope.v32(3)2020.1023.
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100m sprints is characterized by many technical artistic phases starting from the launch to acceleration and maintaining a speed that requires a great level of legs’ power to change speed positively. All these phases require special training thus the researcher aimed at designing special training according to power law to specify training intensity using distances and times. The importance of the research lies in designing training according to power law as well as identifying the effect of this training on the level of 100m sprint achievement. Many variables were measured including pushing time during lunch; performance power average during sprinting using dynafoot for measuring legs’ power and 100m performance time was also measured. The training was applied on 10 sprinters from Athletic clubs in Baghdad that consisted of (24) training sessions during the preparation phase. The researcher concluded a great development in the level of power during sprinting as well as an increase in the level of power push during lunch in 100m sprinter and development in 100m sprint achievement.
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Nagahara, Ryu, Mirai Mizutani, Akifumi Matsuo, Hiroaki Kanehisa, and Tetsuo Fukunaga. "Association of Sprint Performance With Ground Reaction Forces During Acceleration and Maximal Speed Phases in a Single Sprint." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 34, no. 2 (April 2018): 104–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2016-0356.
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Bezodis, Ian N., David G. Kerwin, Stephen-Mark Cooper, and Aki I. T. Salo. "Sprint Running Performance and Technique Changes in Athletes During Periodized Training: An Elite Training Group Case Study." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 13, no. 6 (July 1, 2018): 755–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2017-0378.
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Purpose: To understand how training periodization influences sprint performance and key step characteristics over an extended training period in an elite sprint training group. Methods: Four sprinters were studied during 5 mo of training. Step velocities, step lengths, and step frequencies were measured from video of the maximum velocity phase of training sprints. Bootstrapped mean values were calculated for each athlete for each session, and 139 within-athlete, between-sessions comparisons were made with a repeated-measures analysis of variance. Results: As training progressed, a link in the changes in velocity and step frequency was maintained. There were 71 between-sessions comparisons with a change in step velocity yielding at least a large effect size (>1.2), of which 73% had a correspondingly large change in step frequency in the same direction. Within-athlete mean session step length remained relatively constant throughout. Reductions in step velocity and frequency occurred during training phases of high-volume lifting and running, with subsequent increases in step velocity and frequency happening during phases of low-volume lifting and high-intensity sprint work. Conclusions: The importance of step frequency over step length to the changes in performance within a training year was clearly evident for the sprinters studied. Understanding the magnitudes and timings of these changes in relation to the training program is important for coaches and athletes. The underpinning neuromuscular mechanisms require further investigation but are likely explained by an increase in force-producing capability followed by an increase in the ability to produce that force rapidly.
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Forster, James W. D., Aaron M. Uthoff, Michael C. Rumpf, and John B. Cronin. "Training to Improve Pro-Agility Performance: A Systematic Review." Journal of Human Kinetics 85, no. 1 (December 21, 2022): 35–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2022-0108.
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Abstract Effective directional change in sport is imperative to success in key game situations. Change of direction (COD) ability is underpinned by various athletic qualities which can be developed through specific and non-specific training methods. This review examined the effect of specific and non-specific training methods on pro-agility performance, by analysing the intervention type and resulting magnitude of training effects on pro-agility shuttle performance. A total of 20 studies were included for review. Data from 638 subjects and 29 intervention groups involving seven different training methods were extracted and analysed in relation to training method classification and primary outcome measures. Interventions involving sprint training, plyometric training, resistance training, and combined resistance, plyometric, and sprint training were found to produce statistically significant positive change on pro-agility performance per session (p < 0.05). Sprint training (0.108 ES), plyometric training (0.092 ES), resistance training (0.087 ES), and combined resistance, plyometric, and sprint training (0.078 ES) methods were found to have the highest per session training effect. While total time is the typical unit of measure for this test, different types of training may lead to preferential improvements in either acceleration, deceleration, or COD phases of the pro-agility shuttle. Specifically, resisted or inclined sprinting may develop the linear acceleration phases, unilateral resistance training may promote increased strength to overcome the imposed forces during the deceleration and COD phases, multiplanar plyometrics can help enhance stretch-shortening cycle capabilities across different force vectors, and a combination of two or more of these methods may enable simultaneous development of each of these qualities.
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Utami, Tri Setyo, Bambang Purwanto, and Edy Mintarto. "NEUROMUSCULAR TAPING TEKNIK KOMPRESI MENINGKATKAN EXPLOSIVE POWER DAN MAXIMUM SPEED LARI 100 METER." Care : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Kesehatan 8, no. 3 (November 2, 2020): 464. http://dx.doi.org/10.33366/jc.v8i3.1304.
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Sprint 100 meter that has sprint phase such as acceleration, maximum speed, and deceleration which can improvement performance in sprinting ability. The aim of this study to showing effect of neuromuscular taping compression technique on explosive power and sprint 100 meter to provide increased muscle functional ability, tendon efficiency, and joint stability by stimulating the nerves. This study is an experimental research field with a pre-test and post-test control group design. Twenty-two samples were selected from the population of East Java sprint athletes based on the consecutive sampling technique which was divided into two groups randomly. Neuromuscular compression technique are given Intervention in the gastrocnemius area on treatment group after pre-test. The explosive power are using tandem vertical jump test measurenment and infared electrics time respectively.The paired sample T-test are showing increases in expolsive power in the gastrocnemius and sprint 100 meter maximum phases (p
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Girard, Olivier, Franck Brocherie, Jean-Benoit Morin, Francis Degache, and Grégoire P. Millet. "Comparison of Four Sections for Analyzing Running Mechanics Alterations During Repeated Treadmill Sprints." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 31, no. 5 (October 2015): 389–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2015-0049.
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We compared different approaches to analyze running mechanics alterations during repeated treadmill sprints. Thirteen active male athletes performed five 5-second sprints with 25 seconds of recovery on an instrumented treadmill. This approach allowed continuous measurement of running kinetics/kinematics and calculation of vertical and leg stiffness variables that were subsequently averaged over 3 distinct sections of the 5-second sprint (steps 2–5, 7–10, and 12–15) and for all steps (steps 2–15). Independently from the analyzed section, propulsive power and step frequency decreased with fatigue, while contact time and step length increased (P < .05). Except for step frequency, all mechanical variables varied (P < .05) across sprint sections. The only parameters that highly depend on running velocity (propulsive power and vertical stiffness) showed a significant interaction (P < .05) between the analyzed sections, with smaller magnitude of fatigue-induced change observed for steps 2–5. Considering all steps or only a few steps during early, middle, or late phases of 5-second sprints provides similar mechanical outcomes during repeated treadmill sprinting, although acceleration induces noticeable differences between the sections studied. Furthermore, quantifying mechanical alterations from the early acceleration phase may not be readily detectable, and is not recommended.
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Mara, Jocelyn K., Kevin G. Thompson, Kate L. Pumpa, and Nick B. Ball. "Periodization and Physical Performance in Elite Female Soccer Players." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 10, no. 5 (July 2015): 664–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2014-0345.
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Purpose:To investigate the variation in training demands, physical performance, and player well-being across a women’s soccer season.Methods:Seventeen elite female players wore GPS tracking devices during every training session (N = 90) throughout 1 national-league season. Intermittent high-speed-running capacity and 5-, 15-, and 25-m-sprint testing were conducted at the beginning of preseason, end of preseason, midseason, and end of season. In addition, subjective well-being measures were selfreported daily by players over the course of the season.Results:Time over 5 m was lowest at the end of preseason (mean 1.148 s, SE 0.017 s) but then progressively deteriorated to the end of the season (P < .001). Sprint performance over 15 m improved by 2.8% (P = .013) after preseason training, while 25-m-sprint performance peaked at midseason, with a 3.1% (P = .05) improvement from the start of preseason, before declining at the end of season (P = .023). Training demands varied between phases, with total distance and high-speed distance greatest during preseason before decreasing (P < .001) during the early- and late-season phases. Endurance capacity and well-being measures did not change across training phases.Conclusions:Monitoring training demands and subsequent physical performance in elite female soccer players allow coaches to ensure that training periodization goals are being met and related positive training adaptations are being elicited.
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Sayers, Adam L., Richard S. Farley, Dana K. Fuller, Colby B. Jubenville, and Jennifer L. Caputo. "The Effect of Static Stretching on Phases of Sprint Performance in Elite Soccer Players." Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 22, no. 5 (September 2008): 1416–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0b013e318181a450.
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Sayers, Adam, Jennifer L. Caputo, Richard S. Farley, Dana K. Fuller, and Colby B. Jubenville. "The Effect of Static Stretching on Phases of Sprint Performance in Elite Soccer Players." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 39, Supplement (May 2007): 212–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000273799.30161.0a.
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Babiker, Abdelelah Elgasim, Adil Mahmoud, and Alameen Abdalrahman. "Sprint Backlog Estimating and Planning Using Planning Poker Technique in Agile Scrum Framework." International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering 8, no. 5 (May 30, 2018): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.23956/ijarcsse.v8i5.686.
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Today and during the recent years, Agile Product Development Framework has been common used framework for software development particularly, Scrum is the most widely known methodology under the umbrella of agile, including many sprints to manage the development process of software. One of the most important terms in each scrum sprint is the planning and estimation phase. Many techniques to plan the sprint backlog and specify the required time and resources to perform each single backlog item. As some of planning techniques as Planning Poker, T-Shirt Sizes and Relative Mass Valuation. Planning Poker is considered an effective and powerful technique according to its algorithm of work which evolves the whole team members estimation to user stories backlog. Planning Poker gets the backlog items and input and gives the well estimated tasks and output. Planning Poker helps the product owners and scrum team to successfully estimate the work that ensures working Relative Value Points Return On Investment goals specified since the beginning of the software development life cycle phases. The importance of Planning Poker is in giving the optimum estimation with consideration to high priority backlog items and user stories.
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Ciacci, Simone, Rocco Di Michele, and Franco Merni. "Kinematic analysis of the braking and propulsion phases during the support time in sprint running." Gait & Posture 31, no. 2 (February 2010): 209–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2009.10.007.
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Correas-Gómez, Lorena, José Ramón Alvero-Cruz, Jesús Barrera-Expósito, and Elvis A. Carnero. "Predictors of Initial Acceleration and Maximum Speed Phases of Sprint Running in Children and Adolescents." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 50, no. 5S (May 2018): 510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000536762.36621.d7.
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Hicks, Dylan Shaun, Claire Drummond, Kym J. Williams, and Roland van den Tillaar. "Exploratory Analysis of Sprint Force-Velocity Characteristics, Kinematics and Performance across a Periodized Training Year: A Case Study of Two National Level Sprint Athletes." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 22 (November 21, 2022): 15404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192215404.
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Objective: This case study aimed to explore changes to sprint force-velocity characteristics across a periodized training year (45 weeks) and the influence on sprint kinematics and performance in national level 100-meter athletes. Force-velocity characteristics have been shown to differentiate between performance levels in sprint athletes, yet limited information exists describing how characteristics change across a season and impact sprint performance, therefore warranting further research. Methods: Two male national level 100-meter athletes (Athlete 1: 22 years, 1.83 m, 81.1 kg, 100 m time: 10.47 s; Athlete 2: 19 years, 1.82 cm, 75.3 kg, 100 m time: 10.81 s) completed 12 and 11 force-velocity assessments, respectively, using electronic timing gates. Sprint mechanical characteristics were derived from 30-meter maximal sprint efforts using split times (i.e., 0–10 m, 0–20 m, 0–30 m) whereas step kinematics were established from 100-meter competition performance using video analysis. Results: Between the preparation (PREP) and competition (COMP) phase, Athlete 1 showed significantly large within-athlete effects for relative maximal power (PMAX), theoretical maximal velocity (v0), maximum ratio of force (RFMAX), maximal velocity (VMAX), and split time from 0 to 20 m and 0 to 30 m (−1.70 ≤ ES ≥ 1.92, p ≤ 0.05). Athlete 2 reported significant differences with large effects for relative maximal force (F0) and RFMAX only (ES: ≤ −1.46, p ≤ 0.04). In the PREP phase, both athletes reported almost perfect correlations between F0, PMAX and 0–20 m (r = −0.99, p ≤ 0.01), however in the COMP phase, the relationships between mechanical characteristics and split times were more individual. Competition performance in the 100-meter sprint (10.64 ± 0.24 s) showed a greater reliance on step length (r ≥ −0.72, p ≤ 0.001) than step frequency to achieve faster performances. The minimal detectable change (%) across mechanical variables ranged from 1.3 to 10.0% while spatio-temporal variables were much lower, from 0.94 to 1.48%, with Athlete 1 showing a higher ‘true change’ in performance across the season compared to Athlete 2. Conclusions: The estimated sprint force-velocity data collected across a training year may provide insight to practitioners about the underpinning mechanical characteristics which affect sprint performance during specific phases of training, plus how a periodized training design may enhance sprint force-velocity characteristics and performance outcomes.
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Sharma, Avish P., David J. Bentley, Gaizka Mejuto, and Naroa Etxebarria. "A Contemporary Variable-Power Cycling Protocol to Discriminate Race-Specific Performance Ability." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 15, no. 9 (October 1, 2020): 1309–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2019-0558.
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Purpose: Traditional physiological testing and monitoring tools have restricted our ability to capture parameters that best relate to cycling performance under variable-intensity race demands. This study examined the validity of a 1-h variable cycling test (VCT) to discriminate between different-performance-level cyclists. Methods: Ten male national- and 13 club-level cyclists (body mass, 67 [9] and 79 [6] kg; peak power output, 359 [43] and 362 [21] W, respectively) completed a VO2max test and two 1-h VCT protocols on 3 separate occasions. The VCT consisted of 10 × 6-min segments containing prescribed (3.5 W·kg−1) and open-ended phases. The open-ended phases consisted of 4 × 30–40 s of “recovery,” 3 × 10 s at “hard” intensity, and 3 × 6-s “sprint” with a final 10-s “all-out” effort. Results: Power output for the 6- and 10-s phases was moderately higher for the national- compared with club-level cyclists (mean [SD] 10.4 [2.0] vs 8.6 [1.6] W·kg−1, effect size; ±90% confidence limits = −0.87; ±0.65 and mean [SD] 7.5 [0.7] vs 6.2 [1.0] W·kg−1, effect size; ±90% confidence limits = −1.24; ±0.66, respectively). Power output for the final 10-s “all-out” sprint was 15.4 (1.5) for the national- versus 13.2 (1.9) W·kg−1 for club-level cyclists. Conclusion: The 1-h VCT can successfully differentiate repeat high-intensity effort performance between higher-caliber cyclists and their lower-performing counterparts.
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Rollo, Ian, George Homewood, Clyde Williams, James Carter, and Vicky L. Goosey-Tolfrey. "The Influence of Carbohydrate Mouth Rinse on Self-Selected Intermittent Running Performance." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 25, no. 6 (December 2015): 550–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2015-0001.
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This study investigated the influence of mouth rinsing a carbohydrate solution on self-selected intermittent variable-speed running performance. Eleven male amateur soccer players completed a modified version of the Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test (LIST) on 2 occasions separated by 1 wk. The modified LIST allowed the self-selection of running speeds during Block 6 of the protocol (75–90 min). Players rinsed and expectorated 25 ml of noncaloric placebo (PLA) or 10% maltodextrin solution (CHO) for 10 s, routinely during Block 6 of the LIST. Self-selected speeds during the walk and cruise phases of the LIST were similar between trials. Jogging speed was significantly faster during the CHO (11.3 ± 0.7 km·h−1) than during the PLA trial (10.5 ± 1.3 km · h−1) (p = .010); 15-m sprint speeds were not different between trials (PLA: 2.69 ± 0.18 s: CHO: 2.65 ± 0.13 s) (F(2, 10), p = .157), but significant benefits were observed for sprint distance covered (p = .024). The threshold for the smallest worthwhile change in sprint performance was set at 0.2 s. Inferential statistical analysis showed the chance that CHO mouth rinse was beneficial, negligible, or detrimental to repeated sprint performance was 86%, 10%, and 4%, respectively. In conclusion, mouth rinsing and expectorating a 10% maltodextrin solution was associated with a significant increase in self-selected jogging speed. Repeated 15-m sprint performance was also 86% likely to benefit from routinely mouth rinsing a carbohydrate solution in comparison with a taste-matched placebo.
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Pratiwi, Fajri Rahma, and Anung Rachman. "Rancang Bangun Iklan Web Banner Clothing Menggunakan Google Web Designer Pendekatan Metode Design Sprint." Jurnal Tekno Kompak 15, no. 2 (August 17, 2021): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.33365/jtk.v15i2.1243.
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Abstrak−Internet dapat digunakan sebagai media untuk melakukan bisnis dengan membangun sebuah website yang mempermudah dalam strategi promosi dan informasi produk. Tidak dapat disangkal bahwa tampilan sebuah situs web yang menarik dan mudah untuk digunakan akan lebih banyak dikunjungi orang. Agar tujuan akhir dari situs web tersebut dapat tercapai yaitu produk dapat dilirik oleh masyarakat luas melalui iklan web yang akan dirancang. merupakan ringkasan singkat dari makalah untuk membantu pembaca cepat memastikan tujuan penelitian dan sesuai dengan kebutuhan penelitian. Spanduk web adalah bentuk iklan yang dipakai di jaringan Internet. Bentuk iklan menarik perhatian ke penjelajah supaya tertarik mengunjungi situs web yang dimaksud. Spanduk ini biasanya dibuat menggunakan format gambar (JPG, GIF, PNG), skrip java dan objek multimedia lainnya. Spanduk modern bahkan sudah disertai penemuan suara dan animasi sehingga terlihat lebih menarik. Ada berbagai ukuran yang dipakai pada iklan mulai dari yang sangat kecil, melebar, memanjang hingga ada yang melintang. Y.S.I.Y (Your Smile Is Yours) usaha berbasis clothing yang dibuat pada tahun 2020 Semua artikel yang dibuat memiliki arti dan tujuan untuk lebih menyayangi diri sendiri dengan ilustrasi beraliran Pop Art. Pangsa pasar yang dituju adalah pegiat seni jalanan, olahraga jalanan dikalangan anak muda seperti Skateboard hingga komunitas sepeda BMX. Menggunakan sablon kualitas plastisol premium dan kaos kualitas cotton combed 30s. Rancang bangun iklan web banner pada penelitian yang sedang dirancang ini menggunakan pendekatan metode design sprint. . Pada metode design sprint dibagi menjadi 2 (dua) bagian yaitu design sprint planning dan design sprint phases and methods. Setiap bagian utama design sprint dapat dicabangkan kembali ke dalam langkah atau tahapan yang terstruktur. Metode design sprint merupakan metode yang tepat karena merancang ulang desain ini berfokus agar pengguna mengetahui semua fitur yang bisa lebih memanjakan pengguna, dengan kata lain, metode design sprint merupakan metode yang sangat komunikatif dan juga interaktif untuk mengeluarkan semua ide, inspirasi, kreativitas, hingga masalah yang ada, solusi kemudia diwujudkan ke dalam prototype dan harus divalidasi ke calon pengguna atau target pengguna yang telah ditentukan.Kata Kunci: Rancang bangun, Iklan, Pakaian, Promosi, Situs webAbstract− Internet can be used as a medium to do business by building a website that makes it easier to promote strategies and product information. There is no denying that the appearance of a website that is attractive and easy to use will attract more people to visit. So that the ultimate goal of the website can be achieved, namely the product can be glimpsed by the wider community through a web ad that will be designed. b is a short summary of the paper to help the reader quickly determine the research objectives and according to research needs. A web banner is a form of advertising used on the Internet. This form of advertising attracts the attention of explorers to visit the website in question. These banners are usually created using image formats (JPG, GIF, PNG), java scripts and other multimedia objects. Modern banners are even accompanied by sounds and animations so they look more attractive. There are various sizes used, ranging from very small, wide, elongated to some transverse. Y.S.I.Y (Your Smile Is Yours) clothing-based business created in 2020 All articles made have meaning and purpose to love yourself more with Pop Art style illustrations. The target market is street art activists, street sports among young people such as skateboarding to the BMX bicycle community. Using premium quality plastisol screen printing and cotton combed 30s quality t-shirts. The design of the web banner ad in this research that is being designed uses the design sprint method approach. . The design sprint method is divided into 2 (two) parts, namely design sprint planning and design sprint phases and methods. Each major part of the design sprint can be branched back into structured steps or stages. The design sprint method is the right method because redesigning this design focuses on letting users know all the features that can pamper the user more, in other words, the design sprint method is a very communicative and interactive method to bring out all ideas, inspiration, creativity, to problems. the existing solution, the solution is then realized into a prototype and must be validated to potential users or predetermined target users.Keywords: Plan, Advertising, Clothing, Promotion, Website
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Murata, Munenori, Yohei Takai, Hiroaki Kanehisa, Tetsuo Fukunaga, and Ryu Nagahara. "Spatiotemporal and Kinetic Determinants of Sprint Acceleration Performance in Soccer Players." Sports 6, no. 4 (December 9, 2018): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports6040169.
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We aimed to elucidate spatiotemporal and kinetic determinants of sprint acceleration performance in soccer players. Thirty-seven male soccer players performed 60-m sprints. The spatiotemporal variables and ground reaction impulses were calculated over a 50-m distance. When controlling the influence of stature and body mass, change in running speed was correlated with the step length at the 1st–4th step section (r = 0.695), step frequency from the 9th to 20th step sections (r = 0.428 to 0.484), braking impulse during the 17th–20th step section (r = 0.328), propulsive impulse from the 1st to 8th step sections (r = 0.738 and 0.379), net anteroposterior impulse for all step sections (r = 0.384 to 0.678), and vertical impulse from the 9th–12th step section and thereafter (r = −0.355 to −0.428). These results confirmed that an effective acceleration is probably accomplished by a greater step length originated in greater propulsive impulse during the initial acceleration phase (to the 8th step), a higher step frequency through smaller vertical impulse and smaller braking impulse during the middle and later acceleration phases (from the 9th step), as well as greater net anteroposterior impulse during the entire acceleration phase.
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Maćkała, Krzysztof, Marek Fostiak, and Kacper Kowalski. "Selected Determinants of Acceleration in the 100m Sprint." Journal of Human Kinetics 45, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 135–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2015-0014.
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Abstract The goal of this study was to examine the relationship between kinematics, motor abilities, anthropometric characteristics, and the initial (10 m) and secondary (30 m) acceleration phases of the 100 m sprint among athletes of different sprinting performances. Eleven competitive male sprinters (10.96 s ± 0.36 for 100 with 10.50 s fastest time) and 11 active students (12.20 s ± 0.39 for 100 m with 11.80 s fastest time) volunteered to participate in this study. Sprinting performance (10 m, 30 m, and 100 m from the block start), strength (back squat, back extension), and jumping ability (standing long jump, standing five-jumps, and standing ten-jumps) were tested. An independent t-test for establishing differences between two groups of athletes was used. The Spearman ranking correlation coefficient was computed to verify the association between variables. Additionally, the Ward method of hierarchical cluster analysis was applied. The recorded times of the 10 and 30 m indicated that the strongest correlations were found between a 1- repetition maximum back squat, a standing long jump, standing five jumps, standing ten jumps (r = 0.66, r = 0.72, r = 0.66, and r = 0.72), and speed in the 10 m sprint in competitive athletes. A strong correlation was also found between a 1-repetition maximum back squat and a standing long jump, standing five jumps, and standing ten jumps (r = 0.88, r = 0.87 and r = 0.85), but again only for sprinters. The most important factor for differences in maximum speed development during both the initial and secondary acceleration phase among the two sub-groups was the stride frequency (p<0.01).
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Mero, Antti, and Paavo V. Komi. "EMG, Force, and Power Analysis of Sprint-Specific Strength Exercises." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 10, no. 1 (February 1994): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.10.1.1.
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This study was undertaken to compare force-time characteristics, muscle power, and electromyographic (EMG) activities of the leg muscles in maximal sprinting and in selected bounding and jumping exercises. Seven male sprinters performed maximal bounding (MB), maximal stepping (MS), maximal hopping with the right (MHR) and left (MHL) legs, and maximal sprint running (MR). These “horizontal” exercises and running were performed on a force platform. EMG activity was telemetered unilaterally from five leg muscles during each trial. The results indicated significant (p < .001) differences among the studied exercises in velocity, stride length, stride rate, flight time, and contact time. Also, significant differences were noticed in reactive forces (p < .01-.001) and power (p < .01) among the performances, whereas only insignificant differences were observed in EMG patterns. The average resultant forces during the braking and propulsion phases in MS, MHR, and MHL were greater (p < .001) than in MR and MB. Stepping and hopping are cyclic and sprint-specific and may be used as strength exercises for sprinters because of great strength demand.
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Martínez-Cava, Alejandro, Alejandro Hernández-Belmonte, Javier Courel-Ibáñez, Elena Conesa-Ros, Ricardo Morán-Navarro, and Jesús G. Pallarés. "Effect of Pause Versus Rebound Techniques on Neuromuscular and Functional Performance After a Prolonged Velocity-Based Training." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 16, no. 7 (July 1, 2021): 927–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2020-0348.
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Purpose: A variation of the traditional squat (SQ) rebound technique (REBOUND) including a momentary pause ∼2 seconds (PAUSE) between eccentric and concentric phases has been proposed. Although there is a consensus about the lower acute effects on performance of this PAUSE variant compared with traditional REBOUND technique, no information exists about the differences in longitudinal adaptations of these SQ executions. Methods: A total of 26 men were randomly assigned into the PAUSE (n = 13) or REBOUND (n = 13) groups and completed a 10-week velocity-based training using the SQ exercise, only differing in the technique. Neuromuscular adaptations were assessed by the changes in the 1-repetition maximum strength and mean propulsive velocity achieved against the absolute loads (in kilograms) common to pretest and posttest. Functional performance was evaluated by the following tests: countermovement jump, Wingate, and sprint time at 0 to 10, 10 to 20, and 0 to 20 m. Results: Whereas both groups showed significant increases in most of the neuromuscular tests (P < .05), the PAUSE (effect size [ES] = 0.76–1.12) presented greater enhancements than REBOUND (ES = 0.45–0.92). Although not significant, improvements in Wingate and sprint time at 0 to 10 and 0 to 20 m were higher for PAUSE (ES = 0.31–0.46) compared with REBOUND (ES = 0.10–0.29). Conversely, changes on countermovement jump and sprint time at 10 to 20 m were superior for REBOUND (ES = 0.17–0.88) than for PAUSE (ES = 0.09–0.75). Conclusion: Imposing a pause between eccentric and concentric phases in the SQ exercise could be an interesting strategy to increase neuromuscular and functional adaptations in sport actions that mainly depend on concentric contractions. Moreover, sport abilities highly dependent on the stretch-shortening cycle could benefit from the REBOUND or a combination of the 2 techniques.
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Fernández-Galván, Luis Miguel, Pablo Prieto-González, Jorge Sánchez-Infante, Pedro Jiménez-Reyes, and Arturo Casado. "The Post-Activation Potentiation Effects on Sprinting Abilities in Junior Tennis Players." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 4 (February 13, 2022): 2080. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042080.
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Objective: This study aimed to compare the acute effects of a full squat (SQ) or hip thrust (HT) with two different loading intensities (60% and 85% 1 RM) on sprint ability in junior male tennis players. Methods: Nineteen tennis players were included in this research. They underwent four different experimental conditions: HT at 60% 1 RM, HT at 85% 1 RM, SQ at 60% 1 RM, or SQ at 85%. The force–velocity (F–V) profile was used to assess tennis players’ sprint acceleration ability before and after applying the conditioning stimulus. The variables registered were as follows: 5 m test (5 m), 10 m test (10 m), maximum theoretical force (F0), maximum power (Pmax), and the maximal ratio of horizontal-to-resultant force (RFpeak). Results: Significant improvements in 5 m, Pmax, and RFpeak were observed when the conditioning stimulus was performing one set of seven reps of HT at 60% 1 RM. When the activation protocol was one set of seven reps of SQ at 60% 1 RM, significant improvements in 5 m, 10 m, F0, Pmax (N), and RFpeak were detected. Additionally, performing one set of three reps of SQ at 85% 1 RM as an activation protocol provided significant improvements in F0. Conclusion: The use of HT and SQ with a load of 60% 1 RM improved the sprint F–V profile components related to the acceleration phase of the sprint in junior tennis players. Using intensity loads of 85% 1 RM is not adequate to increase acute sprint performance in this population. HT presents a higher transferability to sprinting in the first 5 m of sprinting, whereas SQ provides acute improvements in different sprinting phases.
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Colyer, Steffi L., Philip Graham-Smith, and Aki IT Salo. "Associations between ground reaction force waveforms and sprint start performance." International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 14, no. 5 (September 18, 2019): 658–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747954119874887.
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Ground reaction forces produced on the blocks determine an athlete’s centre of mass motion during the sprint start, which is crucial to sprint performance. This study aimed to understand how force waveforms are associated with better sprint start performance. Fifty-seven sprinters (from junior to world elite) performed a series of block starts during which the ground reaction forces produced by the legs and arms were separately measured. Statistical parametric mapping (linear regression) revealed specific phases of these waveforms where forces were associated with average horizontal external power. Better performances were achieved by producing higher forces and directing the force vector more horizontally during the initial parts of the block phase (17–34% and 5–37%, respectively). During the mid-push (around the time of rear block exit: ∼54% of the block push), magnitudes of front block force differentiated performers, but orientation did not. Consequently, the ability to sustain high forces during the transition from bilateral to unilateral pushing was a performance-differentiating factor. Better athletes also exhibited a higher ratio of forces on the front block in the latter parts of unilateral pushing (81–92% of the block push), which seemed to allow these athletes to exit the blocks with lower centre of mass projection angles. Training should reflect these kinetic requirements, but also include technique-based aspects to increase both force production and orientation capacities. Specific training focused on enhancing anteroposterior force production during the transition between double- to single-leg propulsion could be beneficial for overall sprint start performance.
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Freitas, Tomás T., Lucas A. Pereira, Valter P. Reis, Victor Fernandes, Pedro E. Alcaraz, Paulo H. S. M. Azevedo, and Irineu Loturco. "Effects of a Congested Fixture Period on Speed and Power Performance of Elite Young Soccer Players." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 16, no. 8 (August 1, 2021): 1120–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2020-0280.
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Purpose: To investigate the effects of a match-congested period on straight and curve sprint performance, change of direction (COD) speed and deficit, vertical jumping ability, and half-squat (HS) mean propulsive power (MPP) output in young soccer players. Methods: A total of 15 under-20 elite male soccer players participated in 14 matches over 8 weeks. The following assessments were performed before and after the congested fixture period: squat and countermovement jumps, 17-m linear sprint, curve sprint test for the “good” (CSGS) and “weak” (CSWS) sides, modified 17-m Zigzag test, and HS MPP. Magnitude-based inferences and a paired t test were used to analyze pre–post changes in the assessed variables. Results: Very likely (P < .05) decreases were noticed in 17-m sprint velocity (effect size [ES] [90% confidence limit; CL], −0.56 [−0.32 to −0.81]) and CSGS (ES [90% CL], −0.72 [−0.40 to 1.03]) after the 8-week period. A possible but nonsignificant impairment was revealed in CSWS (ES [90% CL], −0.18 [0.03 to −0.39]), and countermovement jump (ES [90% CL], −0.21 [−0.54 to 0.12]). Zigzag velocity (ES [90% CL], −2.90 [−2.45 to −3.36]) and COD deficit (ES [90% CL], 0.86 [0.52 to 1.20]) were almost certainly and significantly (P < .05) reduced and increased, respectively, after the match-congested period. An almost certain and significant (P < .05) reduction was found in HS MPP (ES [90% CL], −1.18 [−0.76 to −1.61]). Conclusions: Straight and curve sprint velocity, COD speed and deficit, and HS MPP were impaired after the match-congested period. Vertical jump height was possibly decreased. Seasonal phases comprising high volumes of soccer-specific training and competition seem to be detrimental to speed–power qualities in under-20 elite soccer players.
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Erylmaz, Selcen Kormaz, Kerimhan Kaynak, Metin Polat, and Sami Aydoğan. "EFFECTS OF REPEATED SPRINT TRAINING ON ISOCAPNIC BUFFERING PHASE IN VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS." Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte 24, no. 4 (August 2018): 286–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1517-869220182404185842.
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ABSTRACT Introduction: The region between the ventilatory threshold (VT) and respiratory compensation point (RCP) is defined as the isocapnic buffering (ICB) phase and represents a phase of compensation for exercise-induced metabolic acidosis. There is sparse literature examining the effects of physical training on ICB phase in athletes. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a repeated sprint training program on the ICB phase of college volleyball players. Methods: Eighteen male volleyball players were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (n=9) or a control group (n=9) and followed a traditional volleyball training program three times per week for six weeks. The experimental group additionally performed a repeated sprint training protocol immediately before each volleyball training session. Before and after the 6-week training period, all participants performed an incremental treadmill test to determine VT, RCP, and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). The ICB phases were calculated as VO2 (ml/kg/min) and sprint speed (km/h). Results: The experimental group showed significant improvements in ICB phase, RCP, VO2max and maximal sprint speed after training (p<0.01). There were no significant changes in VT after training in the experimental group (p>0.05). None of these variables changed significantly in the control group (p>0.05). Conclusions: These findings indicate that repeated sprint training can enhance the ICB phase of volleyball players, which may be attributable to an improvement in buffering capacity leading to a shift in RCP towards higher intensities without any change in VT. The increase in the ICB phase may an important factor in terms of improvement in the high-intensity exercise tolerance of athletes. Level of Evidence II; Therapeutic studies - Investigating the results of treatment.
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Goedecke, Julia H., Virginia R. Clark, Timothy D. Noakes, and Estelle V. Lambert. "The Effects of Medium-Chain Triacylglycerol and Carbohydrate Ingestion on Ultra-Endurance Exercise Performance." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 15, no. 1 (February 2005): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.15.1.15.
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The aims of the study were to determine if medium-chain triacylglycerol (MCT), ingested in combination with carbohydrate (CHO), would alter substrate metabolism and improve simulated competitive ultra-endurance cycling performance. Eight endurance-trained cyclists took part in this randomized, single-blind crossover study. On two separate occasions, subjects cycled for 270 min at 50% of peak power output, interspersed with four 75 kJ sprints at 60 min intervals, followed immediately by a 200 kJ time-trial. One hour prior to the exercise trials, subjects ingested either 75 g of CHO or 32 g of MCT, and then ingested 200 mL of a 10% CHO (wt/vol) solution or a 4.3% MCT + 10% CHO (wt/vol) solution every 20 min during the CHO and MCT trials, respectively. During the constant-load phases of the 270 min exercise trial, VO2, RER, and heart rate were measured at 30 min intervals and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms were recorded. There was no difference in VO2 or RER between the MCT and CHO trials (P = 0.40). Hourly sprint (P = 0.03 for trial x time interaction) and time-trial times (14:30 ± 0.58 vs. 12:36 ± 1:6, respectively, P < 0.001) were slower in the MCT than the CHO trial. Half the subjects experienced GI symptoms with MCT ingestion. In conclusion, MCTs ingested prior to exercise and co-ingested with CHO during exercise did not alter substrate metabolism and significantly compromised sprint performance during prolonged ultra-endurance cycling exercise.
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Kariyama, Yasushi, and Koji Zushi. "Relationships between lower-limb joint kinetic parameters of sprint running and rebound jump during the support phases." Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine 5, no. 2 (2016): 187–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.7600/jpfsm.5.187.
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Malone, Shane, Kieran Collins, Allistair McRobert, and Dominic Doran. "Quantifying the Training and Match-Play External and Internal Load of Elite Gaelic Football Players." Applied Sciences 11, no. 4 (February 16, 2021): 1756. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11041756.
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The current investigation quantified the training and match-play load of elite Gaelic football players across a two-season period using global positioning system technology (GPS), rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and sessional rating of perceived exertion (sRPE). Total weekly workload variables were collected across GPS, RPE, and sRPE across thirty-six elite Gaelic footballers (mean ± SD, age: 26 ± 5 years; height: 177 ± 8 cm; mass: 81 ± 7 kg) from one elite squad during a two-season observational period. External training load variables included: Total distance (m), High speed running (m; ≥ 17.1 km·h−1), Sprint distance (m; 22 km·h−1), Accelerations (n), Average metabolic power (W·kg−1), High-power distance (m; ≥ 25 W·kg−1). Internal load variables included: sRPE and RPE. Repeated measures ANOVA were used to understand the differences in loading patterns across phases, position, and week types when significant main effects were observed a Tukey’s post hoc test was applied and standardized effect sizes were calculated to understand the practical meaning of these differences. When total weekly loading across phases was considered total load was significantly greater in club 1 and provincial 1 with these phases showing the highest loading for players when compared to all other phases (p ≤ 0.001; ES: 2.95–7.22; very large). Furthermore, in-season 1 was greater for total loading when compared to in-season 2 and both championship phases (p ≤ 0.05; ES: 0.47–0.54; small). Total distance in training was greater during preseason 1 when compared to all other phases of the season (p ≤ 0.001; ES: 2.95–7.22; very large). During the in-season period, training based total distance was higher during provincial 1 when compared to other phases with similar trends across all measures (p ≤ 0.005). Finally, a positional profile for load measures was observed, with weekly context (match or non-match) having an impact on the internal and external loading players experienced across phases. The current data provide useful information for practitioners on the training periodization currently present within the elite Gaelic football training process. Specifically, the data provide positional profiles of loading across weekly and segmented phased of an elite Gaelic football season. These data can increase understanding as to the periods of increased and decreased loading across different phases of an elite Gaelic football season, while providing a framework for future analysis concerning Gaelic football periodization.
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Paul, Varun, Lori Ferranti, and David M. Dilts. "A lean-sprint approach to protocol development." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2022): e18639-e18639. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.e18639.
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e18639 Background: With the ever-increasing complexity of protocols and their required approvals, there is a need to improve the time and reduce the effort required to create a Phase III protocol. The objective of this research was to reduce from months to weeks the time to create a Phase III protocol at a large global pharmaceutical organization, while maintaining or improving the quality and scientific merit of the protocol. Methods: The method required two phases: process redesign and process execution/performance. For the first phase, a continuous improvement methodology (Lean), was utilized. In a multi-team-based approach, the first stage (process-prep) focused on the development of the initial draft protocol. The second stage used the concept of a Sprint, a process to complete all protocol changes and approvals within a rapid time span, while simultaneously guaranteeing protocol quality. A set of policies, procedures, and information technology tools were developed to facilitate both efforts. The Process-prep stage was team-based, where a streamlined Clinical Study Team and a sub-group, the Protocol Working Group, identified all the key tasks, activities and their associated completion dates, and created an 80% complete draft protocol. The Sprint was a one-week, intensive effort by all those responsible for creation of the protocol, and for its final approval. Working virtually and internationally allowed for a continuous 24-hour effort during the Sprint. One key element of success was the use of a visualization tool for the creation, adaptation, and finalization of the protocol’s schedule of assessments (SOA) which both assured that all assessments were required by the protocol and that there was concordance between the protocol and the SOA. Results: Quantitative results were significant: a completed protocol was created with a 50% reduction of time compared to the last protocol written by the molecule group, reduction of avoidable amendments, reducing missed errors and potentially decreasing the number of protocol amendments and the near elimination of process loops and email-chains. Qualitatively, team members were trained on useful process tools and methods, while also increasing their comfort level in active participation in remote meetings. This resulted in faster time to create any amendments that may be required in the future for the protocol. Conclusions: It is possible to employ efficiency and effectiveness methods, such as Lean and Sprint, that have been used successfully in other industries in the pharmaceutical research & development process. While using such concepts requires a great deal of initial planning, the rewards of using them are significant. Likewise, the extensive use of interdisciplinary remote teams will be of increasing importance in a post-COVID environment of clinical research.
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Perroni, Fabrizio, Silvia Migliaccio, Paolo Borrione, Mario Vetrano, Stefano Amatori, Davide Sisti, Marco B. L. Rocchi, et al. "Can Haematological and Hormonal Biomarkers Predict Fitness Parameters in Youth Soccer Players? A Pilot Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 17 (August 29, 2020): 6294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176294.
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The study aimed to investigate the correlations among immune, haematological, endocrinological markers and fitness parameters, and assess if the physiological parameters could be a predictor of fitness values. Anthropometric, physical evaluations (countermovement jump—CMJ, 10 m sprint, VO2max, repeated sprint ability—RSA total time and index) and determination of blood (IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A and tumour necrosis factor) and salivary (testosterone and cortisol) samples parameters in 28 young male soccer players (age: 13.0 ± 0.2 years, body mass index (BMI): 19.5 ± 2.2 kg/m2) were analysed. To evaluate the dependence of the variables related to athletic performance, multiple linear regression with backward stepwise elimination was considered. A significant regression equation was found in CMJ (F(5,16) = 9.86, p < 0.001, R2 adjusted = 0.679) and in the RSA index (F(5,16) = 15.39, p < 0.001, R2 adjusted = 0.774) considering only five variables, in a 10 m sprint (F(4,17) = 20.25, p < 0.001, R2 adjusted = 0.786) and in the RSA total time (F(4,17) = 15.31, p < 0.001, R2 adjusted = 0.732) considering only four variables and in VO2max (F(9,12) = 32.09, p < 0.001, R2 adjusted = 0.930) considering nine variables. Our study suggests the use of regression equations to predict the fitness values of youth soccer players by blood and saliva samples, during different phases of the season, short periods of match congestion or recovery from an injury.
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Brown, Scott, Matt Cross, Olivier Girard, Franck Brocherie, Pierre Samozino, and Jean-Benoît Morin. "Kinetic Sprint Asymmetries on a non-motorised Treadmill in Rugby Union Athletes." International Journal of Sports Medicine 38, no. 13 (October 1, 2017): 1017–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-117607.
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AbstractThe purpose of this study was to present a potential link between sprint kinetic (vertical [F V] and horizontal force [F H]) asymmetries and athletic performance during acceleration and maximal velocity (v max) sprinting. Thirty un-injured male rugby athletes performed 8-s sprints on a non-motorised treadmill. Kinetic data were divided into ‘strong’ and ‘weak’ legs based on individually averaged peak values observed during sprinting and were analysed to evaluate asymmetry. Large differences were found between the strong and weak legs in F H during acceleration (4.3 vs. 3.5 N·kg−1) and v max (3.7 vs. 2.8 N·kg−1) sprinting (both ES=1.2), but not in F V (21.8 vs. 20.8 N·kg−1, ES=− 0.6 for acceleration; 23.9 vs. 22.8 N·kg−1, ES=− 0.5 for v max, respectively). Group mean asymmetry was lower in F V compared to F H during acceleration (1.6 vs. 6.8%) and v max (1.6 vs. 8.2%). The range of asymmetry was much lower in F V (0.03–4.3%) compared to F H (0.2–28%). In un-injured rugby athletes, the magnitude and range of asymmetry scores in F H, occurring during acceleration and v max phases, where much greater than those found in F V. These findings highlight the potential for some un-injured athletes to possess kinetic asymmetries known as crucial components for acceleration performance in sprinting.
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Sacilotto, G., R. Franco, B. Mason, and N. Ball. "Investigation of front crawl stroke phases within force-time profiles in elite and sub-elite male sprint swimmers." Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 16 (December 2013): e19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2013.10.047.
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Zieliński, Jacek, and Krzysztof Kusy. "Training-induced adaptation in purine metabolism in high-level sprinters vs. triathletes." Journal of Applied Physiology 112, no. 4 (February 15, 2012): 542–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01292.2011.
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The aim of this study was to assess the effect of training loads on metabolic response of purine derivatives in highly trained sprinters (10 men, age range 20–29 yr) in a 1-yr cycle, compared with endurance-training mode in triathletes (10 men, age range 21–28 yr). A four-time measurement of respiratory parameters, plasma hypoxanthine (Hx) concentration, and erythrocyte hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT) activity was administered in four characteristic training phases (general, specific, competition, and transition). A considerably lower postexercise plasma concentration of Hx in sprinters (8.1–18.0 μmol/l) than in triathletes (14.1–24.9 μmol/l) was demonstrated in all training phases. In both groups, a significant decrease in plasma Hx concentration in the competition phase and a considerable increase in the transition phase were observed. It was found that the resting erythrocyte HGPRT activity increased in the competition period and declined in the transition phase. Sprinters showed higher HGPRT activity (58.5–71.8 nmol IMP·mg Hb−1·h−1) than triathletes (55.8–66.6 nmol IMP·mg Hb−1·h−1) in all examinations. The results suggest a more effective use of anaerobic metabolic energy sources induced by sprint training characterized by higher amount of exercise in the anaerobic lactacid and the nonlactacid zone. The changes in plasma Hx concentration and erythrocyte HGPRT activity might serve as sensitive metabolic indicators in the training control, especially in sprint-trained athletes. These parameters may provide information about the energetic status of the muscles in highly trained athletes in which no significant adaptation changes are detected by means of commonly acknowledged biochemical and physiological parameters.
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Leblanc, Hugues, Ludovic Seifert, and Didier Chollet. "Does Floatation Influence Breaststroke Technique?" Journal of Applied Biomechanics 26, no. 2 (May 2010): 150–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.26.2.150.
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This study is aimed at examining the relationships between floatation parameters, assessed by field tests and the stroking characteristics of breaststroke swimmers. The floatation parameters were evaluated for 23 males and 23 females by the hydrostatic lift test, the sinking force acting at the ankle test and the maximal glide length after a push-off from the pool wall test. The swimmers performed two trials at submaximal and sprint pace, and then, from the data given by a PC-video velocity system, the duration and velocity of their propulsive, recovery and glide phases were analyzed. In the female group and at slow pace, glide duration is correlated with hydrostatic lift (r= .62) and with maximal glide length (r= .44); mean glide velocity is correlated with hydrostatic lift (r= .73). In the male group and at slow pace, the sinking force was correlated with the glide phase (r= –0.66) and with the mean glide velocity (r= –0.78). At sprint velocity, the hydrostatic lift is correlated with the glide phase in the female group (r= .52). Floatation parameters have an impact on the gliding phase of the breaststroke cycle.
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Bobrovnick, V., M. Tkachenko, and N. Krushinskaya. "Analysis and characteristics of results, achieved by short-distance runners (100-200m) at the major competitive events in 1992-2019." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 12(120) (December 25, 2019): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2019.12(120)19.03.
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Ukrainian short-distance runners’ performances (men and women) at the Olympic Games and World Championships during the period of 1992 – 2019 have been analyzed. The dynamics of their results in 100-200m running was identified as well as the reasons for going behind world’s leading runners. Peculiarities of performing fairly precise movements at high speeds, specific character of showing speed in a sprint race and phases of acceleration and deceleration were characterized. This should be taken into consideration in the process of choosing major training exercises, improving speed abilities of athletes. The results of the Ukrainian sprinters show that the methodological component of the development of the speed quality used by the coaching staff was in the leading positions in Europe and in the world. The current level of training of Ukrainian short-distance runners leaves much to be desired for various reasons, one of which, in our opinion, is the main one - an increase in the unjustified intensification of short-distance runners training in the initial stages of the multi-year training process. This approach led to a decrease in normative results in sprint racing, as well as to the lack of purposeful methodological support and system of realization of accumulated knowledge on development and improvement of one of the basic physical abilities - quality of speed. At the present stage, this problem is a major one and requires a comprehensive study and training of the coaching staff to develop a better organization of the training process in sprint racing. These characteristics of sprint running give us the opportunity, on the one hand, to correctly evaluate the prospective indicators of the sprinter body (total body length, legs, their ratio, type of nervous system, etc.), and on the other - with high accuracy of adequacy to select the main training tools and methods of their application. that will improve the quality of speed and, as a consequence, increase the speed of running.
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Strzała, Marek, Arkadiusz Stanula, Piotr Krężałek, Andrzej Ostrowski, Marcin Kaca, and Grzegorz Głąb. "Butterfly Sprint Swimming Technique, Analysis of Somatic and Spatial-Temporal Coordination Variables." Journal of Human Kinetics 60, no. 1 (December 28, 2017): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2017-0089.
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AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate somatic properties and force production of leg extensor muscles measured in the countermovement jump test (CMJ), as well as to analyse kinematic variables of sprint surface butterfly swimming. Thirty-four male competitive swimmers were recruited with an average age of 19.3 ± 1.83 years. Their average body height (BH) was 183.7 ± 5.93 cm, body fat content 10.8 ± 2.64% and body mass (BM) 78.3 ± 5.0 kg. Length measurements of particular body segments were taken and a counter movement jump (CMJ) as well as an all-out 50 m butterfly speed test were completed. The underwater movements of the swimmers’ bodies were recorded with a digital camera providing side-shots. We registered a significant relationship between body mass (r = 0.46), lean body mass (r = 0.48) and sprint surface butterfly swimming (VSBF). The anaerobic power measured in the CMJ test, total body length (TBL) as well as upper and lower extremity length indices did not influence swimming speed significantly. The temporal entry-kick index (the time ratio between the first kick and arm entry) significantly influenced VSBF (r = -0.45). Similarly, medium power of the coefficient was indicated between a) stroke rate kinematics (SR), b) duration of the first leg kick (LP1), c) air phase duration of arm recovery (Fly-arm), and VSBF (r = 0.40; r = 0.40 and r = 0.41, respectively). The entry-kick temporal index showed that, in the butterfly cycle, an appropriately early executed initial kick when compared to arm entry was associated with a longer arm propulsion phase, which in turn was associated with minimizing resistive gliding phases and enabled relatively longer and less resistive air arm recovery (higher value of the fly-arm index). The higher value of SR kinematic was another important element of the best butterfly results in this study.
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Nagahara, Ryu, Yohei Takai, Miki Haramura, Mirai Mizutani, Akifumi Matsuo, Hiroaki Kanehisa, and Tetsuo Fukunaga. "Age-Related Differences in Spatiotemporal Variables and Ground Reaction Forces During Sprinting in Boys." Pediatric Exercise Science 30, no. 3 (August 1, 2018): 335–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.2017-0058.
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Purpose:We aimed to elucidate age-related differences in spatiotemporal and ground reaction force variables during sprinting in boys over a broad range of chronological ages.Methods:Ground reaction force signals during 50-m sprinting were recorded in 99 boys aged 6.5–15.4 years. Step-to-step spatiotemporal variables and mean forces were then calculated.Results:There was a slower rate of development in sprinting performance in the age span from 8.8 to 12.1 years compared with younger and older boys. During that age span, mean propulsive force was almost constant, and step frequency for older boys was lower regardless of sprinting phase. During the ages younger than 8.8 years and older than 12.1 years, sprint performance rapidly increased with increasing mean propulsive forces during the middle acceleration and maximal speed phases and during the initial acceleration phase.Conclusion:There was a stage of temporal slower development of sprinting ability from age 8.8 to 12.1 years, being characterized by unchanged propulsive force and decreased step frequency. Moreover, increasing propulsive forces during the middle acceleration and maximal speed phases and during the initial acceleration phase are probably responsible for the rapid development of sprinting ability before and after the period of temporal slower development of sprinting ability.
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Fisher, Paul, Maria Faulkner, Michael McCann, and Rónán Doherty. "The Association between Pre-Season Running Loads and Injury during the Subsequent Season in Elite Gaelic Football." Sports 10, no. 8 (July 29, 2022): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports10080117.
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The aim of this study was to determine if the quantity of running load performed in pre-season affects the incidence of injury in elite Gaelic footballers. It was hypothesized that a greater quantity of running loads completed will reduce the incidence rate of injury. A cohort of elite male Gaelic football players (n = 25) was prospectively monitored throughout one full season. This longitudinal study involved the collection of GPS data and injury data. Participants were retrospectively divided into two groups and assigned to a high (HTL, completed >50% of pre-season sessions, n = 13) or low (LTL, completed <50% of pre-season sessions, n = 12) training load group based on the percentage of pre-season sessions completed. Data for total distance, PlayerLoad™, meters covered at running speeds (4.0–4.84 m/s), meters covered at high running speeds (4.85–6.39 m/s), meters covered at sprint speeds (>6.4 m/s) and high-intensity running meters (high-speed running meters and sprint meters combined) were collected during all sessions. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was completed to understand the variation of external training load data across the different phases of the season. A series of repeated measures of ANOVA were subsequently completed to understand the variation of external training load data across seasonal phases within the training groups. Although the LTL group had a higher incidence rate of non-contact injuries (large effect size) per 1000 h of exposure in each phase of the season, statistical analysis revealed that there was no significant difference (F = 4.32, p = 0.173, partial η2 = 0.684, large) between the HTL (14.9 ± 4.17/1000 h) and the LTL (24.5 ± 7.36/1000 h) groups. Additionally, the HTL group was able to sustain greater running loads in the competitive phases of the season compared to the LTL group, total distance (F = 8.10, p < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.299, large), high-speed running distance (F = 8.74, p < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.304, large) and high-intensity running distance (F = 7.63, p < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.276, large). Furthermore, players who complete a greater proportion of running loads in pre-season may alter their body composition levels to more optimal levels, which in turn may reduce the risk of injury while also helping increase or maintain performance-related fitness markers such as aerobic fitness.
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von Lieres Und Wilkau, Hans C., Neil E. Bezodis, Jean-Benoît Morin, Gareth Irwin, Scott Simpson, and Ian N. Bezodis. "The importance of duration and magnitude of force application to sprint performance during the initial acceleration, transition and maximal velocity phases." Journal of Sports Sciences 38, no. 20 (July 6, 2020): 2359–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2020.1785193.
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Chau, Vinh Huy. "Research on Physical Fitness Development for U10 five-a-side Football Teams." Open Sports Sciences Journal 14, no. 1 (November 17, 2021): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1875399x02114010092.
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Background: Football is a team sport; players often have fierce ball disputes to limit the opponent's ability, resulting in a lot of physical consumption. Objective: To evaluate the professional development of physical fitness for U10 five-a-side football teams, this study introduces several exercises to test and improve their physical strength. Methods: We introduce 5 tests, including long jump on the spot, 15-meter sprint, 5x30m sprints, 5-minute running, and 1-minute rope skipping. 6 months of training was divided into 3 phases with four 90-minute training sessions/week. Phase 1 was aimed for the players to adapt to normal training, phase 2 was to develop the maximum focus speed, and phase 3 was to develop professional physical strength. Results: The results show that after 6 months of training, the participants’ physical achievements in all tests have witnessed growth. The growth was statistically significant because tcalculated > tstandard at the possibility P < 0.05, especially in the test of rope skipping in one minute with the highest growth rate W = 9.47%. Conclusion: The results of this research can be used as a reference and scientific basis of general physical fitness development in football for kids to build training programs and improve their effectiveness.
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Hene, NM, and SH Bassett. "Changes in the physical fitness of elite women’s rugby union players over a competition season." South African Journal of Sports Medicine 25, no. 2 (July 2, 2013): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3108/2013/v25i2a376.
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Objective. To investigate changes in the physical fitness characteristics of elite women’s rugby union players over a competitive season.Methods. Thirty-two elite women’s rugby union players, all members of the South African Rugby Union High Performance Squad, were sub-divided into 2 positional categories of 17 forwards and 15 backs, respectively, and assessed pre-, mid- and post-competition season. Players underwent anthropometric (stature, body mass and sum of 7 skinfolds) and physical performance measurements (vertical jump, 10 m and 40 m sprint, 1 repetition maximum (1RM) bench press and multi-stage shuttle-run test).Analysis. A 2-factor analysis of variance was used to evaluate differences in physical fitness variables between and within playing positions over the competition season (p<0.01).Results. In both groups, no significant changes were detected in the sum of skinfolds, vertical jump height, 1RM bench press and multi-stage shuttle-run test scores throughout the season. However, sprint times (10 m and 40 m) significantly increased and then decreased for both groups between the early (pre- to mid-season) and later phases of the season (mid- to post-season), respectively.Conclusion. The results suggest that, for improvement in physical fitness, players need to train at higher loads, especially in the preparatory phase. Thereafter, they must take measures to actively maintain these gains throughout the competitive season. Direct supervision of their conditioning should be encouraged.
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Miller, Ellen W., Stephanie A. Combs, Caryn Fish, Brooke Bense, Amanda Owens, and Andrea Burch. "Running Training After Stroke: A Single-Subject Report." Physical Therapy 88, no. 4 (April 1, 2008): 511–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20050240.
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Background and PurposeAlthough many people who have had a stroke are primarily interested in learning to walk, some are able to focus on a return to recreational and sporting activities. This study was carried out to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of the use of intensive task-oriented training in the body-weight–support/treadmill environment to improve running for a subject after stroke.SubjectThe subject was a 38-year-old man who had a stroke 2.5 years previously.MethodsA single-subject design with baseline, intervention, immediate postintervention, and 6-month postintervention phases was conducted. Dependent variables included 25-m sprint time, single-leg balance, running step width, running step length ratio, Stroke Impact Scale, 6-minute walk test, and lower-extremity strength (force-generating capacity).ResultsAt the 6-month postintervention phase, sprint speed, left single-leg balance, and step width changed significantly from the baseline phase. Step length ratio trended toward less symmetry but more consistency, and muscle strength improved more than 20% in 6 of 8 muscle groups in the involved lower extremity and 4 of 8 muscle groups in the uninvolved lower extremity.Discussion and ConclusionIntensive task-specific training was feasible and effective for retraining running ability in the study subject. He returned to recreational running, which provided him with a greatly improved outlook and a better quality of life.
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Hene, NM, and SH Bassett. "Changes in the physical fitness of elite women’s rugby union players over a competition season." South African Journal of Sports Medicine 25, no. 2 (June 15, 2013): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2078-516x/2013/v25i2a376.
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Objective. To investigate changes in the physical fitness characteristics of elite women’s rugby union players over a competitive season.Methods. Thirty-two elite women’s rugby union players, all members of the South African Rugby Union High Performance Squad, were sub-divided into 2 positional categories of 17 forwards and 15 backs, respectively, and assessed pre-, mid- and post-competition season. Players underwent anthropometric (stature, body mass and sum of 7 skinfolds) and physical performance measurements (vertical jump, 10 m and 40 m sprint, 1 repetition maximum (1RM) bench press and multi-stage shuttle-run test).Analysis. A 2-factor analysis of variance was used to evaluate differences in physical fitness variables between and within playing positions over the competition season (p<0.01).Results. In both groups, no significant changes were detected in the sum of skinfolds, vertical jump height, 1RM bench press and multi-stage shuttle-run test scores throughout the season. However, sprint times (10 m and 40 m) significantly increased and then decreased for both groups between the early (pre- to mid-season) and later phases of the season (mid- to post-season), respectively.Conclusion. The results suggest that, for improvement in physical fitness, players need to train at higher loads, especially in the preparatory phase. Thereafter, they must take measures to actively maintain these gains throughout the competitive season. Direct supervision of their conditioning should be encouraged.
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Santander, Mauro Darío, Horacio Eugenio Anselmi, and Gastón César Garcia. "Evaluation of the maximum speed in a 30-metre sprint among young Argentine football players." Archivos de Medicina del Deporte 39, no. 3 (June 8, 2022): 132–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18176/archmeddeporte.00083.
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Introduction: the objective of this study was to compare in young federated soccer players, the speed in a sprint of 30 meters in different ages. The times used in two phases were also compared (0 to 10 meters and 10 to 30 meters) was analyzed according to age. Material and method: 505 male soccer players were measured with the 30-meter test, in an age range between 11,0 and 16,9 years. They were divided into 5 groups per chronological age. Anthropometric measurements (body weight and size) were analyzed. To measure the 30-meter test, three pairs of infrared synchronizations beam lamps (photocells) placed at; 0,0 m, 10,0m and 30,0 m from the starting line. Results: group 1 (11 years) traveled the distance of 30 meters in 5,48±0,36 s, group 2 (12 years) in 5,17±0,42 s, group 3 (13 years) in 4,94±0,44 s, group 4 (14 years) in 4,64±0,29 s, group 5 (15 years) in 4,56±0,28 s, and group 6 (16 years) in 4,42±0,22 s. Conclusion: The older youth, on average, traveled the distance of 30 meters in less time, although they only varied significantly between 11,5 and 14,5 years (p>0,01). During the segment o to 10m, the same trend was also observed, being significantly at all ages, except for 12,5 years (p>0,01).
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Nukaga, Hideyuki, Tomotaka Takeda, Kazunori Nakajima, Keishiro Narimatsu, Takamitsu Ozawa, Keiichi Ishigami, and Kazuo Funato. "Masseter Muscle Activity in Track and Field Athletes: A Pilot Study." Open Dentistry Journal 10, no. 1 (August 31, 2016): 474–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874210601610010474.
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Teeth clenching has been shown to improve remote muscle activity (by augmentation of the Hoffmann reflex), and joint fixation (by decreased reciprocal inhibition) in the entire body. Clenching could help maintain balance, improve systemic function, and enhance safety. Teeth clenching from a sports dentistry viewpoint was thought to be important and challenging. Therefore, it is quite important to investigate mastication muscles’ activity and function during sports events for clarifying a physiological role of the mastication muscle itself and involvement of mastication muscle function in whole body movement. Running is a basic motion of a lot of sports; however, a mastication muscles activity during this motion was not clarified. Throwing and jumping operation were in a same situation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence or absence of masseter muscle activity during track and field events. In total, 28 track and field athletes took part in the study. The Multichannel Telemetry system was used to monitor muscle activity, and the electromyograms obtained were synchronized with digital video imaging. The masseter muscle activity threshold was set 15% of maximum voluntary clenching. As results, with few exceptions, masseter muscle activity were observed during all analyzed phases of the 5 activities, and that phases in which most participants showed masseter muscle activity were characterized by initial acceleration, such as in the short sprint, from the commencement of throwing to release in both the javelin throw and shot put, and at the take-off and landing phases in both jumps.