Academic literature on the topic 'Sprint performance analysis'
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Journal articles on the topic "Sprint performance analysis"
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Silva, Ana F., Pedro Figueiredo, João Ribeiro, Francisco Alves, João Paulo Vilas-Boas, Ludovic Seifert, and Ricardo J. Fernandes. "Integrated Analysis of Young Swimmers’ Sprint Performance." Motor Control 23, no. 3 (July 2019): 354–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/mc.2018-0014.
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Streetman, Aspen, Darko Paspalj, Nemanja Zlojutro, Danijel Božić, J. Jay Dawes, and Filip Kukić. "Association of shorter and longer distance sprint running to change of direction speed in police students." Nauka bezbednost policija, no. 00 (2022): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/nabepo27-36289.
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Background. Law enforcement officers may experience unique physical demands while on duty, including pursuing a suspect on foot, clearing obstacles, rapidly moving between covers, and engaging in physical confrontations with violent offenders. Several different change of direction speed (CODS) assessments are routinely used to simulate these demands. However, the relationship between these assessments has not been fully explored. Thus, this study investigated the association of shorter and longer distance sprint running with CODS performance. Methods. 15 police students ran the 20-m sprint test, 300-yard shuttle run, and Illinois Agility Test (IAT). Correlation and regression analyses were used to investigate associations. The effect size analysis provided the magnitude of associations. Results. Correlation analysis determined moderate association between 0-10 m, 10-20 m, and 0-20 m sprint performance with the IAT. The regression analysis determined strong linear association of IAT with sprint 0-10 m (R 2 = 0.488, F = 12.385, p = 0.004), sprint 10-20 m (R 2 = 0.496, F = 12.775, p = 0.003), sprint 0-20 m (R 2 = 0.573, F = 17.468, p = 0.001), and no linear association with the 300-yard shuttle run. Conclusions. The current study found a significant positive association between short sprints and IAT performance, suggesting that linear sprinting speed determines a significant proportion of CODS performance. Therefore, police students and officers should include sprint training in their physical fitness routine.
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Streetman, Aspen, Darko Paspalj, Nemanja Zlojutro, Danijel Božić, J. Jay Dawes, and Filip Kukić. "Association of shorter and longer distance sprint running to change of direction speed in police students." Nauka bezbednost policija, no. 00 (2022): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/nabepo27-36289.
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Background. Law enforcement officers may experience unique physical demands while on duty, including pursuing a suspect on foot, clearing obstacles, rapidly moving between covers, and engaging in physical confrontations with violent offenders. Several different change of direction speed (CODS) assessments are routinely used to simulate these demands. However, the relationship between these assessments has not been fully explored. Thus, this study investigated the association of shorter and longer distance sprint running with CODS performance. Methods. 15 police students ran the 20-m sprint test, 300-yard shuttle run, and Illinois Agility Test (IAT). Correlation and regression analyses were used to investigate associations. The effect size analysis provided the magnitude of associations. Results. Correlation analysis determined moderate association between 0-10 m, 10-20 m, and 0-20 m sprint performance with the IAT. The regression analysis determined strong linear association of IAT with sprint 0-10 m (R 2 = 0.488, F = 12.385, p = 0.004), sprint 10-20 m (R 2 = 0.496, F = 12.775, p = 0.003), sprint 0-20 m (R 2 = 0.573, F = 17.468, p = 0.001), and no linear association with the 300-yard shuttle run. Conclusions. The current study found a significant positive association between short sprints and IAT performance, suggesting that linear sprinting speed determines a significant proportion of CODS performance. Therefore, police students and officers should include sprint training in their physical fitness routine.
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Menaspà, Paolo, Chris R. Abbiss, and David T. Martin. "Performance Analysis of a World-Class Sprinter During Cycling Grand Tours." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 8, no. 3 (May 2013): 336–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.8.3.336.
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This investigation describes the sprint performances of the highest internationally ranked professional male road sprint cyclist during the 2008–2011 Grand Tours. Sprint stages were classified as won, lost, or dropped from the front bunch before the sprint. Thirty-one stages were video-analyzed for average speed of the last km, sprint duration, position in the bunch, and number of teammates at 60, 30, and 15 s remaining. Race distance, total elevation gain (TEG), and average speed of 45 stages were determined. Head-to-head performances against the 2nd–5th most successful professional sprint cyclists were also reviewed. In the 52 Grand Tour sprint stages the subject started, he won 30 (58%), lost 15 (29%), was dropped in 6 (12%), and had 1 crash. Position in the bunch was closer to the front and the number of team members was significantly higher in won than in lost at 60, 30, and 15 s remaining (P < .05). The sprint duration was not different between won and lost (11.3 ± 1.7 and 10.4 ± 3.2 s). TEG was significantly higher in dropped (1089 ± 465 m) than in won and lost (574 ± 394 and 601 ± 423 m, P < .05). The ability to finish the race with the front bunch was lower (77%) than that of other successful sprinters (89%). However, the subject was highly successful, winning over 60% of contested stages, while his competitors won less than 15%. This investigation explores methodology that can be used to describe important aspects of road sprint cycling and supports the concept that tactical aspects of sprinting can relate to performance outcomes.
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Attia, Ahmed, Zied Nèji, Néjiba Farhat, Aymen Khemiri, Ahmed Kouki, Nejib Rejeb, Riadh Khalifa, and Chortane Sabri Gaied. "Relationships between Horizontal Drop Jump Test and Sprint Performance." Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal medicini, bìologìï ta sportu 6, no. 1 (February 26, 2021): 352–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.26693/jmbs06.01.352.
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Researchers and trainers are continually looking for determinants of soccer talent in the youngest and in the relationship between individual motor features relevant to this kind of sport. There is a fundamental consensus in the opinion that sprinting and jumping share a number of similar characteristics in soccer players. To the authors’ knowledge, the majority of the studies has been conducted in adult and young athletes and there has yet to be an analysis with prepubescent male players. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between the standing long jump, the three-hop test and sprint performance in prepubescent male soccer players. Material and methods. This study comprised 112 prepubescent soccer players (aged 12.08±1.79 years; height: 154.35±12.50 cm; body mass 43.69±10.28 kg). They were assessed for a 30-m linear sprint with three split sprint times, standing long jump test and three-hop test. The associations and relationships between horizontal jump performance in three-hop test and standing long jump with 0-5m, 10-m, 20-m and 30-m sprint times were investigated. Results and discussion. Correlations and linear regressions were assessed. There were weak and large associations between sprint and jump measures (r = -0.21 to -0.66; p <0.001). Linear regressions all included standing long jump as a predictor, but not three-hop test. There were no regression equations that would predict sprint times from triple hop distance that were significant. In their study of national team female athletes Agar-Newman and Klimstra, (2015) showed contradictory results. In their athletes, triple hop distance was a better predictor than standing long jump of both initial sprint speed, and maximal sprint speed. Thus, this area requires further research to better understand the mechanisms through which both sprint and jump performances are achieved in prepubescent male soccer players. Conclusion. Overall, the results of our study support the use of 30-m linear sprint and horizontal jump performance tests for prepubescent male soccer players. This research showed that sprint times correlated to horizontal jump performance in three-hop test and standing long jump tests. It showed the utility of the standing long jump test to evaluate lower limb performance between prepubescent male soccer players
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Martín-Fuentes, Isabel, and Roland van den Tillaar. "Relationship between Step-by-Step Foot Kinematics and Sprint Performance." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 11 (June 1, 2022): 6786. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116786.
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Foot stiffness is a modulator of sprint performance. However, studies that analysed foot angular velocities using inertial measuring units (IMU) for different events within the sprint contact time phase are scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between angular foot step-by-step kinematics and sprint performance during a 50-metre sprint in experienced male and female sprinters. Foot kinematics were measured using IMU devices integrated with a 3-axis gyroscope and a laser gun. The main findings were that men performed faster sprints (6.11 ± 0.35 s vs. 6.77 ± 0.24 s), but the maximal angular foot kinematics were the same between sexes. Maximal angular velocities increased until strides 6–7, where they stabilized. Time from touchdown to maximal dorsiflexion velocity did not change between strides, whereas time from maximal dorsiflexion velocity to toe off decreased until stride 6. Plantarflexion velocities, especially in toe off, showed the greatest associations with sprint times, whereas maximal dorsiflexion velocity presented no association with sprint times. The time from dorsiflexion velocity to toe off from stride 7 onwards determined the sprint performance and was shorter for faster sprinters. The analysis of these variables provides essential information to athletes and coaches that may help to enhance the quality and efficiency of the sprint cycle by giving detailed information on each single stride of the sprint.
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Seitz, Laurent B., Matt Barr, and G. Gregory Haff. "Effects of Sprint Training With or Without Ball Carry in Elite Rugby Players." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 10, no. 6 (September 2015): 761–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2014-0193.
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Purpose:To compare the effects of sprint training with or without ball carry on the sprint performance of elite rugby league players.Methods:Twenty-four elite rugby league players were divided into a ball-carry group (BC; n = 12) and a no-ball-carry group (NBC; n = 12). The players of the BC group were required to catch and carry the ball under 1 arm during each sprint, whereas the NBC group performed sprints without carrying a ball. The 8-wk training intervention took place during the precompetitive phase of the season and consisted of 2 sessions/wk. Sprint performance was measured before and after the training intervention with 40-m linear sprints performed under 2 conditions: with and without ball carry. Split times of 10, 20, and 40 m were recorded for further analysis. A 3-way (group × time × condition) factorial ANOVA was performed to compare changes in sprint performance with and without the ball, before and after the training intervention for both BC and NBC training groups.Results:The BC and NBC groups experienced similar improvements in 10-, 20-, and 40-m sprint times and accelerations, regardless of the condition under which the sprint tests were performed (P = .19).Conclusions:Sprint training while carrying a rugby ball is as effective as sprint training without carrying a rugby ball for improving the sprint performance of elite rugby league players.
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Lockie, Robert George, Ashley Orjalo, and Matthew Moreno. "A PILOT ANALYSIS: CAN THE BULGARIAN SPLIT-SQUAT POTENTIATE SPRINT ACCELERATION IN STRENGTH-TRAINED MEN?" Facta Universitatis, Series: Physical Education and Sport 15, no. 3 (January 30, 2018): 453. http://dx.doi.org/10.22190/fupes1703453l.
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This study determined whether a five repetition-maximum Bulgarian split-squat (5RM BSS) could potentiate a 0-5, 0-10, and 0-20 m (meter) sprint performance. Seven men were assessed in the 5RM BSS (a linear position transducer measured peak power [PP] and force [PF] for each leg), and completed two post activation potentiation (PAP) sessions. One session involved a control condition (CC) of 4 minutes (min) rest; the other the 5RM BSS. Participants were assessed in baseline sprints, and sprints of 15 seconds, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 16 min post-PAP intervention. A repeated measures ANOVA (p < 0.05) calculated significant changes in sprint times. The best potentiated time for each interval was also compared to the baseline. Spearman’s correlations (r; p < 0.05) calculated relationships between absolute and relative strength, PP and PF, with percent potentiation in sprint times. The BSS did not potentiate speed at any time, although there was great individual variation. The best 0-5 m time was significantly different from the baseline (p = 0.022), with no differences between PAP conditions. Significant correlations were found between strength and sprint potentiation at 16 min for the 0-5 m interval, and at 8 min and the best times for the 0-20 m interval (r = -0.786 to -0.893). There were correlations between PP and PF for each leg with sprint potentiation from 2-12 min across all intervals (r = -0.786 to -0.964). Stronger individuals who generate greater PP and PF in a 5RM BSS will be more likely to potentiate 20-m sprint performance.
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Wang, Pin. "Analysis of Relaxation and Relaxation Training on Sprint Performance Impact." Advanced Materials Research 937 (May 2014): 691–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.937.691.
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The sprint is an extreme speedy sport of high strength lack of oxygen metabolism. While athletes are improving sprint speed, they often ignore the importance of relaxing, which is one of the factors to enhance their performance. This article, from the perspective of exercise physiology, the principle of energy metabolism and muscle area, describes the influence of relaxation and relaxation training on sprint performance. At the same time, it expresses individual opinion on how athletes achieve relaxation in the state and the training methods and so on, for reference.
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Möck, Sebastian, René Hartmann, and Klaus Wirth. "VERTICAL JUMPING PERFORMANCE RELATES TO SPRINTING PERFORMANCE OVER SHORT DISTANCES AND DIFFERENT SECTIONS." Journal of Applied Sports Sciences 2, no. 2021 (December 20, 2021): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.37393/jass.2021.02.2.
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A high level of sprinting performance is relevant in various sports. Because of the transition of movement patterns in different sprint sections there is a shift in the relevance of speed-strength of the knee and hip extensors, and stretch-shortening cycle performance seems conceivable. Fifty-six physical education students (23.70 ± 3.00 years, 176.9 ± 8.10cm, 74.20 ± 10.30kg) were investigated. They performed sprints up to 30m in which different sections were analyzed and vertical jumps (squat jump, countermovement jump, drop jump from different dropping heights). Vertical jumping tests in squat jump and countermovement jump revealed mean values of 31.95 ± 6.56cm and 34.28 ± 7.47cm, respectively, while the drop jumps showed mean RSI values between 155.11 ± 36.77 and 168.24 ± 36.29 dependent on the dropping height. The sprint test showed a mean performance of 4.464 ± .343s (30m). The correlational analysis showed significant correlations (p < .01) for vertical jumping height with all sprinting sections (r = −.652 to −.834). Drop jump performance also showed significant correlations (p < .01) with all the sections (r = −.379 to −.594). The results let us hypothesize that the observed sample generated similar ground-reaction forces in the sprint and drop jump from a height of 40 cm.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sprint performance analysis"
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Menaspa, Paolo. "Analysis of road sprint cycling performance." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2015. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1575.
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Sprint cycling ability is a key determinant of road cycling performance, with many races designed specifically for sprinters. The ability to excel in the final sprint is relevant for both individual riders and teams. Despite the importance of sprints within professional road cycling, the characteristics of professional road sprints and sprinters have yet to be extensively described. Thus, the overall objective of the five research studies contained within this doctoral thesis was to describe road cycling sprint performance and improve the general understanding of the physical, technical and tactical factors associated with such performances.
The first two descriptive field studies document the physical and physiological demand of sprint races during actual road cycling competitions. Specifically, Study 1 was designed to quantify the demands of sprinting in the male professional category. Seventeen competitions from six male professional cyclists (mean ± SD: age, 27.0 ± 3.8 y; height, 1.76 ± 0.03 m; weight, 71.7 ± 1.1 kg) who placed Top 5 in professional road races were analysed. Calibrated SRM power meters were used to monitor power output, cadence and heart rate. Data were averaged over the entire race, different durations prior to the sprint (60, 10, 5 and 1 min) and during the actual sprint. Variations in power during the final 10 min of the race were quantified using Exposure Variation Analysis. Power, cadence and heart rate were different between various phases of the race, increasing from 316 ± 43 W, 95 ± 4 rpm and 88 ± 3 % of maximal heart rate in the last 10 min to 487 ± 58 W, 102 ± 6 rpm and 96 ± 2 % of maximal heart rate in the last minute prior to the sprint. The peak power during the sprint was 17.4 ± 1.7 W∙kg-1. Exposure Variation Analysis revealed a significantly greater number of short duration and high intensity efforts in the final five minutes of the race, compared with the penultimate five minutes (p=0.01). These findings quantified the power output requirements associated with high level sprinting in men’s professional road cycling and highlighted the need for both aerobic and anaerobic fitness. In Study 2, the characteristics of successful road sprints in professional and under 23 y male cycling races were compared. As in Study 1, Study 2 also described the exercise intensity for the sprinters throughout final 10 min of the race. Nine successful (Top 3) sprints performed by a professional (PRO: 23 y, 1.76 m, 71.8 kg) and an under 23 (U23: 18 y, 1.67 m, 63.2 kg) cyclist sprinter were analysed in this study. No statisticaldifferences were found between PRO and U23 in the absolute peak power, mean power, duration and total work during the sprint (PRO: 1370 ± 51 W, 1120 ± 33 W, 14.5 ± 2.4 s, 16.2 ± 2.6 KJ; U23: 1318 ± 60 W, 1112 ± 68 W, 12.8 ± 1.1 s, 14.2 ± 1.4 KJ). However, the intensity of the race recorded in the last 10 min prior to the sprint was significantly higher in PRO compared with U23 (4.6 ± 0.3 and 3.7 ± 0.2 W·kg-1, respectively). Race duration, total elevation gain (TEG) and mean power were similar between PRO and U23. In conclusion, the physiological demands leading into road sprints (intensity of the last 10 min) were found to be higher in PRO compared to U23 races. Nevertheless, a similar sprint power output (> 2500 W·Ap-1 or > 15.5 W·kg-1 for approximately 14 s, with a peak power output > 3100 W·Ap-1 or > 19 W·kg-1; where Ap is Projected Frontal Area) indicates that sprint characteristics may be similar in PRO and U23.
As a result of the findings observed in the first two studies of this thesis, Study 3 was designed to better understand the effects of variable and non-variable exercises that replicate the intensity of the final portion of road competitions on maximal sprint performance. In this laboratory trial, ten internationally competitive male cyclists (age, 20.1 ± 1.3 y; height, 1.81 ± 0.07 m weight, 69.5 ± 4.9 kg; and VO2max, 72.5 ± 4.4 ml·kg-1·min-1) performed a 12-s maximal sprint in a rested state and again following: i) 10 min of non-variable cycling, and ii) 10 min of variable cycling. Variable and non-variable trials were conducted in a randomized, crossover fashion. The intensity during the 10 min efforts gradually increased to replicate the pacing observed in final sections of cycling road races. During the variable cycling subjects performed short (2 s) accelerations at 80% of their peak sprint power, every 30 s. Mean power output, cadence and heart rate during the 10 min efforts were similar between conditions (5.3 ± 0.2 W∙kg-1, 102 ± 1 rpm, and 93 ± 3 %, respectively). Post exercise blood lactate concentration and perceived exertion immediately after exercise were also similar (8.3 ± 1.6 mmol∙L-1, 15.4 ± 1.3 (6-20 scale), respectively). Peak and mean power output and cadence during the subsequent maximal sprint were not significantly different between the three experimental conditions (p≥0.14). These results indicate that neither the variable nor the non-variable 10 min efforts performed within this study impaired the sprint performance in elite competitive cyclists.
Due to the importance of the elevation gain variable in road cycling, the fourth study of this thesis was methodological and investigated the consistency of commercially available devices used to measure the TEG during races and training. This chapter was separated in two observational validation studies. Garmin (Forerunner 310XT, Edge 500 Edge 750 and Edge 800; with and without elevation correction) and SRM (Power Control 7) devices were used to measure TEG over a 15.7 km mountain climb performed on 6 separate occasions (6 devices; Study 4a) and during a 138 km cycling event (164 devices; Study 4b). TEG was significantly different between Garmin and SRM devices (p
The final study of this thesis was an analysis of technical and tactical factors that influence sprint performance in professional competitions; particular focus was put on the TEG which was a factor identified as a potential cause of fatigue. More specifically, the subject of Study 5 was the highest international ranked professional male road sprint cyclist during the 2008-2011 seasons. Grand Tour sprint stages were classified as WON, LOST, or DROPPED from the front bunch prior to the sprint. Video of 31 stages were analysed for mean speed of the last km, sprint duration, position in the bunch and number of teammates at 60, 30, and 15 s remaining. Race distance, TEG and mean speed of 45 stages were determined. Head-to-head performances against the 2nd to 5th most successful professional sprint cyclists were also reviewed. Within the 52 Grand Tour sprint stages the subject started, he WON 30 (58%), LOST 15 (29%), was DROPPED in 6 (12%) and had one crash. Position in the bunch was closer to the front and the number of team members was significantly higher in WON compared to LOST at 60, 30 and 15 s remaining (p
In conclusion, the general findings of this thesis were as follows: as expected, exercise intensity significantly increases in the last 10 min of relatively flat road races; there is a significantly greater number of short duration and high intensity efforts in the final 5 min of competitive road cycling races when compared with the penultimate 5 min; sprint duration and peak power output does not differ between PRO and U23 races and is approximately 13 s and 17 W∙kg-1, respectively; the physiological demands in the 10 min before the sprint are higher in PRO compared to U23 races; neither a variable nor a non-variable 10 min lead up effort appears to impair the sprint performance of elite competitive cyclists; measurements of elevation gain are consistent within devices of the same brand, but differed between brands or when different settings were used; and technical and tactical aspects of road sprinting are related to performance outcomes.
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Farley, Oliver. "Assessment of competitive requirements, repeated sprint paddle ability and trainability of paddling performance in surfers." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2016. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1912.
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Studies examining the physical demands of surfing, the physiological characteristics of surfers, training techniques and various indices important to surfing performance are limited and characterised by methodological discrepancies. This thesis consists of five studies to assess the competitive requirements, test specific repeat sprint fitness and the trainability of sprint paddling in surfers.
Initially an understanding of surfing movement patterns and a determination of the reliability and validity of custom-made GPS units was established (SurfTraX, Gold Coast, Australia) (Study 1: The validity and inter-unit reliability of custom-made SurfTraX GPS units and use during surfing). Durations, intensities, external loads and velocity of movements during competitive surfing were then examined (Study 2: Workloads of competitive surfing: A performance analysis of three surfing competitions). During competition surfers paddle 44% of the total time and have a significantly higher work to rest ratio at a beach-break compared to point-breaks. Further, point-breaks involve longer continuous durations of paddling, with significantly longer rides, compared to the beachbreak. Data from Study 2 aided in forming the rationale for developing and determining the reliability of a novel repeat sprint paddle test (RSPT) (Study 3: The repeat-sprint paddle test: A protocol for measuring surfing athletes’ sprint paddle performance). With lacking appropriate and valid testing protocols for evaluating physiological qualities in surfing athletes, Study 3 determined that the measurements of RSPT total time, best 15m time, and peak velocity from recreational and competitive surfers were reliable between days. Additionally, the smallest worthwhile change ranged from 0.02 to 2.7 s, demonstrating high sensitivity in detecting performance changes. After determining the reliability of the RSPT, this study investigated the durations that adolescent competitive surfers spend surfing and physically training.
In the pilot study (Study 4: Tracking 6 Weeks of Training/Surfing Sessions of Adolescent Competitive Surfers: Just what are these young surfers up to?) adolescent surfers provided details on the amount of time spent free surfing, being coached, competing, strength training, conditioning and undertaking balance work over six weeks. It was found that adolescent surfers spent 14 more hours surfing than doing any form of land-based training, including no form of specific paddle training. Following the conclusions of Study 4, Study 5 examined the effectiveness of implementing structured training on the paddling abilities of adolescent surfers (Study 5: Five weeks of sprint and high intensity interval training improves paddling performance in adolescent surfers). It was discovered that high intensity interval training (HIT) (30 s sprint paddling) decreased athletes 400m endurance paddle time, and sprint interval training (SIT) (10 s sprint paddling) decreased the total RSPT time. Such training can be implemented to improve aerobic and repeat sprint paddle ability, which are key aspects of the sport. Additionally, the 400m paddle and RSPT can possibly discriminate between aerobic and anaerobic training adaptations, with aerobic gains likely from HIT and anaerobic gains likely from SIT.
Overall, this thesis established greater in-depth information on competitive surfing, an innovative and reliable test to assess repeat sprint ability, and two training methods that produced beneficial sprint and endurance paddle improvements.
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Toon, Daniel. "Design and analysis of sprint footwear to investigate the effects of longitudinal bending stiffness on sprinting performance." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2008. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/12125.
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There is evidence to suggest that the bending stiffness of footwear can be adapted to influence sprinting performance. In addition, it has been suggested that to achieve maximal performance, the mechanical properties of this footwear needs customising to an individual athlete. Due to a lack of detailed biomechanical data, the influence of longitudinal bending stiffness on the dynamics of the lower extremity during sprint running remains largely unexplained and is subject to considerable speculation. Thus, the aim of this work is to develop functional sprint footwear in a range of different longitudinal bending stiffnesses in order to explore the effects on measures of sprinting performance and lower extremity dynamics. Novel mechanical test procedures were developed and benchmark properties of current commercial sprint spikes were ascertained. Bending stiffness data showed considerable variability amongst those sprint spikes aimed at athletes of a higher competitive standard, which indicates that there is no consensus regarding optimum stiffness. A kinematic analysis of barefoot and shod sprinting was undertaken to investigate the influence of sprint footwear on lower extremity kinematics. Medial and lateral sagittal plane data were collected at the start and in the acceleration (10 m) and maximal speed (50 m) phases of a 100 m distance. Metatarsophalangeal joint (MPJ) angular range and velocity were significantly reduced in sprint spikes compared to barefoot conditions and the magnitude of the controlling affect was larger at 10 m compared to 50 m. Selective laser sintering of nylon was used to produce a number of sprint shoe sole units each of different thickness. These were attached to standard uppers to produce a range of longitudinal bending stiffnesses encompassing those already commercially available. The influence of shoe stiffness on sprinting perfonnance was assessed using specific jump metrics that were selected for use based on their high correlations with sprinting perfonnance during starting and maximal speed sprinting. Results indicated that sprint shoe longitudinal bending stiffness influenced the dynamics of the lower extremity during squat and bounce drop jumps. The relationship between maximal perfonnance and shoe stiffness was specific to the jump metric; best performance was achieved in intermediate stiffness shoes for the squat jumps and high stiffness for bounce drop jumps. Six bespoke pairs of sprint shoes with bending stiffness spanning and exceeding that of current commercial sprint spikes were developed. Results showed that MPJ and ankle joint dynamics were affected by longitudinal bending stiffness during squat and bounce drop jumps. Angular velocities of the MP and ankle joints were significantly reduced with increasing longitudinal bending stiffness. For the squat jump, ankle joint moments increased with shoe longitudinal bending stiffness and reached an individually optimal level within the stiffness range. This was also the case for ankle joint power and mechanical energy. The bounce drop jump saw mechanical energy generation at the MPJ increase with shoe longitudinal bending stiffness. Different levels of longitudinal bending stiffness were required for maximal performance in each jump type. This infers that sprint shoe bending stiffness requirements may vary according to the phase of the race. Furthermore, individual responses to different stiffnesses highlighted the importance of personalising mechanical properties to the requirements of a particular athlete for maximal performance. This research has focused on the use of discrete jump metrics to assess performance and therefore future work should aim to investigate the implications of different stiffness conditions using measures of actual sprinting. Also, further detailed musculoskeletal explorations are required in order to fully understand the precise mechanism by which longitudinal bending stiffness influences performance.
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Chaudhary, Sanjeev. "Ride and roll performance analysis of a vehicle with spring-loaded interconnected hydro-pneumatic suspension." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0004/MQ39478.pdf.
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Viguier, Loïc Arthur. "Analysis of the agronomic and economic performances of lentil-spring wheat intercrops in organic farming." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/23674/1/Viguier_Loic1.pdf.
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Lentil (Lens culinaris Med.) is an important component of the human diet in the world, but in the meantime, Europe produces only 26% of the lentils it consumes. This is partly due to strong agronomic weaknesses that reduce yield such as lodging, bruchid beetles and weeds, especially in organic farming. Intercropping, the simultaneous growing of two or more species in the same field is tested here as an option to reduce these drawbacks and develop organic lentil production. The aims of this thesis were to (1) assess the potential of lentil-spring wheat intercrops to produce organic lentil, (2) understand the mechanisms that explain their performances, and (3) evaluate the profitability of such intercrops. A two-year field experiment was carried out in southwestern France in 2015 and 2016 under organic farming rules. Four lentil and two wheat cultivars were grown as sole crops and intercrops in multiple additive and substitutive designs. Our results showed that the total intercrop attainable grain yield was higher than the mean of sole crops. Yet, lentil yield in intercrop was lower than in sole crop as the result of a strong competition for resources from wheat in early lentil growth stages reducing the number of branches per plant of lentil. This led to lower gross margins of intercrops. However, lentil lodging was strongly reduced in intercrops thus its mechanical harvest efficiency increased. This led to similar mechanically harvested yields of lentil in intercrop and sole crop. Consequently, after mechanical harvest and grain cleaning, the marketable gross margin of intercrops was higher than that of sole crops. Our results suggest that (1) intercrop had no effect on bruchids, (2) the most effective intercrop is when lentil is at sole crop density and wheat at 15-20%, (3) intercrop performance is due to complementary use of N pools through legume N2 fixation and (4) the intensity of interspecific interactions depends on year, wheat density and genotypes. Our work indicates that lentil-spring wheat intercrop can develop organic lentil production but a better understanding of Genotype x Environment x Cropping system interactions may be useful to design optimized managements.
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Tang, Tricia. "A comparative analysis of college student spring break destinations an empirical study of tourism destination attributes." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/626.
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The tourism industry has become one of the fastest growing sectors in the world's economy, contributing 9.1% of world GDP and more than 260 million jobs worldwide (World Travel & Tourism Council, 2011). The U.S college student market has emerged as major segment within this sector, generating approximately $15 billion on annual domestic and international travel. Among the various travel patterns of college students, they are most highly motivated for spring break travel, with more than two million students traveling per season (Bai et al., 2004; Borgerding, 2001; Reynolds, 2004). This research, through surveying college students majoring in hospitality and tourism management, analyzed the significance of college student perceptions of key spring break destination attributes. A total of 281 usable responses were subjected to the Principal Component Analysis that generated six dimensions: Breaking Away, Sun and Beach, Safety and Hygiene, Psychological Distance, Price and Value, and Social Exploration, comprised of 24 key attributes that influence a college spring breaker's destination selection decision. An Importance-Performance Analysis (Martilla & James, 1977) was conducted based on the respondents' assessment of attributes on five of the six dimensions. The results of the IPA allowed comparison of the top four most visited destinations identified by the respondents: Daytona Beach, South Beach Miami, Panama City Beach, and Clearwater Beach/Tampa. The study findings may provide valuable implications for destination service providers to improve their destination's appeal in this highly competitive and lucrative market. Future research on college spring break groups located in different geographic locations within the country is highly encouraged to better understand the general characteristics of this market.B.S.
Bachelors
Rosen College of Hospitality Management
Hospitality Management
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Stroud, Trevor. "Enhancing vehicle dynamics through real-time tyre temperature analysis." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020599.
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Vehicle suspension optimisation is a complex and difficult task, as there are a variety of factors influencing the dynamic performance of a vehicle. During suspension development, the optimisation of a selected few of these factors is often to the detriment of others, as they are all inter-related. In addition, expertise in vehicle setup and suspension tuning is scarce, and is limited to experienced racing teams and large automotive manufacturers with extensive research and development capabilities. The motivation for this research was therefore to provide objective and user-friendly methodologies for vehicle suspension optimisation, in order to support student projects like Formula Student, while having relevance to the needs of the South African automotive industry and racing community. With the onset of digital data acquisition, it has become feasible to take real-time measurements of tyre temperatures, to provide information on how a tyre is performing at a specific point on the track. Measuring the tyre surface temperature can provide a useful indication on whether the tyre is loaded equally or not, and what suspension adjustments should be made to improve tyre load distribution.
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Fdili, Alaoui Sarah. "Analyse du geste dansé et retours visuels par modèles physiques : apport des qualités de mouvement à l'interaction avec le corps entier." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00805519.
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La présente thèse a pour but d'approfondir l'étude du geste dans le cadre de l'interaction Homme Machine. Il s'agit de créer de nouveaux paradigmes d'interaction qui offrent à l'utilisateur de plus amples possibilités d'expression basées sur le geste. Un des vecteurs d'expression du geste, très rarement traité en Interaction Homme Machine, qui lui confère sa coloration et son aspect, est ce que les théoriciens et praticiens de la danse appellent " les qualités de mouvement ". Nous mettons à profit des collaborations avec le domaine de la danse pour étudier la notion de qualités de mouvement et l'intégrer à des paradigmes d'interaction gestuelle. Notre travail analyse les apports de l'intégration des qualités de mouvement comme modalité d'interaction, fournit les outils propices à l'élaboration de cette intégration (en termes de méthodes d'analyse, de visualisation et de contrôle gestuel), en développe et évalue certaines techniques d'interaction.Les contributions de la thèse se situent d'abord dans la formalisation de la notion de qualités de mouvement et l'évaluation de son intégration dans un dispositif interactif en termes d'expérience utilisateur. Sur le plan de la visualisation des qualités de mouvement, les travaux menés pendant la thèse ont permis de démontrer que les modèles physiques masses-ressorts offrent de grandes possibilités de simulation de comportements dynamiques et de contrôle en temps réel. Sur le plan de l'analyse, la thèse a permis de développer des approches novatrices de reconnaissance automatique des qualités de mouvement de l'utilisateur. Enfin, à partir des approches d'analyse et de visualisation des qualités de mouvement, la thèse a donné lieu à l'implémentation d'un ensemble de techniques d'interaction. Elle a appliqué et évalué ses techniques dans le contexte de la pédagogie de la danse et de la performance.
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Lin, Yen-Hsuen, and 林燕雪. "A study of Applying Marketing to Evaluate Hot Spring Tourism with Importance-Performance Analysis in Guanzihling Hot Spring Area." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/h2q2fs.
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碩士嘉南藥理大學
觀光事業管理系
102
The Purpose of this study was to evaluate marketing 6Ps development of hot spring tourism with Importance-Performance Analysis( IPA) in Guanzihling hot spring area. Expectly, the study could discuss and develop possible marketing strategies via ( IPA) approach and enhance tourists’ revisit intention. The method of this study was to use questionnaire survey to investigate marketing 6Ps of Guanzihling hot spring area. The instrument was developed by researcher based on Chiu’s (2001), Gyte and Phelps’ (1989), Juaneda’s (1996), Kozak’s (2001) and Hu’s (2003) instrument of marketing 6Ps and revisit intention. The pilot study was conducted to establish reliability and validity of instrument by item analysis, factor analysis and Cronbach’s alpha. Afterwards, purposive sampling was utilized for formal survey. A Total 278 available copy questionnaires were collected and description analysis, one-way ANOVA, t-test, multiple regression and ( IPA) were adopted to analyze data. The result of this study indicated that the tourists who are older, high education, more frequency visiting Guanzihling hot spring area, and had joined gourmet festival and used coupons were more satisfied and attached importance on marketing strategies of Guanzihling hot spring area. The performance of policy strategy and product strategy and importance of product strategy and partnership strategy predicted tourists’ revisit intention significantly. Furthermore, different attributes and dimensions of marketing 6Ps had divergent positions on( IPA) perceptual map.
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CHANG, YU-JIA, and 張育嘉. "Design, Fabrication and Performance Analysis of Stacked Composite Disc Springs." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6x45u6.
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碩士逢甲大學
纖維與複合材料學系
106
Due to the increasing air pollution in recent years, it is necessary to reduce the weight of the vehicle to achieve energy consumption reduction. This study designed and manufactured a new type of stacked composite disc springs. The first stage uses the computer-aided design software Solidworks to design the structure and forming mold of the stacked composite disc spring. Through the finite element analysis software ABAQUS, the direction of the principal stress generated when the disk spring is compressed, and the lamination angle is designed according to the direction of the principal stress. In the second stage, a single composite disc spring was fabricated using carbon fiber and basalt fiber/epoxy composites, the effects of different manufacturing parameters on the physical and compression properties of the single composite disc spring were also investigated. In the third stage, a stacked composite disc springs were fabricated with the best performance manufacturing parameters, and the compression and fatigue properties of the stacked composite disc springs were discussed. According to the research results, the use of carbon fiber composite materials to manufacture stacked composite disc springs can achieve better spring performance, and its fatigue life is about 430,000 times. However, a certain structure in the stacked composite disc spring is more likely to cause stress concentration and cause more serious fatigue damage, so further improvement was needed in the future, so that the stacked composite disc spring has more practical application value.
Books on the topic "Sprint performance analysis"
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Ltd, ICON Group. SPRINT CORP.: International Competitive Benchmarks and Financial Gap Analysis (Financial Performance Series). 2nd ed. Icon Group International, Inc., 2000.
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Tomkinson, Grant R., and Timothy S. Olds. Field tests of fitness. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199232482.003.0009.
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Chapter 9 focuses on field tests which are commonly used to estimate aerobic and anaerobic fitness in children and adolescents. The discussion will be limited to field tests requiring maximal effort, such as distance running tests of aerobic fitness and jumping and sprint running tests of anaerobic fitness (see Chapters 5 and 8 for an analysis of laboratory assessment of these variables). There will also be a discussion of secular changes in aerobic and anaerobic performance.
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Ltd, ICON Group. SPRING GROUP PLC: International Competitive Benchmarks and Financial Gap Analysis (Financial Performance Series). 2nd ed. Icon Group International, Inc., 2000.
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Ltd, ICON Group. SANDY SPRING BANCORP, INC.: International Competitive Benchmarks and Financial Gap Analysis (Financial Performance Series). 2nd ed. Icon Group International, 2000.
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Ltd, ICON Group. CHUO SPRING CO., LTD.: International Competitive Benchmarks and Financial Gap Analysis (Financial Performance Series). 2nd ed. Icon Group International, 2000.
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Ltd, ICON Group, and ICON Group International Inc. NHK SPRING CO., LTD.: International Competitive Benchmarks and Financial Gap Analysis (Financial Performance Series). 2nd ed. Icon Group International, 2000.
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Ltd, ICON Group. KATO SPRING WORKS CO., LTD.: International Competitive Benchmarks and Financial Gap Analysis (Financial Performance Series). 2nd ed. Icon Group International, 2000.
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Ltd, ICON Group, and ICON Group International Inc. V&S VIN & SPRIT AB: International Competitive Benchmarks and Financial Gap Analysis (Financial Performance Series). 2nd ed. Icon Group International, 2000.
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Miller, Brett A., Roch J. Shipley, Ronald J. Parrington, and Daniel P. Dennies, eds. Analysis and Prevention of Component and Equipment Failures. ASM International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.hb.v11a.9781627083294.
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Volume 11A provides information and insights on the factors that determine the useful service life of engineering components and the likely timing and mode of failure. It addresses nearly every stage of the product lifecycle from materials selection and design to manufacturing, operation, maintenance, and repair. It explains how to use life assessment methods to evaluate the effect of corrosion, fatigue, brittle fracture, elevated temperature, and other forms of damage. It also includes a section that examines the effects of casting, forming, welding, heat treating, and other manufacturing processes on component lifetime and performance. The final and by far largest section in the volume presents and analyzes the failure of metal shafts, fasteners, bearings, springs, and gears as well as pressure vessels, boilers, heat exchangers, pipelines, bridges, cranes, rail equipment, and medical devices. For information on the print version of Volume 11A, ISBN: 978-1-62708-327-0, follow this link.
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Yaari, Nurit. Aristophanes and the Occupied Territories. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198746676.003.0005.
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This chapter discusses an important trait of the Israeli theatre. It is inherently political by nature and it springs from and constantly reflects the complex realities of modern Israeli society: the continual wars, the innumerable cease-fires, ad hoc peace agreements, territorial occupations, military operations in response to terrorist attacks, and painful and disappointing attempts to reach permanent agreements and peace in the region. It is not surprising then that Israeli playwrights and directors who have searched for a suitable response to the Six Day War and the occupation have chosen Aristophanes as a teacher, guide, and mentor. Analysing an Israeli adaptation of Aristophanes’ comedy, Peace (1968), and several political satires of the Israeli playwright Hanoch Levin, this chapter examines the political role played by Israeli theatre, the use of performance as a tool of political criticism, and the role of theatre in demands for immediate negotiations for peace.
Book chapters on the topic "Sprint performance analysis"
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Saal, Christian, Norman Helm, and Olaf Prieske. "Anthropometry, Physical Fitness, Sport-Specific Performance and the Prediction of Performance Level in Young Canoe Sprint Athletes." In Proceedings of the 9th International Performance Analysis Workshop and Conference & 5th IACSS Conference, 74–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99333-7_11.
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Calabretta, Michele, Alessandro Sitta, Salvatore Massimo Oliveri, and Gaetano Sequenzia. "Simulation of Dynamic Stresses on High Performance Engine Valve Spring System Considering Coil Clashing Effect." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 108–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70566-4_18.
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AbstractThe valve train plays a major role in the performance of internal combustion engines by controlling the combustion process and it is therefore one of the key aspects for increasing the efficiency of combustion engines. Considering the dynamics, the spring force must be high enough to reliably close the valve preventing from seating bouncing due to surge modes after the valve closure. On the other side, the spring force should be kept as low as possible in order to reduce the engine friction losses and consequently the fuel consumption. In the high-performance engines, the valve springs have to be designed and optimized for sustaining higher stresses with compact dimensions leading to critical material and manufacturing processes. This requires a reduction of moving masses and a strong focus on design and process optimization of the coil springs for reducing the mechanical load and the friction losses at low engine speed. At the same time, valve train should be reliable at high engine speed. The calculation of stresses and contact forces for moving parts under dynamic load is essential for durability analysis. A method to calculate the contact of moving masses is described and proposed to justify valve motions experimental results. To fully understand the failure mechanism of test bed reliability trials, the dynamic stresses have been calculated modeling the real springs’ shape. The contact forces have been reproduced considering the coil clash effects and the dynamic behavior of the flexible spring.
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Durner, Edward F. "Analyzing a series of experiments." In Applied plant science experimental design and statistical analysis using the SAS® OnDemand for Academics, 252–84. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249927.0016.
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Abstract In many plant science experiments, normally there are certain factors that can't be control which may influence the outcome of the work. Such factors include weather and pest pressure. In order to get an accurate and reliable measure of crop performance, the experiment is repeated over time, location or both. These repeated experiments should be analyzed in such a fashion that the data from each individual experiment are combined into one grand analysis. This chapter will cover these types of experiments and their analysis. The influence of nitrogen fertilization on broccoli productivity during two seasons, spring and fall, was used as an example.
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Hoy, Zoe. "Use of Framework Synthesis to Identify the Factors Considered for Five Popular Prioritisation Approaches." In Advances in Systems Analysis, Software Engineering, and High Performance Computing, 157–67. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-9059-1.ch009.
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Software requirement prioritisation is an important task that ultimately determines whether the software is successful and achieves customer satisfaction. Startups use agile methodologies to develop software, as it adapts to requirement changes well and delivers software quickly in short increments, called sprints. However, there is little research about the practices of agile requirement re-prioritisation, the activity to reprioritise requirements at the start of each sprint. This research contributes to this gap by identifying the factors considered for five popular prioritisation approaches and compares them to the agile requirement re-prioritisation process. The results show that the approaches studied do not address all factors of the agile requirement re-prioritisation process. The planning game covers five of the factors whereas analytical hierarchy process covers three of the factors. This may influence the choice of approach used for agile requirement re-prioritisation. This study contributes important insights for requirement prioritisation literature and practice.
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Essebaa, Imane, Salima Chantit, and Mohammed Ramdani. "Integration of Agile Methodologies and Model-Driven Development." In Advances in Systems Analysis, Software Engineering, and High Performance Computing, 108–17. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3661-2.ch006.
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Agile methods (AM) and model-driven engineering (MDE) are two principal domains of software development. AM proposes best practices in information programming, while MDE focuses on technical part of software development. Both of these domains are in the way of improvement and evolution in order to facilitate the development of IT projects. However, these areas evolve separately despite the great number of researches that focus on improving development project' techniques. Thus, in this chapter the authors present an overview of their approach “Scrum with MoDAr-WA”, that aims to improve Scrum Agile methodology by combining two variants of MDE: model-driven architecture and mode-based testing with the V development lifecycle used to deal with sprint development in Scrum methodology. Then they present a comparison study between the standard Scrum process and Scrum with MoDAr-WA approach in order to highlight the authors' contribution to improve agile methodologies.
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Tsilionis, Konstantinos, and Yves Wautelet. "Aligning Strategic-Driven Governance of Business IT Services With Their Agile Development." In Advances in Systems Analysis, Software Engineering, and High Performance Computing, 228–47. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4165-4.ch012.
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Large organizations often describe IT needs in terms of services. IT governance mechanisms ensure investments lead to systems aligned with the long-term objectives. This business and IT alignment is often evaluated at the early stages when a service development decision needs to be taken. Evaluating such an alignment nevertheless requires knowledge and details on the tasks, activities, and requirements that the service is supposed to support. This is incompatible with agile development principles that prescribe to focus on an ad-hoc design built during a sprint. The latter indeed uses an operational approach where value delivered to stakeholders is the driver. This chapter advocates that investment decisions based on (coarse-grained) services is reconcilable with their agile development. It proposes Agile-MoDrIGo, a model-driven IT governance framework using services as scope elements and relying on agile to determine run-time behavior. To this end, the framework uses parallel top-down and bottom-up approaches based on conceptual models where integration is ensured by a middle layer.
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Ujwal, K., Leeladhar Nagdeve, and Harish Kumar. "Design and Analysis of Conical Spring Isolator." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde220721.
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An ideal vibration isolation system should have low transmissibility, extensive isolation range, and stiffness to support any static load. Isolators are designed and developed for various applications where vibrations in the system become a bane to it, we find that most of the isolators use rubber as an electrostatic element while other designs also adopt wire rope and springs. The spring-type isolators are metallic and offer better flexibility in addition to the longevity of their performance as rubber loses its elasticity over the period. Helical springs are extensively used in many applications where the isolator is intended to perform for longer periods. In this paper, we present a detailed design and analysis of the metallic spring conical isolator that finds its application in airborne systems.
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Samantaray, Arun K., and Smitirupa Pradhan. "Dynamic Analysis of Steering Bogies." In Advances in Civil and Industrial Engineering, 524–79. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0084-1.ch021.
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Running times of high-speed rolling stock can be reduced by increasing running speed on curved portions of the track. During curving, flange contact causes large lateral force, high frequency noises, flange wears and wheel load fluctuation at transition curves. To avoid derailment and hunting, and to improve ride comfort, i.e., to improve the curving performances at high speed, forced/active steering bogie design is studied in this chapter. The actively steered bogie is able to negotiate cant excess and deficiency. The bogie performance is studied on flexible irregular track with various levels of cant and wheel wear. The bogie and coach assembly models are developed in Adams VI-Rail software. This design can achieve operating speed up to 360 km/h on standard gauge ballasted track with 150mm super-elevation, 4km turning radius and 460m clothoid type entry curve design. The key features of the designed bogie are the graded circular wheel profiles, air-spring secondary suspension, chevron springs in the primary suspension, anti-yaw and lateral dampers, and the steering linkages.
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Savin, Sergei. "Control Methods for Bipedal Walking Robots With Integrated Elastic Elements." In Advances in Systems Analysis, Software Engineering, and High Performance Computing, 365–85. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7879-6.ch017.
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In this chapter, the problem of controlling bipedal walking robots with integrated elastic elements is considered. A survey of the existing control methods developed for walking robots is given, and their applicability to the task of controlling the robots with elastic elements is analyzed. The focus of the chapter lies with the feedback controller design. The chapter studies the influence that the elastic elements modelled as a spring-damper system have on the behavior of the control system. The influence of the spring-damper parameters and the inertial parameters of the actuator gear box and the motor shaft on the generated control laws and the resulting peak torques are discussed. The changes in these effects associated with motor torque saturation and sensors nonlinearities are studied. It is shown that the introduction of torque saturation changes the way the elastic drive parameters affect the resulting behavior of the control system. The ways to use obtained results in practice are discussed.
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"Symbolic Calculations." In Advances in Systems Analysis, Software Engineering, and High Performance Computing, 277–310. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7078-4.ch010.
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The chapter is devoted to symbolic calculations in which the variables and commands operate on mathematical expressions containing symbolic variables. The representation of a symbolic expression, its simplification, the solution of algebraic expressions, symbolic differentiation and integration, and conversion of the symbolic numbers to their decimal form are described. ODEs solutions are also presented. The final sections of the chapter give examples of the symbolic calculation implementation for some mechanical and tribological problems that were solved numerically in previous chapters, namely lengthening a two-spring scale, shear stress in a lubrication film, a centroid of a certain plate, and two-way solutions of the ODE describing the second order dynamical system – traditional and using the Laplace transform.
Conference papers on the topic "Sprint performance analysis"
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Kotev, Vladimir, and Boris Yankov. "ANALYSIS OF THE DIFFERENCES IN THE SPEED, ACCELERATION, AND POWER OF VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS ON DIFFERENT PLAYING SURFACES." In INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONGRESS “APPLIED SPORTS SCIENCES”. Scientific Publishing House NSA Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37393/icass2022/94.
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ABSTRACT Physical training of athletes on a sand surface is a method that is increasingly used in recent years. The present study analyzes how different surfaces affect students’ sprint power. The experiment used the “Running Anaerobic Sprint Test”(RAST)- 6 sprints of 35 m, with a break of 10 seconds between them by Mackenzie 2005. The participants conducted the test twice, in the sports hall and on dry sand. The study included 20 students (male) from the Medical University of Varna aged 19-23, training volleyball and beach volleyball. From the obtained results, the following indicators have been calculated: speed, acceleration, strength, and power. The results show that sand surface reduces the participants’ speed by an average of 10.66% which, is more than 0,5m per second. The average value of accelerations of all participants on the sand is 21.65% lower than indoor values. The difference in the ratio of the average values of the calculated powers is nearly 33%. The ability of students to maintain anaerobic performance on the sand is 1/3 lower than indoors. The results show that training on the sand increases requirements for physical capacity. As a result, students’ efforts for the same action are significantly greater. In conclusion, it can be stated that the training process on sand could improve the physical capacity of athletes practicing all kinds of sports, including hard surfaces. This can be used when planning training activities for each type of sport, as well as for all age groups.
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Zeljko, Ivan, Miodrag Spasic, and Damir Sekulic. "Predicting futsal specific change of direction speed and reactive agility; analysis of specific correlates in top-level players." In 12th International Conference on Kinanthropology. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9631-2020-18.
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Purpose: Change of direction speed (CODS) and reactive agility (RAG) are important qual-ities in futsal, but studies rarely examined the predictors of these conditioning capacities in players of advanced level. This study aimed to evaluate predictive validity of certain an-thropometric and conditioning capacities in evaluation of futsal specific CODS and RAG in top-level players. Methods: The sample comprised 54 male players from Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, members of teams competing at the highest national rank, including national champions for the 2017–2018 competitive season in both countries. The variables comprised set of pre-dictors (body mass, body height, triceps skinfold, reactive strength index [RSI], sprint 10 m [S10M], and broad jump [BJ]; and four criteria: futsal specific CODS and RAG, performed with and without dribbling (CODS_D, CODS_WD, RAG_D, RAG_WD). To identify the asso-ciation between variables Pearson’s correlation and multiple regressions were calculated. Results: Observed predictors explained statistically significant (p < 0.05) percentage of vari-ance for all four criteria (Rsq: 0.28, 0.30, 0.23 and 0.25, for CODS_WD, CODS_D, RAG_WD, RAG_D, respectively). Body mass was significant predictor for all criteria (Beta: 0.35–0.51), with poorer performances in heavier players. In both performances which involved dribbling, significant predictors was RSI (Beta: −0.27 and −0.31 for CODS_D and RAG_D, respective-ly), with superior performances in players with better RSI. The S10M and BJ were not identi-fied as being significantly correlated to studied RAG and CODS performances. Conclusion: Study confirmed specific influence of studied predictors of futsal specific CODS and RAG with consistent negative influence of body mass on studied performances. Almost certainly this can be explained by specifics of RAG and CODS execution. Specifically, tests are performed over relatively small distances, with several changes of direction, which clear-ly mimic the futsal specific performances. Although sprint performance is often observed as important determinant of CODS and RAG, herein we did not confirm its predictive validity in explanation of futsal specific CODS and RAG. Future studies should evaluate other poten-tially important predictors of these capacities in futsal.
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Rahman, Mosfequr, Tyler Bennett, David Glisson, Darrell Beckley, and Jobaidur Khan. "Finite Element Analysis of Prosthetic Running Blades Using Different Composite Materials to Optimize Performance." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-37293.
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A prosthetic limb is an artificial device that replaces missing body part, or parts. Prosthetic limbs are used for many different applications however the application of prosthetic limbs focused in this paper categorized as prosthetic enhancements. Prosthetic enhancements are special prosthetic that allow the patients to participate in more rigorous recreational activities, such as running. These prosthetic limbs now have started to arise in major sporting events like the Olympics. Some researchers say that the legs use only 25% of the energy that an able bodied leg would use. High performance prosthetic running legs made of carbon fiber, show great advantages over their metal counterparts. Including being lighter and being able to retain more strain energy, current carbon fiber running blades offered by Ossur provide the best performance in the market. In this study, prosthetic racing legs known as blades were analyzed using finite element analysis technique. Performance improvements of these blades were sought by creating mechanical models of the current Ossur products using the finite element analysis software ANSYS and incorporating better performing composite materials into the mechanical simulations. Two different composite materials have taken in consideration by which the legs are created from, these are thermoplastic values for polyethylene epoxy and Vinylester. The use of a new composite material reduces the strain in each of the existing blade geometries, and it permits fewer layers of carbon fiber to be required in the construction of these running blades, which reduces the weight of each leg. Three different blade designs such as Cheetah blade, Flex-Run blade and Flex-Sprint blade have been considered in this study. Also two different loading conditions on the blade such as standing and running conditions have been considered.
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Patel, Harshkumar, and Hong Zhou. "Analysis and Synthesis of Conical Coil Springs." In ASME 2021 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2021-69971.
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Abstract Springs are mechanical devices that are employed to resist forces, store energy, absorb shocks, mitigate vibrations, or maintain parts contacting each other. Spring wires are commonly coiled in the forms of helixes for either extension or compression. Helical springs usually have cylindrical shapes that have constant coil diameter, constant pitch and constant spring rate. Unlike conventional cylindrical coil springs, the coil diameter of conically coiled springs is variable. They have conical or tapered shapes that have a large coil diameter at the base and a small coil diameter at the top. The variable coil diameter enables conical coil springs generate desired load deflection relationships, have high lateral stability and low buckling liability. In addition, conical compression springs can have significantly larger compression or shorter compressed height than conventional helical compression springs. The compressed height of a conical compression spring can reach its limit that is the diameter of the spring wire if it is properly synthesized. The height of an undeformed conical coil spring can have its height of its spring wire if the spring pitch is chosen to be zero. The variable coil diameter of conical coil springs provides them with unique feature, but also raises their synthesis difficulties. Synthesizing conical coil springs that require large spring compression or small deformed spring height or constant spring rate is challenging. This research is motivated by surmounting the current challenges facing conical coil springs. In this research, independent parameters are introduced to control the diameter and pitch of a conical coil spring. Different conical coil springs are modeled. Their performances are simulated using the created models. The deflection-force relationships of conical coil springs are analyzed. The results from this research provide useful guidelines for developing conical coil springs.
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Jutte, Christine V., and Sridhar Kota. "Design of Planar Nonlinear Springs for Prescribed Load-Displacement Functions." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-35535.
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Nonlinear springs can simplify and improve the performance of a variety of devices, including prosthetics, MEMS, and vehicle suspensions. Each nonlinear spring application has unique load-displacement specifications that do not correspond to one general spring design. This limits the use of nonlinear springs and thus compromises the performance of these applications. This paper presents a generalized methodology, including topology, size, and shape optimization, for creating nonlinear springs with prescribed load-displacement functions. The methodology includes a new parametric model that represents nonlinear springs as a single-plane, ‘fractal’-like network of splines. The parametric model and the objective function are incorporated into a genetic algorithm optimization scheme. Nonlinear finite element analysis evaluates the large displacements of each spring design. Three nonlinear spring examples, each having uniquely prescribed load-displacement functions including a “J”-shaped, an “S”-shaped, and a constant-force function, generate designs that demonstrate the methodology’s effectiveness in designing nonlinear springs.
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Aydan, Go¨ksu, Ender Cig˘erog˘lu, and S. C¸ag˘lar Bas¸lamıs¸lı. "Application of Tuned Mass Dampers and Lever Type Vibration Isolator to the Quarter-Car Model in Order to Increase Ride Comfort." In ASME 2010 10th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2010-24277.
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In this paper, performance of passive vibration isolators, namely rotational / linear tuned mass dampers (TMD) and lever type vibration isolators (LVI), are investigated under different configurations for optimal ride comfort. TMDs reduce vibration levels by absorbing the energy of the system, especially around natural frequencies with the help of viscous dampers. Two types of TMDs, rotational and linear, are investigated in this study. Although linear TMDs can be more easily implemented on suspension systems, rotational TMDs show better performance in reducing vibration levels. The reason is that, the inertia effect of rotational TMDs is higher than linear TMDs. In order to obtain better results with TMDs, a study on different possible configurations is conducted. A plate, with very small mass, is added between sprung and unsprung masses without changing the original suspension spring stiffness and damping coefficients and acts as a support for in-series TMD applications. Finally, LVIs are implemented to reduce sprung mass acceleration and more satisfactory results are obtained especially around body bounce frequency.
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Bilali, Afrim, and Daniela Dasheva. "A STUDY COMPARISON FOR MOTOR ABILITIES FOR BOYS’ BASKETBALL PLAYERS U14 & U16 IN TIRANA." In INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONGRESS “APPLIED SPORTS SCIENCES”. Scientific Publishing House NSA Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37393/icass2022/51.
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ABSTRACT Basketball is a dynamic game, and as such, it requires that players must develop their motor abilities, especially at young ages, when the attention should be higher. The aim of this study is to compare motor abilities performance in basketball at age groups U14 and U16. To obtain the objectives of this study, field test measurements was performed on 110 boys’ basketball players from 8 teams U14 and U16 randomly selected in Tirana city (Capital of Albania). In this study, 53 basketball players were in U14 age group, and 57 were in U16 age group. These measurements were done at respective motor abilities; anthropometric such as (body weight, height, and waist circumference), explosive power (long jump standing), flexibility (sit and reach test), speed (sprint 20m), agility (T-test and 10x5m), aerobic fitness (20m shuttle run test). Comparing data analysis between group ages shows that all motor abilities performance in the U16 age group had higher results (p less than .05) than U14, except flexibility, where no statistically significant difference was observed. At this point, two questions are raised for further analysis by researchers: whether such a difference is because of the biological differentiations among the two age groups or that coaches of U16 focus more on motor abilities development during their practices rather than at U14.
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Zhang, Junhong, Feiqi Long, Hongjie Jia, and Jiewei Lin. "Effect of End Rubber Gasket on the Performance of Parabolic Leaf Spring." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-23546.
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Abstract Leaf springs play an important role in the handling stability and ride comfort of vehicle. End rubber gaskets are widely used to reduce the friction between leaves, but they also have considerable effect on the stiffness of the suspension assembly. The ride comfort may deteriorate with the stiffness of leaf spring changes. In this paper the influence of the end rubber gasket on the static stiffness performance of a parabolic leaf spring is studied. A finite element model of the leaf spring is developed and verified against the static stiffness test. Effects of the end rubber gasket parameters on the static stiffness of the leaf spring are analyzed based on an orthogonal experiment. The sensitivities of the five parameters are identified including the width, the length, the end thickness, the tail thickness and the distance to the end of the middle leaf. It is found that the contributions can be ranked in descending order as the tail thickness, the end thickness, the distance from end rubber gasket to the end of Leaf 2, and the width and length. The first two factors are considered of significant effects on the leaf spring stiffness. According to single-factor analysis, it is found that under the same load, as the tail thickness and the end thickness increase, the maximum deformation of the rubber gasket decreases, the stiffness of the rubber gasket increases, and the stiffness of the leaf spring increases, which provides a reference for the forward design of the end rubber gasket and the stiffness matching of leaf springs.
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Fateh, Amir, Farzad Hejazi, Mohd Saleh-Jaafar, and Azlan Bin Adnan. "Vibration analysis of nonlinear conical spring bracing system subjected to seismic load." In International Conference on Performance-based and Life-cycle Structural Engineering. School of Civil Engineering, The University of Queensland, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.14264/uql.2016.633.
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Colella, R., F. Chietera, L. Catarinucci, A. Casula, G. Montisci, G. Gatto, A. Michel, P. Nepa, and H. Rogier. "Electromagnetic Analysis and Performance Comparison of Fully 3D-printed Antennas." In 2019 PhotonIcs & Electromagnetics Research Symposium - Spring (PIERS-Spring). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/piers-spring46901.2019.9017888.
Full textReports on the topic "Sprint performance analysis"
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Li, Qiang, Qiang Ye, and Tianya Cao. Acute effects of dynamic stretching, static stretching on vertical jump and sprint performance - meta analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.6.0002.
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Litaor, Iggy, James Ippolito, Iris Zohar, and Michael Massey. Phosphorus capture recycling and utilization for sustainable agriculture using Al/organic composite water treatment residuals. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600037.bard.
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Objectives: 1) develop a thorough understanding of the sorption mechanisms of Pi and Po onto the Al/O- WTR; 2) determine the breakthrough range of the composite Al/O-WTR during P capturing from agro- wastewaters; and 3) critically evaluate the performance of the composite Al/O-WTR as a fertilizer using selected plants grown in lysimeters and test-field studies. Instead of lysimeters we used pots (Israel) and one- liter cone-tainers (USA). We conducted one field study but in spite of major pretreatments the soils still exhibited high enough P from previous experiments so no differences between control and P additions were noticeable. Due to time constrains the field study was discontinued. Background: Phosphorous, a non-renewable resource, has been applied extensively in fields to increase crop yield, yet consequently has increased the potential of waterway eutrophication. Our proposal impetus is the need to develop an innovative method of P capturing, recycling and reuse that will sustain agricultural productivity while concurrently reducing the level of P discharge from and to agricultural settings. Major Conclusions & Achievements: An innovative approach was developed for P removal from soil leachate, dairy wastewater (Israel), and swine effluents (USA) using Al-based water treatment residuals (Al- WTR) to create an organic-Al-WTR composite (Al/O-WTR), potentially capable of serving as a P fertilizer source. The Al-WTR removed 95% inorganic-P, 80% to 99.9% organic P, and over 60% dissolved organic carbon from the agro-industrial waste streams. Organic C accumulation on particles surfaces possibly enhanced weak P bonding and facilitated P desorption. Analysis by scanning electron microscope (SEM- EDS), indicated that P was sparsely sorbed on both calcic and Al (hydr)oxide surfaces. Sorption of P onto WW-Al/O-WTR was reversible due to weak Ca-P and Al-P bonds induced by the slight alkaline nature and in the presence of organic moieties. Synchrotron-based microfocused X-ray fluorescence (micro-XRF) spectrometry, bulk P K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy (XANES), and P K-edge micro-XANES spectroscopy indicated that adsorption was the primary P retention mechanism in the Al- WTR materials. However, distinct apatite- or octocalciumphosphatelike P grains were also observed. Synchrotron micro-XRF mapping further suggested that exposure of the aggregate exteriors to wastewater caused P to diffuse into the porous Al-WTR aggregates. Organic P species were not explicitly identified via P K-edge XANES despite high organic matter content, suggesting that organic P may have been predominantly associated with mineral surfaces. In screen houses experiments (Israel) we showed that the highest additions of Al/O-WTR (5 and 7 g kg⁻¹) produced the highest lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolial) yield. Lettuce yield and P concentration were similar across treatments, indicating that Al/O- WTR can provide sufficient P to perform similarly to common fertilizers. A greenhouse study (USA) was utilized to compare increasing rates of swine wastewater derived Al/O-WTR and inorganic P fertilizer (both applied at 33.6, 67.3, and 134.5 kg P₂O₅ ha⁻¹) to supply plant-available P to spring wheat (TriticumaestivumL.) in either sandy loam or sandy clay loam soil. Spring wheat straw and grain P uptake were comparable across all treatments in the sandy loam, while Al/O-WTR application to the sandy clay loam reduced straw and grain P uptake. The Al/O-WTR did not affect soil organic P concentrations, but did increase phosphatase activity in both soils; this suggests that Al/O-WTR application stimulated microorganisms and enhance the extent to which microbial communities can mineralize Al/O-WTR-bound organic P. Implications: Overall, results suggest that creating a new P fertilizer from Al-WTR and agro-industrial waste sources may be a feasible alternative to mining inorganic P fertilizer sources, while protecting the environment from unnecessary waste disposal.
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AN ANALYTICAL METHOD FOR EVALUATING THE DEFLECTION AND LOAD-BEARING AND ENERGY ABSORPTION CAPACITY OF ROCKFALL RING NETS CONSIDERING MULTIFACTOR INFLUENCE. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/ijasc.2022.18.3.1.
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In this study, an analytical method for evaluating the structural performance, including maximum deflection, load-bearing, and energy absorption capacity of a steel wire-ring net, was proposed to effectively design the ring net of the flexible barrier systems. Puncture tests of the ring nets and two-point traction tests of the three-ring chains with various wire-ring specifications were conducted. Correlation analysis was used to test the results between ring nets and chains, revealing that three structural performance indicators of the test specimens were strongly related. The ring net’s structural performance was affected specifically by ring chains on the shortest load transfer path. Accordingly, a three-ring chain with a flexible boundary corresponded to a fibre–spring element. A three-dimensional analytical model of the ring net was established. Explicit formulas for computing the three indicators of the ring net were derived. Comprehensive quasi-static and impact tests, using different shapes and sizes of punching devices, were conducted, providing valuable data to calibrate and validate this analytical method. The ability of the model in yielding consistent results when implemented at the structure scale was then assessed, based on the data of full-scale impact tests on a 1500kJ-energy rockfall barrier. Lastly, the effects of various factors, such as single ring geometry, the length–width ratio of the net, loading area size, boundary stiffness, and load rate, influencing the structural performance indicators of the ring net were investigated, respectively.
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CALCULATION OF THE RESISTANCE WITH DIFFERENT STIFFNESS CONNECTIONS AGAINST PROGRESSIVE COLLAPSE BASED ON THE COMPONENT METHOD. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/icass2020.p.108.
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"The collapse performance of steel frames generally depends on their ability to resist local damage, however, this ability depends on the behaviour of beam-to-column connections that have not yet to be identified in a methodical and reliable manner. Thus, it is critical to develop a simplified joint model, which could predict the structural collapse resistance to prevent progressive collapse. In this study, component models with different stiffness connections, namely the double web angle (DWA) connection, top-seat with double web angle connection (TSDWA) and welded flange-bolted web connection (WUF) were constructed based on the component method by simplifying its geometry and dividing into a number of basic springs. The proposed component-based connections models with detailed components were implemented within the finite element programme ANSYS, and the models were validated against previously experimental tests. The analysis results show that the component models can accurately reflect the load response and post-fracture path of the substructures with a cost-effective solution, which indicated that the component method has great theoretical significance and applicable value in progressive collapse analysis, and provided a simple and effective tool for the engineers to calculate the progressive collapse resistance."