Journal articles: 'Springtail (Collembola)'

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Gruss, Iwona, Jacek P. Twardowski, Agnieszka Latawiec, Jolanta Królczyk, and Agnieszka Medyńska-Juraszek. "The Effect of Biochar Used as Soil Amendment on Morphological Diversity of Collembola." Sustainability 11, no. 18 (September 19, 2019): 5126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11185126.

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Biochar was reported to improve the chemical and physical properties of soil. The use of biochar as a soil amendment have been found to improve the soil structure, increase the porosity, decrease bulk density, as well increase aggregation and water retention. Knowing that springtails (Collembola) are closely related to soil properties, the effect of biochar on morphological diversity of these organisms was evaluated. The main concept was the classification of springtails to the life-form groups and estimation of QBS-c index (biological quality index based on Collembola species). We conducted the field experiment where biochar was used as soil amendment in oilseed rape and maize crops. Wood-chip biochar from low-temperature (300 °C) flash pyrolysis was free from PAH (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon) and other toxic components. Results showed that all springtail life-form groups (epedaphic, hemiedaphic, and euedaphic) were positively affected after biochar application. The QBS-c index, which relates to springtails’ adaptation to living in the soil, was higher in treatments where biochar was applied. We can recommend the use of Collembola’s morphological diversity as a good tool for the bioindication of soil health.

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Rojas, Aldo Bernal, Gabriela Castaño-Meneses, José G. Palacios-Vargas, and Norma E. García-Calderón. "Oribatid mites and springtails from a coffee plantation in Sierra Sur, Oaxaca, Mexico." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 44, no. 8 (August 2009): 988–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2009000800030.

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The objective of this work was to compare the oribatid mite and springtail communities in three plots with different soil use - Coffee (CP), secondary vegetation or fallow fields (acahual, A) and a cloud mountain forest (CMF) - within a coffee plantation located in Santa Maria Huatulco, Oaxaca State, Mexico. In each plot 20 samples (10 of soil, 10 of litter) were taken and processed in Berlese funnels. The extracted fauna was preserved in 70% ethanol. A total of 3,031 oribatid mites belonging to 33 species, and 1,177 specimens of springtails belonging to 43 species, were collected. The number of species recorded was: 27 at CP (14 oribatids; 13 springtails), 44 at A (19 oribatids; 25 springtails) and 62 at CMF (32 for each group). A total of 26 oribatid and 27 springtail species was found in the soil, and 25 oribatid and 32 springtail species were found in the litter. The most abundant species were the oribatids Rostroztes foveolatus (Haplozetidae), Tectocepheus sp. (Tecocepheidae), Karenella sp. (Oppidae), Atropacarus (Hoplophorella) cf. fonseciai (Phthiracaridae), Epilohmannia pallida americana (Epilohmannidae), and the springtails Ceratophysella cf. gibbosa (Hypogastruridae), Mesaphorura sp. (Tullbergidae) and Proisotoma cf. minuta (Isotomidae). Fourteen families and 18 species of Oribatida species and 5 families and 34 species of Collembola were recorded for the first time for the State.

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Schmidt, Juliane, Heinz Decker, and Michael T. Marx. "Jumping on the Edge—First Evidence for a 2 × 6-meric Hemocyanin in Springtails." Biomolecules 9, no. 9 (August 22, 2019): 396. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom9090396.

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Hemocyanins are respiratory dioxygen carrier proteins found in many arthropods including ancient terrestrial species such as spiders and scorpions as well as marine horseshoe crabs. As hemocyanins are highly conserved in this lineage, it is possible to observe an evolutionary descent through its subunits and their overall structure. Unfortunately, little is known about the structure and function of hexapod hemocyanins. Using recent springtail taxa (Collembola) as models for basal hexapods, and the help of electron microscopy, light scattering, SDS PAGE, and Western blot, we could demonstrate for the first time the presence of 2 × 6-meric hemocyanins in the hemolymph of hexapods. The quaternary structure is composed of at least two different subunits and looks nearly identical to the hemocyanin found in decapod crustaceans. In addition, homology modeling and western blotting suggest a close structural relationship between collembolan and crustacean hemocyanin. Such a respiratory protein was possibly helpful in the early terrestrialization process of ancient Collembola. In addition, physiological adaptations to hypoxic or temporarily anoxic conditions could be a possible explanation for the presence of this respiratory protein. Nevertheless, it has to be concluded that the primary benefit of hemocyanin for springtails remains unclear.

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Beet, Clare R., Ian D. Hogg, Gemma E. Collins, Don A. Cowan, Diana H. Wall, and Byron J. Adams. "Genetic diversity among populations of Antarctic springtails (Collembola) within the Mackay Glacier ecotone." Genome 59, no. 9 (September 2016): 762–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/gen-2015-0194.

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Climate changes are likely to have major influences on the distribution and abundance of Antarctic terrestrial biota. To assess arthropod distribution and diversity within the Ross Sea region, we examined mitochondrial DNA (COI) sequences for three currently recognized species of springtail (Collembola) collected from sites in the vicinity, and to the north of, the Mackay Glacier (77°S). This area acts as a transition between two biogeographic regions (northern and southern Victoria Land). We found populations of highly divergent individuals (5%–11.3% intraspecific sequence divergence) for each of the three putative springtail species, suggesting the possibility of cryptic diversity. Based on molecular clock estimates, these divergent lineages are likely to have been isolated for 3–5 million years. It was during this time that the Western Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) was likely to have completely collapsed, potentially facilitating springtail dispersal via rafting on running waters and open seaways. The reformation of the WAIS would have isolated newly established populations, with subsequent dispersal restricted by glaciers and ice-covered areas. Given the currently limited distributions for these genetically divergent populations, any future changes in species’ distributions can be easily tracked through the DNA barcoding of springtails from within the Mackay Glacier ecotone.

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Camacho, I. M., A. T. Hoshino, B. A. Guide, R. M. M. Soares, L. M. de Oliveira, L. G. Gil, L. A. Campos, I. Bordin, A. O. Menezes Junior, and H. G. Androcioli. "Rotation/Succession Systems Affects Springtails (Hexapoda: Collembola) Abundance in Cash Crops Under No Tillage Cultivation." Journal of Agricultural Science 14, no. 1 (December 15, 2021): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v14n1p22.

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Acknowledging the bio indicator importance of springtails (Hexapoda: Collembola) for soil quality, this study aimed to determine the abundance of these arthropods in different systems of rotation/succession with commercial and cover crops, while also verifying the agricultural factor associated to these arthropods’ population. In the Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Paraná (IAPAR-EMATER), during six years, areas with differing crops in rotation/succession adopting the no-tillage system were studied. For each system, chemical analyses of the soil were conducted and the number of captured springtails in pitfall traps was counted. The phytosanitary products applied during the evaluations and the quantity of vegetal cover remaining after harvest were considered as well. No difference was found between the rotation/succession systems in relation to chemical soil attributes, however the largest number of springtails was found in crop covers from corn, Brachiaria sp., and canola. These crop covers, including wheat, resulted in the highest straw dry mass. When removing the system in which the predecessor crop had the highest quantities of fungicide application, a positive correlation (r = 0.63; p < 0.01) was found, between springtail abundance and highest amount of straw after the harvest. If no fungicide applications occur, the crops with the largest amount of vegetal cover favor springtail populations.

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Leo, Chiara, Antonio Carapelli, Francesco Cicconardi, Francesco Frati, and Francesco Nardi. "Mitochondrial Genome Diversity in Collembola: Phylogeny, Dating and Gene Order." Diversity 11, no. 9 (September 17, 2019): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d11090169.

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Collembola (springtails) are an early diverging class of apterygotes, and mark the first substantial radiation of hexapods on land. Despite extensive work, the relationships between major collembolan lineages are still debated and, apart from the Early Devonian fossil Rhyniella praecursor, which demonstrates their antiquity, the time frame of springtail evolution is unknown. In this study, we sequence two new mitochondrial genomes and reanalyze all known Collembola mt-genomes, including selected metagenomic data, to produce an improved phylogenetic hypothesis for the group, develop a tentative time frame for their differentiation, and provide a comprehensive overview of gene order diversity. Our analyses support most taxonomically recognized entities. We find support for an Entomobryomorpha + Symphypleona clade, while the position of Neelipleona could not be assessed with confidence. A Silurian time frame for their basal diversification is recovered, with an indication that divergence times may be fairly old overall. The distribution of mitochondrial gene order indicates the pancrustacean arrangement as plesiomorphic and dominant in the group, with the exception of the family Onychiuridae. We distinguished multiple instances of different arrangements in individual genomes or small clusters. We further discuss the opportunities and drawbacks associated with the inclusion of metagenomic data in a classic study on mitochondrial genome diversity.

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Fujii, Saori, Takashi F. Haraguchi, and Ichiro Tayasu. "Radiocarbon signature reveals that most springtails depend on carbon from living plants." Biology Letters 17, no. 9 (September 2021): 20210353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2021.0353.

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Terrestrial carbon cycling is largely mediated by soil food webs. Identifying the carbon source for soil animals has been desired to distinguish their roles in carbon cycling, but it is challenging for small invertebrates at low trophic levels because of methodological limitations. Here, we combined radiocarbon ( 14 C) analysis with stable isotope analyses ( 13 C and 15 N) to understand feeding habits of soil microarthropods, especially focusing on springtail (Collembola). Most Collembola species exhibited lower Δ 14 C values than litter regardless of their δ 13 C and δ 15 N signatures, indicating their dependence on young carbon. In contrast with general patterns across all taxonomic groups, we found a significant negative correlation between δ 15 N and Δ 14 C values among the edaphic Collembola. This means that the species with higher δ 15 N values depend on C from more recent photosynthate, which suggests that soil-dwelling species generally feed on mycorrhizae to obtain root-derived C. Many predatory taxa exhibited higher Δ 14 C values than Collembola but lower than litter, indicating non-negligible effects of collembolan feeding habits on the soil food web. Our study demonstrated the usefulness of radiocarbon analysis, which can untangle the confounding factors that change collembolan δ 15 N values, clarify animal feeding habits and define the roles of organisms in soil food webs.

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Gundersen, Håkon, Hans Petter Leinaas, and Christian Thaulow. "Collembola cuticles and the three-phase line tension." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 8 (August 18, 2017): 1714–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.8.172.

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The cuticles of most springtails (Collembola) are superhydrophobic, but the mechanism has not been described in detail. Previous studies have suggested that overhanging surface structures play an important role, but such structures are not a universal trait among springtails with superhydrophobic cuticles. A novel wetting experiment with a fluorescent dye revealed the extent of wetting on exposed surface structures. Using simple wetting models to describe the composite wetting of the cuticular surface structures results in underestimating the contact angles of water. Including the three-phase line tension allows for a prediction of contact angles in the observed range. The discrepancy between the contact angle predicted by simple models and those observed is especially large in the springtail Cryptopygus clavatus which changes, seasonally, from superhydrophobic to wetting without a large change in surface structure; C. clavatus does not have overhanging surface structures. This large change in observed contact angles can be explained with a modest change of the three-phase line tension.

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Rangel, Andrés Miranda. "Impact of environmental factors on edaphic springtail populations." STUDIES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND ANIMAL SCIENCES 3, no. 4 (December 19, 2022): 992–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.54020/seasv3n4-013.

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A description is given of the abiotic and biotic factors that affect edaphic springtail distribution and the main role that collembola play in soil development. Collembola degrade organic matter that has been inoculated with microorganisms, which they control and disperse. They also help decompose recalcitrant molecules in ecosystems, release nitrogen, phosphorus and other elements into soils, and control phytopathogenic fungi in crops, as well as stimulate microbial respiration and serve as soil quality bioindicators. Water is the main factor that determines whether springtail populations are present, followed by temperature, which in turn controls whether new generations will occur. Enzyme metabolism and even DNA structure is affected by pH. Collembola populations are also affected by materials that enter the soil, including the leaf litter dropped by plant coverage, manures and soil fertilizers, and are regulated by the ascending forces in an ecosystem.

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OLEJNICZAK, Izabella, Paweł BONIECKI, Anita KALISZEWICZ, and Ninel PANTELEEVA. "Springtails (Collembola, Hexapoda) inhabiting algae with different degrees of waste product contamination." Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae 13, no. 4 (September 20, 2016): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/seb.2015.13.4.06.

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The study was carried out in July 2009 in Murmansk (68°57’ N; 33°03’E) and involved algae that had washed up at the edge of the intertidal zone of Kola Bay. Two areas of algae were selected for this study: uncontaminated (algae I) and algae contaminated with waste products (algae II). The material was collected using a frame with an area of 100 cm2. A total of 40 samples were taken. The abundance of the springtails was almost three times lower in the contaminated algae than in the uncontaminated algae, whereas the species diversity of the springtail communities was much higher in the contaminated algae. The littoral species Hypogastrura viatica was the dominantspecies in the uncontaminated algae, and that in the contaminated algae was the cosmopolitan species Folsomia quadriuculata. It appears that the contamination of the algae with waste products can promote the intensification of competition among springtails and between springtails and other saprophagous invertebrates.

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Fiera, Cristina. "Biodiversity of Collembola in urban soils and their use as bioindicators for pollution." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 44, no. 8 (August 2009): 868–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2009000800010.

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The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of pollutants on the abundance and diversity of Collembola in urban soils. The research was carried out in three parks (Cişmigiu, Izvor and Unirea) in downtown Bucharest, where the intense car traffic accounts for 70% of the local air pollution. One site in particular (Cişmigiu park) was highly contaminated with Pb, Cd, Zn and Cu at about ten times the background levels of Pb. Collembola were sampled in 2006 (July, September, November) using the transect method: 2,475 individuals from 34 species of Collembola were collected from 210 samples of soil and litter. Numerical densities differed significantly between the studied sites.The influence of air pollutants on the springtail fauna was visible at the species richness diversity and soil pollution levels. Species richness was lowest in the most contaminated site (Cismigiu, 11 species), which presented an increase in springtails abundances, though. Some species may become resistant to pollution and occur in high numbers of individuals in polluted sites, which makes them a good bioindicator of pollutants.

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Pfingstmann, Alexandra, Daniel Paredes, Jacob Buchholz, Pascal Querner, Thomas Bauer, Peter Strauss, Sophie Kratschmer, Silvia Winter, and Johann Zaller. "Contrasting Effects of Tillage and Landscape Structure on Spiders and Springtails in Vineyards." Sustainability 11, no. 7 (April 8, 2019): 2095. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11072095.

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Interactions between predatory species and their potential prey are little studied in vineyards, especially considering the surrounding landscape structure. We examined the effects of soil tillage intensities in vineyard inter-rows on the activity density and diversity of spiders (Araneae) and springtails (Collembola), their potential preys, and assessed whether these effects are altered by non-crop elements in the surrounding landscape. We collected data in 16 vineyards in Austria; eight were periodically mechanically disturbed (PMD), eight had permanent green cover (PGC). The study vineyards were embedded in landscapes ranging from structurally simple to complex. Both, spiders and springtails were collected with pitfall traps. Data analyses using generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) showed different effects of soil tillage intensities on spiders and springtails and an interaction with semi-natural elements (SNEs) in the surrounding landscape. Activities of springtails were higher under PMD than under PGC while spider activity density remained unaffected. Spider family Shannon diversity was lower under PMD than under PGC, while springtail species Shannon diversity was unaffected by tillage. Under PMD, spider activity and family diversity decreased with increasing SNEs in the surroundings indicating spider emigration away from vineyards. Under PGC, spider activity density increased with increasing SNE proportions in the surroundings when springtail activity density was high. Our findings suggest that recommendations on sustainable vineyard management should include both site and landscape factors.

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Hensel, René, Christoph Neinhuis, and Carsten Werner. "The springtail cuticle as a blueprint for omniphobic surfaces." Chemical Society Reviews 45, no. 2 (2016): 323–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cs00438a.

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Hannig, Christian, Ralf Helbig, Julia Hilsenbeck, Carsten Werner, and Matthias Hannig. "Impact of the springtail's cuticle nanotopography on bioadhesion and biofilm formation in vitro and in the oral cavity." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 7 (July 2018): 171742. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.171742.

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Springtails (Collembola) have a nanostructured cuticle. To evaluate and to understand anti-biofouling properties of springtail cuticles’ morphology under different conditions, springtails, shed cuticles and cuticle replicates were studied after incubation with protein solutions and bacterial cultures using common in vitro models. In a second step, they were exposed to human oral environment in situ in order to explore potential application in dentistry. In vitro , the cuticular structures were found to resist wetting by albumin solutions for up to 3 h and colonization by Staphylococcus epidermidis was inhibited. When exposed in the oral cavity, initial pellicle formation was of high heterogeneity: parts of the surface were coated by adsorbed proteins, others remained uncoated but exhibited locally attached, ‘bridging’, proteinaceous membranes spanning across cavities of the cuticle surface; this unique phenomenon was observed for the first time. Also the degree of bacterial colonization varied considerably. In conclusion, the springtail cuticle partially modulates bioadhesion in the oral cavity in a unique and specific manner, but it has no universal effect. Especially after longer exposure, the nanotextured surface of springtails is masked by the pellicle, resulting in subsequent bacterial colonization, and, thus, cannot effectively avoid bioadhesion in the oral cavity comprehensively. Nevertheless, the observed phenomena offer valuable information and new perspectives for the development of antifouling surfaces applicable in the oral cavity.

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Panina, Irina V., Mikhail B. Potapov, and Alexey A. Polilov. "Effects of miniaturization in the anatomy of the minute springtail Mesaphorura sylvatica (Hexapoda: Collembola: Tullbergiidae)." PeerJ 7 (November 13, 2019): e8037. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8037.

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Smaller animals display pecular characteristics related to their small body size, and miniaturization has recently been intensely studied in insects, but not in other arthropods. Collembola, or springtails, are abundant soil microarthropods and form one of the four basal groups of hexapods. Many of them are notably smaller than 1 mm long, which makes them a good model for studying miniaturization effects in arthropods. In this study we analyze for the first time the anatomy of the minute springtail Mesaphorura sylvatica (body length 400 µm). It is described using light and scanning electron microscopy and 3D computer reconstruction. Possible effects of miniaturization are revealed based on a comparative analysis of data from this study and from studies on the anatomy of larger collembolans. Despite the extremely small size of M. sylvatica, some organ systems, e.g., muscular and digestive, remain complex. On the other hand, the nervous system displays considerable changes. The brain has two pairs of apertures with three pairs of muscles running through them, and all ganglia are shifted posteriad by one segment. The relative volumes of the skeleton, brain, and musculature are smaller than those of most microinsects, while the relative volumes of other systems are greater than or the same as in most microinsects. Comparison of the effects of miniaturization in collembolans with those of insects has shown that most of the miniaturization-related features of M. sylvatica have also been found in microinsects (shift of the brain into the prothorax, absent heart, absence of midgut musculature, etc.), but also has revealed unique features (brain with two apertures and three pairs of muscles going through them), which have not been described before.

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Niwangtika, Widyarnes, and Ibrohim Ibrohim. "KAJIAN KOMUNITAS EKOR PEGAS (COLLEMBOLA) PADA PERKEBUNAN APEL (Malus sylvestris Mill.) DI DESA TULUNGREJO BUMIAJI KOTA BATU." Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi 3, no. 2 (September 11, 2017): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/bioeksperimen.v3i2.5185.

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This research was conducted in order to determine composition, diversity, eveness, richness, important value index of springtail, and corellation between abiotic environment factor (temperature, pH and moisture) and diversity of springtail. Sampling was done using nilon sieve and pitfall trap, and this research was conducted in April-June 2014 in Tulungrejo village, Batu city. The result from this research, there are 11 species, 10 generas and 5 families of springtail. Diversity index of springtail both using nilon sieve and pitfall trap in apple plantation catagorized medium diversity. The result of important index value analyze showed that Entomobrya multifasciata has highest value. Based on regression analysis, abiotic factor has significant influence on diversity index of infauna.

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Cucini, Claudio, Pietro P. Fanciulli, Francesco Frati, Peter Convey, Francesco Nardi, and Antonio Carapelli. "Re-Evaluating the Internal Phylogenetic Relationships of Collembola by Means of Mitogenome Data." Genes 12, no. 1 (December 30, 2020): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12010044.

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Collembola are an ancient and early diverging lineage of basal hexapods that occur in virtually all terrestrial habitats on Earth. Phylogenetic relationships between the different orders of Collembola are fiercely debated. Despite a range of studies and the application of both morphological and genetic approaches (singly or in combination) to assess the evolutionary relationships of major lineages in the group, no consensus has been reached. Several mitogenome sequences have been published for key taxa of the class (and their number is increasing rapidly). Here, we describe two new Antarctic Collembola mitogenomes and compare all complete or semi-complete springtail mitogenome sequences available on GenBank in terms of both gene order and DNA sequence analyses in a genome evolution and molecular phylogenetic framework. With minor exceptions, we confirm the monophyly of Poduromorpha and Symphypleona sensu stricto (the latter placed at the most basal position in the springtail phylogenetic tree), whereas monophyly of Neelipleona and Entomobryomorpha is only supported when a handful of critical taxa in these two lineages are excluded. Finally, we review gene order models observed in the class, as well as the overall mitochondrial nucleotide composition.

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BERNARD, ERNEST C., and KENNETH A. CHRISTIANSEN. "Misturasotoma, a new nearctic springtail genus (Collembola: Isotomidae)." Zootaxa 2499, no. 1 (June 9, 2010): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2499.1.4.

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Type specimens of Desoria brucealla (Wray), a western North American species, are transferred to Misturasotoma n.gen. The new genus differs from Desoria, Heteroisotoma, Isotoma, and Parisotoma by the following combination of characters: eyes absent, tibiotarsi with 11 setae in distal whorl, tenaculum with 9–15 setae, manubrium with apical spinelike setae, mucrones quadridentate, macrochaetae smooth, and sensilliform setae of abdominal segments IV and V short.

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Barjadze, Shalva, Hans-Jürgen Schulz, Ulrich Burkhardt, Mikhail B. Potapov, and Maka Murvanidze. "New records for the Georgian springtail fauna (Collembola)." Zoology in the Middle East 56, no. 1 (January 2012): 143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09397140.2012.10648952.

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Furgoł, Michał, Agata Piwnik, and Konrad Wiśniewski. "Five springtail (Collembola) species inhabiting heathlands in Poland." Entomologica Fennica 30, no. 4 (December 2, 2019): 186–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.33338/ef.87176.

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We report the presence of five Collembola species from western Poland, three of which were recorded in this country for the first time – Bourletiella pistillum Gisin, 1964 (Bourletiellidae), Lepidocyrtus tellecheae Arbea & Jordana 1990 (Entomobryidae) and Isotoma caerulea Bourlet, 1839 (Isotomidae). Seira dollfusi Carl, 1899 (Entomobryidae) was earlier known solely from a single, old report. Pachyotoma topsenti (Denis, 1948) (Isotomidae) is generally considered a rare species in the region. Though generally infrequently encountered, all five species occur in very high numbers in our plots and they are among the dominant springtails. The habitats surveyed in the study, i.e. dry Calluna-heathlands and their accompanying habitats are endangered in Central Europe and require active management. In one of the studied plots, a prescribed burn was applied to rejuvenate the heather. We discuss the distribution and habitat preferences of the five species in the European context and their possible significance as indicators of different habitat types.

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Babenko, A. B. "The springtail (Hexapoda, Collembola) fauna of Wrangel Island." Entomological Review 90, no. 5 (August 2010): 571–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0013873810050040.

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Filippov, A. E., A. Kovalev, and S. N. Gorb. "Numerical simulation of the pattern formation of the springtail cuticle nanostructures." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 15, no. 145 (August 2018): 20180217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2018.0217.

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Springtails (Collembola) are known to exhibit complex hierarchical nanostructures of their exoskeleton surface that repels water and other fluids with remarkable efficiency. These nanostructures were previously widely studied due to their structure, chemistry and fluid-repelling properties. These ultrastructural and chemical studies revealed the involvement of different components in different parts of the nanopattern, but the overall process of self-assembly into the complex rather regular structures observed remains unclear. Here, we model this process from a theoretical point of view partially using solutions related to the so-called Tammes problem. By using densities of three different reacting substances, we obtained a typical morphology that is highly similar to the ones observed on the cuticle of some springtail species. These results are important not only for our understanding of the formation of hierarchical nanoscale structures in nature, but also for the fabrication of novel surface coatings.

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Getzin, L. W. "Chemical Control of the Springtail Onychiurus pseudarmatus (Collembola: Onychiuridae)." Journal of Economic Entomology 78, no. 6 (December 1, 1985): 1337–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/78.6.1337.

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Chernov, A. V., N. A. Kuznetsova, and M. B. Potapov. "Springtail communities (Collembola) of Eastern European broad-leaf forests." Entomological Review 90, no. 5 (August 2010): 556–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0013873810050039.

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Skarżyński, Dariusz, Agata Piwnik, and Anna Krzysztofiak. "Saproxylic springtails (Collembola) of the Wigry National Park." Forest Research Papers 77, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 186–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/frp-2016-0021.

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Abstract Faunistic and ecological studies on saproxylic Collembola species were carried out in the Wigry National Park (NE Poland). Nine sites representing Tilio-Carpinetum, Serratulo-Pinetum and Peucedano-Pinetum habitats each including three different levels of disturbance were visited twice in 2015. Samples from fallen logs in different stages of decay, neighboring litter and soil as well as arboreal epiphytes were taken on each visit. The Collembola specimens were then extracted using Tullgren funnels resulting in a total of 73 838 specimens from 270 samples. Specimen identification revealed the occurrence of 63 species, including 5 saproxylobiontic, 7 saproxylophilous, 4 xerophilous species living in epiphytic mosses and lichens as well as 47 hemiedaphic or euedaphic species. This composition of saproxylic fauna seems to be typical for the region with the most diverse assemblages being found in Tilio-Carpinetum habitats, while Serratulo-Pinetum and Peucedano-Pinetum are clearly less diverse. Additionally, a slight decrease in the number of Collembola species with increasing forest disturbance was observed. Furthermore, an increase in the number of Collembola species with the degree of dead wood decomposition was also found. This indicates that saproxylic springtail assemblages are sensitive to anthropogenic changes.

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Kouakou, Aymard Kouakou, Jérôme Cortet, Yeo Kolo, and Alain Brauman. "Using Trait-Based Approaches to Assess the Response of Epedaphic Collembola to Organic Matter Management Practices: A Case Study in a Rubber Plantation in South-Eastern Côte d’Ivoire." Insects 13, no. 10 (September 30, 2022): 892. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13100892.

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We used trait-based approaches to reveal the functional responses of springtails communities to organic matter inputs in a rubber plantation in Côte d’Ivoire. Pitfall traps were used to sample springtails in each practice. The results showed that the total abundance of springtails increased significantly with the amount of organic matter (R0L0 < R2L1). Larger springtails (body length, furca and antennae) were observed in plots with high organic matter. Practices with logging residues and legume recorded the highest functional richness. The principal coordinate analysis showed different functional composition patterns between practices with logging residues (R1L1 and R2L1) and those without inputs (R0L0 and R0L1). This difference in functional composition (PERMANOVA analysis) was related to the effect of practices. These results highlight the pertinence of the functional trait approach in the characterization of springtail communities, a bioindicator of soil health, for organic matter management practice.

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MATEOS, EDUARDO, and MARKO LUKIĆ. "New European Lepidocyrtus Bourlet, 1839 (Collembola, Entomobryidae) with the first description of feeding-related dancing behaviour in Collembola." Zootaxa 4550, no. 2 (January 24, 2019): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4550.2.4.

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The study of a springtail population from Krka National Park (Croatia) has allowed us to describe the new species Lepidocyrtus chorus sp. nov. and its dance-like behaviour. This study represents the first record of peculiar dancing behaviour related to search for food and feeding among Collembola. The new species is molecularly and morphologically assigned to the European Lepidocyrtus lignorum-group. Sequences of COXII and EF-1α genes, chaetotaxy and behaviour clearly help to differentiate the new species from the other species in the group.

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Carapelli, Antonio, Claudio Cucini, Pietro Paolo Fanciulli, Francesco Frati, Peter Convey, and Francesco Nardi. "Molecular Comparison among Three Antarctic Endemic Springtail Species and Description of the Mitochondrial Genome of Friesea gretae (Hexapoda, Collembola)." Diversity 12, no. 12 (November 27, 2020): 450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12120450.

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Springtails and mites are the dominant groups of terrestrial arthropods in Antarctic terrestrial ecosystems. Their Antarctic diversity includes a limited number of species, which are frequently endemic to specific regions within the continent. Advances in molecular techniques, combined with the re-evaluation of morphological characters and the availability of new samples, have recently led to the identification of a number of new springtail species within previously named, but ill-defined, species entities described in the last century. One such species, the neanurid Friesea grisea, originally described from sub-Antarctic South Georgia, was for many years considered to be the only known springtail with a pan-Antarctic distribution. With the recent availability of new morphological and molecular data, it has now been firmly established that the different representatives previously referred to this taxon from the Antarctic Peninsula and Victoria Land (continental Antarctica) should no longer be considered as representing one and the same species, and three clearly distinct taxa have been recognized: F. antarctica, F. gretae and F. propria. In this study, the relationships among these three species are further explored through the sequencing of the complete mtDNA for F. gretae and the use of complete mitogenomic as well as cytochrome c oxidase I data. The data obtained provide further support that distinct species were originally hidden within the same taxon and that, despite the difficulties in obtaining reliable diagnostic morphological characters, F. gretae is genetically differentiated from F. propria (known to be present in different locations in Northern Victoria Land), as well as from F. antarctica (distributed in the Antarctic Peninsula).

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Howsam, Mike, and Nico M. Van Straalen. "PYRENE METABOLISM IN THE SPRINGTAIL ORCHESELLA CINCTA L. (COLLEMBOLA, ENTOMOBRYIDAE)." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 22, no. 7 (2003): 1481. http://dx.doi.org/10.1897/1551-5028(2003)22<1481:pmitso>2.0.co;2.

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Sinclair, Brent J., and Heidi Sjursen. "Cold tolerance of the Antarctic springtail Gomphiocephalus hodgsoni (Collembola, Hypogastruridae)." Antarctic Science 13, no. 3 (September 2001): 271–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102001000384.

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Cold tolerance of the springtail Gomphiocephalus hodgsoni Carpenter (Collembola: Hypogastruridae) was studied at Cape Bird, Ross Island, Antarctica (77°13′S, 166°26′E). Microclimate temperatures indicate a highly seasonal thermal environment, with winter minima <–39°C. Snow cover significantly buffers both minimum temperatures and cooling rates. Gomphiocephalus hodgsoni survives low temperatures by avoiding freezing. Mean low group supercooling points (SCPs) ranged from –35.4°C in October to –28.3°C in January. The lowest SCP measured was –38.0°C. The high SCP group was very small, making up only 18% of the population in January. In October, G. hodgsoni had a very high glycerol content (>80 μg mg−1 dry weight), although this declined rapidly to low levels (c. 7–10 μg mg−1 dry weight) in January. Quantities of glucose and trehalose were low during October, but steadily increased throughout the summer. Haemolymph osmolality was exceptionally high (up to 1755 mOsm kg−1) at the end of November, but this rapidly declined to c. 500 mOsm kg−1 by late December. The presence of thermal hystersis proteins was indicated by both osmometry on haemolymph samples and recrystallization inhibition studies of springtail homogenates. There was a strong relationship between glycerol content and SCP, but the relationship between haemolymph osmolality, SCP and carbohydrates is uncertain.

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Uemiya, Hideyuki, and Hiroshi Ando. "Blastodermic cuticles of a springtail, Tomocerus ishibashii Yosii (Collembola : Tomoceridae)." International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology 16, no. 5-6 (January 1987): 287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7322(87)90001-8.

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Uemiya, Hideyuki, and Hiroshi Ando. "Mesoderm formation in a springtail, Tomocerus ishibashii Yosii (Collembola : Tomoceridae)." International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology 20, no. 6 (January 1991): 283–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7322(91)90017-4.

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Leo, Chiara, Francesco Nardi, Francesco Frati, Pietro Paolo Fanciulli, Claudio Cucini, Matteo Vitale, Claudia Brunetti, and Antonio Carapelli. "The mitochondrial genome of the springtail Bourletiella arvalis (Symphypleona, Collembola)." Mitochondrial DNA Part B 4, no. 2 (July 3, 2019): 2978–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2019.1664347.

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Sleptzova, E. V., and Zh I. Reznikova. "Formation of springtail (Collembola) communities during colonization of ant-hills." Entomological Review 86, no. 4 (May 2006): 373–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0013873806040014.

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Mironov, S. Yu. "Springtail community (Hexapoda, Collembola) in arable chernozems of Kursk oblast." Entomological Review 86, S2 (March 2006): S147—S151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0013873806110042.

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Chimitova, A. B., N. M. Chernova, and M. B. Potapov. "Springtail (Collembola) populations in cryogenic soils of the Vitim Plateau." Entomological Review 90, no. 8 (November 2010): 957–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0013873810080014.

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Uemiya, Hideyuki, and Hiroshi Ando. "Embryogenesis of a springtail,Tomocerus ishibashii (Collembola, tomoceridae): External morphology." Journal of Morphology 191, no. 1 (January 1987): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051910105.

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Vanthournout, Bram, Anastasia Rousaki, Thomas Parmentier, Frans Janssens, Johan Mertens, Peter Vandenabeele, Liliana D'Alba, and Matthew Shawkey. "Springtail coloration at a finer scale: mechanisms behind vibrant collembolan metallic colours." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 18, no. 180 (July 2021): 20210188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2021.0188.

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The mechanisms and evolution of metallic structural colours are of both fundamental and applied interest, yet most work in arthropods has focused on derived butterflies and beetles with distinct hues. In particular, basal hexapods—groups with many scaled, metallic representatives—are currently poorly studied and controversial, with some recent studies suggesting either that thin-film (lamina thickness) or diffraction grating (longitudinal ridges, cross-ribs) elements produce these colours in early Lepidoptera and one springtail (Collembola) species. Especially the collembolan basal scale design, consisting of a single lamina and longitudinal ridges with smooth valleys lacking cross-ribs, makes them an interesting group to explore the mechanisms of metallic coloration. Using microspectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, electron microscopy and finite-difference time-domain optical modelling, we investigated scale colour in seven springtail species that show clear metallic coloration. Reflectance spectra are largely uniform and exhibit a broadband metallic/golden coloration with peaks in the violet/blue region. Our simulations confirm the role of the longitudinal ridges, working in conjunction with thin-film effects to produce a broadband metallic coloration. Broadband coloration occurs through spatial colour mixing, which probably results from nanoscale variation in scale thickness and ridge height and distance. These results provide crucial insights into the colour production mechanisms in a basal scale design and highlight the need for further investigation of scaled, basal arthropods.

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Maunsell, Sarah C., Roger L. Kitching, Penelope Greenslade, Akihiro Nakamura, and Chris J. Burwell. "Springtail (Collembola) assemblages along an elevational gradient in Australian subtropical rainforest." Australian Journal of Entomology 52, no. 2 (December 13, 2012): 114–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aen.12012.

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Block, William, and M. Roger Worland. "Experimental Studies of Ice Nucleation in an Antarctic Springtail (Collembola, Isotomidae)." Cryobiology 42, no. 3 (May 2001): 170–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/cryo.2001.2319.

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41

Cheng, Hsin-Ju, Frans Janssens, and Chih-Han Chang. "An updated checklist of Collembola in Taiwan, with DNA barcoding of Papirioides jacobsoni Folsom, 1924 (Symphypleona, Dicyrtomidae)." ZooKeys 1123 (October 4, 2022): 123–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1123.90202.

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From urban green space to pristine forest, Collembola is one of the most numerous and species-rich members of the soil fauna around the world. However, due to lack of taxonomic expertise and research, its diversity is poorly understood, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. Collembola biodiversity studies in Taiwan have not seen much progress since 1981, when Hsin Chi reviewed 26 species belonging to 20 genera and eight families. Additionally, reports of new records in Taiwan in the last 40 years are scattered amongst several publications and not easily accessible to most end-users. Thus, a concise summary of related research is urgently needed. In this study, we updated the checklist of Collembola in Taiwan, based on published papers as well as images recorded in 2020–2022. We concluded that 58 species of Collembola belonging to 31 genera and 12 families have been reported in Taiwan, including 13 newly-recorded species. This species richness marks a 123% increase from the 1981 review. The results have been made publicly available in the Catalog of Life in Taiwan database and the images recorded have been used to update species information in collembola.org. We also characterised morphological and genetic variations in the globular springtail species Papirioides jacobsoni Folsom, 1924 using DNA barcodes and highlighted potential research directions.

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Pomorski, Romuald, and Yulija Sveenkova. "New genus with three new species of Thalassaphorurini (Collembola: Onychiuridae) from Russian Far East." Insect Systematics & Evolution 37, no. 2 (2006): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187631206788831092.

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AbstractThree onychiurid springtail species of a new genus are described from the Far East (Russia). Sensillonychiurus gen. n. clearly differs in its antennal III sense organ consisting of three guard setae only. The genus is placed in the tribe Thalassaphorurini. Within the tribe it is related to Detriturus Pomorski, 1998 which it resembles in the lack of d0 setae on the head.

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Raymond-Léonard, Laura J., Dominique Gravel, Peter B. Reich, and I. Tanya Handa. "Springtail community structure is influenced by functional traits but not biogeographic origin of leaf litter in soils of novel forest ecosystems." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1879 (May 30, 2018): 20180647. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.0647.

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With ongoing global change, shifts in the ranges of non-native species and resulting novel communities can modify biotic interactions and ecosystem processes. We hypothesized that traits and not biogeographic origin of novel plant communities will determine community structure of organisms that depend on plants for habitat or as a food resource. We tested the functional redundancy of novel tree communities by verifying if six pairs of congeneric European and North American tree species bearing similar leaf litter traits resulted in similar ecological filters influencing the assembly of springtail (Collembola) communities at two sites. Litter biogeographic origin (native versus non-native) did not influence springtail community structure, but litter genus, which generally reflected trait differences, did. Our empirical evidence suggests that a functional trait approach may be indeed as relevant as, and complementary to, studying biogeographic origin to understand the ecological consequences of non-native tree species in soils of novel forest ecosystems.

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Nosek, J., and M. G. Paoletti. "Heteromurus (Verhoeffiella) dallaii sp. n. a new cave-dwelling springtail (Collembola: Entomobryidae)." Revue suisse de zoologie. 92 (1985): 271–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.81615.

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Oliveira, Marcus Paulo Alves, Leopoldo Bernardi, Douglas Zeppelini, and Rodrigo Lopes Ferreira. "First report of cave springtail (Collembola, Paronellidae) parasitized by mite (Parasitengona, Microtrombidiidae)." Subterranean Biology 17 (April 15, 2016): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.17.8451.

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Saifutdinov, R. A., K. B. Gongalsky, and A. S. Zaitsev. "Springtail (Hexapoda: Collembola) fauna in the burnt boreal forests of European Russia." Invertebrate Zoology 15, no. 1 (December 2018): 115–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/invertzool.15.1.09.

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Carapelli, Antonio, Sara Comandi, Peter Convey, Francesco Nardi, and Francesco Frati. "The complete mitochondrial genome of the Antarctic springtail Cryptopygus antarcticus (Hexapoda: Collembola)." BMC Genomics 9, no. 1 (2008): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-9-315.

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FANCIULLI, PIETRO PAOLO, CHIARA LEO, PETER CONVEY, FRANCESCO FRATI, and ANTONIO CARAPELLI. "Redescription and neotype designation of the Antarctic springtail Folsomotoma octooculata (Collembola: Isotomidae)." Zootaxa 4392, no. 2 (March 8, 2018): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4392.2.11.

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The growing interest in Antarctic collembolan species has led us to re-evaluate both the morphological and molecular aspects of different species adapted to the extreme Antarctic environment. The genus Folsomotoma includes nine species mainly distributed in Antarctic and subantarctic areas and a few additionally from Australia and South America. We herein designate the neotype of Folsomotoma octooculata (Willem 1901) and redescribe its morphological characters with particular emphasis on the sensory and ordinary chaetotaxy. Furthermore, based on analyses of both our new and previously published morphological data for F. octooculata, we propose a systematic key of the species for the genus.

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Scott-Fordsmand, Janeck J., Paul Henning Krogh, and Stephen P. Hopkin. "Toxicity of Nickel to a Soil-Dwelling Springtail,Folsomia fimetaria(Collembola: Isotomidae)." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 43, no. 1 (May 1999): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/eesa.1998.1758.

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Hawes, T. C., C. J. Marshall, and D. A. Wharton. "Ultraviolet radiation tolerance of the Antarctic springtail, Gomphiocephalus hodgsoni." Antarctic Science 24, no. 2 (November 15, 2011): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102011000812.

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AbstractThis is the first study to examine the tolerance of Antarctic springtails (Collembola) to ultraviolet radiation (UV). Survival of extended attenuated exposure to sunlight was examined for both individuals and aggregations of the species Gomphiocephalus hodgsoni Carpenter over a 10 day period. Both individuals and aggregations demonstrated significantly higher survival and moult rates from control treatments kept in the dark to those exposed to UV. A photo-inhibitive element to moulting is indicated that may function to protect post-ecdysial springtails when their emergent cuticles are more sensitive to the external environment. DNA damage was measured in springtails directly exposed to sunlight for 5 h on a clear sunny day. Significant differences were found between treated animals and controls kept in the dark. There was some reduction of damage 12 and 24 h after exposure, when springtails had been placed in the dark to recover. This indicates the up-regulation of DNA repair mechanisms, with the 12 h treatment in particular showing no significant difference with controls. In addition to providing a first look at UV tolerance in these soil arthropods, these findings recommend employing strict protocols for collections of sample material for subsequent biological analysis in order to minimize the interactive effects of photo-damage.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Springtail (Collembola)'

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