Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Springtail (Collembola)'
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Hensel, René, Christoph Neinhuis, and Carsten Werner. "The springtail cuticle as a blueprint for omniphobic surfaces." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-188134.
Full textJanion, Charlene, and Charlene Scheepers. "Springtail diversity in the Cape floristic region." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/79796.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: Understanding the distribution, abundance and diversity of species and the mechanisms causing these patterns has been the interest of ecologists and taxonomists for decades. The exceptionally high plant diversity in the Fynbos biome has been well studied. Whilst early arguments suggested that the high plant diversity is not reflected in the arthropod diversity and that insect species richness is low compared to other comparable areas, these observations might have been hampered by the taxonomic impediment. Despite global recognition of the significance of this below-ground component of diversity for ecosystem functioning, soil is one of the most poorly studied habitats of terrestrial ecosystems. Although knowledge is increasing for epigaeic groups, other significant groups such as the Collembola remain especially poorly understood. This thesis starts addressing this serious gap in knowledge concerning the below-ground component of biodiversity in the Fynbos biome and the effects of landscape transformation thereon. As part of the work, considerable attention was given to resolving the taxonomic impediment for the springtail fauna of the Fynbos biome using modern morphological and DNA barcoding methods, while also examining the correlates of soil animal diversity in the biome, by using Collembola (springtails) as exemplars. First, using a combination of published records of Collembola from South Africa, various sampling methods and DNA barcoding, a species list is compiled for the Western Cape. Currently 213 species are known to exist from the Western Cape. A high level of cryptic diversity was also found in several genera, together with several potential species radiations in the Ectonura, Seira, Parisotoma and Cryptopygus. A start is a made at addressing the lack of taxonomic knowledge by describing five new species. Two Ectonura Cassagnau 1980 species are described from Betty’s Bay and Grootvadersbosch respectively and a key to the Neanurinae of South Africa is provided. The first record of the genus Triacanthella Schäffer, 1897 is described from a cave in Table Mountain, while two new species of Delamarephorura are described and the genera Spicatella Thibaud 2002 and Delamarephorura Weiner & Najt 1999 are synonymized. Although fire is thought to be the main form of decomposition in the Fynbos biome, recent work has shown that biological decomposition may be more important than previously thought. I examine the resilience of Collembola after a large-scale fire in Jonkershoek Nature Reserve using quantitative sampling which is temporally replicated. The resilience of invertebrate fauna in the fynbos is not well understood, thus I investigate the diversity of Collembola before and after a major fire. Results show Collembola species richness and abundance recovered surprisingly quickly after the fire. On a larger scale, litterbags were deployed at six sites across the Western Cape using different litter types. Here, a total of 113 morphospecies species was found. Local richness was found to be highest in Kogelberg (32 species), while the turnover between sites was also high. Thus, the degradation of local habitat patches will be as much of a threat to Collembola as to the endemic plants in this region.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Begrip van die verspreiding, spesierykheid en verskeidenheid van spesies en die meganismes wat hierdie patrone veroorsaak is al die belangstelling van ekoloë en taksonome vir dekades. Die buitengewoon hoë plant diversiteit in die Fynbos-bioom is goed bestudeer. Terwyl vroeë argumente voorstel dat die hoë plantdiversiteit nie weerspieël word in die geleedpotige diversiteit nie en dat insekspesierykheid laag is in vergelyking met ander gebiede, kon hierdie waarnemings nie gemaak word nie as gevolg van taksonomiese hindernisse. Ten spyte van die wêreldwye erkenning van die belangrikheid van hierdie ondergrondse komponent van diversiteit vir die funksionering van die ekosisteem, is die grond een van die swakste bestudeerde habitatte van terrestriële ekosisteme. Alhoewel kennis vermeerder vir bogrondse groepe, word ander belangrike groepe soos die Collembola swak verstaan. Hierdie tesis begin hierdie ernstige leemte in kennis aanspreek, met betrekking tot die ondergrondse komponent van biodiversiteit in die Fynbos bioom en die gevolge van die landskap transformasie daarop. As deel van die werk, is heelwat aandag gegee aan die oplossing van die taksonomiese hindernis vir die springstert fauna van die fynbos bioom met behulp van moderne morfologiese en DNA metodes, terwyl dit ook die ooreenkomste van grond diere diversiteit ondersoek in die bioom, deur gebruik te maak van Collembola (springsterte) as voorbeelde. Eerste, met behulp van 'n kombinasie van gepubliseerde rekords van Collembola van Suid-Afrika, verskillende kolleksie metodes en DNA metodes is 'n spesielys saamgestel vir die Wes-Kaap. Tans is 213 spesies bekend vir die Wes-Kaap. 'n Hoë vlak van kriptiese diversiteit is ook gevind in verskeie genera, saam met verskeie potensiële spesies radiasies in die Ectonura, Seira, Parisotoma en Cryptopygus. 'n Begin is gemaak op die aanspreek van die gebrek van taksonomiese kennis deur vyf nuwe spesies te beskryf. Twee Ectonura Cassagnau 1980 spesies van Bettiesbaai en Grootvadersbosch is beskryf en 'n sleutel tot die Neanurinae van Suid-Afrika word verskaf. Die eerste rekord van die genus Triacanthella Schaffer, 1897 word beskryf van 'n grot in Tafelberg, terwyl twee nuwe spesies van Delamarephorura beskryf word en die genera Spicatella Thibaud 2002 en Delamarephorura Weiner & Najt 1999 gesinomiseer word. Hoewel vuur beskou word as die belangrikste vorm van ontbinding in die Fynbos bioom, het onlangse werk getoon dat die biologiese ontbinding belangriker mag wees as wat voorheen vermoed was. Ek ondersoek die veerkragtigheid van Collembola na 'n groot skaal vuur in Jonkershoek Natuurreservaat met behulp van kwantitatiewe steekproefneming wat tydelik herhaal. Die veerkragtigheid van ongewerwelde fauna in die fynbos word nie goed verstaan nie, dus het ek ondersoek ingestel na die diversiteit van Collembola voor en na 'n groot vuur. Resultate toon dat Collembola se spesierykheid en hoveelheid verbasend vinnig herstel na die vuur. Op 'n groter skaal, is kolleksies by ses plekke regoor die Wes-Kaap gebruik en verskillende blaarafval word vergelyk. Hier word 'n totaal van 113 morfologiese spesies gevind. Daar is gevind dat die hoogste aantal spesies in Kogelberg is (32 spesies), terwyl die omset tussen plekke baie hoog was. So sal die agteruitgang van plaaslike habitatte net soveel van 'n bedreiging inhou vir Collembola as vir die endemiese plante in hierdie streek.
Hensel, René. "Robust omniphobic surfaces by mimicking the springtail skin morphology." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-149179.
Full textAhmed, Qasim Hussein. "Evaluation of efficacy of fumigants and natural product extracts for management of springtail Hypogastrura vernalis (Collembola: Hypogastruridae) and green peach aphid Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae)." Thesis, Ahmed, Qasim Hussein (2018) Evaluation of efficacy of fumigants and natural product extracts for management of springtail Hypogastrura vernalis (Collembola: Hypogastruridae) and green peach aphid Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae). PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2018. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/46427/.
Full textFountain, Michelle T. "Biodiversity of springtails (Insecta : Collembola) in urban soils." Thesis, University of Reading, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252195.
Full textFrampton, Geoffrey Kenneth. "Effects of some commonly-used foliar fungicides on springtails (Collembols) in winter cereals." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235771.
Full textBaxter, Janine Rose. "Assessing genetic diversity of springtails (Collembola) across the Namib Desert and the potential role of environmental parameters in driving this diversity." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/67137.
Full textDissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2018.
National Research Foundation (NRF)
Genetics
MSc
Unrestricted
Coghetto, Franciele. "DISTRIBUIÇÃO E DIVERSIDADE ESPAÇO- TEMPORAL DA CLASSE COLLEMBOLA NA REGIÃO CENTRAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL, BRASIL." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2015. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/7602.
Full textAs long as the agricultural expansion progresses over the Pampa biome, the simplification and contamination of environments have become the main causing agents of loses of diversity of several soil organisms, among them the springtails. The Collembola class is one of the most plentiful groups present in the soil fauna; being responsible for the fragmentation of plant detritus, fungi dispersion, decomposition, nutrient mineralization and others; developing this way an elementary function at the dynamic of ecosystem operation. Springtails have a cosmopolitan distribution and can be found in almost all ecosystems, from the flooded areas until the higher elevations. Besides performing fundamental role at the ecosystem operation and be present in all zoogeographic regions, studies about Collembola class are overlooked and incipient at many areas, which is the case of Rio Grande do Sul. To that end, this study had as objective to schedule the distribution of springtails in different soil uses at the Central Depression Area of Rio Grande do Sul, allying taxonomic study to ecological parameters, aiming to contribute for the knowledge about dynamics of Collembola population in different soil uses at this region. Collects were performed with the aid of PROVID traps between November of 2013 and June of 2014, covering the annual seasonality. At all, were identified nineteen species and eighteen genders belonging to seven different families. The results showed indications of seasonality on the springtails distribution, and a preference for protected forest area, with eleven species belonging to six families collected. The area with less richness of species was the impacted one, with seven species belonging to four families, and the tillage with eight species belonging to four families collected. These data suggest to the loses of diversity caused, mainly, by ecosystem fragmentation and indiscriminate use of agrochemicals.
A medida que a expansão agrícola avança sobre os ecótopos do Bioma Pampa, a simplificação e a contaminação de ambientes tem se tornado os principais agentes causadores da perda de diversidade de vários organismos do solo entre eles os colêmbolos. A Classe Collembola é um dos grupos mais abundantes na fauna do solo, sendo responsável pela fragmentação de detritos vegetais, dispersão de fungos, decomposição, mineralização de nutrientes, entre outros, desempenhando assim papel fundamental na dinâmica do funcionamento dos ecossistemas. Os colêmbolos possuem distribuição cosmopolita e estão presentes em quase todos os ecossistemas, desde áreas alagadas até altitudes mais altas. Apesar de desempenhar papel fundamental no funcionamento dos ecossistemas e estarem presentes em todas as regiões zoogeográficas, estudos da Classe Collembola, são negligenciados e incipientes em várias regiões, como é o caso do Rio Grande do Sul. Neste intuito, o presente estudo teve como objetivo inventariar a distribuição dos colêmbolos em diferentes usos de solos na Depressão Central do Rio Grande do Sul, aliando o estudo taxonômico à parâmetros ecológicos, com fins de contribuir para o conhecimento da dinâmica populacional da Classe Collembola em diferentes usos de solo nesta região. Foram realizadas coletas com auxílio de armadilhas do tipo PROVID no período de novembro de 2013 à junho de 2014, de modo a cobrir a sazonalidade anual. Ao todo foram identificadas dezenove espécies, dezoito gêneros, pertencentes a sete famílias. Os resultados demostraram indícios de sazonalidade na distribuição dos colêmbolos e uma preferência pela área de floresta conservada, com onze espécies pertencentes a seis famílias, coletadas. Sendo que as áreas com menores riquezas de espécies foram a floresta impactada, com sete espécies pertencentes a quatro famílias e a lavoura com oito espécies, pertencentes a quatro famílias, coletadas. Esses dados sugerem para as perdas de diversidade causadas principalmente pela fragmentação de ecossistemas e pelo uso indiscriminado de agrotóxicos.
Santos, Marcielli Aparecida Borges dos. "Diversidade morfológica de Collembola em sistemas de uso do solo no leste de Santa Catarina." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2017. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/2494.
Full textMade available in DSpace on 2018-03-08T14:49:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGCS17MA163.pdf: 2398294 bytes, checksum: 7b3bc412b8dffb1fe76e721e42fd8595 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-23
Capes
The springtails (Collembola) are edaphic organisms with enormous morphological diversity and are affected by physical, chemical and biological soil properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate if the land-use influences the morphological diversity of springtails and to relate with the occurrence of these physical, chemical and microbiological soil attributes. Samples were collected in the eastern region of Santa Catarina, Brazil, involving three municipalities: Joinville, Blumenau and Timbó in the land-use systems (LUS) of native forest (NF), Eucalyptus plantation (EP), pasture (PA), integrated crop-livestock (ICL) and no-tillage crops (NT). The soil samples for determination of the edaphic attributes and the installation of Pitfall traps were carried in winter and summer, in the same points, from a sample grid of 3×3 points. The springtails captured were counted and morphotyped, observing characteristics such as: presence or absence of ocelli and fur, pigmentation, antenna length and furcula. For each one of these characteristics a score was assigned and by summing these values the morphotype and its adaptation to the soil were defined. The data were analyzed using abundance, Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H'), Pielou uniformity index (J), morphotypes richness and Margalef index, and modified Soil Biological Quality Index (QBS). Abundance was submitted to principal component analysis (PCA) to verify the relationship between morphotypes and LUS, using edaphic attributes as explicative environmental variables. The richness of springtails morphotypes was higher in NF and ICL, while the abundance was higher in ICL and PA in winter. The H' e Margalef indexes were higher in winter in the LUS where the intensity of use is lower (NF). In the summer, only H' differed significantly between LUS and was higher in NF. In all systems, the QBS index was higher in the summer season, with the exception of PA. The PCA showed a distinction between the seasons and the LUS, in which the occurrence of morphotypes was more related to microbiological attributes in the winter: microbial biomass carbon, microbial respiration and metabolic quotient; and chemical: potential acidity, organic matter and magnesium/potassium ratio. While in the summer, the morphotypes were explained by physical attributes: total porosity, biopores, soil moisture and macroporosity; and soil chemistry: organic matter and carbon/nitrogen ratio. The morphological diversity of springtails was influenced by conditions found in each LUS, showing sensitivity to changes in land-use, and thus can be considered a good tool for evaluation the biological quality of soil
Os colêmbolos (Collembola) são organismos edáficos com enorme diversidade morfológica e são influenciados pelas propriedades físicas, químicas e biológicas do solo. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se o uso do solo influencia na diversidade morfológica de colêmbolos e relacionar a ocorrência destes com atributos físicos, químicos e microbiológicos do solo. Foram coletadas amostras na região do Leste Catarinense, envolvendo três municípios: Joinville, Blumenau e Timbó nos sistemas de usos do solo (SUS) de floresta nativa (FN), reflorestamento de eucalipto (RE), pastagem perene (PA), integração lavoura-pecuária (ILP) e plantio direto (PD). As coletas de solo para determinação dos atributos edáficos e a instalação de armadilhas de solo (Pitfall traps) foram realizadas no inverno e verão, nos mesmos pontos, em grade amostral de 3×3 pontos. Os colêmbolos capturados foram contados e morfotipados, observando características como: presença ou ausência de ocelos e pelos, pigmentação, comprimento de antenas e tamanho de fúrcula. Para cada uma destas características se atribuiu uma pontuação e por meio da soma desses valores definiu-se o morfotipo e a sua adaptação ao solo. Os dados foram analisados por meio da abundância, diversidade de Shannon-Wiener (H’), uniformidade de Pielou (J), riqueza de morfotipos e de Margalef, e Índice de Qualidade Biológica do Solo (QBS) modificado. A abundância foi submetida à análise de componentes principais (ACP) para verificar a relação entre os morfotipos e os SUS, usando os atributos edáficos como variáveis ambientais explicativas. A riqueza de morfotipos de colêmbolos foi mais elevada em FN e ILP, enquanto a abundância de colêmbolos foi maior em ILP e PA, no inverno. Os índices H’ e Margalef foram maiores no inverno no SUS em que a intensidade de uso é menor (FN). No verão, somente H’ diferiu significativamente entre os SUS e foi maior em FN. Em todos os SUS estudados o índice QBS foi mais elevado na época do verão, com exceção da PA. A ACP mostrou distinção entre as épocas e os SUS. No inverno a ocorrência de morfotipos esteve mais relacionada aos atributos microbiológicos: carbono da biomassa microbiana, respiração microbiana e quociente metabólico; e químicos: acidez potencial, matéria orgânica e relação magnésio/potássio. Enquanto no verão, a ocorrência dos morfotipos foi mais explicada pelos atributos físicos: porosidade total, bioporos, umidade e macroporosidade; e químicos do solo: matéria orgânica e relação carbono/nitrogênio. A diversidade morfológica de colêmbolos foi influenciada pelas condições encontradas em cada SUS, mostrando sensibilidade às alterações no uso do solo, e desta forma, pode ser considerada uma boa ferramenta para avaliação da qualidade biológica do solo
Ferreira, Aila Soares. "Varia??o temporal e descri??o de novas esp?cies de collembola (arthropoda, hexapoda) em uma ?rea de caatinga do nordeste do Brasil." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2013. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/17353.
Full textCoordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
Collembola is one of the most abundant and diverse group of terrestrial arthropods, being at the base of the food chain operating in the decomposition process. They have a wide distribution in the world and can be found in practically all habitats. The knowledge of this distinctive fauna is still deficient in brazilian territory, especially in semi-arid region. The aim of this study was to investigate which climatic variables may act as predictors of species richness, abundance of individuals and compositional structure of the taxocenose of Collembola over 12 months in an area dominated by semi-arid Caatinga vegetation, northeastern Brazil and describe new species of the genus Seira found, more diverse taxon of Collembola in Brazil. Samples were collected in Jo?o C?mara, Rio Grande do Norte. Ten plots of 20 x 20 meters were established and the specimens were collected with collection effort of one hour/people using entomological aspirator. The identification and description of the species was carried out by studying the morphology and chaetotaxy. Was performed a multiple regression analysis between species richness and abundance of individuals with climatic variables. A total of 1231 individuals belonging to 15 species, 12 genera and nine families. The greatest richness and abundance of Collembola were found during the rainy season. The genus Seira was the most abundant. Rainfall explained the temporal variation in species richness and abundance of Collembola in the semi-arid region, which is consistent with the biology of these animals. The populations of Collembola showed grouped distribution. Three new species of Seira were described and illustrated and all show similarities with species already registered in the national territory
Collembola constitui um dos grupos mais abundantes e diversos de artr?podes terrestres, estando na base da cadeia alimentar e atuando no processo de decomposi??o. Possuem ampla distribui??o no mundo e podem ser encontrados em praticamente todos os habitats. O conhecimento desta distinta fauna ainda ? deficiente em territ?rio brasileiro, especialmente no semi?rido. O objetivo desse estudo foi investigar quais as vari?veis clim?ticas podem atuar como preditoras da riqueza de esp?cies, abund?ncia de indiv?duos e da estrutura composicional da taxocenose de Collembola ao longo de 12 meses em uma ?rea semi?rido dominada por vegeta??o de Caatinga, Nordeste brasileiro; e descrever novas esp?cies encontradas do g?nero Seira, t?xon mais diverso de Collembola no Brasil. As coletas foram realizadas em Jo?o C?mara, Rio Grande do Norte. Dez parcelas de 20 x 20 metros foram estabelecidas e os esp?cimes foram coletados com esfor?o de coleta de uma hora por pessoa utilizando um aspirador entomol?gico. A identifica??o e descri??o das esp?cies foram realizadas atrav?s do estudo da morfologia e quetotaxia dos exemplares. Foi realizada uma an?lise de regress?o m?ltipla entre a riqueza de esp?cies e a abund?ncia de indiv?duos com as vari?veis clim?ticas. Foi coletado um total de 1231 indiv?duos, distribu?dos em 15 esp?cies, 12 g?neros e nove fam?lias. As maiores riqueza e abund?ncia de Collembola foram encontradas durante a esta??o chuvosa. O g?nero Seira foi o mais abundante. A precipita??o explicou varia??o temporal da riqueza de esp?cies e abund?ncia de Collembola no semi?rido, o que condiz com a biologia desses animais. As popula??es de Collembola apresentaram distribui??o agrupada. Tr?s esp?cies novas de Seira foram descritas e ilustradas e todas apresentam semelhan?as com esp?cies j? registradas em territ?rio nacional
Moos, Jan Hendrik [Verfasser]. "Further development of indicators for the assessment of soil biodiversity using the example of earthworms and springtails (Collembola) with particular reference to organic farming / Jan Hendrik Moos." Kassel : Universitätsbibliothek Kassel, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1162156384/34.
Full textLe, Bourlot Vincent. "Compétition par interférence, température et dynamique des populations structurées : étude expérimentale et théorique chez le collembole folsomia candida." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01022022.
Full textSilva, Evandro Barbosa da. "Teores de elementos potencialmente tóxicos em solos de uma bacia hidrográfica e avaliação de risco à saúde humana." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11140/tde-26072013-112631/.
Full textSoil contamination by potential toxics elements (PTEs) can change the ecosystem structure, its function and can cause risk to human health. PTEs occur naturally in the environment; however human activities such as industrial emissions, urban sewage, animal waste, biosolids, fertilizers and pesticides can increase their concentration. Soil is one of the main pathways to human exposure, so it is important to evaluate the contents of PTEs in soils and their distribution in the watershed in order to assess the human health risk. The effects of PTEs that reach the soil on the diversity and functionality of microorganisms can be evaluated by ecotoxicological tests. Organisms that take part of the biological process can be used as environment quality indicators. One of them is the springtails (Collembola) that are wide spread and have high diversity, being found in all ecosystems. In this study, we evaluated the Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Cobalt (Co), Copper (Cu), Chromium (Cr), Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni) and Zinc (Zn) contents in 15 soil from Guamium watershed, located in Piracicaba, state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. To assess the human health risk lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) and rocket (Eruca sativus Mill.) were cultivated under greenhouse conditions. The effect of As rates on collembola reproduction was also evaluated. Soil samples were collected in the following depths: 0 - 0.1; 0.1 - 0.2; 0.2 - 0.3; 0.3 - 0.4; 0.4 - 0.6; 0.6 - 0.9 e 0.9 - 1.2 m. Contents of PTEs were obtained after microwave extraction by EPA 3051a method (0.5 g soil + 9 mL HNO3 + 3 mL HCl). As and Cu had the highest contents, and their concentration were close or higher than prevention value established by Sao Paulo state environmental agency (Cetesb). As showed high carcinogenic risk, otherwise Cu only represented risk to human health in the most restrictive scenario, when 100% of the vegetables consumed were taken from the contaminated area. There was difference in the As availability between natural soil and artificial soil (ArtS) which was composed by sand, Kaolinite and powdered coconut fiber. As availability was high in the ArtS and it decreased the collembola reproduction. The Lowest Observed Effect Concentration (LOEC) on SAT were 0.25 mg kg-1, while and the No Observed Effect Concentration (LOEC) were less than 0.25 mg kg-1. Otherwise, the LOEC were 8.41 mg kg-1 in the natural soil, but it was not possible to define the NOEC.
Chomel, Mathilde. "Sylviculture intensive en région boréale : impact de la mixité des essences sur le processus de décomposition des litières et le stockage de carbone." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4747/document.
Full textThe use of trees under intensive management is particularly important for rapid fibre production and for reduce cutting pressure on natural forests in boreal regions. However, a debate on the best type of plantation management opposes the mono-and pluri-specific management. Despite the possible antagonistic effects on productivity, it seems that mixed plantations would have benefits on soil properties, environmental stability, but also to maintain biodiversity and aesthetic value. It is important to better understand the functioning of these ecosystems to make good management in order to optimize ecosystem services of these plantations. Litter decomposition and nutrient cycling are essential process for the ecosystems functioning. My thesis project was to better understand the influence of the mixing of two tree species planted in comparison to monospecific plantations, namely white spruce and hybrid poplar, on the litter decomposition process and carbon storage. The results of this study showed no improvement in the decomposition process with the mixture of poplar and spruce in plantation or by their litters mixture. However, the mixture of the two species in plantation buffers the contrasting effects of poplar and spruce observed in monospecific plantations. In addition, carbon storage and productivity of poplars are improved in mixed plantations compared to monospecific plantations. Herbaceous litter appears to be beneficial for the abundance of organisms and promote the release of nitrogen from tree litter. This could offset the negative effect of the presence of grasses that compete with trees for resources
Hensel, René. "Robust omniphobic surfaces by mimicking the springtail skin morphology." Doctoral thesis, 2013. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A28206.
Full textChen, C.-G., T. Chen, B.-Z. Hua, and Tao Ruan Wan. "Structure and functions of the ventral tube of the clover springtail Sminthurus viridis (Collembola Sminthuridae)." 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/16817.
Full textSpringtails (Collembola) are unique in Hexapoda for bearing a ventral tube (collophore) on the first abdominal segment. Although numerous studies have been conducted on the functions of the ventral tube, its fine structure has not been thoroughly elucidated to date. In this paper, we observed the jumping behavior of the clover springtail Sminthurus viridis (Linnaeus, 1758) and dissected the ventral tube using light microscopy to elucidate the fine structure and the possible function of the ventral tube. The results show that a pair of eversible vesicles can be extended from the apical opening of the ventral tube. The eversible vesicles are furnished with numerous small papillae, and can be divided into a basal part and a distal part. The eversible vesicles have a central lumen connected to the tiny papillae and leading to the body cavity. The eversible vesicles can reach any part of the body, and may serve as following functions: (a) absorbing moisture; (b) uptaking water; (c) cleaning the body surface; and (d) fastening the body on a smooth surface.
Chen, Jun-Ji, and 陳俊吉. "Morphology, life history and control of phalaenopsis springtail (Lepidocyrtus near cyaneus Tullberg) (Collembola : Entomobryidae)." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/46681390740384408748.
Full text國立屏東科技大學
植物保護系
95
Lepidocyrtus near cyaneus Tullberg belongs to Class Insect, Order Collembola, Family Entomobryidae. Body length 0.75mm. Antennae and legs without scale. Antennae 4 segmented, 1.6 times as long as head. Antennal segment ratio as 1:2:2:4. Eyes 8+8, with 3 interocular setae. Claws paired. Unguis with 2 inner teeth. Unguiculus lanceolate. The ventral tube, tenaculum and furca are positioned ventrally on abdominal I, III and IV, respectively. The genital aperture is positioned ventrally on abdominal V and consists of a transverse slit in the female and longitudinal slit in the male. At 25 and 30℃, the egg stage lasted for 4.3 and 2.9 days, respectively. The hatching rates are 69.2% at 25℃and 61.8% at 30℃. Toxicities of 10 insecticides were tested for phalaenopsis springtail. Results showed that chlorpyrifos (40.8% WC 1500x), methamidophos (50% SL 2000x), dimethoate (44% EC 1000x) and deltamethrin (2.8% WC 1000x) were effective to cause 100%, mortalities of phalaenopsis springtail were 100%. Mortalities by acetamiprid (20% SP1000x, methomyl (90% SC 500x) and imidacloprid (9.6% SL 500x) were 96.0%, 90.0% and 81.3%, respectively. Field trailed showed that methamidophos, imidacloprid, methomy, acetamiprid and chlorpyrifos were more effective than other insecticides. Frequency of occurrence springtails could be reduced from 66% to 1% by imidacloprid treatment. Application of hot water treatment (65℃, 3 mins; 55℃, 5 mins and 50℃, 10 mins) provided 100% control to phalaenopsis springtail on the sphagnum. Key words: Collembola, phalaenopsis springtails, morphology, life history, chemical control, physical control
Zhang, Bing. "Habitat selection, cryptic diversity, phylogeny, and phylogeography of the European Lepidocyrtus lanuginosus species group (Collembola: Entomobryidae)." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-002E-E58C-1.
Full textChen, Ting-Wen. "Assembly processes in soil animal communities: Integrating phylogeny and trait-based approaches." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-002E-E372-9.
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