Relevant bibliographies by topics / Springs and suspensions

Academic literature on the topic 'Springs and suspensions'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 2 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Springs and suspensions"

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Konieczny, Łukasz, and Rafał Burdzik. "Comparison of Characteristics of the Components Used in Mechanical and Non-Conventional Automotive Suspensions." Solid State Phenomena 210 (October 2013): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.210.26.

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The paper presents the comparison of the characteristics of spring and damping components used in conventional and non-conventional automotive suspensions. The conventional suspension is based on steel coil springs and hydraulic dampers with fixed characteristics. As an example, the adaptive non-conventional suspension shows the characteristics of hydropneumatic suspension components (suspension are constantly being developed and is now based on mechatronic control systems of damping characteristics). The paper summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of these solutions.
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Chang, F., and Z.-H. Lu. "Dynamic model of an air spring and integration into a vehicle dynamics model." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 222, no. 10 (October 1, 2008): 1813–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544070jauto867.

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It is worthwhile to design a more accurate dynamic model for air springs, to investigate the dynamic behaviour of an air spring suspension, and to analyse and guide the design of vehicles with air spring suspensions. In this study, a dynamic model of air spring was established, considering the heat transfer process of the air springs. Two different types of air spring were tested, and the experimental results verified the effectiveness of the air spring model compared with the traditional model. The key factors affecting the computation accuracy were studied and checked by comparing the results of the experiments and simulations. The new dynamic model of the air spring was integrated into the full-vehicle multi-body dynamics model, in order to investigate the air suspension behaviour and vehicle dynamics characteristics. The co-simulation method using ADAMS and MATLAB/Simulink was applied to integration of the air spring model with the full-vehicle multi-body dynamics model.
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Hua, CR, Y. Zhao, ZW Lu, and H. Ouyang. "Random vibration of vehicle with hysteretic nonlinear suspension under road roughness excitation." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 10, no. 1 (January 2018): 168781401775122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814017751222.

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The analysis of random vibration of a vehicle with hysteretic nonlinear suspension under road roughness excitation is a fundamental part of evaluation of a vehicle’s dynamic features and design of its active suspension system. The effective analysis method of random vibration of a vehicle with hysteretic suspension springs is presented based on the pseudoexcitation method and the equivalent linearisation technique. A stable and efficient iteration scheme is constructed to obtain the equivalent linearised system of the original nonlinear vehicle system. The power spectral density of the vehicle responses (vertical body acceleration, suspension working space and dynamic tyre load) at different speeds and with different nonlinear levels of hysteretic suspension springs are analysed, respectively, by the proposed method. It is concluded that hysteretic nonlinear suspensions influence the vehicle dynamic characteristic significantly; the frequency-weighted root mean square values at the front and rear suspensions and the vehicle’s centre of gravity are reduced greatly with increasing the nonlinear levels of hysteretic suspension springs, resulting in better ride comfort of the vehicle.
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Morales, Angel L., Antonio J. Nieto, José M. Chicharro, and Publio Pintado. "A semi-active vehicle suspension based on pneumatic springs and magnetorheological dampers." Journal of Vibration and Control 24, no. 4 (June 7, 2016): 808–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546316653004.

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Semi-active and active suspensions can improve both ride comfort and handling compared to passive suspensions. The authors have proposed a suspension comprising a pneumatic system capable of changing the stiffness of the suspension and a semi-active magnetorheological damper capable of controlling the suspension damping. Eight configurations of this magnetorheological/pneumatic suspension result from combining two possible stiffnesses (compliant and stiff) and four possible means of producing damping (constant low, constant high, on-off skyhook control and on-off balance control). The minimization of a cost function, which considers both ride comfort and handling, leads to decision maps which indicate the most appropriate configuration depending on vehicle velocity and two pieces of information about the road: the international roughness index and the curve radius. All this information can be gathered from a GPS system and toggling between set-ups is fast, efficient, and easily done by simply opening or closing pipes in the pneumatic system and modifying the current supply in the magnetorheological dampers. The proposed magnetorheological/pneumatic suspension achieves the same roll angle levels as in a comparable passive vehicle while improving ride comfort by reducing acceleration by up to 30%.
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Luo, R. K., P. W. Cook, W. X. Wu, and W. J. Mortel. "Fatigue design of rubber springs used in rail vehicle suspensions." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 217, no. 3 (May 1, 2003): 237–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440903769012920.

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Rubber-to-metal bonded springs are vital antivibration components for rail vehicles. Metacone rubber springs are widely used as a primary spring on a rail vehicle fitted at the wheel axle box. Nowadays the more demanding operating environment has made the design of such components more challenging than ever before. By using an integrated design-simulation-testing procedure it is possible to achieve the maximum fatigue capacity of the suspension components under a very tight space envelope. This note illustrates the procedure to achieve the high performance and the fatigue service life requirements for the suspension components.
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Cheng, Zhongli, Zonghua Li, and Fanqing Kong. "Statistical Linearization of Nonlinear Stiffness in Hydropneumatic Suspension." MATEC Web of Conferences 153 (2018): 04006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815304006.

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Hydropneumatic springs are the elastic components of a vehicle’s suspension. As the nonlinear characteristic of the spring is difficult to express accurately, the statistical linearization method is introduced to analyze the dynamic response of the hydropneumatic spring. The nonlinear stiffness of a hydropneumatic spring is approximated by a quadratic polynomial at the static equilibrium position. Parameters of the hydropneumatic spring, road roughness and vehicle velocity are provided and analytical functions for equivalent stiffness and the dynamic equilibrium position are worked out in this paper. The analytical functions are validated through numerical simulation and are shown to be more accurate than those validated by existing methods. The method proposed here could be used in the design and analysis of hydropneumatic suspensions in future.
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Cole, D. J., and D. Cebon. "Modification of a Heavy Vehicle Suspension to Reduce Road Damage." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 209, no. 3 (July 1995): 183–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1995_209_203_02.

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A test rig for measuring the quasi-static performance of tandem suspensions in the laboratory is described. Measurements on a standard tandem leaf-spring suspension show it to have high effective stiffness in bounce and poor static load equalization. A method for eliminating the spring-end friction is investigated, and found to improve the performance significantly. A two-dimensional articulated vehicle simulation is validated with measurements from a test vehicle. The simulation is then used to study the effect on dynamic tyre forces of three modifications to the trailer suspension: softer springs; elimination of spring-end friction; and hydraulic dampers. The r.m.s. dynamic loads generated by the trailer axles are predicted to decrease by approximately 31 per cent and the theoretical road damage is predicted to decrease by about 13 per cent. The trailer suspension of the test vehicle is adapted to incorporate the three modifications and the measured reductions in dynamic tyre forces are found to be about half those predicted by the simulation.
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Chen, Xi, Ying Liu, and Hua Zhang. "Finite Element Analysis of Different Flexure Springs." Applied Mechanics and Materials 44-47 (December 2010): 2065–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.44-47.2065.

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Flexure spring suspensions have demonstrated the ability to provide long operating lifetimes for cryocoolers. The good flexure spring need high radial stiffness and high fatigue life. The profile curves are very important for flexure spring. In this paper, based on the finite element analysis software (ANSYS), geometrically nonlinear static structural analysis and nonlinear dynamics structural analysis were made to several different flexure springs. The fatigue strength, axial and radial stiffness, modal frequency were calculated and listed. The different performance between linear flexure spring and spiral flexure spring were discussed, which would provide an advisory opinion for the design and application of flexure spring in space cryocooler.
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Liu, Xiaofu, Jason Z. Jiang, Andrew Harrison, and Xiaoxiang Na. "Truck suspension incorporating inerters to minimise road damage." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 234, no. 10-11 (April 6, 2020): 2693–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407020905149.

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Road damage caused by heavy vehicles is a serious problem experienced worldwide. This paper investigates the potential for reduction in road damage by incorporating the inerter element into truck suspension systems. Initially, quarter-car, pitch-plane and roll-plane models with two low-complexity inerter-based linear suspension layouts are investigated in the frequency domain. Reductions of the J95 road damage index for each model are identified against conventional parallel spring–damper truck suspension layouts. It is also shown that the proposed suspensions are capable of enhancing the roll stability while keeping the road damage at a given level. Subsequently, the nonlinear relationship between force and displacement as manifested by leaf springs is incorporated into the pitch-plane and roll-plane time-domain models. These confirm the potential advantage of inerter-based suspension layouts for road damage reduction.
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Mallick, P. K. "Static Mechanical Performance of Composite Elliptic Springs." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 109, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3225927.

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Composite elliptic spring is a new concept as an application of fiber reinforced plastics in automotive suspensions. It functions in the same vertical deflection mode and packaging space as a steel coil spring and has the potential of saving as much as 50 percent by weight over a steel spring. The unique feature of the elliptic spring is that the fibers are utilized in tension instead of shear, thus avoiding the inherent weakness of a composite material in a coiled configuration. Several elliptic spring elements can be mounted in series to obtain the desired spring rate. In this paper, mechanical performance and failure analysis of composite elliptic springs under static loads are presented. Both thick and thin walled elliptic spring elements constructed from unidirectional E-glass fiber reinforced epoxy tapes were tested in static compression. Interlaminar shear failure is the primary failure mode in these springs. Both failure load and spring rate depend on the thickness of the spring. Joining of spring elements by bolts is also investigated.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Springs and suspensions"

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Brezas, Panagiotis Panos. "Time-domain optimal control for vehicle suspensions." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.607986.

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Ma, Xin Bo. "Characteristic analysis, regulating mechanism modeling and advanced control on hydraulic adjustable dampers for automotive semi-active suspensions." Thesis, University of Macau, 2018. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3951593.

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Graves, Kynan E., and kgraves@swin edu au. "Electromagnetic energy regenerative vibration damping." Swinburne University of Technology, 2000. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20060307.120939.

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This thesis documents a PhD level research program, undertaken at the Industrial Institute Swinburne, Swinburne University of Technology between the years of 1997 and 2000. The research program investigated electromagnetic energy regenerative vibration damping; the process of recovering energy from damped, vibrating systems. More specifically, the main research objective was to determine the performance of regenerative damping for the application of vehicle suspension systems. This question emerged due to the need for continuous improvement of vehicle efficiency and the potential benefits possible from the development of regenerative vehicle suspension. It was noted, at the outset of this research, that previous authors had undertaken research on particular aspects of regenerative damping systems. However in this research, the objective was to undertake a broader investigation which would serve to provide a deeper understanding of the key factors. The evaluation of regenerative vibration damping performance was achieved by developing a structured research methodology that began with analysing the overall requirements of regenerative damping and, based on these requirements, investigated several important design aspects of the system. The specific design aspects included an investigation of electromagnetic machines for use as regenerative damping devices. This analysis concentrated on determining the most promising electromagnetic device construction based on its damping and regeneration properties. The investigation then proceeded to develop an 'impedance-matching' regenerative interface, in order to control the energy flows in the system. This form of device had not been previously developed for electromagnetic vibration damping, and provided a significant advantage in maximising energy regeneration while maintaining damping control. The results from this analysis, when combined with the issues of integrating such a system in vehicle suspension, were then used to estimate the overall performance of regenerative damping for vehicle suspension systems. The methodology and findings in this research program provided a number of contributing elements to the field, and provided an insight into the development of regenerative vehicle systems. The findings revealed that electromagnetic regenerative vibration damping may be feasible for applications such as electric vehicles in which energy efficiency is a primary concern, and may have other applications in similar vibrating systems.
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Huynh, Due Quoc. "Optimization of coulombic semi-active automotive suspension systems." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16072.

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Falcone, Giovanni. "Air-spring suspension influence in fluid dynamic sloshing." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/20190/.

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Il rollover di un veicolo, ossia la possibilità che esso possa ribaltarsi, è un fenomeno comune oggigiorno ed esso può essere causato da una serie di motivi, tra cui le condizioni del veicolo e della strada, le dimensioni del carico o eventuali errori da parte del conducente, che provocano fino al 78 % dei ribaltamenti. Le molle ad aria stanno guadagnando sempre più popolarità nel settore automobilistico e presentano numerosi vantaggi rispetto alle più classiche molle elicoidali. Le molle ad aria hanno molti vantaggi unici, come un comfort di marcia superiore, una riduzione dell'attrito, minore rumorosità ecc. Nella tesi realizzata, le molle ad aria vengono utilizzate nelle sospensioni di un'autocisterna al fine di esaminare l'effetto che esse determinano sul comportamento del veicolo ed in particolare sullo sloshing del fluido contenuto nella cisterna.
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Derrick, M. C. "A parallel polymer spring truck cab suspension system." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233119.

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Karlqvist, Rasmus. "Hydropneumatic suspension in a truck : Installation of a hydropneumatic suspension for a Scania truck." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-78647.

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Investigation and testing of hydropneumatic suspension systems has previously been done at Scania between the year 1992 and 2000. Interest has aroused at Scania CV AB to further test a hydropneumatic suspension. The reason being the new ventures of decarbonised, clean, electrified, automatized and digitalised vehicles. If electrified trucks are to be adopted in the market as an alternative to trucks with combustion engines, solutions for this type of vehicle’s capacity need to be presented. The vehicle’s weight needs to be reduced; the effectiveness of the components needs to be increased and alternatives to increase battery storage needs to arise if it’s going match the traveling distance of a combustion engine. The mission of the project is to present an installation solution of a hydropneumatic suspension that retains the performance of the current air suspension. The presented material will contain CAD-models of all the brackets that will be designed to fit the suspension, as well as the placement in the vehicle assembly for said brackets. The results show that as for the front suspension the best solution is a placement of the hydraulic cylinders in front of the vehicles front axle. Furthermore the rear suspension is best suited for a placement of the hydraulic cylinders behind the vehicles rear axle. However it was concluded that the rear suspension will not be able to retain the current stroke of the vehicle without sacrificing its ground clearance. Parts of the suspension could however be terminated when the air suspension system was replaced by the hydropneumatic system namely: The front suspension anti-roll bar, shock absorbers, air springs and their coexisting brackets.
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Christ, Florian. "Adaption and evaluation of transversal leaf spring suspension design for a lightweight vehicle using Adams/Car." Thesis, KTH, Fordonsdynamik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-180035.

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This investigation deals with the suspension of a lightweight medium-class vehicle for four passengers with a curb weight of 1000 kg. The suspension layout consists of a transversal leaf spring and is supported by an active air spring which is included in the damper. The lower control arms are replaced by the leaf spring ends. Active ride height control is introduced to compensate for different vehicle load states. Active steering is applied using electric linear actuators with steer-by wire design. Besides intense use of light material the inquiry should investigate whether elimination of suspension parts or a lighter component is concordant with the stability demands of the vehicle. The investigation is based on simulations obtained with MSC Software ADAMS/Car and Matlab. The suspension is modeled in Adams/Car and has to proof it's compliance in normal driving conditions and under extreme forces. Evaluation criteria are suspension kinematics and compliance such as camber, caster and toe change during wheel travel in different load states. Also the leaf spring deflection, anti-dive and anti-squat measures and brake force distribution are investigated. Based on a simplified version of the leaf spring suspension design a full vehicle model is created. The comparison between the suspension models evaluates the same basic suspension parameters to ensure the compliance. Additionally roll rate and understeer gradient are investigated. It can be shown that the vehicle equipped with transversal leaf spring instead of lower control arms fulfils the set kinematics and compliance requirements. Road holding performance is assured for normal driving conditions on public roads.
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Steward, Victoria. "Modeling of a folded spring supporting MEMS gyroscope." Link to electronic thesis, 2003. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-1007103-133256/.

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Zhao, Jing. "Design, control and testing of a novel hybrid active air suspension system for automobiles." Thesis, University of Macau, 2017. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3691888.

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Books on the topic "Springs and suspensions"

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Truck & Bus Meeting & Exposition (1989 Charlotte, N.C.). Advanced truck suspensions. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers, 1989.

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Matschinsky, Wolfgang. Road vehicle suspensions. London, UK: Professional Engineering Pub., 2000.

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International, Conference on Advanced Suspensions (1988 London England). Advanced suspensions: 24-25 October 1988, the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Birdcage Walk, London. London: Published for the Institution of Mechanical Engineers by Mechanical Engineering Publications Ltd., 1988.

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Mitchell, C. G. B. The effect of the design of goods vehicle suspensions on loads on roads and bridges. Crowthorne, Berkshire: Vehicles and Environment Division, Vehicles Group, Transport and Road Research Laboratory, 1987.

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Mitchell, C. G. B. The effect of the design of goods vehicle suspensions on loads on roads and bridges. Crowthorne: Transport and Road Research Laboratory, 1987.

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Mitchell, C. G. B. The effect of the design of goods vehicle suspensions on loads on roads and bridges. Crowthorne, Berkshire: Vehicles and Environment Division, Vehicles Group, Transport and Road Research Laboratory, 1987.

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Mitchell, C. G. B. The effect of the design of goods vehicle suspensions on loads on roads and bridges. Crowthorne, Berks: Transport and Road Research Laboratory, Vehicles Group, Vehicle and Environment Division, 1987.

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Institution of Mechanical Engineers (Great Britain) International Conference. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, International Conference: Advanced suspensions, 24-25 October 1988, The Institution of Mechanical Engineers, London. London: Published for the Institution of Mechanical Engineers by Mechanical Engineering Publications Limited, 1988.

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Heimbecher, John. Suspension geometry and design. [S.l.]: DaimlerChrysler, 1998.

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Dixon, John C. Tyres, suspension, and handling. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Springs and suspensions"

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Orlova, Anna M., Aleksei M. Sokolov, Ekaterina A. Rudakova, Denis V. Shevchenko, Artem V. Gusev, and Stanislav I. Popovich. "Coil Springs in Suspensions of Railway Vehicles." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 562–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38077-9_67.

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Bauer, Wolfgang. "Spring and Damping Characteristics of Hydropneumatic Suspension Systems." In Hydropneumatic Suspension Systems, 19–66. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15147-7_2.

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Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "Suspension." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 539. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_10240.

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Barreira, Luís. "Suspension Flows." In Springer Monographs in Mathematics, 19–32. Heidelberg: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00548-5_2.

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Szabó, Ferenc János. "Optimization of Springs Applied in Vehicle Suspension Structure." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 585–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75677-6_51.

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Han, Endao. "Ultrasound Techniques for Studying Suspensions." In Springer Theses, 11–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38348-0_2.

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Barreira, Luís. "Suspensions over Symbolic Dynamics." In Springer Monographs in Mathematics, 81–90. Heidelberg: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00548-5_7.

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Kashem, Saad, Romesh Nagarajah, and Mehran Ektesabi. "Vehicle Suspension System." In Springer Tracts in Mechanical Engineering, 23–37. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5478-5_3.

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Burtscher, H., and H. C. Siegmann. "Aerosols, Large Clusters in Gas Suspensions." In Springer Series in Chemical Physics, 272–89. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84985-5_12.

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Zhao, L. H., H. I. Andersson, J. J. J. Gillissen, and B. J. Boersma. "Simulating Fibre Suspensions: Lagrangian versus Statistical Approach." In Springer Proceedings in Physics, 347–50. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03085-7_84.

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Conference papers on the topic "Springs and suspensions"

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Frendo, Francesco, Vincenzo Sarra, and Michele Spina. "Finite Element Analysis of Side-Load Springs for McPherson Front Suspensions." In ASME 8th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2006-95573.

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In the present work, the operating conditions of “side-load” springs, which are typically employed in McPherson suspensions, were analysed by finite element analysis. The finite element model, including the spring and the upper and lower spring seats, is firstly described in the paper; the spring geometry was accurately obtained by a reverse engineering procedure based on two video cameras and a video projector. Surface to surface contact elements were defined between spring and seats; the initial assembling phase of the spring between the seats was also included in the finite element analysis. The experimental rig, employed for spring characterisation, and the performed numerical analyses are then presented; results are discussed in comparison with experimental data, in terms of spring characteristic, side-load force and thrust axis spatial position, as a function of spring compression. A fully satisfactory agreement was generally observed between numerical results and experiments. The effect of lower spring seat orientation on results was also investigated by numerical analysis. A higher inclination of the lower seat appeared to increase the side-load force; at the same time, for a given configuration, the thrust axis orientation, remained almost constant during suspension compression.
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Oledzki, Wieslaw J. "Smooth Non-Linear Springs, Particularly Smooth Progressive-Rate Steel Springs." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-43242.

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In this paper I discuss my invention that solves the problem of designing and manufacturing springs made of elastic materials, particularly steel springs, with prescribed characteristic (dependence of flex on external load) given by a smooth (i.e. differentiable) non-linear function. The method according to the invention consists in forming an elastic body with suitably shaped regions of diversified stiffness and (possibly) diversified initial internal stresses. This suitable shape of the regions lies at the hart of the invention and is briefly discussed in the paper. I also give some formulas for the spring characteristic of the springs according to the invention and describe a method for obtaining these formulas. The paper is a companion to my patent applications “Smooth non-linear springs, particularly smooth progressive rate steel springs, progressive rate vehicle suspensions and method”, US 11/950,935 and PL P380,914.
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Leevy, Gary, and Khoa Cao. "Evaluation of a Multi-Leaf Hybrid Springs for Automotive Suspensions." In SAE 2004 World Congress & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2004-01-0782.

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Oledzki, Wieslaw J. "Progressive Rate Steel Vehicle Suspension." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-13093.

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It is well known that progressiveness of the damping characteristic of vehicle suspension is a highly desirable feature that substantially improves shock absorption transmitted from the road wheels to the body of a vehicle. It is also well known that progressive rate vehicle suspensions with smooth (i.e. differentiable) damping characteristic commonly in use are pneumatic and hydro-pneumatic ones. However, these suspensions are inferior to steel ones in many aspects such as strength, durability, reliability and cost, and their damping characteristic, being determined by the thermodynamic properties (adiabatic exponent) of the gas (air or nitrogen) they utilize, cannot be freely adjusted and is far from optimum. There are also some progressive rate vehicle suspensions fitted with steel springs, but they usually features inferior non-differentiable damping characteristic. The problem of constructing purely mechanical steel progressive rate vehicle suspension has been undertaken by many inventors, but none of such suspensions proposed in the past was a success. This is due to the fact that those suspensions used unreliable and perishable cam mechanisms to achieve required non-linearity of damping characteristic. In the present article we briefly discuss an innovative recently patented [1-4] vehicle suspension, that produces progressive rate smooth damping characteristic out of linear characteristic of steel spring of any kind, which damping characteristic can be adjusted to any specific requirements, and which features extraordinarily compact and robust structure. It is to be stressed that the suspension presented in this paper has yet not been tested in a vehicle, but some measurements has been made using a steel model of a "flat" version of the suspension mechanism proving general assumptions behind the design.
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Braghin, Francesco, Edoardo Sabbioni, and Francesco Annoni. "Design of a Leaf Spring Suspension for an FSAE Vehicle." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-35474.

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FSAE is a competition in which engineering students are asked to conceive, design, fabricate and compete with small, formula style, autocross racing cars ([1]). To give teams the maximum design flexibility and the freedom to express their creativity and imaginations there are very few restrictions on the overall vehicle design. DynamiΣ team (from Politecnico di Milano) has designed and optimized a new leaf spring suspension that allows to significantly reduce the weight and lower the centre of gravity of traditional suspensions that are based on linear dampers and coil springs. In fact, besides being extremely adjustable, the proposed leaf spring suspension weights a half, being made of carbon fiber and aluminum sandwich, and lowers the centre of gravity of the suspension system, being placed below the vehicle frame.
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Jutte, Christine V., and Sridhar Kota. "Design of Planar Nonlinear Springs for Prescribed Load-Displacement Functions." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-35535.

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Nonlinear springs can simplify and improve the performance of a variety of devices, including prosthetics, MEMS, and vehicle suspensions. Each nonlinear spring application has unique load-displacement specifications that do not correspond to one general spring design. This limits the use of nonlinear springs and thus compromises the performance of these applications. This paper presents a generalized methodology, including topology, size, and shape optimization, for creating nonlinear springs with prescribed load-displacement functions. The methodology includes a new parametric model that represents nonlinear springs as a single-plane, ‘fractal’-like network of splines. The parametric model and the objective function are incorporated into a genetic algorithm optimization scheme. Nonlinear finite element analysis evaluates the large displacements of each spring design. Three nonlinear spring examples, each having uniquely prescribed load-displacement functions including a “J”-shaped, an “S”-shaped, and a constant-force function, generate designs that demonstrate the methodology’s effectiveness in designing nonlinear springs.
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Ramakrishnan, Kesavan, Liunan Yang, Federico Maria Ballo, Massimiliano Gobbi, and Giampiero Mastinu. "Multi-Objective Optimization of Road Vehicle Passive Suspensions With Inerter." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-59864.

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The influence of inerter on the performance of passive suspension systems is studied by comparing six different suspension architectures using a simplified quarter-car model. The suspension architectures can have one or two springs, damper, and inerter. Ride comfort, road holding, and working space are considered as the objective functions, while the suspension spring stiffness, damping ratio, and inerter equivalent mass are taken as the design variables for the multi-objective optimization. The Pareto-optimal solutions are computed and compared in the objective functions domain. The results confirm that specific inerter architectures provide advantages when all the design variables are varied. The inerter benefits are more evident in all the considered architectures, when the suspension spring stiffness is kept constant.
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Hasegawa, Keiji, Shinsuke Okura, and Toshiyuki Imaizumi. "New Technology of Manufacturing for Coil Springs Used in Automotive Suspensions." In SAE 2002 World Congress & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2002-01-0318.

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Yoshikawa, Hidetoshi, Takayuki Sakakibara, and Masami Wakita. "Stronger Material for Cold-Formed Coil Springs Used in Automotive Suspensions." In SAE 2002 World Congress & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2002-01-0370.

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Hu, Yinlong, Kai Wang, and Michael Z. Q. Chen. "Performance optimization for passive suspensions with one damper one inerter and three springs." In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Information and Automation (ICIA). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icinfa.2015.7279496.

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Reports on the topic "Springs and suspensions"

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Mechanic struck and killed by over-pressurized suspension air spring on tractor trailer - Kentucky. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, March 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshsface16ky039.

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