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Journal articles on the topic 'Spree River'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 26 July 2024

Last updated: 28 July 2024

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1

Marotta, Irene. "Flussbad Berlin Re-Naturalization Project for the Spree River in the Museum Island." Advanced Materials Research 1149 (August 2018): 76–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1149.76.

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This article considers the issues of the re-naturalization of riverbanks and the urban regeneration of historic centres while focussing on the Flussbad Berlin, a project of sustainable redevelopment of the Spree River, around the Museum Island, which today is the focus of major city debate. Spree River is considered as a public space, an important resource that concerns the whole city. For the project, the historic centre is the main place to combine hot topics pertaining to the contemporary society such as ecology, environmental sustainability, concertation, and public-private collaboration. Berlin is conceived as a «dialogic city» where diverse sites and activities can express themselves and interact productively.

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2

Wanner, Susanne C., and Martin Pusch. "Analysis of particulate organic matter retention by benthic structural elements in a lowland river (River Spree, Germany)." Fundamental and Applied Limnology 151, no. 3 (May 23, 2001): 475–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/archiv-hydrobiol/151/2001/475.

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3

Schlaeger, F., H. Schonlau, and J. Köngeter. "An integrated water resources management approach for the River Spree and its catchment." Water Science and Technology 47, no. 7-8 (April 1, 2003): 191–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0689.

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In this paper a concept of an integrated water quality model for a river catchment area is presented. The main focus is directed to the development of a water quality module for rivers. Necessary simplifications for calculation of hydraulics and water quality will be explained. Furthermore, by first simulation results possible applications of the model are presented.

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4

Köhler, Jan. "Dynamics of phytoplankton in the lowland River Spree (Germany)." SIL Proceedings, 1922-2010 25, no. 3 (January 1994): 1590–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03680770.1992.11900447.

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5

Yazdan, Munshi Md Shafwat, Md Tanvir Ahad, Raaghul Kumar, and Md Abdullah Al Mehedi. "Estimating Flooding at River Spree Floodplain Using HEC-RAS Simulation." J 5, no. 4 (October 10, 2022): 410–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/j5040028.

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River renaturation can be an effective management method for restoring a floodplain’s natural capacity and minimizing the effects during high flow periods. A 1D-2D Hydrologic Engineering Center–River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) model, in which the flood plain was considered as 2D and the main channel as 1D, was used to simulate flooding in the restored reach of the Spree River, Germany. When computing in this model, finite volume and finite difference approximations using the Preissmann approach are used for the 1D and 2D models, respectively. To comprehend the sensitivity of the parameters and model, several scenarios were simulated using different time steps and grid sizes. Additionally, dikes, dredging, and changes to the vegetation pattern were used to simulate flood mitigation measures. The model predicted that flooding would occur mostly in the downstream portion of the channel in the majority of the scenarios without mitigation measures, whereas with mitigation measures, flooding in the floodplain would be greatly reduced. By preserving the natural balance on the channel’s floodplain, the restored area needs to be kept in good condition. Therefore, mitigating measures that balance the area’s economic and environmental aspects must be considered in light of the potential for floods.

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6

Fredrich, F., S. Ohmann, B. Curio, and F. Kirschbaum. "Spawning migrations of the chub in the River Spree, Germany." Journal of Fish Biology 63, no. 3 (August 29, 2003): 710–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1095-8649.2003.00184.x.

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7

Koronkevich, N. I., and K. S. Melnik. "Impact of urbanized landscapes on the river flow in Europe." Izvestiya Rossiiskoi akademii nauk. Seriya geograficheskaya, no. 3 (June 25, 2019): 78–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s2587-55662019378-87.

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Global urban landscapes were growing rapidly during last decades. The impact of this growth on annual river runoff of foreign European and Russian river basins was shown in this article. Calculations for Moscow river basin were taken as a basis for computations. The performed calculations show, that 1% of urbanization area increase also enhances total river runoff at 1%. At the same time 1% growth of watertight territories (included in urbanized landscapes) leads to an increase in runoff by 2–3%. The growth of urbanized areas led to a smaller increase in runoff (2–3 times) in the past (in comparison with current period) due to a less established system of diversion from urbanized landscapes. Calculations were made for Spree, Thames, Seine river basins in comparison Moscow River basin. Impact of capitals landscapes (Berlin, London, Paris, and Moscow) on river runoff was estimated initially, and then the influence of other urbanized areas located in river basins. As a result, the general influence of all urbanized territories was defined. According to results of conducted calculations, modern urbanized areas led to an increase of annual river runoff by more than 9% in Spree river basin, more than 20% of the Thames, over 11% of the Seine and 10% in the basin of Moscow River in comparison with changes during the period of norm calculation (from the end of 19th century till the beginning of the 1960s of the 20th century). According to the results of conducted calculations, modern total annual runoff increase is 2.2–4.5% for Europe and 0.2–0.3% for the Russian Federation in comparison with changes during the period of norm calculation, and in relation to the runoff from the most populated their parts is 3.5-6.9% and 1-2%, respectively. In addition, it can be expressed in km3 with following values: 44.9–89.8 (for foreign Europe) and 7.2–14.3 (for the Russian Federation). For the whole Europe (including European territory of Russia), the runoff increases by 50–100 km3 (or by 2–4%) per year. Actually, this is not so much in percentage terms, though in terms of volume – these values are close to annual runoff of such river as Neva.

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8

Pohle, I., H. Koch, and U. Grünewald. "Potential climate change impacts on the water balance of subcatchments of the River Spree, Germany." Advances in Geosciences 32 (December 11, 2012): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-32-49-2012.

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Abstract. Lusatia is considered one of the driest regions of Germany. The climatic water balance is negative even under current climate conditions. Due to global climate change, increased temperatures and a shift of precipitation from summer to winter are expected. Therefore, it is of major interest whether the excess water in winter can be stored and to which extent it is used up on increasing evapotranspiration. Thus, this study focuses on estimating potential climate change impacts on the water balance of two subcatchments of the River Spree using the Soil and Water Integrated Model (SWIM). Climate input was taken from 100 realisations each of two scenarios of the STatistical Analogue Resampling scheme STAR assuming a further temperature increase of 0 K (scenario A) and 2 K by the year 2055 (scenario B) respectively. Resulting from increased temperatures and a shift in precipitation from summer to winter actual evapotranspiration is supposed to increase in winter and early spring, but to decrease in later spring and early summer. This is less pronounced for scenario A than for scenario B. Consequently, also the decrease in discharge and groundwater recharge in late spring is lower for scenario A than for scenario B. The highest differences of runoff generation and groundwater recharge between the two scenarios but also the highest ranges within the scenarios occur in summer and early autumn. It is planned to estimate potential climate change for the catchments of Spree, Schwarze Elster and Lusatian Neisse.

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9

Köhler, J., and S. Bosse. "Growth and losses of phytoplankton studied with a new dialysis chamber technique along the river Spree." Fundamental and Applied Limnology 142, no. 1 (April 27, 1998): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/archiv-hydrobiol/142/1998/1.

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10

Brunke, Matthias, Andreas Hoffmann, and Martin Pusch. "Association between invertebrate assemblages and mesohabitats in a lowland river (Spree, Germany): A chance for predictions?" Fundamental and Applied Limnology 154, no. 2 (May 29, 2002): 239–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/archiv-hydrobiol/154/2002/239.

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11

Köhler, Jan. "A preliminary carbon budget of the plankton-dominated lowland river Spree (Germany)." SIL Proceedings, 1922-2010 27, no. 1 (April 2000): 615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03680770.1998.11901308.

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12

Jahn, Regine. "NAVICULA GEISSLERAESP. NOV.—A SMALL SPECIES FROM THE RIVER SPREE (BERLIN, GERMANY)." Diatom Research 7, no. 1 (May 1992): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0269249x.1992.9705197.

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13

K�hler, Jan. "Origin and succession of phytoplankton in a river-lake system (Spree, Germany)." Hydrobiologia 289, no. 1-3 (September 1994): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00007410.

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14

Rees, Gavin N., Gillian Beattie, Patricia M. Bowen, and Barry T. Hart. "Heterotrophic bacterial production in the lower Murray River, south-eastern Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 56, no. 6 (2005): 835. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf04232.

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Bacterial production is important in aquatic carbon cycles because it represents a key component whereby dissolved and particulate carbon can be recycled back into food webs. Despite its acknowledged importance, few studies have examined bacterial production in lowland rivers. Since studies have suggested bacterial production is closely related to some carbon pools, we anticipated this to be the case in the Murray River, but that the timing and type of carbon inputs in the Murray River may lead to bacterial dynamics that differ from studies from other sites. Bacterial abundance and production were measured at three contrasting sites of the lowland Murray River, south-eastern Australia, over an 18-month period. Bacterial abundance varied across the three sites on the Murray River and was correlated with chlorophyll a concentrations but not with temperature, nutrients, particulate organic carbon and dissolved organic carbon concentrations. Bacterial production also varied across the sites. Lowest production was at the site most immediately downstream of a large reservoir, with production generally ranging from 0.88 to 8.00 μg C L−1 h−1. Bacterial production in a reach within a large forest ranged from 4.00 to 17.38 μg C L−1 h−1. Production at the reach furthest downstream ranged from 1.04 to 23.50 μg C L−1 h−1. Bacterial production in the Murray River was generally greater than in the European River Spree, reaches of the Meuse and Rhine without immediate impacts from major urban centres and the Amazon River, but was similar to the concentration measured in the Mississippi and Hudson Rivers. Bacterial production was closely correlated with chlorophyll a concentration and total phosphorus, but not with temperature, dissolved organic carbon, particulate organic carbon or inorganic nitrogen. Despite the differences in production and respiration measured at different sites across the Murray River, bacterial growth efficiency was very similar at the three sites. Bacterial populations in the Murray River appear to be influenced by reach-specific conditions rather than broad-scale drivers such as temperature, carbon and nutrient concentrations.

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15

Kozerski, H. P. "Seston sedimentation in a lowland river (River Spree, Germany): their spatial and temporal variations and controlling factors." Hydrobiologia 494, no. 1-3 (March 2003): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1025477223638.

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16

Köhler, Jan, and Jörg Gelbrecht. "Interactions between phytoplankton dynamics and nutrient supply along the lowland river Spree, Germany." SIL Proceedings, 1922-2010 26, no. 3 (March 1998): 1045–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03680770.1995.11900880.

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17

KÖHLER, JAN. "Growth, production and losses of phytoplankton in the lowland River Spree: carbon balance." Freshwater Biology 34, no. 3 (December 1995): 501–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1995.tb00908.x.

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18

Baade, U., and F. Fredrich. "Movement and pattern of activity of the roach in the River Spree, Germany." Journal of Fish Biology 52, no. 6 (June 1998): 1165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1998.tb00963.x.

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19

Köhler, Jan, Brigitte Nixdorf, and Sigrid Hoeg. "Lake Müggelsee and the Inflowing River Spree; Comparison of Phytoplankton Communities 1980–1990." Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie 78, no. 3 (1993): 345–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/iroh.19930780305.

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20

Rother, Annette, and Jan Köhler. "Formation, Transport and Retention of Aggregates in a River-Lake System (Spree, Germany)." International Review of Hydrobiology 90, no. 3 (June 2005): 241–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/iroh.200410777.

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21

Pusch, Martin, and Andreas Hoffmann. "Conservation concept for a river ecosystem (River Spree, Germany) impacted by flow abstraction in a large post-mining area." Landscape and Urban Planning 51, no. 2-4 (October 2000): 165–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-2046(00)00107-9.

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22

Köhler, Jan. "Growth, production and losses of phytoplankton in the lowland River Spree. I. Population dynamics." Journal of Plankton Research 15, no. 3 (1993): 335–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plankt/15.3.335.

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23

Schöpke, Ralph, and Manja Walko. "Control of the Remediation of Anoxic AMD Groundwater by Sulphate Reduction in a Subsoil Reactor." Journal of Human, Earth, and Future 3, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 280–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/hef-2022-03-03-02.

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Groundwater containing high amounts of products of pyrite weathering as a consequence of lignite mining flows into receiving waters for a number of years. Iron hydroxides causing turbidity and silting will strongly affect the river Spree for many decades. In addition to liming acidic surface waters and the conventional treating of mine waters, microbial sulphate reduction of the inflowing anoxic AMD groundwater is tested for long-term remediation. During a pilot project at Lusatia / Germany, glycerin as a carbon source and nutrient solutions of N and P are infiltrated into an anoxic AMD groundwater stream by lances. Planning and operations were carried out based on the model as proposed below. Doi: 10.28991/HEF-2022-03-03-02 Full Text: PDF

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24

Koch, Hagen, Michael Kaltofen, Michael Schramm, and Uwe Grünewald. "Adaptation strategies to global change for water resources management in the Spree river Catchment, Germany." International Journal of River Basin Management 4, no. 4 (December 2006): 273–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15715124.2006.9635296.

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25

Schulz, Marcus, Hans-Peter Kozerski, Thomas Pluntke, and Karina Rinke. "The influence of macrophytes on sedimentation and nutrient retention in the lower River Spree (Germany)." Water Research 37, no. 3 (February 2003): 569–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0043-1354(02)00276-2.

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26

Zak, Dominik, Andreas Kleeberg, and Michael Hupfer. "Sulphate-mediated phosphorus mobilization in riverine sediments at increasing sulphate concentration, River Spree, NE Germany." Biogeochemistry 80, no. 2 (September 4, 2006): 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10533-006-0003-x.

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27

Werner, Petra, and Jan Köhler. "Seasonal Dynamics of Benthic and Planktonic Algae in a Nutrient-Rich Lowland River (Spree, Germany)." International Review of Hydrobiology 90, no. 1 (January 27, 2005): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/iroh.200410737.

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28

Zaid, Bahaeldeen, Paride Nardone, Michael Nones, Christoph Gerstgraser, and Katinka Koll. "Morphodynamic effects of stone and wooden groynes in a restored river reach." E3S Web of Conferences 40 (2018): 02038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184002038.

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Restoration works on an 11 km long reach of the Spree River near Cottbus in Germany were accomplished in 2014. The overall objective was to improve the biodiversity, changing the morphological structure from a straight single-thread river to a braiding one with reshaped thalweg, and creating zones with varying flow velocities required for fish spawning. Several interventions were made, among which also two types of groynes were constructed along the reach: impermeable stone groynes, with an inclined crest so that only the tip is typically submerged during normal flow conditions, and wooden groynes made of several large trunks, which are mainly submerged at normal flow conditions. To compare local morphodynamic effects caused by the different types, flow velocities and bed topography were measured at distances of 12 m upstream and 16 m downstream of two selected groynes. The vertical profile was captured by measuring at five levels above the bed. Bed material was sampled at several locations around the groynes. The analysis of the measurements showed the effect of each groyne type on the flow velocity, bed topography and bed material. Furthermore, the differences in the effects of each groyne type on the flow, bed topography and bed material were highlighted.

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29

Walz, Norbert, and Martin Welker. "Plankton development in a rapidly flushed lake in the River Spree system (Neuendorfer See, Northeast Germany)." Journal of Plankton Research 20, no. 11 (1998): 2071–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plankt/20.11.2071.

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30

Kleeberg, Andreas, Michael Hupfer, and Giselher Gust. "Phosphorus Entrainment Due to Resuspension in a Lowland River, Spree, NE Germany – A Laboratory Microcosm Study." Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 183, no. 1-4 (February 21, 2007): 129–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11270-007-9362-8.

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31

Köhler, Jan, and Brigitte Nixdorf. "Influences of the lowland river Spree on phytoplankton dynamics in the flow-through Lake Müggelsee (Germany)." Hydrobiologia 275-276, no. 1 (February 1994): 187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00026710.

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32

Ahmed, Sayed. "Conceptual Urban Renewal Outlines Against Proposed Mediaspree Project at Holzmarkt Area in Berlin: A Proposal to Remodel Vibrant Urban Space." Asian Journal of Interdisciplinary Research 4, no. 4 (December 30, 2021): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.54392/ajir2143.

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The German capital city of Berlin, amongst all European cities, is well known as one of the most freethinking center but yet historical. Its industrial historic structures and heritage elements over the spree river shore are reanalyzed and reexamined in this case study with emphasis on club culture and social recreation. The important issue is that, the structures and architectural style of these few surviving buildings have the common features and also diversities which were never brought under light and even ignored to let them became hub for unsocial activities like drug dealing and unhygienic adobes for homeless peoples. To discover and recognize their current contribution and possible social attribute over the whole city fabric, the main construct of this paper is to rethink Berlin’s so called public cohesion on the basis of recreational character and its associated urban order. The research question is: “What is the topmost role played by such built elements for formation of a distinct civic culture and keep Berlin alive?” To reveal the conceivable theoretical framework of this study will try to accentuate same facts and aspects followed by descriptive-analytical method and suggest independent and dependent variables, possible cooperative urban inventions based on the inhabitants’ interest, protest and demands against privatization of Media Spree. Documentation, field survey, associated drawings, related photographs from different time intervals and model studying was helpful for analyzing the urban morphology. The proposed design will try to indicate that the historic industrial buildings, pubs and markets, art practice and the overall landscape has tremendous bilateral relations for the wellbeing of city dwellers; which could be shaped well into a main ‘Axis’ of cultural activities, which Berlin is not posed with currently.

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33

Gabriel, O., D. Balla, T. Kalettka, and S. Maassen. "Sink or source? - The effect of hydrology on phosphorus release in the cultivated riverine wetland Spreewald (Germany)." Water Science and Technology 58, no. 9 (November 1, 2008): 1813–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.564.

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The cultivated riverine wetland region Spreewald faces detrimental changes in the hydrological conditions due to a significant discharge reduction. With its dense network of impounded waterways and a forced tendency of sedimentation of soluble reactive phosphorus adsorbed to large amounts of FeOH/FeOOH available from mining water and groundwater discharges the 320 km2 region is favoured to accumulate large amounts of total phosphorus (TR) and thus act as an effective phosphorus sink. The change of conditions strongly challenges this function hereafter. This is especially important because eutrophication of lakes downstream the Spreewald region is controlled by phosphorus. Phosphorus balances at a testfield situated in a polder area typical for the central Spreewald region point out that hydrological and consequently hydraulic conditions are the key factors for the phosphorus sink or source behaviour. This is true for the main processes determine P retention and release at the sediment-surface water transition zone as well as for the dominant phosphorus release and retention pathways: groundwater emissions and sedimentation. In the context of hydrological changes in the Spree river catchment results from point scale and river reach scale point out the need for an adapted water management in the Spreewald region to prevent risk of extended eutrophication tendencies downstream due to forced SRP emissions.

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34

Al-Mukhtar, Mustafa, Volkmar Dunger, and Broder Merkel. "Assessing the Impacts of Climate Change on Hydrology of the Upper Reach of the Spree River: Germany." Water Resources Management 28, no. 10 (May 25, 2014): 2731–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11269-014-0675-2.

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35

Hilt, Sabine, Ilka Schönfelder, Ania Rudnicka, Randi Carls, Nikolai Nikolaevich, Alexander Sukhodolov, and Christof Engelhardt. "Reconstruction of pristine morphology, flow, nutrient conditions and submerged vegetation of lowland river spree (Germany) from palaeomeanders." River Research and Applications 24, no. 3 (2008): 310–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.1023.

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36

Shafer, Yvonne. "Nazi Berlin and the Grosses Schauspielhaus." Theatre Survey 34, no. 1 (May 1993): 71–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040557400009777.

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The Grosses Schauspielhaus in Berlin was a theatrical showplace in several incarnations. The building itself was initially a great market situated near the Spree River in the center of Berlin. In the latter part of the nineteenth century it was converted to an enormous circus which drew crowds to see outstanding exhibitions of horsemanship and other circus acts. It also served as a great meeting hall for such events as Robert Koch's international congress dealing with tuberculosis in 1890. The large amphitheatre in the huge building was a symbol of the growing population of Berlin and its increasing prosperity. The history of the various uses to which the theatre was put in the twentieth century is an important reflection of the changes in German society in this period. During the time of the Third Reich it was an important element in culture and propaganda under the direction of Dr. Joseph Goebbels. This paper will analyze the unusual architecture of the theatre and the productions of several plays which were important during the Third Reich.

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37

Messner, Frank, Oliver Zwirner, and Matthias Karkuschke. "Participation in multi-criteria decision support for the resolution of a water allocation problem in the Spree River basin." Land Use Policy 23, no. 1 (January 2006): 63–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2004.08.008.

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38

Nützmann, Gunnar, Christian Levers, and Jörg Lewandowski. "Coupled groundwater flow and heat transport simulation for estimating transient aquifer-stream exchange at the lowland River Spree (Germany)." Hydrological Processes 28, no. 13 (July 17, 2013): 4078–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.9932.

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39

Driescher, E., and J. Gelbrecht. "Assessing the Diffuse Phosphorus Input from Subsurface to Surface Waters in the Catchment Area of the Lower River Spree (Germany)." Water Science and Technology 28, no. 3-5 (August 1, 1993): 337–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0436.

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The proportion of nonpoint phosphorus sources in the eutrophication process of surface waters is higher than generally assumed. In the surroundings of Berlin (glaciofluvial deposits and moraine areas) the phosphorus content of some subsurface waters reaches levels of several hundred µgP/l. As surface waters are mainly fed by groundwater in this area, nutrient contents in groundwater may become of great importance when other phosphorus sources are eliminated. Investigations in unpolluted areas are a prerequisite to decide whether higher phosphorus levels in groundwater are of natural origin or the result of contamination processes. The phosphorus background was shown to be very different and dependent on the depth below groundwater surface, content of iron, and redox conditions in the aquifer. Wastewater land treatment, bank filtration, agricultural land use, and degradation of lowland bogs were found to be sources of phosphorus contamination of aquifers. The results of observations are reported.

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40

Schwarzbauer, Jan, Mathias Ricking, Stephan Franke, and Wittko Francke. "Halogenated Organic Contaminants in Sediments of the Havel and Spree Rivers (Germany). Part 5†of Organic Compounds as Contaminants of the Elbe River and Its Tributaries." Environmental Science & Technology 35, no. 20 (October 2001): 4015–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es010084r.

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41

Gädeke, Anne, Herwig Hölzel, Hagen Koch, Ina Pohle, and Uwe Grünewald. "Analysis of uncertainties in the hydrological response of a model-based climate change impact assessment in a subcatchment of the Spree River, Germany." Hydrological Processes 28, no. 12 (July 11, 2013): 3978–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.9933.

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42

Lewandowski, Jörg, Gunnar Lischeid, and Gunnar Nützmann. "Drivers of water level fluctuations and hydrological exchange between groundwater and surface water at the lowland River Spree (Germany): field study and statistical analyses." Hydrological Processes 23, no. 15 (July 15, 2009): 2117–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7277.

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43

Ulrich, Christoph, Michael Hupfer, Robert Schwefel, Lutz Bannehr, and Angela Lausch. "Mapping Specific Constituents of an Ochre-Coloured Watercourse Based on In Situ and Airborne Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Data." Water 15, no. 8 (April 13, 2023): 1532. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15081532.

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It is a well-known fact that water bodies are crucial for human life, ecosystems and biodiversity. Therefore, they are subject to regulatory monitoring in terms of water quality. However, land-use intensification, such as open-cast mining activities, can have a direct impact on water quality. Unfortunately, in situ measurements of water quality parameters are spatially limited, costly and time-consuming, which is why we proposed a combination of hyperspectral data, in situ data and simple regression models in this study to estimate and thus monitor various water quality parameters. We focused on the variables of total iron, ferrous iron, ferric iron, sulphate and chlorophyll-a. Unlike other studies, we used a combination of airborne hyperspectral and RGB data to ensure a very high spatial resolution of the data. To investigate the potential of our approach, we conducted simultaneous in situ measurements and airborne hyperspectral/RGB aircraft campaigns at different sites of the Spree River in Germany to monitor the impact of pyrite weathering on water bodies after open-cast mining activities. Appropriate regression models were developed to estimate the five variables mentioned above. The model with the best performance for each variable gave a coefficient of determination R2 of 64% to 79%. This clearly shows the potential of airborne hyperspectral/RGB data for water quality monitoring. In further investigations, we focused on the use of machine learning techniques, as well as transferability to other water bodies. The approach presented here has great potential for the development of a monitoring method for the continuous monitoring of still waters and large watercourses, especially given the freely available space-based hyperspectral missions via EnMAP.

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TABENSKA, Oksana. "Development of tourism in Germany." Economics. Finances. Law, no. 2 (February 21, 2020): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2020.2.6.

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Introduction. The service sector is constantly and dynamically developing, creating jobs. With the important structural element of the international tourism services market, travelers are able to change previous perceptions of threats and challenges on our planet and to offer possible conditions for crisis management. The purpose of the paper is to explore the problems and prospects of tourism development in Germany, the tourist attractions in the German city of Cottbus. Scientific papers, materials of periodicals, Internet resources are the methodological and informational basis of the work. Results. Germany is a country where you always want to discover new pages – its history, character and traditions of residents, the incredible contrast of rural nature and the active life of big cities. Five new federal lands play an important role in tourism. For many regions in the east of Germany, after the reunification, tourism has become a chance to get back on its feet in economic terms. Landscapes such as Spreewald, traditional Dresden or Weimar culture cities, or Baltic resorts such as Binz on Rügen attract tourists from Germany and abroad. Cottbus is a city in eastern Germany, located on the Spree River and three railway lines 100 km from Berlin. It is considered the cultural and political center of the Sorbian population in Lower Lusatia. Attractions for tourists will be interesting Castle Branitz with the adjacent park, which is located in the south of the city. The residence was built on the special order of Prince Herman von Puckler-Muscaw, who was one of the few key figures of the country in the XIX century. At the Zoo of Cottbus – Tierpark Cottbus you can look at a variety of animals that live in all corners of the world - tigers, deer, penguins, camels, tapirs, pelicans. Conclusion. In the development of international and domestic tourism, a set of reasons that contribute to the development of domestic tourism in Germany. Famous tourist attractions in the German city of Cottbus were explored, namely: the historic building – Casper Gewerbehof, the Branitz Castle, a cinema, the Museum of Art, the Zoo – Tierpark Cottbus.

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Juschus, Olaf, Mirosław Błaszkiewicz, and Lars Böttner. "To the southern margin of the (last) northern glaciation – a field trip through the young moraine area south-east of Berlin." DEUQUA Special Publications 4 (September 15, 2022): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/deuquasp-4-19-2022.

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Abstract. The young moraine area to the south-east of Berlin was repeatedly overrun and covered by Scandinavian ice sheets (SISs). The last glaciation took place during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), when the last/most recent SIS reached its furthest southern extent. An incompletely formed chain of terminal moraines marks the Brandenburg ice stage. The most recent glacier had its greatest environmental impact due to the large quantities of released meltwaters. Many subglacial channels, massive proglacial sands and huge meltwater streamways (Urstromtäler) were formed at that time. During the Holocene, the landscape was finally shaped mainly by the rivers Dahme and Spree.

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Ricking, M., J. Schwarzbauer, and S. Franke. "Molecular markers of anthropogenic activity in sediments of the Havel and Spree Rivers (Germany)." Water Research 37, no. 11 (June 2003): 2607–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0043-1354(03)00078-2.

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Seo, Hyung-Yoon, Chul-Kyu Jin, and Chung-Gil Kang. "Design of a gate system and riser optimization for turbine housing and the experimentation and simulation of a sand casting process." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 10, no. 8 (August 2018): 168781401879504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814018795045.

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The optimum gating system for manufacturing turbine housing is designed in this study, and a heater as heat source is provided to the riser, attempting to reduce its size. In the case where the runner is divided into two branches, a symmetrical gating system is adopted so that the two products could be produced in one process. Furthermore, cross-sectional shapes of the sprue, runner, and gate are designed by setting the sprue:runner:gate ratio at 1:0.9:0.6. A casting analysis is then conducted to investigate the effects of shape of the riser, sleeve material, temperature of the heater, and provision of insulation material at the top of the riser. The conditions obtained from the analysis are applied to the experiment. Hot spot defects calculated by casting simulation are reduced when sand sleeve material, straight type riser, open top sleeve, and more than 600°C of heater temperature are used. It is possible to produce a casting with almost no surface defects by adopting a riser with a size of 10–20 mm and a heater of 600°C–700°C. A casting recovery rate of 80% is achieved and, regarding mechanical properties, its tensile strength is 534 MPa, its elongation rate is 9%, and its Brinell hardness is 170 HB.

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Bereș, Ioan, Andreea Elena Maftei, Harald G. Dill, Andrei Buzatu, and Gheorghe Damian. "Contamination Assessment of Toxic Elements in River Sediments from Baia Mare, Romania—Extreme Pollution from Mining Activities." Minerals 14, no. 2 (January 26, 2024): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min14020135.

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Sediment samples from the Săsar River and its main tributaries were analyzed for their potentially toxic elements at the site of the Romplumb metallurgical company and near the well-known Pb-Zn-Cu epithermal deposit of Baia Sprie located in the Neogene volcanic chain of the Eastern Carpathians, Romania. The average metal concentrations arranged in order of decreasing abundance are as follows (mg·kg−1): Mn (4098) > Zn (2093) > Pb (918) > Cu (489) > As (160) > Cr (37.51) > Ni (30.25) > Co (28.13) > Cd (9.72) > Hg (1.81). Several pollution indices were successfully used to assess the degree of contamination and ecological risk. The majority of sampling sites indicate high degrees of pollution, with two major hotspots identified. There are further sources, such as the Șuior (Pb-Zn-Au) and Săsar (Au-Ag) epithermal deposits, Cuprom company, and Bozânta tailing ponds, identified as contaminants. The Baia Mare mining district is causing a serious threat to the aquatic systems in the region, and it can be taken as a reference area for the human impact derived from the mining of mineral deposits of Au-Ag-Cu-Pb-Zn. It is imperative to reduce ecological risks and thereby protect the population living within this abandoned mining area.

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Sidharta, Bambang Wahyu, Nidia Lestari, Venditias Yudha, and Eko Wahyudi. "Optimasi Desain gating system dan riser pada Pengecoran Produk Blok Silinder Modifikasi untuk Motor Bensin 4 Langkah." Quantum Teknika : Jurnal Teknik Mesin Terapan 3, no. 2 (April 30, 2022): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/jqt.v3i2.14460.

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The growth of the automotive industry has made the market demand for motor vehicle spare parts soar, especially motorcycles, including the demand for cylinder blocks. Procedure of this research was carried out to analyze the product of 4 stroke motor cylinder block castings, which include; manufacture of casting product designs, manufacture of gating systems and riser systems. Results and Discussion based on the results of the shrinkage simulation test that has been carried out through the type of sand casting casting with the casting material, namely FCD-600-3 cast iron (1290oC) and the impression material used is silica sand (20oC) with a gravity casting type of casting, it can be concluded that the results of design testing 1 (one) obtained a filling velocity of 1.111 m/s, with a filling time of 3.8 seconds and a required solidification time of 6 minutes. In design 1 (one) there is a shrinkage defect due to shrinkage located on the sprue and riser of 0.336%. While the test results from design 2 (two) obtained a filling velocity of 1.09 m/s, with a filling time of 3.9 seconds and a required solidification time of 5 minutes. In design 2 (two) there is a shrinkage defect due to shrinkage located on the riser and in the cast product of 0.404%. The conclusion of the test results on both designs, it was found that design 1 (one) is the most optimal design for cylinder block casting planning.

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Putra, Andi Ari, Muhammad Syahid, and Andi Amijoyo Mochtar. "Calculation and Simulation of Aluminium Alloy Flange Reducer Cast Using Resin Sand Mold." EPI International Journal of Engineering 4, no. 2 (August 30, 2021): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.25042/epi-ije.082021.01.

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One of the causes of defects in casting is due to poor gating system design. In conventional casting methods, the gating system design process is carried out by trial and error to find the best design results. Computer modeling and simulation offer process design in a much faster time, and at much less cost, compared to conventional methods. The gating system design approach with a combination of well calibrated simulation software can avoid defect before casting. Casting simulation helps to visualize the phenomena of filling, molten metal solidification, and shrinkage porosity. The resulting casting simulation can be displayed in graph variants at specific nodes with line graphs or numerical numbers manually. This study discusses the simulation of casting a flange reducer from aluminum alloy material using a resin sand mold. The initial dimensions of the gating system used are sprue of 14.5 x 8.4 x 180 mm, runner 147 x 10 x 5.5 mm, ingate 80 x 10 x 5.5 mm with a bottom gate channel system. Total of dominant porosity that occurs using the initial gating system is 65.31 % and show the undirectional solidificiation behavior. After modifying the gating system and increasing the riser size, the simulation results show directional solidification behavior starting from the thinnest part to the thickest part and ending at the riser. The shrinkage porosity can compensate with the total of porosity is 57.60 % at the riser . Modification of the channel system is required to obtain a sound casting or porosity free.

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