Dissertations / Theses: 'Spread'

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Hrečka, Marek. "Obchodování futures spread." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-198251.

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The purpose of the thesis is to identify factors that affect the profitability and risk of trading futures calendar spreads. The basic characteristics of futures and trading calendar spreads with seasonal time frames are described in the first part of the thesis. The selected factors such as the correlation of short-term and long-term seasonal patterns, the trading in the extreme, the trading single or multiple crops, the width of the seasonal window, the win probability, the length of backtested period and intermarket vs. intramarket spreads are analyzed from the perspective of profitability and risk in the second part. A summary of the results is contained in the conclusion.

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Khaleghi, Farideh. "Spread spectrum fiber LANs." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/7600.

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In this thesis, a hybrid scheme is proposed for the purpose of suppressing the effect of external modulation and/or laser nonlinearities in Subcarrier Multiplexing (SCM) fiber optic communications systems. Hybrid CDMA/FDMA combines two schemes in such a way that the resulting hybrid network is robust against interference and is much more spectrally efficient than a CDMA system. Several possible architectures for the hybrid CDMA/FDMA subcarrier fiber optic Local Area Network (LAN) are introduced. These networks utilize CDMA and SCM, an asynchronous multiple access scheme with no waiting time. Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Multiple Access (DS/SSMA), the most common form of CDMA in which each user is assigned a particular code sequence which modulates the carrier along with digital data, is employed. It is shown that by using the code sequence sets for which the shift-and-add property holds, the Intermodulation Products (IMPs) and harmonics have a similar interference-like effect as the non-matching sequences. Owing to the fact that shift-and-add property holds for conventional spreading sequences, i.e., Gold, Kasami and maximal-length sequences, the suppression of nonlinearity distortion is evaluated. An average error probability performance evalution of the selected configuration for a transceiver pair is presented. In analysis of the system, we assume the interference term arising from other users is gaussian distributed. The results are compared to that obtained from exact evaluation of interference distribution using the Gauss Quadrature Rule integration (GQR) method. We compare the performance of this scheme for two different code sequence sets (N = 127 Gold and N = 255 Kasami codes) and determine that there is a significant advantage in deploying the N = 255 Kasami codes. We also present some preliminary experimental results on the proposed LAN implementation as well as the transmission performance. The results show great promise.

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Montgomery, Robert D. "Spread spectrum frequency management." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/26263.

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de, Rioja Victor Lopez, Joaquim Fort, and Neus Isern. "Spread of virus infections." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-198089.

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Tikkinen, N. (Nina). "Euribor basis swap spread." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2014. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201406241775.

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The aim of the study is to investigate the factors affecting Euribor basis swap spreads. Variables are divided into three component; liquidity risk, credit risk, and macroeconomic and monetary policy. The Euribor basis swap was close to zero basis points, but during the early phases of the latest financial crises the spreads jumped. In empirical part of the study, the stationarity of the variables is tested. In the next step, Phillips-Ouliaris (P-O) co-integration test is tested to get 5 combinations that co-integrates with Euribor basis swap spread 3 month versus 12 month with 5 years to maturity. Thirdly, long-run equilibrium for the Models with Engle-Granger test is applied. Out of the five Models, picked in P-O, only three had long-run equilibrium. From the three long-run equilibrium Models the regression residuals are saved and estimated short-term equilibrium with Error Correction Model. At the end, Ordinary Least Square method with Newey-West corrections with the three co-integrated Models is tested. The variables for liquidity risk component are Open Market Operations, Aggregate Liquidity Factors, Deposit Facility, and Governing Council Meeting day -dummy. The variables for the credit risk component are Eurobond yield and Bank Credit Default Swap spread. The variables for the macroeconomic and monetary policy component are Euro Overnight-Index Average and exchange rate. The results show that the biggest determinants for the Euribor basis swap spread 3m vs 12m 5y are Open Market Operations, Meeting day, Eurobond yield 5y, Bank CDS, EONIA, and exchange rate of China.

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6

Fiche, Marcelo Estrela. "Spread bancário no Brasil." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.26512/2015.10.T.19981.

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Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Departamento de Economia, Brasília, 2015.
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Os componentes que respondem pelo elevado spread bancário no Brasil tem sido alvo de diversas análises nos últimos anos. As mudanças ocorridas no sistema financeiro brasileiro e o aumento da participação dos bancos públicos na economia provocaram elevação na concentração bancária no país. A maior parte das analises realizadas, buscando explicações para a formação do spread brasileiro, foram a partir de variações ex-ante, como sugere o nome, a partir das expectativas das instituições financeiras no momento da concessão do crédito, isto é, antes do resultado efetivo. Neste trabalho, os determinantes do spread bancário ex-post foram medidos pela margem financeira real dos principais bancos responsáveis pela intermediação financeira na economia brasileira, selecionando todas as instituições atuantes no Brasil com carteira comercial ativas no período analisado, 2000 a 2013 trimestralmente, chegando a um total de 149 instituições.
The components that are responsible for high banking spread in Brazil has been the subject of numerous analyses in recent years. The changes in the Brazilian financial system and increased participation of public banks in the economy caused increase in Bank concentration in the country. Most of the analyses carried out, seeking explanations for the formation of the Brazilian spread, were from ex-ante variations, as the name suggests, from the expectations of the financial institutions at the time of the granting of credit, that is, before the actual result. The determinants of banking spread were measured by the ex-post financial margin of leading banks responsible for financial intermediation in the Brazilian economy, selecting all the institutions operating in Brazil with active trading portfolio in the analysis period, 2000 to 2013 on a quarterly basis, reaching a total of 149 institutions.

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de, Rioja Victor Lopez, Joaquim Fort, and Neus Isern. "Spread of virus infections." Diffusion fundamentals 24 (2015) 11, S. 1, 2015. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A14525.

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Safonov, Dmitrij. "Besivystančių europos šalių skolos vertybinių popierių pajamingumų pokyčių analizė bei prognozavimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20100622_150500-94666.

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Darbe atlikta detali aktualių straipsnių, nagrinėjančių įvairių veiksnių įtaka skolos vertybinių popierių pajamingumui, apžvalga. Išskirti keli pagrindiniai pajamingumo pokyčius lemiantys veiksniai: likvidumas, kredito rizika bei bendra makroekonominė padėtis. Siekiant įvertinti nagrinėjamų veiksnių įtaką skolos vertybinių popierių pajamingumo pokyčiams, sukurti vektorinės autoregresijos modeliai skolos vertybinių popierių portfeliams, apibendrinantiems skirtingas skolos vertybinių popierių klases. Palyginus modeliavimo rezultatus, pateikiamos baigiamojo darbo išvados. Darbą sudaro 18 dalių: įvadas, tikslas, uždaviniai, aktualumas, literatūros apžvalga, pagrindiniai skolos vertybinių popierių rinką charakterizuojantys rodikliai, statistiniai metodai, modelio aprašymas, kintamujų aprašymas bei transformacijos, statistinė analizė, trendo išskyrimas, stacionarumo patikrinimas, modeliavimas, modelių palyginimas bei scenarijų analizė, išvados, literatūros sąrašas.
A brief survey of relevant researches on different factors’ impact on bonds’ yields is provided in master thesis. Several main factors were identified: liquidity, credit risk and macroeconomic environment. In order to measure the impact of distinguished factors on the yields’ changes vector autoregressive models for fixed income securities portfolios, generalizing different asset classes, were created. The modeling results are described and analyzed, conclusions are made Structure: introduction, goal, task, relevance, literature overview, the main indicators of sixed income securities market, statistical methods, models’ describtion, variables’ description and transformations, statistical analysis, elimination of the trend, stacionarity check, modeling, models’ comparison and scenario analysis, conclusions, references.

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Raghuram, Avinash. "Experimental Analysis of Post-Impact Drop Spread Behavior and Prediction of Maximum Spread Factor." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1377868179.

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10

Knudsen, Kenneth W. "Empirisk undersøgelse af bid-ask-spreadet = Empirical study of the bid-ask spread /." Aarhus : Institut for Økonomi, Aarhus Universitet, 2009. http://mit.econ.au.dk/Library/Specialer/2009/20041126.pdf.

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11

Lane, William D. "Spread spectrum multi-h modulation." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16944.

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El-Helw, Amr M. "Pattern classification using spread spectrum." Thesis, Staffordshire University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.479162.

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13

Bong, Felix Nyuk Poh. "Fire Spread on Exterior Walls." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Civil Engineering, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8252.

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This report describes methods of predicting heat flux exposure to external walls due to the impingement of flame issuing through a window opening. A heat transfer model was set up for the purpose of predicting the geometry of the emerging flame and the resultant heat flux exposure to the wall surface. An existing flame spread model implemented in the BRANZFIRE model was selected for characterising the flame spread on exterior wall cladding materials, as a function of the heat flux exposure (from the projecting flame to the wall) and the material flammability properties of the wall material. Modifications were made to the flame spread model. The result was a prediction of rate and extent of the upward flame spread as a function of time and the heat release rate of the burning cladding material. It is concluded that the flame spread model has the potential to determine the flame spread characteristics associated with four different cladding materials. The flame spread model gave conservative prediction for three of the tested cladding materials. Overall, the heat transfer model seems to predict the total heat flux density received by the exposing wall with reasonable accuracy. Further validation of the heat transfer model is needed before it can be successfully integrated into the flame spread model to provide a useful tool for characterising flame spread and estimating the heat flux exposure conditions.

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Mognato, Thomas <1992&gt. "Spread BTP - BUND Analisi Storica." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/11467.

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L'elaborato punta a fare un'analisi dello spread BTP - BUND. Dopo una prima fase in cui si riprendono i concetti base dei titoli di stato e se ne illustrano i rischi collegati (ponendo particolare attenzione al rischio di insolvenza), si analizzerà l'andamento, dal punto di vista del rendimento, dei due diversi titoli di stato. In ultima, si analizzerà l'andamento dello spread andando ad indagare la causa di eventuali picchi.

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15

Jia, Fuchen. "The simulation of fire growth and spread within enclosures using an integrated CFD fire spread model." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 1999. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/6200/.

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The main objective of this thesis is to develop relatively simple but reasonable engineering models within a CFD software framework to simulate fire in a compartment and fire growth and propagation in enclosures in which solid combustibles are involved through wall or ceiling linings. Gas phase combustion, radiation and solid fuel combustion are addressed in this study. At the heart of this study is the integration of the three sub-models representing the key elements mentioned above in compartment fire development and other auxiliary calculations such as the evaluation of the radiative properties of gas-soot mixture, temperature calculation for non-burning solid surfaces, etc. into a complete fire spread model. Shortcomings in the conventional six-flux radiation model are highlighted. These were demonstrated through a simple artificial test case and corrected in the modified six-flux model. The computational cost and accuracy of the six-flux model and the discrete transfer method (DTM) using different number of rays are also investigated. A simple empirical soot model is developed based on experimental observations that soot formation occurs in the fuel rich side of the chemical reaction region and the highest soot concentration is found in the same region. The soot model is important to evaluate the radiative properties of the gas-soot mixture in fires. By incorporating the gas-phase combustion model, the radiation models and the soot model, substantial improvement in the predicted upper layer temperature profiles is achieved in the simulations of one of the Steckler's room fire test. It is found that radiation plays an important, perhaps dominant role in creating the nearly uniform temperature distribution in the upper layer. The integral method to calculate temperatures of non-combustible solids is extended to be capable of dealing with the non-linearity of the reradiation at the solid surface(top surface) exposed to a fire and the convective heat loss at the opposite surface. The integral method is economic and simple for the calculation of temperatures of non-combustible solids. Pyrolysis models for nonchaning and charring solid combustibles are developed. The mass loss rates produced by the noncharring model for PMMA are in excellent agreement with experimental data. The charring model produced predictions for the mass loss rates and temperature distribution of a wood sample in very close agreement to that measured. Finally, qualitative and quantitative verifications for the integrated fire spread model are carried out. The model is demonstrated to be capable of both qualitatively and quantitatively predicting fire, fire growth and development within compartment fire scenarios.

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16

Bassi, Tobias. "Credit Spread Änderungen bei Rating Downgrades." St. Gallen, 2006. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/01648450002/$FILE/01648450002.pdf.

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17

Vernon, Matthew Christopher. "Spatial spread of farm animal diseases." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/240490.

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Data on cattle movements within the United Kingdom have recently become available. As part of the conditions for lifting an export ban on British beef following the bovine spongiform encephalopathy epidemic, the European Union required that the UK should have 'An effective animal identification and movement recording system'. The Cattle Tracing System (CTS) was introduced in September 1998, and the scheme was extended to include all cattle by the beginning of 2001. Contact networks have proved valuable in studying the epidemiology of diseases in man, such as human immunodeficiency virus; the availability of CTS cattle movement data has enabled contact network analysis to be applied to diseases of farm livestock. The CTS data may be represented as a large network; cattle holdings are represented as nodes, with a movement of cattle between holdings being an edge. To address concerns about the quality of this cattle movement data, a field study was conducted on Lewis, one of the Western Isles of Scotland. Farmers were recruited with the assistance of the local veterinary surgeon, and asked to record a range of potential risk behaviours relating to the transmission of infectious diseases (moving livestock, sharing pasture, etc.) for a one-month period. For the study area in question, movements of cattle not reported to CTS (especially to or from common grazing land) were a substantial contribution to the contact network during the study period. A wide range of measures of network structure exist, but their relevance to the dynamics of infectious diseases on networks is unclear. To address this, a discrete-time stochastic SIR simulation model of disease on a network was designed and implemented in software. Using this simulation model, a network model with the key structural features of the CTS contact network was constructed, by considering a range of measures of network structure, and testing resulting model networks against CTS-derived networks. The resulting model was shown to predict the dynamics of a simulated disease model on that contact network more closely than existing models of global network structure. Much work on the contact structure of the UK cattle herd has relied on relatively simple static network representations of movement data. By using simulated diseases, the serious shortcomings of static network representations compared to more complex dynamic network representations were demonstrated. A substantial library of software for the generation and analysis of large networks, and the simulation of disease thereupon, has been produced, and has been made generallyavailable. The design and implementation of this software is discussed, including the algorithms and data structures deployed, as well as validation of the software, and its portability to different computing platforms.

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Sui, Haichang. "Interference suppression in spread-spectrum networks." Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2007. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3258023.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2007.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed May 25, 2007). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 154-171).

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Bury, Andreas. "Efficient multi-carrier spread spectrum transmission /." Düsseldorf : VDI-Verl, 2001. http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/339637714.pdf.

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Nguyen, Chien Ngoc. "Simulation of spread spectrum communication systems." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16438.

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Kchao, Camroeum. "Direct sequence spread spectrum cellular radio." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/13719.

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Churcher, Thomas Simon. "Modelling the spread of anthelmintic resistance." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.436215.

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Janarthanan, Sivarjalingam. "Spatial spread in general branching processes." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265577.

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Goswami, C. S. "Synchronisation techniques in spread spectrum communications." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234200.

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Murphy, P. "The pattern of bloodborne tumour spread." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379296.

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SOARES, EDSON JOSE. "ENERGY SPREAD IN VIBRATION ISOLATION SYSTEMS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 1999. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=26507@1.

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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
Muitas indústrias usam em seus processos materiais viscoplásticos. Esses materiais possuem propriedades que dependem fortemente da temperatura. Não é incomum encontrar processos envolvendo escoamentos não isotérmicos de materiais viscoplásticos. Nesses casos, informações sobre a transferência de calor são extremamente necessárias para um bom atendimento e aperfeiçoamento das operações. Fluidos de perfuração são tipicamente suspensões aquosas, e, por consequência, de natureza viscoplástica.Tais fluidos devem possuir densidade correta para manter a integridade física dos poços e evitar a produção prematura de hidrocarbonetos. Além disso, suas propriedades reológicas devem garantir a capacidade de arraste das partículas de rocha geradas durante o processo de perfuração, com um mínimo de potência de bombeamento. Tais particularidades requerem fluidos com baixas viscosidades a altas taxas de cisalhamento, que ocorrem em regiões próximas à parede, e altas viscosidades quando as taxas de deformação são baixas, o que ocorre na vizinhança do cascalho. Materiais viscoplásticos apresentam este tipo de comportamento. Portanto, o sucesso do processo de extração do petróleo depende do conhecimento e controle das propriedades reológicas dos fluidos de perfuração, as quais são fortemente dependentes da temperatura. Por esse motivo, a determinação do campo de temperatura no fluido de perfuração em escoamento faz-se necessária ainda em nível de projeto, o que só é possível com o conhecimento dos coeficientes de troca de calor. Estuda-se neste trabalho o problema da transferência de calor na região de entrada de escoamentos laminares de fluidos viscoplásticos através de espaços anulares. O comportamento do material é representado pelo modelo do fluido Newtoniano generalizado, com a função viscosidade descrita pela equação de Herschel-Bulkley. As equações de conservação são resolvidas numericamente via o método de volumes finitos. Investigam-se os efeitos (no coeficiente de troca de calor) da tensão limite de escoamento, índice power-law, razão de aspecto e dos números adimensionais de Reynolds e Peclet. Dentre outras conclusões, mostra-se que o números de Nusselt é uma função muito fraca das propriedades reológicas, desviando-se muito pouco dos valores Newtonianos. Surpreendentemente, esta conclusão contrasta-se fortemente com o comportamento observando em escoamentos de materiais viscoplásticos através de tubos. Convém enfatizar a importância desse fato no que tange a projetos de processos.
There are many industries that use in their processes viscoplastic materials. These materials have properties that strongly depend on temperature. It is not uncommon to find processes involving the non-isothermal flow of viscoplastic materials. For these cases, heat transfer information is needed to allow reliable process designs. Drilling muds are typically aqueous suspensions and, consequently, viscoplastic in nature. They must have the correct density to provide the pressure needed for well integrity, and for avoiding premature production of hydrocarbons. Their rheological properties must be such as to aloe carrying the drill chips with a minimum of pumping power. This requires a highly shear-thinning rheological behavior. Also, the success of a well cementing operation depends to a great extent on the knowledge and control of cement rheological properties, which are also temperature dependent. In this work, heat transfer in the entrance-region flow of viscoplastic materials through annular spaces is analyzed. The flow is laminar, and the material is assumed to behave as a Generalized Newtonian fluid, with a Herschel-Bulkley viscosity function. The conservation equations are solved numerically via a finite volume method. The effect on heat transfer of yield stress, power-law exponent, aspect ratio and dimensionless Peclet and Reynolds numbers is investigated. Among other findings, it is shown that the Nusselt number is a rather weak function of the rheological properties, deviating very little from the Newtonian values. Surprisingly, this stands in strong contrast to the behavior observed for flows of viscoplastic materials through tubes. It is worth noting that this finding has important consequences in process design.

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Lopes, Jerônimo Volmir Lopes. "Determinantes do spread bancário no Brasil." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2014. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/4071.

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O spread é a diferença que os bancos cobram dos tomadores de empréstimos e pagam aos poupadores. Este tema é de suma importância para a economia do país, pois através dos empréstimos realizado pelas instituições bancárias são efetuados os investimentos necessários para o crescimento econômico. Desde 1999 o Banco Central do Brasil divulga os principais componentes do spread, que é um dos componentes da taxa de juros cobrada dos tomadores de empréstimos, que cobre as despesas das instituições financeiras, remunera os poupadores e os bancos. O assunto em questão apresenta-se em diversos estudos, porém sem um consenso entre os seus autores, sendo a taxa de juros de remuneração dos títulos do governo (Selic), juntamente com a taxa de inadimplência, as maiores influências no spread cobrado pelos bancos brasileiros. Mesmo com a queda dos juros no mercado interno no período recente e internacionalmente após a crise de 2008 as taxas cobradas pelas instituições financeiras continuam em um nível elevado, porém com modificações na composição do spread.
The spread is the difference that banks charge from borrowers and savers to pay. This topic is of paramount importance for the country's economy, as through loans made by banks are made the necessary investment to economic growth. Since 1999 the Central Bank of Brazil presents the main components of the spread, which is one of the components of the interest rate charged to borrowers, which covers the costs of financial institutions, pays savers and banks. The subject matter is presented in several studies, but without a consensus among the authors, with the interest rate of return on government bonds (Selic), along with the default rate, the major influences on the spread charged by banks Brazilians. Even with the decline in interest rates domestically and internationally in recent years after the crisis of 2008 the rates charged by financial institutions remain at a high level, but with changes in the composition of the spread.

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Richter, Robert, Michael Leitner, and Gero Vogl. "Ragweed: diffusional spread and pollen load." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-198548.

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29

Tsai, Kuang-Chung. "Upward flame spread on vertical surfaces." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/14586.

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Previous studies have demonstrated upward flame spread on vertical surfaces to be one of the most serious fire scenarios due to the concurrent direction of flame propagation and air flow. The unburned zone of the wall ahead of the pyrolysis zone consequently receives more heat from the flame, causing the temperature of the unburned wall to rise quickly and the flame to spread more rapidly. In order to prevent the occurrence of hazardous wall fires, there is a need to select materials which satisfy performance-based regulations. This approach needs information from reliable fire models which simulate accurately the fire behaviour of materials in their end-use configuration. However, none of the existing models are used in this way. This is because of the limitations of the models themselves, in particular the assumptions involved and uncertainties in the empirical correlations used in the models. This study focuses on the early stages of the upward flame spread. An existing model which uses data directly from the Cone Calorimeter test was examined. A non-standard test procedure was developed which gives results capable of giving better predictions from the model. The flame height and heat feedback to the unburned wall were also examined and more information obtained. The flame height was measured from steady burning vertical fuels and from a gas-fuelled panel to examine the commonly accepted relation that the flame height is proportional to the 2/3 rds power of the heat release rate per unit width of the wall fire Q’. In the former experiment, the flame height and Q’ were measured directly in the same experiments, providing data for the early stages of fire spread. In addition, the effect of different geometric configurations was examined. The latter experiment revealed a width effect, questioning the validity of Q’ being the only parameter determining the flame height. Experiments were also carried out to measure the heat transfer to the unburnt material above the pyrolysing zone. A lower value was found to be more representative than the ones used previously. With these modifications, the model was found to give good agreement with experimental measurements of vertical spread on sheets of PMMA. Two additional cases were studied: wall fires influenced by an inert parallel wall and by the proximity of a corner. The measurement of flame height and heat feedback provides data for further investigation and modelling work.

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Ross, David. "Data mining for exotic pathogen spread." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2016. http://digitool.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=27557.

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Major disease outbreaks command worldwide attention. Many recent outbreaks were caused by pathogens that were considered 'exotic' with severe implications from a health or economic standpoint. As such, there is need for an in depth examination of these threats and the means by which they might be introduced to effectively manage future risk. This thesis examines a means of identifying key emerging threats and, once identified, then modelling techniques are used to estimate the risk of introduction. To determine the relevant exotic pathogens, data from a survey of experts were examined. In 2010 the 4th Annual Meeting of the EPIZONE network was held at which work was carried out to elicit the opinions of delegates on current and future epidemic threats to the EU. Data from this study were examined using both univariate and multivariate analytical techniques to fully explore and understand what might become an emerging threat. This found that a particular group of zoonotic arboviruses are viewed as important potential emerging threats for Europe. Increasingly realistic and complex modelling approaches were utilised to give an increasingly accurate estimate of the risk of introduction of one of these viruses, Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHFV),by means of migratory birds - a potentially key means of introduction. Evaluating this risk must take into account not just disease related factors but also geographic factors especially the migration distance. To model this risk, spatially explicit models that correctly re ect bird migratory behaviour were used in contrast to models published previously. The approaches in this thesis show that for CCHFV there is a de nite risk of introduction but it is smaller than has been estimated previously. Results also show that the bird species that should be focused on are not those intuitively identi ed. The migratory speed of birds is a key factor in identifying the species that represent the greatest risk of introducing CCHFV positive ticks into Europe.

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Richter, Robert, Michael Leitner, and Gero Vogl. "Ragweed: diffusional spread and pollen load." Diffusion fundamentals 24 (2015) 42, S. 1, 2015. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A14560.

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Sinha, Saurabh. "A multi-dimensional spread spectrum transceiver." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10212008-143532/.

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Liu, Feng. "Compressive Measurement of Spread Spectrum Signals." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/347310.

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Spread Spectrum (SS) techniques are methods used in communication systems where the spectra of the signal is spread over a much wider bandwidth. The large bandwidth of the resulting signals make SS signals difficult to intercept using conventional methods based on Nyquist sampling. Recently, a novel concept called compressive sensing has emerged. Compressive sensing theory suggests that a signal can be reconstructed from much fewer measurements than suggested by the Shannon Nyquist theorem, provided that the signal can be sparsely represented in a dictionary. In this work, motivated by this concept, we study compressive approaches to detect and decode SS signals. We propose compressive detection and decoding systems based both on random measurements (which have been the main focus of the CS literature) as well as designed measurement kernels that exploit prior knowledge of the SS signal. Compressive sensing methods for both Frequency-Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) and Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) systems are proposed.

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Hu, Yu. "American Spread Option Models and Valuation." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3598.

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Spread options are derivative securities, which are written on the difference between the values of two underlying market variables. They are very important tools to hedge the correlation risk. American style spread options allow the holder to exercise the option at any time up to and including maturity. Although they are widely used to hedge and speculate in financial market, the valuation of the American spread option is very challenging. Because even under the classic assumptions that the underlying assets follow the log-normal distribution, the resulting spread doesn't have a distribution with a simple closed formula. In this dissertation, we investigate the American spread option pricing problem. Several approaches for the geometric Brownian motion model and the stochastic volatility model are developed. We also implement the above models and the numerical results are compared among different approaches.

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RIGHI, GIORGIA. "Chaos based spread spectrum communication systems." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/242450.

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Vieira, Bruna Landim Mendes. "A relação entre os spreads dos CDS e os spreads das Yields das Obrigações do Tesouro : os casos de Portugal, Grécia e Espanha." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/10153.

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Mestrado em Finanças
Tanto o mercado de Credit Default Swap, quanto o de Obrigações negoceiam o risco de crédito da entidade de referência. Assim, de acordo com a lei do preço único, não deveriam ocorrer grandes diferenças entre os spreads dos CDS e das Yields das Obrigações para o mesmo prazo. Ou seja, não deve existir oportunidades de arbitragem ao negociar os dois instrumentos. Este estudo tem como objectivo evidenciar o comportamento dos Spreads dos CDS e das Yields das Obrigações para três entidades soberanas da Zona Euro (Portugal, Grécia e Espanha), no período entre 1 de Janeiro de 2007 a 23 de Fevereiro de 2011. Este período é marcado por dois grandes acontecimentos: A crise financeira internacional e a crise de dívida soberana na Europa. Para alcançarmos o objectivo proposto, a análise foi feita em três períodos, de 1 de Janeiro de 2007 até 23 de Fevereiro de 2011 (período I), de 1 de Janeiro de 2007 a 31 de Dezembro de 2009 (período II), e por último, tem inicio em 1 de Dezembro de 2010 e termina em 23 de Fevereiro de 2011, que corresponde ao período III. Através do teste de cointegração de Johansen, os resultados indicam que em nenhum dos períodos existe uma relação de equilíbrio de longo prazo entre os Spreads dos CDS e das Yields para os três países, sugerindo que pode existir oportunidades de arbitragem.
Both the Credit Default Swap market, as Bond negotiates the credit risk of the reference entity. Thus, according to the law of one price, there should be no major differences between CDS spreads and bond yields for the same term. That is, there should be no arbitrage opportunities to negotiate the two instruments. This study aims to clarify the behavior of CDS spreads and bond yields to three sovereigns in the eurozone, in the period between 1 January 2007 to February 23, 2011. This period is marked by two major events: The international financial crisis and sovereign debt crisis in Europe. To achieve this objective, the analysis was done in three periods from January 1, 2007 until February 23, 2011 (period I), 1 January 2007 to December 31, 2009 (period II), and finally, begins in December 1, 2010 and ends on February 23, 2011, which corresponds to the period III. Through the Johansen cointegration test, the results indicate that none of the periods there is a relationship of long-term equilibrium between CDS Spreads and Yields for the three countries, suggesting that there may be arbitrage opportunities.

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Fato, Andrea. "Modulazione “Spread Spectrum” per comunicazioni ad ultrasuoni." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/22435/.

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Da sempre, sono tanti i campi dell’ingegneria che si occupano di trovare soluzioni per automatizzare il monitoraggio di strutture quali ponti, edifici, monumenti. Si parla di Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) in riferimento ad un insieme di metodi atti a monitorare lo stato di salute di una struttura ingegneristica in modo automatico. Fra le varie tecniche applicabili in ambito SHM una delle più promettenti è quella basata sulle onde ultrasoniche guidate (onde di Lamb). Questo tipo di diagnostica permette infatti di raccogliere dati sfruttando i meccanismi di propagazione delle onde meccaniche del mezzo. I nodi sensori impiegati nelle analisi SHM comunicano fra di loro sfruttando un mezzo di propagazione condiviso. Tale cosa porta a delle interferenze legate all'accesso multiplo al canale (MAI). Pertanto, lo scopo del progetto consiste nel realizzare tecniche basate sulla divisione di codice per l'accesso multiplo al canale (CDMA) di tipo Spread Spectrum (SS) per garantire una migliore comunicazione per mezzo delle onde di Lamb fra i dispositivi impiegati nel monitoraggio. Per la generazione dei codici utilizzati nella codifica CDMA sono stati implementati degli appositi algoritmi. Essi producono un numero di sequenze utilizzabili per identificare in maniera univoca i trasmettitori nella rete. Inoltre, ogni algoritmo genera dei codici con delle specifiche proprietà di cross-correlazione, pertanto è stato realizzato il codice MATLAB per analizzare i risultati ottenuti dai vari algoritmi di codifica considerati. Sono stati fatti, dunque, dei test per mezzo di un simulatore che sfrutta un algoritmo di raytracing appositamente sviluppato per simulare la propagazione sul mezzo. Infine, è stato scelto l'algoritmo di Kasami ed è stato realizzato il codice in C per l'implementazione su un microcontrollore della famiglia STM32. A tale scopo il codice è stato realizzato in maniera ottimizzata per essere compatibile con le limitate risorse a bordo del sistema embedded.

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Bess, Philip K. "Spread spectrum applications in unmanned aerial vehicles." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1994. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA281035.

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39

Eriksson, Magnus. "Prediction of grout spread and sealing effect." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Civil and Architectural Engineering, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3340.

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Lu, Bing. "Optimal Liquidation of a Mispriced Option Spread." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Mathematics, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-119968.

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Giesecke, Thomas. "The Holocene Spread of Spruce in Scandinavia." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Earth Sciences, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-4623.

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The Holocene spread of Picea abies in Scandinavia provides an excellent opportunity for detailed study of the dynamics of tree spread and population expansion. Early- and mid-Holocene macrofossil evidence for the presence of Picea abies in Scandinavia has questioned traditional interpretations of the timing and direction of its spread. This study aims to determine the pattern of the spread of Picea abies in Scandinavia from pollen and other data, to evaluate the significance of possible early outpost populations and to deduce possible factors that influenced the spread and population expansion of Picea abies in Scandinavia.

Palaeoecological investigations were carried out on the sediments of four small lakes in central Sweden to gain detailed insight into the dynamics of the spread. Holocene pollen diagrams with independent dating control were collected from Fennoscandia and adjacent areas to compare the timing of selected features of the Picea abies pollen curve. Computer models were used to test possible scenarios for the spread and Picea abies population expansion.

Picea abies entered the Scandinavian peninsula from the east at different times and by different pathways. Early-Holocene outposts can be discerned in pollen records from northwest Russia, eastern and northeastern Finland for the time before 9000 cal. BP. Pollen records from Sweden and Norway indicate small Picea abies populations after 8000 cal. BP. The mid to late-Holocene spread, which superficially resembles a front-like pattern, may in fact represent a wave of expanding populations. Disturbance through fire and human activity did not significantly influence the pattern of the spread. Changing climate parameters, slow adaptation and gene flow through seeds and pollen have to be considered as possible explanations for the late spread of the tree. Population dynamics and propagule pressure are likely to be important factors that shaped the spread of Picea abies.

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Kim, Hasung. "Turbo-Like Coding for Spread-Spectrum Communications." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/4815.

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This thesis studies advanced error control schemes using turbo-like codes, turbo-like coded modulations, turbo hybrid-ARQ (Automatic Repeat reQuest) schemes, and rate compatible puncturing techniques for reliable and adaptive commercial and tactical spread-spectrum communications, especially for code-division multiple access (CDMA) cellular systems and direct-sequence (DS) and frequency-hopping (FH) anti-jam systems. Furthermore, we utilize both the maximum-likelihood (ML) bounding techniques and convergence analysis to design and analyze various turbo-like coding schemes that show different behaviors in error performance from conventional trellis coding schemes. In the area of DS-CPM, we propose a DS concatenated coded CPM system for pulse-noise jamming channels and an anti-jam iterative receiver utilizing jammer state information. We also design a mixed concatenated CPM system that mixes CPM schemes with different convergence characteristics. In addition, we present the ML bound and convergence analysis for the jamming channel. In the area of FH-CPM, we propose anti-jam serially concatenated slow FH-CPM systems, whose phase is continuous during each hop interval, along with coherent and non-coherent iterative receivers. We also propose an iterative jamming estimation technique for the iterative receiver. In the area of multi-h CPM, we propose a power- and bandwidth-efficient serially concatenated multi-h CPM along with an appropriate iterative receiver structure. Serially concatenated multi-h CPM is shown to outperform single-h CPM. To design adaptive and versatile error control schemes using turbo-like codes for packet-data networks, we propose turbo hybrid-ARQ (HARQ) and rate compatible puncturing techniques for retransmission. In the area of turbo hybrid-ARQ, we propose a Type-I turbo HARQ scheme using a concatenated RS-turbo code and a packet combining technique for W-CDMA system to improve the performance of error and decoding latency. The W-CDMA system including the fast power control and coherent Rake receiver with a channel estimation technique for multipath fading channels is considered. Finally, in the area of rate compatible punctured turbo-like codes, we propose rate compatible punctured turbo (RCPT) codes and rate compatible punctured serially concatenated convolutional (RCPS) codes along with their puncturing methods. In addition, we propose Type-II RCPT-HARQ and RCPS-HARQ schemes to perform an efficient incremental redundancy retransmission.

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reddy, patlolla pradeep, and pasam raghava reddy. "Modeling The Spread Malware In Computer Networks." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-3373.

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Our research is an exploratory study on how various parameters in the attack, ranging from that of the worm (replication rate), to those of the network (number of nodes, % fire-walled computers) as well as user behaviour (frequency of checking mail) impact the spread of malware. Through the development of a simulator we have created various experiments and have studied the impact of all possible parameters

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Eriksson, Robin. "Bayesian Parameterization in the spread of Diseases." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för beräkningsvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-326607.

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Mathematical and computational epidemiological models are important tools in efforts to combat the spread of infectious diseases. The models can be used to predict further progression of an epidemic and for assessing potential countermeasures to control disease spread. In the proposal of models (when data is available), one needs parameter estimation methods. In this thesis, likelihood-less Bayesian inference methods are concerned. The data and the model originate from the spread of a verotoxigenic Escherichia coli in the Swedish cattle population. In using the SISE3 model, which is an extension of the susceptible-infected-susceptible model with added environmental pressure and three age categories, two different methods were employed to give an estimated posterior: Approximate Bayesian Computations and Synthetic Likelihood Markov chain Monte Carlo. The mean values of the resulting posteriors were close to the previously performed point estimates, which gives the conclusion that Bayesian inference on a nation scaled SIS-like network is conceivable.

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George, Mercy. "Spread spectrum watermarking for images and video." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0006/MQ46574.pdf.

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Schlagenhaufer, Ramon. "Equalizer structures for spread spectrum multiuser systems." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq64839.pdf.

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Rogers, Derek. "Non-binary spread-spectrum multiple-access communications /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1995. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phr725.pdf.

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Shafiei, Rami. "Thermal imaging of tetrahydrofuran hydrates heat spread." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=95244.

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The research of gas hydrates has always been of industrial and scientific interests as their formation pose problems to the oil/gas industry while they also present a future energy resource as methane hydrates naturally occur in the earth crust. In the present study, Infrared imaging technology is utilized to observe and study heat spread of the formation and decomposition of tetrahydrofuran (THF) hydrates. Also, using infrared imaging technology, hydrates crystals are observed in the presence of poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) to study the crystals growth in presence of a kinetic inhibitor. THF was utilized due to its easy attainability conditions which make them suitable for lab experiments.
La recherche des hydrates de gaz a toujours été des intérêts industriels et scientifiques que leur formation poser des problèmes à l'industrie pétrolière / gaz alors ils présentent également une ressource énergétique future que les hydrates de méthane se produisent naturellement dans la croûte terrestre. Dans la présente étude, la technologie d'imagerie infrarouge est utilisée pour observer et étudier la propagation de la chaleur de la formation et la décomposition de tétrahydrofurane (THF) hydrates. En outre, en utilisant la technologie d'imagerie infrarouge, les hydrates de cristaux sont observés dans la présence du poly (N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) pour étudier la croissance des cristaux en présence d'un inhibiteur de cinétique. THF a été utilisé en raison de ses conditions attainability facile qui les rendent aptes à des expériences de laboratoire.

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Moss, Jonathan G. O. "Spread spectrum technologies for future communications systems." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285021.

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Branch, Richard William. "Conformational Spread in the Bacterial Flagellar Switch." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.525265.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Spread'

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