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1
Trevisani, M. Ivana Bach. "Trekking in the Wood // Trekking nel bosco // Senderismo en el bosque." Ecozon@: European Journal of Literature, Culture and Environment 6, no. 1 (February 26, 2015): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.37536/ecozona.2015.6.1.650.
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This poem, here offered in a bilingual version, was written on the occasion of a walk in the Adelasia beech forest in the Beigua Natural Park (Liguria, Italy), and it is part of a poetry collection titled Ecopoems (http://ecopoems. altervista.org). The English translator is Kiawna Brewster, who has worked under the supervision of Barbara Carle (Professor of English at Columbia University). Following the guidelines of the Manifesto of Italian Ecopoetry, the language used here is as simple and humble as the subjects speaking through these poems (animals, plants and the whole Earth). I intend this as a poetic communication which could be intelligible to all cultures, and therefore easy to translate and to widely spread, as wished by the UNESCO message of the World Poetry Day. Resumen Este poema, ofrecido en su versión bilingüe, se escribió aprovechando un paseo por el hayedo Adelasia en el Parque Natural de Beigua (Liguria, Italia), y es parte de una colección de poemas titulada Ecopoems (http://ecopoems.altervista.org Ecopoems). La traductora al inglés es Kiawna Brewster, que ha trabajado bajo la supervisión de Barabar Carle (profesora de inglés en la Universidad de Columbia). Siguiendo las directrices del Manifiesto Italiano de Ecopoesía, el lenguaje usado es tan sencillo y humilde como los sujetos que hablan a través de estos poemas (animales, plantas y toda la Tierra). Tengo la intención de que esta sea una comunicación poética inteligible para todas las culturas y, por lo tanto, fácil de traducir y extender ampliamente, tal y como desea el mensaje del Día Mundial de la Poesía de la UNESCO.
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Westra, Haijo. "University of Calgary." Florilegium 20, no. 1 (January 2003): 56–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/flor.20.014.
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Medieval Studies at the University of Calgary is a field spread out over several faculties, specifically Humanities, Social Sciences, Arts, and Communication and Culture. There is one multidisciplinary program that draws on courses offered by most of these faculties, a Minor in Medieval, Renaissance and Reformation Studies, with an anchor course in Humanities. Since students do not have to declare a Minor, enrolments are modest. There is no interdisciplinary M.A., but efforts are under way to fit such a program into a generic interdisciplinary M.A.. There are, however, significant opportunities for studying the medieval period and for writing an Honours, M.A. and (the odd) Ph.D. thesis within the traditional disciplines. Moreover, several graduates, especially from History and English, have pursued advanced degrees in Canada (Toronto), the U.S. (Notre Dame, Santa Barbara) and Britain (Oxford). Precisely because it is not a regular discipline, Medieval Studies has not been affected by systemic cutbacks. In addition to the specialists on hand, there have been recent appointments in this area in several departments, but that departmental presence and strength usually depends on just one person. Outside this structure, there is a flourishing Philology Research Group with an impressive range of activities. It was initiated by Ken Brown (French, Italian and Spanish Languages) four years ago and has been successful in attracting funding from the Faculty of Humanities, the university, and SSHRC. Its focus has been on textual editing, including text-encoding, palaeography, codicology and printing, with scholars from the U.S., Europe and Australia teaching workshops in their specialties. The Group has a community outreach program involving high school students, funded by the Delmas Foundation, and publishes its own series of occasional papers. Most recently, a beginning has been made in establishing a Medieval and Renaissance Cultural Studies Research Group with gender as its focus.
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Griffin, Jeffrey L. "Global English infiltrates Bulgaria." English Today 17, no. 4 (October 2001): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078401004060.
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Following his article ‘Global English invades Poland’ (ET50, Apr 97, Vol 13.2), the author explores the comparable impact of English on advertising in a second Eastern European nation.Global English continues its unchecked spread, not only as the second language of choice for more people than any other, but also as an infiltrator whose words creep into the fabric of other languages through such avenues as film, television, popular music, the World Wide Web, advertising and youth culture.
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Jiang, Haiyang. ""China English" and ELT in China: Global Vision and Local Spirit." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 9, no. 8 (August 1, 2019): 1025. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0908.21.
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"China English" is an objective reality, which is an English variety in China. It is different from other varieties such as "Cantonese English", "Chinese Pidgin English", "Chinglish". In China, "China English" needs to be integrated into ELT, which not only helps to make up for the gap in the cultural exchange between China and the West, but also is conducive to the spread of Chinese culture. It is the best English carrier for Chinese culture. Although "China English" is not yet a national variety of English, its importance is self-evident. Meanwhile, it also brings some enlightenment to ELT in China.
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Tan, Kim Hua, Atieh Farashaiyan, Rahman Sahragard, and Fatemeh Faryabi. "Implications of English as an International Language for Language Pedagogy." International Journal of Higher Education 9, no. 1 (December 23, 2019): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v9n1p22.
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The position of the English language in the world has recently underwent an enormous shift. The global spread of English has altered its status from being a homogeneous and standard language spoken by a few powerful countries into an international language or lingua franca spoken by a wide variety of speakers around the world (Llurda, 2014). The unprecedented global demand, use, and appropriation of English as an international language (EIL) necessitates a profession-wide response to English language learning, teaching, teacher education, assessment, and policy. The international status of English and increase in the number of EIL learners require a teaching agenda that incorporates pedagogical approaches that teach English based on EIL principles (Matsuda, 2017). The current study attempts to discuss the implications of EIL on issues related to language pedagogy, such as culture and intercultural competence in EIL, native-like competence, English teachers in the EIL pedagogy, language assessment in EIL and EIL teacher education. The studies show that EIL as a means of intercultural communication in a wide range of contexts calls for a reconceptualisation of language pedagogy It is concluded that despite the extensive discussions on the role of students’ first language culture for EIL learners, English textbooks and classrooms continue to rely on the target culture and ignore the students’ own culture. Therefore, EIL has yet to be fully incorporated language education despite extensive studies that have been conducted on its role.
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Guardiano, Cristina, M. Elena Favilla, and Emilia Calaresu. "Stereotypes about English as the language of science." AILA Review 20 (December 31, 2007): 28–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aila.20.05gua.
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The progressive spread of English as the main language of international scientific communication has been interpreted in many different ways by several scholars. The paper presents a brief review of the scientific debate on such topics, focusing on the main stereotypes which have been created in order to provide explanations for the development of English as the language of science, and on the perception of non-Anglophone scholars on the reasons of the predominance of English in scientific literature and their disadvantages with respect to native speakers. Frequently used stereotypes on English as the language of science are analyzed and discussed in reference to the motivations asserted by linguists and non-linguists. A double ideological evidence can be registered: (1) arguments essentially consist in a-posteriori justifications, (2) English — far away from representing a free choice for non-native scholars — is perceived as the repository of the linguistic power that is desired and worshipped. The overview closes with the results of a pilot investigation on the languages of scientific publications, conducted on a sample of Italian scholars belonging to various scientific fields.
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Kita Ngatu, Simon Petrus, and Basikin Basikin. "THE ROLE OF ENGLISH AS LINGUA FRANCA – INFORMED APPROACH IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING AND LEARNING TO PRESERVE CULTURAL IDENTITY." PRASASTI: Journal of Linguistics 4, no. 1 (May 11, 2019): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/prasasti.v4i1.17060.
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<p>The practice of teaching English as global language that has been widely spread in Indonesia does not fit to promote Indonesian local culture. Most of English language teaching practice pays much attention to students’ understanding relates to their local culture, but the whole process of English Language Teaching (ELT) itself denotes that students do not really apply their local culture in the English language learning. The effort of integrating local culture in ELT is still far from the concept of particularity, practicality, and of possibility. This article provides a conceptual perspective on the role of English as Lingua Franca (ELF) – Informed Approach in ELT in terms of preserving students’ cultural identity. It starts with describing the important issues dealing with the topic, evaluate the previous studies, building argument, and drawing conclusion and recommendation. The article concludes that the approach needs to be more informed in the whole process of ELT in terms of learning English and preserving students’ local culture in which students are allowed to use English within their local culture rather than only in understanding their culture without practicing. </p>
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Napoli, Donna Jo, and Jack Hoeksema. "The grammatical versatility of taboo terms." Studies in Language 33, no. 3 (July 23, 2009): 612–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.33.3.04nap.
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Taboo terms in certain English expressions and constructions are intensifiers, which have spread as a unit over time to various syntactic positions (Hoeksema & Napoli 2008). Here we look at the pragmatic coherence that has allowed such semantically disparate terms to be grammaticalized as a unit. We examine language using taboo terms in English with comparisons to Dutch, Italian, and other languages. The terms studied here regard religion, disease, sex, and bodily excretions. They exhibit common characteristics with cross-linguistic variation.
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Manca, Elena. "From phraseology to culture." Patterns, meaningful units and specialized discourses 13, no. 3 (September 17, 2008): 368–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.13.3.07man.
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This paper aims to describe the phraseology associated with adjectives in the language of tourism. The adjectives appearing in the word list of a British farmhouse holidays corpus were grouped into three different semantic fields (‘description of rooms’, ‘description of surroundings’, and ‘description of food’) and from which their collocational profiles were then identified. In order to compare and contrast the Italian and the British languages of tourism, we searched an Italian comparable agriturismi corpus for items that are used to describe rooms, food, and surroundings. The results are discussed with reference to Sinclair’s theories on the influence of context and register on language choices (Sinclair 1991), and Hall’s theory of high vs. low context cultures (Hall 1976, 1989; Katan 2003). This analysis shows that the language of tourism is highly phraseological. It also gives insights into some differences and similarities between English and Italian in terms of ‘language systems’ and cultural orientations.
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Sartor, Valerie. "Teaching English in Turkmenistan." English Today 26, no. 4 (November 3, 2010): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078410000313.
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The English language has fast become a global language. In Asia, from the far steppes of Mongolia to the beaches of Thailand, to the shores of the Caspian Sea, English print, music, and along with language, Western values, have spread and multiplied. New technology and media, especially the Internet (Crystal, 1996/2003), have helped carry English to people of all nationalities and economic classes. But many scholars feel that the rise of English is connected with the downfall of indigenous languages (Fishman, 1996; Crawford, 1996; McCarty, 2003). Minority languages face extinction as English rides the wave of increasing globalization (Romaine, 2001). Since 2007, Newsweek, The China Daily, and other international media sources have been citing English as the language of economic success in China. Adherents of English claim that it brings positive social change, economic opportunities, consumer goods, and new technologies (Castells, 2001). Such materialistic temptations cause some minority youth to discount the value of their languages and traditions. In Native America, for example, a small minority of Native Americans youth may feel that exchanging, dismissing, or even abandoning their native language and culture for English and a Western lifestyle represents progress and success in the form of material goods and a modern lifestyle (Crawford, 1996; McCarty, 2003). Similarly, in China, English is viewed as the language of economic success by many young Chinese. Opponents of the rise of English view the language, and its underlying cultural messages, as imperialistic. Phillipson (1992) accuses ESL educators of making a negative cultural impact upon unsuspecting indigenous peoples all over the world. Skutnabb-Kangas (2000) asserts that English can be used as a tool by Western nations for global dominance.
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Manzella, Pietro, and Bruce E. Kaufman. "Translating Commons’ ‘Industrial Goodwill’ Into Italian: Some Conceptual and Linguistic Considerations." International Journal of Linguistics 12, no. 5 (September 22, 2020): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v12i5.17489.
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This paper examines the English-language term ‘industrial goodwill’, which was introduced into industrial relations discourse by John R. Commons in his book Industrial Goodwill (1919). The paper then goes on to investigate the challenges resulting from the attempts to translate this concept into Italian, as no equivalent exists in the target language which fully captures its English meaning. More generally, this case study is used to highlight the relevance of language in comparative research. This is particularly true in industrial relations, as concepts in this domain are frequently culture and context specific.
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Hou, Yiran. "From Chinglish to New Chinglish — A Critical Exploration of Chinese ELF." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 10, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1004.02.
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Predominant status of English in politics, science, technology and intercultural communications leads to fierce debate over the so-called “ownership” of the English language. Considering the major agent in the spread and development of English around the world, increasing arguments have favoured the position of English as a lingua franca (ELF) shaped more by English’s non-native speakers. This echoes growing advocacy in Chinese academia of legitimatising Chinese ELF and implementing it to the English education. This paper suggests the emergence of an imagined Chinese ELF community in response to the paradox under the Post-Multilingual context that individuals adopt and adapt English for intercultural communication while this may endanger local culture and identity. However, it argues that Chinese ELF is hard to be legitimatised officially and applied to teaching contexts due to its immanent self-contradiction and attitudes of the Chinese public — its aimed recipients — towards embracing and using it formally. Key point lies in the fact that under today’s context of Anglo-hegemony, it is still native speakers who remain arbiters of the form of the English language spread and taught over the globe, essentially preventing Chinese ELF from being recognised.
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Dr. Uzma Imtiaz, Dr. Aisha Jadoon, and Ali Naqi. "Language Attitude of Pakistani Under-Graduate Students towards Non-Native Speakers." sjesr 3, no. 2 (June 25, 2020): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.36902/sjesr-vol3-iss2-2020(16-24).
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English used by native English speakers was being followed as a standard token of usage for non-native English speakers for a longer time. However, with the spread of knowledge and technology, the English language across the world has provoked a much-heated debate about these norms whether they should be followed by the non-native English speaker or not. The present paper explores the response of Pakistani undergraduate university students about the effectiveness of the non-native English model of communication by using Kachru’s monocentric model which refutes the standard model of English language to focus more on conventional norms together with native politico-cultural needs. For this purpose, this study used a close-ended questionnaire that asked the non-native English speakers responses to the audio of three different English speeches Different varieties of spoken English existing across the Pakistani society point towards the strong influence of culture over language. This research concludes that the English language has now got the status of pluricentricity based on micro-level variation, so it is impossible to rely on a single communication model for language users considering their diversity.
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Romero Villarroel, Wilber, and Sara Camacho Estrada. "THE USE OF STANDARDIZED ENGLISH EXAMS IN THE INTERNATIONALIZATION OF ENGLISH AS A GLOBAL LANGUAGE." Ciencia Digital 2, no. 2 (June 21, 2018): 484–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.33262/cienciadigital.v2i2.115.
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Have you heard of the ITEP/TOEIC/TSE/BULLATS/TOEFL/CELTA/DELTA exams? Among many others, these exams are currently being promoted not only by educative institutions, but by a large number of local governments and even international relationship instances (Bunce, 2016). On this regard, it is imperative to wonder and analyze how the idea of taking language exams became into fashion and at what moment in history it became into a necessity, a requirement, or as synonym of social and academic status. On such basis this study aims at determining how the implementation of English international tests have contributed in the spread of English globally.
The spread of the English language globally has occurred because of different factors. Clyne (2008) regards the demographic aspect as an important element for the growth and rapid evolution of this language. The effect of the use of the English language has reached almost all the areas of human domain such as the educational. The spread in this area has determined the future of many countries.
On the field of education, a standardized visible system is clearly set. Most of the books and material used to teach English are based on the Common European Framework. This framework stablishes the standardization of teaching contents and methodologies which are later used and applied into exams to evaluate students´ English language proficiency around the world.
CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning) programs have been implemented in schools in many countries of the world like Asia, Australia and Europe. “In recent years, LAC and CLIL are gaining intense attention particularly in context where English is learnt as a foreign language or as an international language” (Lin, 2016, p.1). Lin regards this implementation to the desire of countries like the Asian for becoming modern and take part in the development of a global economy.
When comparing English with other languages it can be said that it is the pioneer in standardizing a language. According to Mulcaster (as cited by Crystal, 2003, p. 73) the English language had no competence internationally. If we take a look at other languages trying to do the same, it can be seen that they have not become as successful as English. It does not matter if those systems are better, they simply have not been able to reach that level of internationalization. The important fact here is that those countries in these case languages do not have the economic, political power, and the influence that The United States has.
According to Sharifian (2010, p.192) the English language dominance originated along the colonialism period. Phillipson (as cited in Sharifian, 2010) explains that “many elites in society have strong links with the inner circle because they have been educated in inner circle countries”. The inner circle is referred to countries where the English language is spoken as a mother tongue.
To conclude, this essay presents an analysis of the way standardized exams have contributed widely to the internationalization of English around the world. This standardized examination system has influenced in many aspects like education, negotiation, culture, ideology and public policy. It will present an overview about every aspect mentioned as well as the causes and effects of these factors which have influence in a positive and negative way in society. Besides, there will be presented examples in a general way about percentages of people who have taken standardized exams and how it has contributed to the expansion of English around the world.
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Taylor, Charlotte. "Mock politeness and culture: Perceptions and practice in UK and Italian data." Intercultural Pragmatics 13, no. 4 (November 1, 2016): 463–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ip-2016-0021.
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Abstract This paper investigates the extent to which perceptions of cultural variation correspond to actual practice with reference to (national) cultures in Britain and Italy. More specifically, the aspect of im/politeness that is addressed is mock politeness, a subset of implicational impoliteness that is triggered by an im/politeness mismatch. In the first phase of the study, two sets of comparable corpora are employed to investigate perceptions of mock politeness (using search terms such as sarcastic and patronizing) in relation to cultural identities. The first pair of corpora is composed of national newspapers in England and Italy, collected in 2014, and the second set are web corpora. What emerges from this stage is a strong tendency for both the English and Italian corpora to associate (potential) mock polite behaviors such as being ironic with a British cultural identity. In the second stage of the study, I use a corpus of conversational data from British English and Italian online discussion forums, in which mock polite behaviors have been identified and annotated, in order to investigate whether there is any evidence for the cultural assumptions found in the first phase. As will be shown, the analysis reveals both variation in cultural practice and a significant gap between perceptions and practice. In describing and identifying this gap between perceptions and practice, I show both how (anglocentric) academic description has underestimated cultural variation, and, in contrast, how cultural variation is overestimated in lay description.
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Deng, Wensheng. "“Cultural Self-confidence” or “Cultural Trust”—A Proposal for Teaching Literal Translation." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 10, no. 3 (March 1, 2020): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1003.05.
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The implementation of transmitting China’s classical culture to the world calls for more translators today. So, teachers of English must train more qualified talents to meet the demands. In college English teaching, teaching translation is an indispensable core part. In order to enhance students’ translation competence, English teachers are striving to explore how to teach translation efficiently for the goal. Under such a circumstance, the thesis is to explore literal translation in teaching. Based on Geoffrey Leech’s theory of seven types of meanings, the thesis has provided students’ translators with several guidelines to it, i.e., translating rational sense directly, preserving unique cultural image, insisting to adopted version of English, catching associative sense, forgetting verbal or formal equivalence. To preserve and spread Chinese culture, the paper also suggests that foreignization is the first strategy at present situation, so literal translation will be proper, and that a good translator is an archeologist of knowledge as well. For students, he must have critical eyes in translating.
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Chen, Zhiming. "An Analysis of the Embodiment of Chinese Tea Culture in English Language and Literature Translation." Lifelong Education 9, no. 5 (August 2, 2020): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.18282/le.v9i5.1248.
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China’s tea culture has a long history. From the Silk Road to the Ancient Tea-Horse Road, the unique charm of tea has affected all parts of the world. With the increasing frequency of trade exchanges between China and the West in recent years, tea culture has also had a profound impact on the literary field of trade areas. influences. This article first analyzes the differences between Chinese and Western tea cultures, and then discusses the principles that China's tea culture should follow in the process of English translation, so as to allow China's tea culture to be more accurately spread to English-speaking countries, and to further promote the world's multicultural exchanges. , Let more people understand the tea culture of our country and experience the cultural charm of it.
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Anchimbe, Eric A. "World Englishes and the American tongue." English Today 22, no. 4 (October 2006): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078406004020.
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Are the other varieties of English under threat from the United States? This paper reviews the place of the United States of America (her English and culture) in the contemporary world, especially with regard to the spread and use of the English language. World War II and its aftermath raised America to the height of political, economic, commercial, technological strength which saw the transformation of English from being a reserve of the British Isles and their queen, to a code of international linguistic transaction. English today is no longer just spreading world-wide, but is overwhelmingly adopting a predominant American touch, given the pride and prestige of the American lifestyle and pop culture. This paper therefore observes that in a quite foreseeable future the world Englishes will gradually subsume their heterogeneous identities into the sweeping current of the American variety of English.
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Safari, Parvin, and Seyyed Ayatollah Razmjoo. "An Exploration of Iranian EFL Teachers’ Perceptions on the Globalization and Hegemony of English." Qualitative Research in Education 5, no. 2 (June 27, 2016): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.17583/qre.2016.1797.
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Globalization as an increasingly influencing force has led English language to become the lingua franca of the world. However, the global spread of English is considered as linguistic and cultural imperialism of English speaking countries to exert their dominance, power, culture, ideology and language over the periphery countries. The devastating consequence of this hegemony, according to Canagarajah (2005) can be putting learners in danger of losing their languages, cultures, and identities, giving rise to the devaluation of their local knowledge and cultures. Here, the researchers administ interview to explore thirty-seven experienced Iranian EFL teachers’ (18males/19females) perceptions on English globalization and its hegemony, who were selected based on purposive sampling. The researchers’ adoption of Strauss and Corbin’s (1998) constant comparative method revealed that although Iranian English teachers admitted globalization as an inevitable reality and English language as a tool in the service of globalization to smooth communication among people, they took up a counter-hegemonic stance and resistance towards the values associated with its use. They also suggested some anti-hegemonic strategies to de-colonize the power, culture, values, and ideologies of the West which tries to marginalize other countries and people.
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Qiang, Niu, and Martin Wolff. "Linguistic failures." English Today 23, no. 1 (January 2007): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078407001125.
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Heart-felt opposition to the status and spread of English in the world at large and most particularly in China today. It can hardly be denied that England has given the world maritime law, contract law, and an international language. However, whether by accident or design, the effect of these ‘gifts’ over time has, we would argue, been the destruction of many ethnic customs, social structures, and other aspects of culture. There appears to be little or no dissent among linguists regarding the proposition that language and culture are inseparable: what affects one affects the other.This paper discusses how the global spread of English has affected – deleteriously – many languages and cultures, and currently engages too much time and too many resources in China today. Maritime and contract law may have been less problematic.
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Li, Songqing. "The use of English in China's real estate advertising." English Today 28, no. 3 (September 2012): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078412000272.
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One's native language is normally a marker of national identity. This is particularly true of China, which many regard as a relatively linguistically homogeneous nation. The huge impact of the spread of English on the local culture of China alongside a buoyant wave of global capitalism raises interesting questions such as the following: (i) Does the spread of English challenge or undermine the sense of China's national identity? (ii) By drawing upon English as a new linguistic and cultural resource, is China now redefining its own culture? (iii) What strategies are observable in the use of English intranationally in contemporary China? To answer these questions, this study examines the use of English in China's real estate advertising. The relatively new discourse of real estate advertisements in mainland China has been attributed to the process of increasing urbanization which has accelerated since 2000. In addition, as one of the most fundamental symbols of a nation, land is closely associated with national identity, which suggests that real estate transformed from land can be taken as a source discourse for an investigation of national identity (Smith, 1991; First and Avraham, 2007). By focusing on the use of English in China's real estate advertising and its possible association with the national identity of mainland China, this study discusses the strategic use of English as a linguistic and cultural resource in identity construction.
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Mufwene, Salikoko S. "The ET Column: Globalization and the spread of English: what does it mean to be Anglophone?" English Today 26, no. 1 (February 23, 2010): 57–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078409990605.
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The author wonders whether English is becoming as universal as is often claimed? Demand for English and American language centers has increased around the world, and TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language) is now administered regularly in many metropolises. To ensure that their students are competitive, economically affluent countries have invested lots of money in the latest audio-visual technology while also recruiting the most competent teachers of English as a second or foreign language. South Korea has stood out in contracting American and British teachers to provide interaction-with-native-speaker experience to its students via satellite while European countries have benefited greatly from student exchange programs that enable their students to improve their competence by immersion in native socio-economic ecologies. Equally noteworthy are financial and emotional sacrifices endured by many, chiefly Korean, families whose mothers/wives and school-age children live in Anglophone countries so that the children can develop native competence in English. The relevant parents assume that as the world-wide market value of English continues to rise, every young person anywhere will need it, at least as a lingua franca, and the more fluent ones will have a competitive edge over their peers. Pop culture will undoubtedly have contributed its share to this rise of its market value.
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Lwin, Soe Marlar. "PROMOTING LANGUAGE LEARNERS’ CROSS-CULTURAL AWARENESS THROUGH COMPARATIVE ANALYSES OF ASIAN FOLKTALES." TEFLIN Journal - A publication on the teaching and learning of English 27, no. 2 (October 4, 2016): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.15639/teflinjournal.v27i2/166-181.
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With the global spread, the English language has become a lingua franca and a component of basic education in many Asian countries, making Asia one of the regions in the world with the largest number of English speakers. However, due to the rich cultural diversities of Asian societies, using English as a lingua franca in Asia implies that speakers need to develop not only communicative competence but intercultural communicative competence, so as to ensure successful communication among people from different Asian societies. Given that successful intercultural communication requires the speakers’ appreciation of their cultural diversities, while celebrating certain similarities, promoting learners’ cross-cultural awareness has become one of the important objectives of English language teaching in Asia. In this paper, I will draw on some sample analyses of Asian folktales which have been translated into English to (i) identify and explore the features of narrative structures and contents which can be seen as transcultural and others which can be highlighted as culture-specific, and (ii) discuss how such comparative analyses of narrative structures and contents in Asian folktales can be used to promote the cross-cultural awareness of English language learners in Asia. Implications for the socio-cultural-based English language teaching are offered.
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Horn, Gerd-Rainer. "Stephen Gundle, Between Moscow and Hollywood: The Italian Communists and the Challenge of Mass Culture, 1943–1991. Durham: Duke University Press, 2000. 269 pp. $64.95 cloth; $21.95 paper." International Labor and Working-Class History 65 (April 2004): 170–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547904220130.
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The Italian Communist Party (PCI) after 1943, writes Stephen Gundle, managed to construct “the last great left-wing subculture in Western Europe” (7). Given the unusual interest in “culture” in the broadest sense of the term exhibited by Palmiro Togliatti, the undisputed key figure in post-war Italian Communist politics, an English-language study of the PCI's cultural policies is thus highly welcome and long overdue. Stephen Gundle manages to present an informative and authoritative account, which is highly recommended for anyone interested in the politics of culture and the culture of politics within the European Left.
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Bosworth, R. J. B. "Tourist Planning in Fascist Italy and the Limits of a Totalitarian Culture." Contemporary European History 6, no. 1 (March 1997): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777300004033.
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The historiography of Italian fascism has reached a curious pass. Once, especially in the English-language world, all was dominated by the study of politics, diplomacy and war. Moreover, these studies were automatically ‘intentionalist’ in their interpretation. For Denis Mack Smith as, ironically, for Renzo De Felice, it did not seem possible to think of the period from 1922 to 1945 except as ‘Mussolini's Italy’; any analysis of fascist Italy could not depart far from the dominant and dominating figure of the Duce.
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Thonn, Jessica A. "Journeys/Viaggi: Intertwined multi-university English L2 and Italian L2 courses for bilingual and intercultural growth." Language Learning in Higher Education 8, no. 2 (September 25, 2018): 427–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cercles-2018-0008.
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Abstract The University of Florence’s Language Center (CLA) and the Florence seat of an American university renowned for its language programs, Middlebury College, twice intertwined their English and Italian B2/C1 foreign language courses to produce an English/Italian reciprocal learning space. In addition to disparate organizational constructs, the two institutions had slightly differing goals. Both institutions sought multiple, peer-speaking opportunities; however, in addition, Middlebury aimed for intercultural exchange with local peers. To achieve these multiple objectives, our joint courses included elements of group work, collaborative learning, and the latter’s language-acquisition offspring, task-based learning. Research drawn from the fields of management, psychology, pedagogy, sociology, and translation studies, in addition to second language acquisition, guided our instructional design choices. Students worked together outside the classroom, co-constructing knowledge in increasingly complex tasks, to produce tangible outcomes. These joint activities provided students with a space to confront their interpretations and expectations of the L2 culture with an insider’s view. Students experimented with simultaneous, sequential and reciprocal bilingualism. In the second edition of the course, Spanish L1 speakers were present in both universities, co-constructing their knowledge multilingually. The article describes the courses’ format, activities and hurdles, for those interested in setting up bilingual lessons, as well as citing germane studies from a variety of academic disciplines which guided course design.
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Ranzato, Irene. "Gayspeak and Gay Subjects in Audiovisual Translation: Strategies in Italian Dubbing." Manipulating for Different Audiences 57, no. 2 (February 4, 2013): 369–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1013951ar.
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The purpose of this article is to analyse the fictional language of homosexuals as portrayed on the screen, as well as the way in which Italian translators and dubbing adapters have dealt with gayspeak. It means to explore whether the words of the gay lexicon in the English and the Italian languages cover similar semantic areas and whether any lack of balance between the two languages in this particular field may create problems for the translator. On the other hand, various examples from dubbed films and TV programmes will help to investigate whether some of the features of gayspeak are substantially altered in the Italian adaptations and whether these modifications are due to constraints determined by the vocabulary used to define the idiolect of this speech community or, rather, to overt and covert constraints imposed by a culture, the Italian, which has opened up to homosexual themes much more slowly than the Anglosaxon world.
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Bowen, Lloyd. "Structuring Particularist Publics: Logistics, Language, and Early Modern Wales." Journal of British Studies 56, no. 4 (September 27, 2017): 754–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jbr.2017.118.
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AbstractThis article examines how early modern publics were shaped partly by dynamics of linguistic difference and physical distance. Taking Wales as its focus, it argues that barriers to communication have yet to be considered sufficiently in a literature which presents English language metropolitan discourses as normative. Particularist publics that drew upon different cultural heritages and employed different communicative practices to those prevailing in and around London deserve greater attention. This is illustrated principally by the vernacularizing impulses of Protestant reform in sixteenth-century Wales and the responses these elicited from Catholic interests, and also the attempts to construct political publics in Wales during the 1640s and 1650s. Early modern Welsh public culture was characterized by a degree of isolation from the genres and sites of critical opinion (such as newsbooks and coffeehouses); print production was underdeveloped; and there were logistical barriers to the spread of news. Conceptualizing early modern Wales as a “particularist public” can help enrich our understanding of center-locality relationships in other parts of the English (and subsequently British) realm.
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Ahmad, Ayaz, Sana Hussan, and Syed Ali Shah. "Russification of Muslim Central Asia: An Overview of Language, Culture and Society." Global Regional Review II, no. I (December 30, 2017): 70–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(ii-i).06.
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Russian influence in Muslim Muslim Central Asia was far reaching. The transformational force of Russian presence first emerged in the administrative setup and governance, soon it spread to the domain of education and sociocultural symbols. The Muslim Central Asian society lost its connection with Muslim world in neighborhood as Russian alphabets, lexemes and structures. The Tsarist era initiated these changes but its scope remained limited. In quest for making the Muslim Central Asians emulate the role of “new Russian man” the Soviet era used force to popularize and cultivate Russian language and culture. However, the distrust among Russian diaspora and Muslim Central Asian local population was deep seated. Once the Soviet Union fell, the demographic and linguistic changes were attacked by nationalists. Despite the post-1991 attempts, Russian language is still dominant in Muslim Central Asia as compared to English and other modern European languages
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Hale, John K. "Observations on Milton’s Accents." Renaissance and Reformation 31, no. 3 (January 23, 2009): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/rr.v31i3.11626.
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Milton’s diacritics in six languages, though mostly typical of his time, allow some inferences about his language attainments and scholarship. For Latin verse, he uses accents to disambiguate rhythm or meaning. For Greek scholarship, he is punctilious. Italian authors are culture to him, French ones merely data. His Hebrew accents suggest neither a theological fundamentalist nor a textual conservative. His English verse ones reflect both etymology and rhythm, but where these part company he gives priority to rhythm.
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Berces, Katalin Balogne, and Balint Huszthy. "Laryngeal Relativism predicts Italian." Yearbook of the Poznan Linguistic Meeting 4, no. 1 (December 1, 2018): 153–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/yplm-2018-0007.
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Abstract Two-way laryngeal systems are classified by Laryngeal Realism into [voice] languages (or “L-systems”, e.g., Slavic, Romance) and [spread glottis] ([sg]; or aspiration) languages (or “H-systems”, e.g., the typical Germanic pattern). More recently, Cyran (2014) has proposed Laryngeal Relativism (LR), claiming that phonetic interpretation is arbitrary, and as a result, two phonetically identical systems, even two dialects of a language, may turn out to diverge phonologically. His example is Polish: while Warsaw Polish represents the typical [voice]/L-system, he analyses phonetically identical Cracow Polish as an H-system (counter to Laryngeal Realism’s uniform classification of Slavic languages). However, in the “classical” version of [sg] languages (e.g., English), no laryngeal activity in the form of any kind of spreading is attested, which suggests the absence of any source element and, instead, a dominant role of obstruency (|h|). We, therefore, arrive at a three-way typology: h-systems, H-systems and L-systems. At the same time, arbitrary phonetic interpretation in LR predicts the existence of, e.g., h-systems with virtually no aspiration in the fortis series. We claim that this is indeed the characterisation of Italian. Using data from potential feature spreading situations, elicited in loanword and foreign accent settings, we show that Italian is an h-system, exhibiting no true laryngeal activity.
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Xu, Yunwei. "Research on Business English Translation Architecture Based on Artificial Intelligence Speech Recognition and Edge Computing." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2021 (August 18, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5518868.
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In today’s society, the continuous deepening of international cultural integration has become the background of the times. China has become more and more closely connected with the world, and many physical or online news media have become a platform for China to receive world information and spread Chinese culture. Business English translation is therefore valued by translation researchers and translators. Aiming at the shortcomings of current business English translation research, this paper designs and develops a business English translation architecture based on artificial intelligence speech recognition and edge computing. First of all, considering the relevance and complementarity between speech and text modalities, this paper uses the deep neural network feature fusion method to effectively fuse the extracted monomodal features and perform speech recognition. Secondly, adopt the edge computing method to establish the business English translation system architecture. Finally, the simulation test analysis verifies the efficiency of the business English translation framework established in this paper. Compared with the existing methods, our proposal improved the accuracy than others at least 10% and the time of model building also decreased obviously. The purpose of this research is to discuss how to deal with the many differences between the source language and the target language, and how to enhance the readability of the translation and meet the reader’s cultural cognition and needs.
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Марцева, Т. А., Ю. В. Кобенко, О. В. Солодовникова, and Е. С. Рябова. "EVOLUTION OF POLITICAL CORRECTNESS PHENOMENON IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE (ON MATERIAL OF PARALYMPIC VOCABULARY)." НАУЧНЫЙ ЖУРНАЛ СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКИЕ И МЕТОДИКО-ДИДАКТИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ, no. 4(48) (December 22, 2020): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.36622/vstu.2020.65.47.001.
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Постановка задачи. В работе рассматривается историческая трансформация представлений о политкорректности в англоязычной культуре, являющейся в настоящее время доминирующей «глобальной» культурой. В отечественной лингвистике существует ряд синонимичных терминов для номинации данного явления: коммуникативная корректность, языковая толерантность, языковой такт. Результаты. Отношение к политкорректности значительно эволюционировало с момента ее зарождения в англоязычной среде в 1980е гг. Изначально явление рассматривали в качестве способа обеспечения взаимоуважения и терпимости в международном поликультурном и мультилингвальном пространстве. В начале XXI в. отмечается ироничное восприятие политкорректности, вызванное гиперкорректностью, желанием завуалировать все неоднозначные проявления действительности. Тем не менее политкорректное отношение необходимо для таких социальных категорий индивидов, как люди с ограниченными возможностями. Выбор паралимпийского дискурса в качестве источника материала по политкорректности обусловлен статусом английского языка, выступающего единственным официальным языком паралимпийского движения. Международный паралимпийский комитет - управляющий орган паралимпийского движения и посредник между спортсменами с инвалидностью и общественностью - также выполняет функцию субъекта языковой политики. Данная организация стала инициатором лингвистических экспериментов по поиску подходящих номинаций для спортсменов-участников данных соревнований. Выводы. Динамика номинаций спортсменов с инвалидностью демонстрирует эволюцию от лексем с негативной коннотацией, распространенных до 1960 гг., чрезмерно осторожных номинаций, употребляемых в 1980е - 2000е гг., до откровенных и эксплицитных лексических единиц, используемых в настоящее время. Паралимпийский дискурс представляется питательной средой для генерации и апробации таких номинаций, откуда они позже распространяются на людей с инвалидностью в целом. Изменения интралингвистического характера повлияли на трансформацию в мировоззренческих установках и отношении к людям с ограниченными возможностями. Таким образом, через лингвистические новшества осуществляется пропагандистская деятельность паралимпийского комитета, вызывающая в конечном итоге изменения экстралингвистического порядка. Formulation of the problem. The article looks into the changes in attitudes to political correctness in English linguistic culture, presently considered the dominant “global” culture. Russian linguistics offers a range of synonymous terms to nominate this phenomenon: communicative correctness, language tolerance, language ethics, etc. Results. The attitude to political correctness has evolved significantly since its appearance in English-speaking environment in the 1980s. It was initially viewed as the means of providing and securing tolerance and respect in the international multicultural and multilingual community. The turn of the 21 century showed ironic perception of political correctness caused by hypercorrectness and desire to conceal the controversial facts of the real life. However, tolerant attitude is crucial for such social categories as people with disabilities. The decision to analyze the Paralympic discourse in search for the examples of politically correct nominations is caused by the status of English language - the only official language of the Paralympic movement. International Paralympic Committee - the managing structure of the Paralympics and the intermediary between para-athletes and society also performs the function of the agent of language policy. This organization initiated linguistic experiments to search the appropriate nominations of para-sportspeople. Conclusion. The range of nominations demonstrates evolution from the lexemes with negative connotations, widely used up to the 1960s, extremely cautious nominations, spread in English throughout 1980s - 2000s to explicit lexical units used nowadays. Paralympic discourse has become the medium that stimulates emergence and practical evaluation of such nominations. It is also the platform for their further spread to be used as the nominations of all people with disabilities. Intralinguistic changes have influenced the mentality of English-speakers and their attitude to people with disabilities. This is an example of the propaganda performed by the International Paralympic Committee, which leads to the extralinguistic changes.
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Sneddon, Andrew. "Bishop Francis Hutchinson (1660–1739): a case study in the eighteenth-century culture of improvement." Irish Historical Studies 35, no. 139 (May 2007): 289–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021121400006659.
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In recent years our understanding of the attempts of the Irish Protestant élite to convert and ‘civilise’ Ireland in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries has increased substantially. Some historians have examined the various campaigns to convert the largely Irish-speaking Catholic native population to Protestantism, through schools, the employment of Irish-speaking clergy and the publication of key religious texts in Irish. Others have explored Protestant efforts to civilise Ireland by bringing its governmental and legal infrastructure into line with those of England and through the spread of English dress, language, industries and agriculture.
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Li, Yuying, and Wandi Hu. "On the Norm Memes in English Translation of Classics—A Case Study of the Translation of the Works by Jiangxi Native Literati in the Song Dynasty." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 8, no. 6 (June 1, 2018): 629. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0806.12.
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With the convening of the 19th NCCPC and at the call of “Building stronger cultural confidence and helping socialist culture to flourish.” the going global of Chinese cultural classics has gained increasing importance. Jiangxi Province is the birthplace of literati and scholars throughout the ages, especially in the Song Dynasty. Among the Eight Great Literati of the Tang and Song Dynasties three were JX natives. Therefore, the study on the English translation of the classic works by them would be of great academic and practical values as well as significance for popularization. Taking Chesterman’s Translation Memetics as the guidance and from the aspects of Expectancy Norms and Professional Norms, the study analyses and explores the translation strategies and skills of Chinese classic, in the hope to contribute the author’s pygmy to the translation and spread of traditional Chinese culture.
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Grazzi, Enrico, and Lucilla Lopriore. "ELF AWARENESS FOR TEACHER EDUCATION IN ITALY: ATTITUDES AND ACTIONS." Estudos Linguísticos e Literários 1, no. 65 (April 24, 2020): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.9771/ell.v1i65.36469.
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<span lang="EN-GB">The spread of English as the world's primary lingua franca (ELF) poses some challenging questions about the impact of ELF on English language teaching (ELT). The gap between the dominance of native-speaker oriented institutional curricula and the emergence of variable, context-bound forms of English in multilingual and multicultural communicative settings is plain to see, opening up an opportunity for researchers to explore new directions in which future studies might be heading in order to implement an ELF-aware pedagogic approach to English. The aim of this article is to analyse a selection of relevant data that have been collected through a teacher survey on the state of the art as regards ELT. The survey was administered in Italy (mainly at upper and lower secondary school level). In particular, the authors focus their attention on issues such as </span><span lang="EN-GB">learners’ errors, standard and non-standard English models, teachers’ attitudes and beliefs, the use of authentic materials, the encouragement of learners’ creativity, learner assessment and evaluation.</span><span lang="EN-GB"> This study, part of an Italian national research project, has been carried out by one of the three teams constituting the study group, the one from Roma Tre University, whose main objective is to take into consideration the changing scenario of Global Englishes and open new paths to revisit teachers', learners' and publishers' beliefs and offer possible perspectives about classroom practices, assessment and evaluation, and material development.</span>
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Baicchi, Annalisa. "Emotions travelling across cultures." International Journal of Language and Culture 4, no. 1 (October 17, 2017): 24–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijolc.4.1.03bai.
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Abstract This article examines the ‘Adj em +PP’ construction in the English-Italian language pair (e.g., angry at my audacity/arrabbiato per la mia audacia) with the aim of identifying the kinaesthetic embodied schemas that motivate the language of emotions. The analysis of corpus data highlights the interplay between culture and mind, and the cross-linguistic comparison offers some interesting observations that appear to undermine some stereotypes about the way in which emotions are conceived of in the two cultures. Comparative semantics foregrounds the non-diagrammatic rendition in the translation of emotion language and allows for typological hypotheses about cultural cognition and the connection between Talmy’s dichotomy of manner-framed and path-framed languages.
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Jansen, Lisa, and Michael Westphal. "Rihanna Works Her Multivocal Pop Persona: A Morpho-syntactic and Accent Analysis of Rihanna's Singing Style." English Today 33, no. 2 (February 13, 2017): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078416000651.
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Singing is a very dynamic and innovative mode of communication through which artists often express themselves with a set of various voices. Today, pop music circulates across national boundaries and English is the main medium of communication in transnational pop culture. In this special context different varieties of English meet at a high density. Rihanna's single Work is an example of this prevalent multivocality in pop music culture. Her language performance attracted public attention of various sorts as she audibly incorporates several Caribbean English Creole (CEC) features. While some critics describe her lyrics as ‘gibberish’ (cf. Noelliste, 2016), others acknowledge her performance as a ‘reclamation of her Barbadian heritage’ (Gibsone, 2016). The example of Rihanna shows that singers can be transporters of English varieties: she is a Caribbean artist who started a successful career in the US, and whose music today has global reach. Singers, like Rihanna, are thus mobile, transnational linguistic agents. On the one hand, she physically travels the world playing concerts to her audiences. On the other, her persona, music, videos, and further media commodities are part of the global ‘mediascape’ (Appadurai, 1996). In other words, her products easily spread across the globe and are reproduced, transcending national and social boundaries. New technologies (e.g. smart phones, tablets) and applications (Facebook, Twitter, Instagram) facilitate as well as accelerate the transnational dissemination of media resources. Moreover, singers show that the linguistic (and cultural) resources as such are mobile. Different language influences are formed into individual linguistic repertoires. Singers often playfully employ certain features to highlight parts of their identity or locate themselves in a particular music genre.
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Caliendo, Giuditta. "Italy’s other Mafia." Sociological Turn in Translation and Interpreting Studies 7, no. 2 (December 31, 2012): 191–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tis.7.2.06cal.
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Following its translation into more than thirty languages, Roberto Saviano’s non-fiction novel Gomorrah [Gomorra], has unveiled to a vast number of readers across the globe the endless saga of Naples’ crime syndicate, the Camorra (from which the book’s title derives its bitter play on words). Literary critics and reviewers in the UK and in the U.S. have widely acclaimed Saviano’s talent in depicting the corruption plaguing Naples’ gloomy and degraded hinterland, although the sociocultural context portrayed in Gomorrah is naturally distant from the repertoire of the target culture: the text is widely populated by culture-bound concepts and implicit meanings, which further complicates the translation process. Through a contrastive analysis of the Italian and English versions of the exposé, this study explores the strategies employed in translating the voices and deeds of Naples’ mobsters, as well as the socioeconomic setting of the Camorra. With reference to types of non-equivalence between the two language versions, this article investigates to what extent the English translation contributes to the identity-building process of the Camorra as a separate and far more deadly criminal organization vis-à-vis the Sicilian Mafia.
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Dalton-Puffer, Christiane, Klaus-Börge Boeckmann, and Barbara Hinger. "Research in language teaching and learning in Austria (2011–2017)." Language Teaching 52, no. 02 (April 2019): 201–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026144481900003x.
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AbstractThis overview of seven years of research on language learning and teaching in Austria reflects a period of steady growth for the language teaching and learning research community, a development due to a national policy agenda aiming for a stronger research base in teacher education. The target languages of the teaching and learning processes investigated are primarily German, English, French, Italian, Spanish as well as several Slavic languages, reflecting the geographical, sociolinguistic and language policy situation of this increasingly multilingual country. This multilingualism means there are clearly many more first languages (L1s) than only German involved in the learning situations investigated. While all the studies reviewed here illustrate research driven by a combination of local and global concerns in connection with different theoretical frameworks, some specific clusters of research interest emerge. These are: societal and individual multilingualism, language education policy, language teacher education, language(s) in other subjects, early language learning, language acquisition and learning, literature and culture, testing and standardisation, digital media, and teaching materials.
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Soll, Jacob. "Accounting for Government: Holland and the Rise of Political Economy in Seventeenth-Century Europe." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 40, no. 2 (October 2009): 215–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jinh.2009.40.2.215.
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In the 1650s, political administrators across Europe began adopting accounting strategies to manage government. Although the method of double-entry book-keeping emerged during the Middle Ages and spread from Italy during the Renaissance, governments were slow to adopt it. Inspired by the Dutch precedent, however, English, French, German, and Russian rulers and ministers looked to accounting to build new military industrial complexes. This general movement represents a paradigmatic change in the language of politics, away from traditional humanist theory toward a technocratic culture that would later evolve into the political-economic movement of the eighteenth century.
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PLESCHENKO, Alexander. "INFLUENCE OF TECHNICAL PROGRESS AND ACCELERATION OF INFORMATIZATION ON SOCIO-CULTURAL LANDSCAPES." PRIMO ASPECTU, no. 1(41) (March 27, 2020): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.35211/2500-2635-2020-1-41-7-11.
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The article discusses how the spread and acceleration of technology, communication, informatization affects the social perception of reality by the population of the studied landscape, how does a spatial understanding of reality take place in the sociocultural landscape. The study characterizes the aspect of the impact of accelerating the receipt of information in the framework of technological progress, which sees one of the serious causes of social changes, the unevenness of cultural transformations of the sociocultural landscape and the emergence, alienation, simulacra, clip culture, hyperreality due to the massive spread of clip culture. The concept of “landscape” is argued as the term that is best suited for the study of global processes, that the semantics of the English language conveys the idea of mobility and irregularity, in the term (landscape) the suffix - “scape” means “to slip, topple, to avoid”, then which is dynamic in space. It is emphasized that fast media flows in sociocultural landscapes dictate the creation of new methodological approaches.
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Finzel, Anna, and Hans-Georg Wolf. "Cultural conceptualizations of gender and homosexuality in BrE, IndE, and NigE." Metaphor Variation in Englishes around the World 4, no. 1 (September 22, 2017): 110–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cogls.4.1.06fin.
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Abstract With the spread of English in many parts of the world, numerous local varieties have emerged, shaped by the sociocultural contexts in which they are embedded. Hence, although English is a unifying element, these varieties express different conceptualizations that are deeply rooted in culture. For the most part, these conceptualizations come in the form of conceptual metaphors, which not only influence our perception of the world (Lakoff & Johnson 1980), but also reveal cultural specifics of a particular society. One of the latest approaches in the field of conceptual metaphor research suggests that conceptual metaphors are actually multimodal, i.e., that they are expressed not only in language, but also, e.g., in gestures, facial expressions, sounds or images (Forceville 2009). Films are an ideal source of data for such multimodal metaphors. In the form of a pilot study, this paper applies this novel approach to metaphor to the field of World Englishes. While adding to the range of research that has already used the methodological toolbox of Cognitive Linguistics or its cognate discipline Cultural Linguistics in the investigation of the cultural dimension of varieties of English (e.g., Kövecses 1995; Liu 2002; Malcolm & Rochecouste 2000; Sharifian 2006; Wolf 2001; Wolf & Polzenhagen 2009), we provide a new exploratory angle to that investigation by using cinematic material for the analysis. Specifically, this study focuses on conceptualizations pertaining to the target domains woman and homosexuality. The data we have selected are from Great Britain, India and Nigeria, because these countries have important film industries, and British English, Indian English and Nigerian English constitute culturally distinct varieties.
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Shen, Huijia. "A Study on the Readability of the English Versions of Chinese Red Tourism Based on Readers’ Response." Journal of Practical Studies in Education 2, no. 3 (April 13, 2021): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.46809/jpse.v2i3.23.
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The year 2021 is the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China. With the rapid development of red tourism in China, the importance of red publicity translation has become increasingly prominent. How to evaluate the readability of red publicity translation has gradually become a hot issue. Taking the English versions of Museum of the War of Chinese People’s Resistance against Japanese Aggression, Jinggangshan Revolution Museum, Chongqing Hongyan Revolution History Museum and Nanhu Revolution Memorial Museum as examples, this article collects 16 target language readers’ feedbacks on the red tourism publicity translations through questionnaire and interview. The results show that the readability of the translation is influenced by many factors such as the quality of the text, the length of the text and the background of the readers. Due to the lack of understanding of the target language and text functions, there are various problems in the translation of words, sentences and discourses. Studies show that the emphasis of the importance of target language readers in quality assessment of red tourism publicity texts may effectively prevent researchers from substituting their own subjective judgments for readers’ feedback, thus; it is important to provide a more readable publicity text. This article attempts to improve the readability of red publicity translation, so as to better promote Chinese red tourism and spread Chinese red culture.
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Guerrini, A. "Seroprevalence and Microbiological Monitoring in Eggs for Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis and Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium in Ornamental Chicken Flocks in Italy." Pakistan Veterinary Journal 41, no. 01 (March 1, 2021): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.29261/pakvetj/2020.095.
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Few data are available about the prevalence of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S.E.) and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S.T.) in ornamental poultry in Italy. The aim of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence for S.E. and S.T. using serological tests and the prevalence of Salmonella spp. in eggs by culture methods. For this purpose, 240 serum samples and 216 eggs were sampled from asymptomatic and unvaccinated ornamental hens reared in 24 farms, located in 8 different Italian regions. As screening test, a Tube Serum Agglutination test (TSA) was performed on 231 out of 240 serum samples. Four out of 24 farms (16.67%) were serologically positive for Salmonella spp. for a total of 10 samples. These positive samples were confirmed using an ELISA test and the results show that 5/231 (2.16%) and 7/231 (3.03%) serum samples were positive for S.E. and S.T. respectively, and 2/231 (0.87%) for both serotypes. Among all farms, 2/24 (8.33%) were positive for S.E. and 4/24 (16.67%) for S.T. The analysis of eggs using culture methods gave negative results for both yolk and shell pools (0/48, 0.0%). The seroconversion associated with exposure to S.E./S.T. in ornamental poultry, poses a potential public health problem. This study confirms that S.E. and S.T. are widespread in studied backyard poultry farms as asymptomatic form, and animals as potential reservoirs of Salmonella. It is necessary to inform farmers that a regular and periodic control of animals, eggs or meat, is very important to prevention of Salmonella foodborne infections and their spread.
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Härtinger, Heribert. "Zur Übersetzung textdeiktischer Verweise in normiertn Fachtexten: Ergebnisse einer empirischen Untersuchung an einem viersprachigen Korpus europäischer Patentschriften." Lebende Sprachen 64, no. 2 (November 5, 2019): 399–434. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/les-2019-0021.
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AbstractThe present study analyses patterns of textual deixis (also known as text deixis or discourse deixis) in scientific and technical texts. Its particular focus is on the translational implications arising from the use of text deixis in European patent specifications. Patent specifications are among the most frequently translated LSP genres. Their linguistic and technical complexity and their highly standardized language present a considerable challenge for the translator. My analysis examines patterns of intratextual and intertextual deictic reference typical of the language of patents. Taking a pragmatic approach, it asks the question which functional types they represent and how they can be processed by the translator. In this context, light is also shed on the benefits gained from using CAT tools for the translation of culture-specific deictic elements in patent specifications. The database is a corpus of 40 complete original (i. e. non-translated) texts covering four of the most important languages in the patent translation market: English, German, Spanish and Italian.
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Pettini, Silvia. "Auteurism and game localization — revisiting translational approaches." Culture & Society issue 4, no. 2 (December 31, 2015): 268–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ts.4.2.05pet.
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In the fertile ground between cinema and video games, Hideo Kojima’s Metal Gear Solid saga stands out for its auteur’s clear tendency to use film language and aesthetics and for his evident inspiration from pop culture and the American cinematic tradition. Moreover, the series is rich in quotations meant to pay tribute to cinema and communicate with movie-cultured players intertextually. With regard to the process of localization, auteurist references to film culture represent a constraint for translators rendering Kojima’s game into different languages for a Metal Gear Solid-educated audience. This paper presents a comparative analysis of some film quotations in their English into Italian and Spanish localizations of Kojima’s Metal Gear Solid series in order to demonstrate the importance of loyalty to the game experience as a whole within a translational-cultural approach to localization.
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Siqueira, Sávio, Lucilla Lopriore, and Enrico Grazzi. "ELF AWARENESS AND PEDAGOGICAL IMPLICATIONS IN ELT CLASSROOMS. INTRODUCTION TO SPECIAL ISSUE." Estudos Linguísticos e Literários 1, no. 65 (April 24, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.9771/ell.v1i65.36465.
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<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="section"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>The spread of English as the world's primary lingua franca (ELF) poses some challenging questions about the impact of ELF on English language teaching (ELT). The gap between the dominance of native-speaker oriented institutional curricula and the emergence of variable, context-bound forms of English in multilingual and multicultural communicative settings is plain to see, opening up an opportunity for researchers to explore new directions in which future studies might be heading in order to implement an ELF-aware pedagogic approach to English. The aim of this article is to analyse a selection of relevant data that have been collected through a teacher survey on the state of the art as regards ELT. The survey was administered in Italy (mainly at upper and lower secondary school level). In particular, the authors focus their attention on issues such as </span><span>learners’ errors, standard and non</span><span>-</span><span>standard English models, teachers’ </span><span>attitudes and beliefs, the use of authentic mater</span><span>ials, the encouragement of learners’ creativity, </span><span>learner assessment and evaluation. This study, part of an Italian national research project, has been carried out by one of the three teams constituting the study group, the one from Roma Tre University, whose main objective is to take into consideration the changing scenario of Global Englishes and open new paths to revisit teachers', learners' and publishers' beliefs and offer possible perspectives about classroom practices, assessment and evaluation, and material development.</span></p></div></div></div></div>
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Nakata Steffensen, Kenn. "Bullshit journalism and Japan: English-language news media, Japanese higher education policy, and Frankfurt’s theory of “bullshit”." Mutual Images Journal, no. 6 (June 20, 2019): 75–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.32926/2018.6.nak.bulls.
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The last sentence in Hans Christian Andersen’s fairy tale There is no doubt about it reads: ‘It got into the papers, it was printed; and there is no doubt about it, one little feather may easily grow into five hens.’ In September 2015 a process very similar to the rumour-mill in Andersen’s satire swept across the internet. An inaccurate–and on inspection highly implausible–report was picked up and amplified by several British and US news organisations. Thus, an improbable claim about the Japanese government’s decision to effectively abolish the social sciences and humanities quickly became established as a morally reprehensible truth. Once the ‘facts’ of the matter were reported by authoritative English-language media organisations, the outrage spread to other languages, and an online petition was launched to make the government ‘reconsider’ a decision it had not taken. In light of the ‘misunderstandings’ that had circulated in the foreign press, the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology eventually felt compelled to issue a statement, in English, to clarify that it had no intention of closing social science and humanities faculties. What transpired in these transactions between Times Higher Education, Bloomberg, the Wall Street Journal, Time, the Guardian, and other news outlets is of more than passing anecdotal interest. Consideration of the case offers insights into the dominant role of the English-using media in constituting Japan and Asia as an object of Western knowledge and of the part played in this by what Harry Frankfurt theorised as the sociolinguistic phenomenon of “bullshit”. The Times Higher Education article and the ones that followed were all examples of the “bullshit” that arguably increasingly proliferates in both journalistic and academic discourse, especially when “circumstances require someone to talk without knowing what he is talking about” (Frankfurt 2005: 63). It would appear that the kind of “bullshit journalism” represented by the global media storm in question is more likely to be produced when the West reports about ‘the rest’. The paper uses the case of the purported existential threat to the social science and humanities in Japan to discuss wider arguments about the role of ‘bullshit’ in journalistic and academic knowledge production and dissemination about the non-Western world.
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Кузьменко, Анастасія. "Zoonymic Peculiarity in Feature Cartoons for Children." PSYCHOLINGUISTICS 26, no. 2 (November 12, 2019): 190–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2309-1797-2019-26-2-190-207.
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Objective. The object of studying is the English texts of feature cartoons for children, while its subject is psycholinguistic peculiarity of zoonyms in feature cartoon texts. The main goal of the research is to find out the psycholinguistic organization of zoonyms in the English language feature cartoons for children. The objectives are to classify zoonyms’ origin, to differentiate sphere-sources and motivation of zoonym nomination, to highlight stylistic peculiarities of zoonyms.
Materials & Methods. Specific methods and techniques are determined by the purpose and material to be analyzed, such as induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, abstraction and concretization; longitudinal, processing and interpretation methods; psycholinguistic analysis; method of context-semantic analysis; the procedures of quantitative-qualitative calculations and the method of integral choice. Materials for the research are gathered from Paramount Pictures production, Dream Works animation, Universal Studio, Walt Disney production and the selection is the English feature cartoons for children, such as ‘The Lion King’, ‘Balto’, ‘Kung Fu Panda’, ‘Madagascar’, ‘Alpha and Omega’, ‘Shreck’, ‘Ferdinand’, ‘Puppy Dog pals’, ‘Ice Age’ etc.
Results. The article dwells upon the psycholinguistic aspect of zoonyms in the English language feature cartoons for children. In the sense of changing the direction of linguistics from language to speech and communication, it is impossible to consider linguistics excluding the anthropological factors such as mentality, culture, behaviour and development of a man individually and of mankind as a whole. In this paper, the ways of forming a world view of a man are presented, which is also formed by a linguistic world view, fauna is distinguished as an emerging element of knowledge influencing on human’s cognition. Taking into account the fact that the world view about fauna is formed in the person’s mind from the first days of life observing nature, listening to the lullabies, watching cartoons, the object of this study is feature cartoons for children, and the subject is zoonyms. In the course of the research, methods and techniques such as induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, abstraction and concretization, the method of material sampling, quantitative calculation procedure are used to determine the frequency of this phenomenon usage. As a result, it is found that in the English language feature films for children, the names of the English, Scottish, Spanish, French, Italian, German, Chinese, Latin and Greek origins are used in zoonymy. Spheres-sources of zoonymy are multi-anthroponyms, single anthroponyms, toponyms, names of products, fitonyms and actual names of breeds and classes of animals. Nominative motivation is outlined by external features, behaviour, application of an animal, its breed and class. Stylistic peculiarities of zoonymy in the English language feature cartoons for children are such figures as the epithet, the metaphor, the personification and the euphony.
Conclusion. The article is the basis for further research in linguistics, anthropological linguistics, psycholinguistics, sociolinguistics, biovital linguistics and onomastics.