Relevant bibliographies by topics / Spray oils

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Academic literature on the topic 'Spray oils'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Spray oils"

1

Beattie, GAC, EA Roberts, LE Rippon, and CL Vanhoff. "Phytotoxicity of petroleum spray oils to Valencia orange, Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck, in New South Wales." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 29, no. 2 (1989): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9890273.

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The phytotoxicity of petroleum oil sprays to Vakncia orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) on Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. rootstocks was investigated at Kulnura and at Griffith, New South Wales. Four narrow-range petroleum oils, designated as 206, 212, 214 and 238 oils, were applied as high volume sprays in 3 consecutive years. Annual sprays were applied during the spring, summer and autumn months of November, February and April. Some treatments were sprayed once each year, others twice. The single spray per year treatments involved concentrations of 1.2 or 2% of each oil in February or 2% of the 212, 214 and 238 oils in November or in April. A total concentration of 3.2% oil per year of the 2 12,2 14 and 238 oils was applied in February (2%) and in November of the previous year (1.2%) or in April (1.2%) to the double spray treatments. The effect of the sprays on yield variables, percentage juice, �Brix (w/w sucrose), anhydrous citric acid, rind colour and oil content was studied. Rind colour was not affected by any treatment at either location. Significant (P< 0.05), though inconsistent, effects on other characteristics of fruit quality were found. Increase in 50% distillation temperature and rate of application of oils tended to decrease �Brix. The oils did not significantly affect yield at Kulnura. At Griffith, 2% sprays of 238 oil significantly reduced yield by reducing the number of fruit. At both locations, trees sprayed with 2% oil in April tended to have lower yields than those sprayed in November or February at the same rate. The effect of sprays with total concentrations of 3.2% was variable. The 238 oil was the only oil considered to be potentially phytotoxic. This type of oil should not be used at concentrations > 2% from March to November or in consecutive years at any time. They can be used from late spring to early autumn in consecutive years at 1.2%. Variation in the phytotoxicity of oils between locations in south-eastern Australia appears to be related to variation in night temperatures in summer and early autumn which affect flower initiation.
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Riedl, H., and P. W. Shearer. "Pear, Comparison of Superior Spray Oils, 1986." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 12, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/12.1.68.

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Abstract A 4.4 acre 60-year-old commercial pear block was subdivided into 4 equal-sized plots to accommodate 3 different oil treatments and a check where no oil was applied. Volck Supreme was compared to 2 experimental spray oils which differed in terms of viscosity and emulsifiers. Oils were applied 28 Feb (dormant) together with flowable sulfur at 1 gal/acre; 14 Mar (delayed dormant) together with Ambush 2EC at 12 oz/acre and Lorsban 4E at 20 oz/acre; 29 May (1st cover) together with Guthion 50WP at 1.25 lb/acre. Otherwise, a standard insecticide and fungicide program was used throughout the test block. Sprays were applied dilute by an Aerofan sprayer delivering 200 gal/acre. Treatments were evaluated for PP control by beating tray counts of adults (25 trays/treatment) and nymph counts on spur (19 May) and shoot (24 Jun) leaves (108/treatment). Leaves were examined under a stereo microscope.
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Mohammed, Nameer Khairullah, Chin Ping Tan, Yazid Abd Manap, Belal J. Muhialdin, and Anis Shobirin Meor Hussin. "Spray Drying for the Encapsulation of Oils—A Review." Molecules 25, no. 17 (August 26, 2020): 3873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25173873.

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The application of the spray drying technique in the food industry for the production of a broad range of ingredients has become highly desirable compared to other drying techniques. Recently, the spray drying technique has been applied extensively for the production of functional foods, pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals. Encapsulation using spray drying is highly preferred due to economic advantages compared to other encapsulation methods. Encapsulation of oils using the spray drying technique is carried out in order to enhance the handling properties of the products and to improve oxidation stability by protecting the bioactive compounds. Encapsulation of oils involves several parameters—including inlet and outlet temperatures, total solids, and the type of wall materials—that significantly affect the quality of final product. Therefore, this review highlights the application and optimization of the spray drying process for the encapsulation of oils used as food ingredients.
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Vivek, R., P. Raghu, K. Pitchandi, and N. Nallusamy. "Review Study on Spray Cone Angle in Diesel Engine Fuelled with Biodiesel and its Derivatives." Advanced Materials Research 984-985 (July 2014): 938–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.984-985.938.

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— There are so many articles related to the review on diesel and biodiesel such as edible and inedible vegetable oils, performance and exhaust emissions of diesel engine fuelled with biodiesel oil and its derivatives. Spray characteristics was not considered in those reviews. In this study spray characteristics in diesel engine fuelled with biodiesel oil and its derivatives and diesel will be reviewed. Edible vegetable oils, soybean oil and rapeseed oil were mainly investigated. Inedible jatropha oil, used frying oil and palm oil was investigated in diesel engine. Spray cone angle were examined among the macroscopic spray characteristics.
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Cranshaw, Whitney S., Rick J. Zimmerman, and Darryl Patrick. "Control of Elm Leaf Beetle Larvae and Eggs with Spray Oils, 1988." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 14, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/14.1.341.

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Abstract Evaluations were made of Scalecide foliar spray oil for control of elm leaf beetle eggs and larvae. Larval evaluations were made by counting larvae on 5 branch terminals/treatment on 24 Jun. Foliar applications were made immediately following the count by spraying until run-off. Very hot, dry conditions existed at the time of treatment. At 4 DAT, the marked terminals were counted again. Mortality was corrected by using Abbott’s formula. Evaluations of spray oils against egg stages were done in a similar manner. Twelve recently laid egg masses for each treatment were marked and sprays were applied 28 Jul. After all eggs had hatched, egg masses were removed and examined in the laboratory.
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Johnson, Warren T. "Horticultural Oils." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 3, no. 4 (December 1, 1985): 188–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-3.4.188.

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Horticultural oils are among the safest of pesticides. Lack of product identification through the label makes it difficult for the field user to know what product was actually used in experimental studies. A minimum standard for product identification is suggested. Phytotoxicity, while relatively uncommon, continues to cause fears on the part of nurserymen and spray contractors. Factors that must be taken into account before spraying oil include dosage, timing with regard to plant phenological development and climatic conditions, and an awareness of sensitive plant species. A list of sensitive plants is given. A new expression of pesticide resistance through the thickening of the test of certain armored scales was observed.
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Aini, Resmi, Rina Widiastuti, and Nuha Afra Nadhifa. "UJI EFEKTIFITAS FORMULA SPRAY DARI MINYAK ATSIRI HERBA KEMANGI (Ocimum Sanctum L ) SEBAGAI REPELLENT NYAMUK Aedes aegypti." Jurnal Ilmiah Manuntung 2, no. 2 (January 27, 2017): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.51352/jim.v2i2.66.

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Dengue fever is transmitted by the bite of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes infected with denguevirus. Preparations antinyamuk much use of harmful chemicals such as DEET (diethylmetatoluamide) and permethrin that can lead to pollution of the environment, leavingno residue and cause resistance to the drug. To determine the activity of essential oils from herbs basil (Ocimum Sanctum L) in the preparation of spray as a mosquito repellent and determine the effective concentrationof the spray.This type of research is True experiment with design Post Test Only Control Group Design. Repellent activity was observed by means of spray is sprayed on the back of the hand probandus, then tested on female mosquitoes with the introduction into the cage containing20 mosquitoes each treatment. Spray essential oils showed repellent activity of Aedes aegypti with a value of correlation r = 0.964 higher concentration of essential oils the fewer mosquitoes that land. Spray herbal essential oil of basil (Ocimum basilicum L) has a repellent activitycompared to the negative control. The effectiveness of the herb basil essential oil sprayobtainedat 74.131 ppm lC50 and lC90 of 775.711 ppm
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Nguyen, Thi Thu Trang, Thi Van Anh Le, Nhu Ngoc Dang, Dan Chi Nguyen, Phu Thuong Nhan Nguyen, Thanh Truc Tran, Quang Vinh Nguyen, Long Giang Bach, and Dung Thuy Nguyen Pham. "Microencapsulation of Essential Oils by Spray-Drying and Influencing Factors." Journal of Food Quality 2021 (June 24, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5525879.

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Essential oils (EOs) are known as any aromatic oily organic substances which are naturally synthesized in plants. Exhibiting a broad range of biological activities, EOs have played a key role in numerous industries for ages, including pharmaceutical, textile, and food. However, the volatility and high sensitivity to environmental influences pose challenges to the application of EOs on industrial scale. Microencapsulation via the spray-drying method is one of the promising techniques to overcome these challenges, thanks to the presence of wall materials that properly protect the core EOs from oxidation and evaporation. By optimization of key factors related to the infeed emulsion properties and spray-drying process, the encapsulation efficiency and retention of encapsulated EOs could be significantly improved, thus allowing a wide range of EO applications. This review attempts to discuss on different determining factors of the spray-drying process to develop an effective encapsulation formula for EOs. Furthermore, recent applications of encapsulated EOs in the fields of foods, pharmaceuticals, and textile industries are also thoroughly addressed.
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Furness, Geoffrey O., David A. Walker, Paul G. Johnson, and Louis A. Riehl. "High resolution g.l.c. specifications for plant spray oils." Pesticide Science 18, no. 2 (1987): 113–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ps.2780180205.

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Utami, Faikah Dyah, and Arif Budi Setianto. "AKTIVITAS REPELLENT FORMULASI SEDIAAN SPRAY KOMBINASI MINYAK ATSIRI SERAI (Cymbopogon winterianus), DAUN KEMANGI (Ocimum basilicum) DAN NILAM (Pogostemon Cablin) BESERTA UJI PREFERENSINYA." Jurnal Ilmiah Ibnu Sina (JIIS): Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan 6, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.36387/jiis.v6i1.631.

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Plants that are played as mosquito repellents, one of which is plants that contain essential oils, such as lemongrass, basil and patchouli. As an effort to make it easier to use, this research will make a spray repellent preparation with a combination of active ingredients from essential oils of lemongrass, basil and patchouli. The research methods included making a spray repellent using essential oils of lemongrass, basil, patchouli every 0.1 ml (5 concentrations %), 0.2 ml (10% concentration), 0.3 ml (15% concentration) and the additives 1ml Propylene glycol and 5 ml 96% Ethanol which functions as a solvent. The experiment used five treatments, namely: Negative control (Kn), Formula A (0.1ml), Formula B (0.2ml), Formula C (0.3ml), and Positive Control (Kp). The parameters tested included pH test, patch test, organoleptic, specific gravity, emulsion stability, preference and percentage of protective power. The protective power test was carried out 10 times from each treatment for 6 hours of observation (0-1 hours, 1-2 hours, 2-3 hours, 3-4 hours, 4-5 hours and 5-6 hours). The results showed that the best spray expulsion treatment was formula B with a concentration of 10% (0.2 ml)
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Spray oils"

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Jones, Elizabeth. "Electrostatic enhancement of lipase catalysed hydrolysis in a spray reactor." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387888.

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Castañeda-Rieckhof, Lucia, and Alejandro Antonio Fiocco-Bertello. "Estudio de prefactibilidad para la instalación de una planta productora de aceite de oliva (Olea europaea) extra virgen en spray." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad de Lima, 2017. http://repositorio.ulima.edu.pe/handle/ulima/5251.

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virgen en spray para cocinar y para consumo directo. Utilizará una novedosa tecnología que evita el contacto entre el gas y el aceite y se orienta a un segmento de la sociedad que busque un producto saludable y de propiedades organolépticas agradables. Con relación al mercado para este producto el consumo interno va en aumento gracias a una tendencia creciente a consumir productos de estas características, proyectando al 2021 una demanda potencial de 807 toneladas de este producto. Sin embargo, considerando la competencia en el sector al que se dirige este producto y su intención e intensidad de compra, estimamos que la demanda del proyecto para el 2017 será de 21.46 toneladas del producto y para el 2021, 53 toneladas. Respecto a la localización de la planta, la provincia más adecuada luego de realizar un ranking de factores es Arequipa. Esto se debe a que, junto con Tacna, su producción de aceitunas es la más alta del Perú y la cercanía a la materia prima es vital. Su mayor proximidad a Lima a comparación a Tacna es lo que la define como el lugar más adecuado. La planta se localizará en el distrito Arequipa.
Trabajo de investigación
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Liang, Weiguang, University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Environment College, and of Science Food and Horticulture School. "Impact of horticultural mineral oil and synthetic pesticides on arboreal and soil fauna biodiversity within citrus orchard ecosystems." THESIS_CSTE_SFH_Liang_W.xml, 2002. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/121.

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The results of the 3-year project successfully indicated that petroleum-derived spray oils can be used for effective control of a range of citrus pests including citrus leafminer, Asiatic citrus psyllid, chaff scale, red scale, citrus red mite. The results suggested that it should be possible, through use of horticultural and agricultural mineral oils and enhanced natural enemy activity, to reduce the number of pesticide sprays applied annually in China from 14-16 sprays to significantly fewer sprays in most regions. The results are also valuable as references for the implementation of citrus integrated pest management programs in Australia and other citrus-growing countries. However, despite extensive use of PDSOs in citrus and other crops since the late 1800s, few studies have been undertaken to determine their disruptive effects on orchard ecosystems or to compare their effects with those of synthetic pesticides, and these studies are limited in their sc
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Liang, Weiguang. "Impact of horticultural mineral oil and synthetic pesticides on arboreal and soil fauna biodiversity within citrus orchard ecosystems." Thesis, View thesis, 2002. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/121.

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The results of the 3-year project successfully indicated that petroleum-derived spray oils can be used for effective control of a range of citrus pests including citrus leafminer, Asiatic citrus psyllid, chaff scale, red scale, citrus red mite. The results suggested that it should be possible, through use of horticultural and agricultural mineral oils and enhanced natural enemy activity, to reduce the number of pesticide sprays applied annually in China from 14-16 sprays to significantly fewer sprays in most regions. The results are also valuable as references for the implementation of citrus integrated pest management programs in Australia and other citrus-growing countries. However, despite extensive use of PDSOs in citrus and other crops since the late 1800s, few studies have been undertaken to determine their disruptive effects on orchard ecosystems or to compare their effects with those of synthetic pesticides, and these studies are limited in their sc
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Greving, Daniel James. "Residual stresses and thermal spray coating performance /." Access abstract and link to full text, 1995. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.library.utulsa.edu/dissertations/fullcit/9610608.

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Hengelmolen, Rudy. "Studies of interfacial diffusion of partly water-soluble compounds in oil-in-water emulsions." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294366.

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Carvalho, Ana Gabriela da Silva 1987. "Microencapsulação de óleo de café verde por spray drying a partir de emulsões estabilizadas por lecitina e quitosana." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/255175.

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Orientadores: Miriam Dupas Hubinger, Vanessa Martins da Silva
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T08:01:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carvalho_AnaGabrieladaSilva_M.pdf: 18654651 bytes, checksum: b9cbc1f805b1d0974af4067819e06088 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Resumo: O óleo de café verde merece destaque na área cosmética por sua capacidade de bloquear a radiação solar UVB (290-320 nm) e por suas propriedades emolientes. Nesse contexto, para melhor aproveitar as propriedades desse óleo e aumentar a sua estabilidade oxidativa, pretendeu-se com este trabalho produzir micropartículas de óleo de café verde, pelo processo físico de spray drying. Como agentes encapsulantes foram utilizados lecitina, um fosfolipídeo de caráter aniônico quando em pH 3,0, quitosana, um polissacarídeo de caráter catiônico também em pH 3,0 e solúvel somente em sistemas ácidos diluídos, além de sólidos de xarope de milho ou amidos modificados derivados do milho, HiCap 100 e Snow-Flake. O preparo das emulsões foi feito através da técnica de estabilização por atração eletrostática de cargas opostas entre a lecitina e a quitosana. Com o propósito de se obter emulsões com dupla camada estáveis à separação de fase, foi utilizado um rotor-estator e um homogeneizador a alta pressão. As emulsões foram analisadas quanto à estabilidade, distribuição de tamanho e diâmetro médio das gotas, microscopia ótica, potencial zeta e comportamento reológico. As emulsões preparadas com Snow-Flake e xarope de milho/Snow-Flake (50/50) apresentaram comportamento pseudoplástico, além de apresentarem os maiores diâmetros de gota variando de 3,70 a 5,19 µm. Contudo, as emulsões com xarope de milho, HiCap 100 e xarope de milho/HiCap 100 (50/50) apresentaram comportamento de fluidos Newtonianos e diâmetros menores de gota, entre 1,15 e 1,51 µm. Para o processo de secagem foi utilizado um secador laboratorial do tipo mini spray dryer, com temperatura do ar de secagem de 170 °C. As micropartículas obtidas foram caracterizadas em relação ao conteúdo de umidade, atividade de água, distribuição de tamanho e diâmetro médio de partículas e microestrutura. Além disso, foram também determinados: a eficiência de encapsulação, o fator de proteção solar in vitro das micropartículas e estabilidade oxidativa pelo método Rancimat. As micropartículas apresentaram diâmetro entre 14,51 e 29,19 µm e excelentes valores de eficiência de encapsulação, superiores a 84%. As partículas produzidas com os amidos modificados apresentaram formato esférico sem rachaduras ou poros, já as micropartículas produzidas com somente xarope de milho apresentaram alguns poros e rachaduras, que causaram a menor estabilidade oxidativa dessas micropartículas. As micropartículas produzidas com HiCap 100 e xarope de milho/HiCap 100 (50/50) estabilizadas por lecitina-quitosana apresentaram maior estabilidade oxidativa. O fator de proteção das partículas variou entre 1,37 e 2,45, sendo de 2,12 para o óleo de café verde puro
Abstract: The green coffee oil stands out for its ability to block the UVB radiation (290-320 nm) and its emollient property. In this context, to improve the properties of this oil and increase its stability, the aim of this work was to produce microparticles of green coffee oil by spray drying. Encapsulating agents used were lecithin, a phospholipid with anionic character at pH 3.0, chitosan, a polysaccharide with cationic character also in pH 3.0 and soluble only in diluted acid solutions and corn syrup solids or corn modified starches as HiCap 100 and Snow-Flake. Emulsions preparation involved the technique of stabilization by electrostatic attraction between lecithin and chitosan. A rotor-stator homogenizer and a high pressure homogenizer were used in order to obtain stable emulsions by electrostatic layer-by-layer deposition. The emulsions were analyzed in relation to stability, size distribution and droplet diameter, optical microscopy, zeta potential and rheological behavior. The emulsions prepared with Snow-Flake and corn syrup/Snow-Flake (50/50) showed pseudoplastic behavior, besides having the biggest droplet diameters ranging from 3.70 to 5.19 µm. However emulsions prepared with corn syrup, HiCap 100 and corn syrup/HiCap 100 (50/50) showed Newtonian behavior and smaller droplet diameters ranging from 1.15 to 1.51 µm. For the drying process, a laboratory spray dryer and air temperature of 170 °C were used. Microparticles were characterized with respect to moisture content, water activity, particle size distribution and microstructure. Furthermore, encapsulation efficiency, sun protection factor in vitro and oxidative stability by the Rancimat method were determined. The microparticles had a diameter ranging from 14.51 and 29.19 µm and high values of encapsulation efficiency, above 84%. The particles produced with modified starches showed spherical shape without cracks or pores and those produced with only corn syrup showed some holes and cracks, that caused lower oxidative stability of these microparticles. The microparticles produced with HiCap 100 and corn syrup/HiCap 100 (50/50) stabilized by lecithin-chitosan showed the highest oxidative stability. The sun protection factor of particles ranged from 1.37 and 2.45 and 2.12 for the pure green coffee oil
Mestrado
Engenharia de Alimentos
Mestra em Engenharia de Alimentos
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Fernandes, Luciana Pinto. "Desenvolvimento tecnológico de produtos particulados obtidos a partir de Lippia sidoides pela técnica de spray drying e avaliação das propriedades antifúngicas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/60/60137/tde-13022009-145228/.

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A Lippia sidoides é planta largamente difundida nas práticas da medicina popular no Brasil, sendo utilizada como anti-séptico de uso tópico, fato justificável pela presença de timol. Como estratégia para a obtenção de novos produtos com atividade antimicrobiana, a partir de fonte vegetal, o presente estudo visou o desenvolvimento tecnológico de extratos secos padronizados e a encapsulação do óleo essencial dessa planta, através da técnica de secagem por atomização (spray drying). Para obtenção dos extratos secos padronizados, utilizou-se metodologia capaz de avaliar a qualidade da matéria-prima vegetal, das ações de transformação, dos produtos intermediários e do produto final. A solução extrativa foi obtida a partir das folhas secas e moídas dessa planta, empregando-se o método de extração por maceração dinâmica, avaliando-se alguns fatores que influenciavam sua eficiência. A solução extrativa selecionada foi submetida à secagem por atomização, investigando-se a combinação de adjuvantes tecnológicos sobre o desempenho do equipamento e sobre características físico-químicas do produto obtido. Além disso, avaliou-se a atividade antifúngica in vitro dos extratos secos, confirmando-se o efeito antimicrobiano dos mesmos. Para a encapsulação do óleo essencial de Lippia sidoides, utilizou-se a técnica de spray drying (método físico) e a inclusão molecular com -ciclodextrina (método químico) com subseqüente secagem por spray drying. Na microencapsulação por spray drying foi utilizado um conteúdo de óleo de 20 e 25% em relação ao material de parede. Como material de parede foram empregadas diferentes proporções de maltodextrina DE 10 e goma-arábica, sendo as emulsões de alimentação atomizadas até à concentração de 60% de sólidos totais. A eficiência da encapsulação foi avaliada através da quantidade específica de óleo essencial encapsulado nas micropartículas, sendo obtido valor máximo de 65%, dependente das condições experimentais empregadas. Observou-se existir teor de sólidos ótimo (50%) e relação entre o aumento da retenção de óleo total e as maiores concentrações de goma-arábica nas emulsões de alimentação, sendo que todas as micropartículas demonstraram atividade antifúngica. A inclusão molecular do óleo essencial, através de sua complexação com moléculas de -ciclodextrina exibiu eficiência de encapsulação de até 70%. As diferentes proporções de óleo essencial e -ciclodextrina testadas influenciaram esses resultados, sendo que menores retenções foram observadas quando maiores quantidades de óleo foram adicionadas às suspensões de alimentação. Pelas análises térmicas foi possível demonstrar a mais alta estabilidade térmica dos produtos encapsulados (micropartícula/complexo de inclusão) comparados ao óleo essencial original. Os dados adquiridos durante os estudos de desenvolvimento de produtos secos, a partir de Lippia sidoides, indicaram o potencial desses como agentes antimicrobianos naturais para fins medicinais, representando assim, alternativa para o aproveitamento da espécie vegetal pelo setor farmacêutico.
Lippia sidoides is an aromatic shrub widely used in a folk medicine in Brazil as local antiseptic, justified by thymol presence as the major constituent of its essential oil. As strategy for production of new antifungal herbal products, the present study aimed the technological development of Lippia sidoides standardized spray dried extracts as well as the encapsulation of its essential oil by spray drying/ molecular inclusion. In order to obtain the standardized dried extract, process control parameters of manufacturing operations were established and they were continuously tracked to provide reproducibility from batch-to-batch and to assure productsquality. Extraction (maceration) from Lippia sidoides leaves was used to produce thymol-containing liquid extracts. Optimal extraction conditions were determined and the selected extractive solution was spray dried. Effect of different carrier ratios on physicochemical and antifungal properties of dried extracts was evaluated. Lippia sidoides dried extract showed an important antifungal effect against the tested strains. Lippia sidoides essential encapsulation was carried out by spray drying technique (physical method) and molecular inclusion within -cyclodextrin (chemical method) followed by spray drying of the slurries in order to produce inclusion complex in a powder form. For microencapsulation by spray drying, maltodextrin DE 10 and gum arabic in different were used as carrier. Content of essential oil related to carrier was 20 and 25% in weight and the emulsions were atomized from 30% up to 60% of total solid concentration. Encapsulation efficiency was estimated through determination of the content of essential oil in the microcapsules and a maximum value obtained was 65%, depending on experimental parameters adopted. An optimal solid content of the encapsulating composition (50%) was observed. The increase of gum arabic amount in the infeed emulsion was related to the increase in the total oil retention in the microparticles. Antifungal activities of microparticles were evaluated, evidencing their potential as important antifungal agent. For inclusion complex formation between essential oil and -cyclodextrin, the encapsulation efficiency was up to 70%. The entrapment ability was influenced by the different essential oil: -cyclodextrin ratios tested. A decreasing tendency in the total oil content was observed, when the initial amount of added oil was increased. The greater thermal stability of the encapsulated products (microparticles/ inclusion complexes) in comparison to the original oil was confirmed by thermal analysis. The finding acquired during the development of Lippia sidoides dried products indicated their potential as natural antimicrobial agent for medicinal propose and provided evidences which support the use of such plant specimen by pharmaceutical industry.
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Lourenço, Ana Sofia Casanova. "Fucopol as encapsulating matrix of bioactive compounds." Master's thesis, ISA/UL, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/8514.

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Mestrado em Engenharia Alimentar - Instituto Superior de Agronomia
FucoPol is an exopolysaccharide produced by the Enterobacter A47, using glycerol byproduct from the biodiesel industry as carbon source. In this work, the potential of this biopolymer to produce microparticles and to encapsulate bioactive compounds by spray drying was studied. The particles were characterized in terms of morphology (Scanning Electron Microscopy), crystallinity (X-Ray Diffraction), chemical characteristics (Fourier Transform Infrared), and thermal properties (Thermogravimetric Analysis and Differential Scanning Calorimetry). FucoPol was able to form spherical microcapsules (size from 0.5 to 26.7 μm) with a thin wall (thickness from 222 to 1094 nm) and a smooth surface. A population of small particles with dented surfaces was obtained. The microcapsules presented an amorphous structure. Gallic acid (GA) and oregano essential oil (OEO) were encapsulated using FucoPol as wall material. The bioactive loading was 12.2 wt.% and 3.1 wt.% for OEO and GA, respectively. Additionally, the encapsulation efficiency was 20% for OEO and 5.3% for GA. The release profile in simulated gastric (SGF) and intestinal (SIF) fluids revealed a total release, except for the GA in SGF, where 68% retention was observed. The compounds antioxidant capacity was not affected by the encapsulation process. From the results obtained, FucoPol reveals a good potential as microcapsules forming and encapsulating material
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Mascarenhas, Maria Cristina Chiarinelli Nucci 1974. "Produção, caracterização e aplicação de micropartículas de óleos totalmente hidrogenados como sementes de cristalização em sistemas lipídios compostos por óeo de palma." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/254696.

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Orientador: Lireny Aparecida Guaraldo Gonçalves
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T06:01:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mascarenhas_MariaCristinaChiarinelliNucci_D.pdf: 11179206 bytes, checksum: 71bb9c37c16718133e785f77c3b3fa2a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015
Resumo: O uso de gorduras vegetais em alimentos é amplo e muitas matérias primas, tecnologias e ingredientes são continuamente pesquisados em busca de funcionalidade e aspectos nutricionais mais adequados, ampliando o uso destas gorduras e melhorando a qualidade dos produtos finais. Uma das técnicas utilizadas para adequar a lenta cristalização do óleo de palma é o uso do processo de semeadura com óleos totalmente hidrogenados (OTH). O presente trabalho se refere à obtenção de cristais de OTH de soja ou de palma microencapsulados em material de parede amido de milho ¿OSA (AMM) ou maltodextrina (MD), em diversas proporções por spray drying. Estas micropartículas apresentaram tamanho de partícula (7,8-9,7µm), eficiência de encapsulação (61,8-89,6%) e morfologia características de produtos por spray dryer, além de manterem o polimorfismo original do material de recheio. Os OTH microencapsulados com quantidade de material de recheio superior (60%) apresentaram maior dificuldade de produção. Na aplicação em óleo de palma puro foram observadas a indução de cristalização e a formação de uma rede homogênea, densa e com poucos aglomerados. Os OTH de soja (45%) microencapsulados em MD e AMM inibiram a formação de polimorfos ? na mistura de óleo de palma. Os OTH microencapsulados com menor quantidade de recheio (30%), apresentaram comportamento de não liberação total do material de recheio nas aplicações, porém, atuaram como sementes de cristalização e influenciaram na transição polimórfica para forma ?. O OTH de soja (30%) microencapsulado em AMM, em sistemas de óleo de palma e açúcar auxiliou na textura e na redução de exsudação de óleo. Os OTH de soja (45%) microencapsulados em AMM e MD aplicados em emulsão A/O desempenharam papel de estruturantes e estabilizantes. Em geral, as micropartículas produzidas com AMM e OTH de soja apresentaram melhores desempenhos. A forma de dispersão ao meio dos cristais de OTH presentes nas micropartículas permitiu a formação de uma rede cristalina mais homogênea, acelerando o processo de cristalização, aumentando a consistência do óleo de palma no meio aplicado. E aos meios específicos, favoreceu a estabilidade em relação à separação de fase de emulsões, como margarinas e cremes, e reduziu a exsudação de óleo em sistemas anidros hidrofóbicos, a exemplo de recheios de biscoitos e de bombons, problemas de processo e qualidade de produto muito indesejável. Além disto, o uso destas micropartículas promove valores de consistência adequados e resistentes a oscilações térmicas, com ausência de ácidos graxos trans. Estas micropartículas podem servir como carreadoras de compostos lipofílicos com caráter nutracêutico se estes forem microencapsulados conjuntamente com o OTH, desempenhando função tecnológica e nutricional com facilidade de manuseio, estocagem e aplicação por estarem na forma de pó
Abstract: The technique of seeding is a option for the oils and fats industry to adapt to the physical characteristics of oils adding nutritional improvements and desirable consistency, expanding its application. This research refers to production of fully hydrogenated oils (FHO) by spray drying with maltodextrina (MD) and modified corn starch¿OSA (MCS) as wall materials to obtain possible seeds of crystallization. FHO of palm and soybean were used in different proportions. These particles were evaluated by mean diameter (7.8-9.7?m), efficiency of encapsulation (61.8-89.6%), polymorphism (maintained the original polymorphism corresponding material filling) and morphological characteristics (spherical form with some surface depression). In palm oil application, these particles induced crystallization and formed an homogeneous and dense crystal network with few agglomerates. FHO of soybean microencapsulated (45%) in MD and MCS inhibited the formation of the ? polymorph in palm oil. The FHO microencapsulated with smaller amount of filled material (30%) acted as seeding and polymorphic transition to influence the ? form, although it partially released the filled material in applications. FHO of soybean microencapsulated (30%) in MCS was applied in palm oil with sugar systems, enhancing the texture and the reduction of oil exudation. FHO of soybean microencapsulated (45%) with MCS and with MD were applied in W/O emulsion, in which these particles were structural network and stabilizers. In general, the particles produced using MCS as wall material and FHO of soybean as filling material showed better performance. The arrangement of the dispersion throughout the FHO crystals present in the particles allowed the formation of a more homogeneous crystal lattice, accelerating the crystallization process, increasing palm oil consistency in the applied mean. In specific means, it favored stability in relation to the separation of emulsions phase, such as margarines and creams, reducing exudation oil in hydrophobic anhydrous systems, such as fillings of cookies and candies, which is a very undesirable product quality problem. Furthermore, the use of these particles promotes consistency and temperature variation stability containing no trans fatty acids. These particles can serve as a carrier for nutraceutical lipophilic compounds if they were microencapsulated together with the FHO. Therefore these particles, which are in the powder form, can perform technological and nutritional functions allowing ease handling, storage and application
Doutorado
Tecnologia de Alimentos
Doutora em Tecnologia de Alimentos
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Books on the topic "Spray oils"

1

Willett, Mike. Using horticultural spray oils to control orchard pests. Corvallis, Or: Oregon State University Extension Service, Washington State University Cooperative Extension, University of Idaho Cooperative Extension Service, and U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1988.

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Office, Energy Efficiency. Spray recuperation in oil-fired boiler plant. London: Department of the Environment, 1994.

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Aghil, S. S. Predictions of internal flow and charge injection for nozzles producing electrostatically atomized oil sprays. Manchester: UMIST, 1996.

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Davidson, Nita A. Managing Insects and Mites With Spray Oils (Publication). A N R Publications, 1991.

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Spray recuperation in oil-fired plant. Great Britain: Department of the Environment, 1994.

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Henton, Lee. 5 Minutes DIY Homemade Hand Sanitizer: A Step by Step Guide on How to Use Natural Essential Oils to Make Your Own Hand Sanitizer Gel and Spray Recipes to Protect Yourself from Bacteria and Viruses. Independently Published, 2020.

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Limited, Osprey Corporation, Great Britain. Energy Efficiency Office., and Atomic Energy Research Establishment. Energy Technology Support Unit., eds. Spray recuperation in oil-fired boiler plant: A demonstration with Osprey Corporation Limited. Harwell: ETSU, 1994.

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Hemsworth, Liam. CBD Oil Spray: Understanding How CBD Extrасt Are Turnеd Intо an oіl and Thеn Uѕеd As a Spray. Independently Published, 2019.

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Courtenay, Daisy. Essential Oils Gifts : 30 Wonderful Fragrant Presents for Everyone You Care about in Your Life: (Christmas Gifts 2018, Creams, Lotions, Bath Bombs, Sprays, Balms). Independently Published, 2018.

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Elliot, Patrick. Guide to Hair Braiding for Beginners: Braided Hairstyles Are Great for Less-Than-squeaky-clean Hair, but to Spruce up Your Oily Roots Between Washes You May Want to Try a Spray-on Dry Shampoo. Independently Published, 2021.

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Book chapters on the topic "Spray oils"

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Paula, Haroldo Cesar Beserra, Regina Celia Monteiro De Paula, Irisvan Da Silva Ribeiro, and Selene Maia De Morais. "Spray Drying Encapsulation of Essential Oils." In Spray Drying Encapsulation of Bioactive Materials, 183–210. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429355462-8.

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do Nascimento, Lidiane Diniz, Kauê Santana da Costa, Márcia Moraes Cascaes, and Eloisa Helena de Aguiar Andrade. "Encapsulation of Essential Oils by Spray-Drying: Antimicrobial Activity, and Applications in Food Preservation." In Essential Oils, 101–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99476-1_6.

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Geranpour, Mansoureh, Elham Assadpour, Seid Mahdi Jafari, and Cordin Arpagaus. "Spray Drying Encapsulation of Essential Fatty Acids and Functional Oils." In Spray Drying Encapsulation of Bioactive Materials, 211–40. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429355462-9.

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Risch, Sara J., and Gary A. Reineccius. "Spray-Dried Orange Oil." In ACS Symposium Series, 67–77. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1988-0370.ch008.

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Panchasara, Heena V. "Characteristics of Preheated Bio-Oils Sprays." In Nonlinear Approaches in Engineering Applications, 139–212. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27055-5_5.

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Tang, W., L. Yuan, D. Bahrami, and J. Rowland. "Water spray suppression of leaked oil fires: A numerical study." In Mine Ventilation, 309–16. London: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003188476-32.

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Guadarrama-Lezama, A. Y., L. Alamilla-Beltrán, E. Parada-Arias, M. E. Jaramillo-Flores, G. F. Gutiérrez-López, and L. Dorantes-Álvarez. "Antioxidant Activity of Microencapsulated Capsicum annuum Oily Extract Obtained by Spray Drying." In Food Engineering Series, 337–44. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2578-0_26.

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Castelani, Priscila, Marcelo Catani F. Antunes, and Franci L. S. Leal. "Oil Dispersion Formulations: Stability Assessment and Field Trials." In Pesticide Formulation and Delivery Systems: 35th Volume, Pesticide Formulations, Adjuvants, and Spray Characterization in 2014, 1–14. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp158720140129.

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Manoj, Ukamanal, P. C. Mishra, A. K. Sahoo, and Panigrahi Subhashree. "Experimental Investigation of Bio-Oil Based Nanofluid Spray Cooling During AISI 316 SS Turning." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 277–85. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6577-5_27.

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Moros, J. E., J. M. Franco, and C. Gallegos. "Rheological Behaviour of Oil-in-Water Emulsions Stabilized by a Spray-Dried Egg Product." In Progress and Trends in Rheology V, 195–96. Heidelberg: Steinkopff, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-51062-5_87.

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Conference papers on the topic "Spray oils"

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Yun, Sangsig, Minji Choi, and Ashwani Kumar. "Evaluation of Spray Performance of Pyrolysis Oil." In ASME Turbo Expo 2019: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2019-91742.

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Abstract Pyrolysis oil has become an important subject of research as it is considered to be a potential environmentally friendly and cheap alternative to conventional fossil fuels. Unfortunately, due to the significant differences of the chemical and physical properties of pyrolysis oil than that of fossil fuels, the deployment of pyrolysis oil in existing power systems such as gas turbines and internal combustion engines has been highly restricted. Thus, major research on pyrolysis oil has been conducted to overcome these challenges related to the unfavorable physical and chemical properties of pyrolysis oil. This paper reports experimental work on the effects of physical properties of the pyrolysis oil on spray performance of nozzles. Effort to evaluate the spray performance by using different types of atomizers has been made as well. Laser based diagnostics was applied to obtain qualitative comparisons spray characteristics of various pyrolysis oils. Experimental data such as the distribution of fuel droplet sizes and overall spray shapes was analyzed, which could provide valuable guidelines to design fuel nozzles. Lastly, the paper will also present NRC’s plans to accelerate the deployment of such pyrolysis oils in industrial gas turbines.
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Galle, Jonas, Joachim Demuynck, Jeroen Vancoillie, and Sebastian Verhelst. "Spray Parameter Comparison between Diesel and Vegetable Oils for Non-Evaporating Conditions." In SAE 2012 World Congress & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2012-01-0461.

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Bernard, Ronan, Patrick Foltyn, Anne Geppert, Grazia Lamanna, and Bernhard Weigand. "Generalized analysis of the deposition/splashing limit for one- and two-component droplet impacts upon thin films." In ILASS2017 - 28th European Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ilass2017.2017.4810.

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Single drop impacts on thin liquid layers are of particular interest because of the ejection of secondary droplets, theso-called splashing. Only a few studies handle the deposition/splashing limit for two-component interaction, where the liquid properties of the impacting drop and wall film differ significantly.This study aims at identifying a unified approach for one- and two-component interactions to determine the deposi- tion/splashing limit. Therefore, a large database of both interactions is considered, which includes data from litera- ture for one-component interactions plus the following binary combinations: hyspin-hexadecane, diesel-hexadecane and diesel-motor oil. Furthermore, a systematic study of two-component interactions with several silicon oils and hexadecane is performed. To map the outcomes, the Ohnesorge number Oh and the Reynolds number Re calcu- lated with arithmetically averaged fluid properties between droplet and wall film fluid are chosen. The dimensions- less film thickness δ is added to form a 3D plot, where one- and two-component experiments are combined.Existing correlations from the literature are revised regarding both interactions and their consistency is checked. The investigated range of high viscosity fluids allow us to propose an improvement of the correlation for high Oh. Our results show that the arithmetically averaged fluid properties lead to a good repartition of both one- and two- components interactions toward the deposition/splashing limit. They also corroborate the previous findings that an increase of δ inhibits splashing but its influence is decreasing with increasing Oh.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ILASS2017.2017.4810
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Cooper, Sean P., Zachary K. Browne, Sulaiman A. Alturaifi, Olivier Mathieu, and Eric L. Petersen. "Auto-Ignition of Gas Turbine Lubricating Oils in a Shock Tube Using Spray Injection." In ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-14987.

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Abstract In choosing the lubricating oil for a gas turbine system, properties such as viscosity, viscosity index, corrosion prevention, and thermal stability are chosen to optimize turbine longevity and efficiency. Another property that needs to be considered is the lubricant’s reactivity, as the lubricant’s ability to resist combustion during turbine operation is highly desirable. In evaluating a method to define reactivity, the extremely low vapor pressure of these lubricants makes conventional vaporization by heating impractical due to the high temperatures and fuel cracking as well as issues with preferential vaporization. To this end, a new experiment was designed and tested to evaluate the reactivity of lubricating oils using an existing shock-tube facility at Texas A&M University equipped with an automotive fuel injector. This experiment disperses a pre-measured amount of lubricant into a region of high-temperature air to study auto-ignition. To ensure proper dispersal, a laser extinction diagnostic was used to measure the lubricant particles behind the reflected shock as they are dispersed and vaporized. An OH* chemiluminescence diagnostic measuring light emitted during combustion at around 306 nm was used to determine ignition delay time. Pressure was also measured at the sidewall and endwall positions for test repeatability and exothermicity of the experiments. The methods were validated by conducting experiments with ethanol and comparing the results to previous heated shock-tube experiments conducted in the same facility. Using this method, various 32-, 36-, and 46-weight lubricants identified as widely used in the gas turbine industry were tested. Experiments were conducted in post-reflected shock conditions around 1370K (2006 °F) and 1.2 atm, where ignition delay time, peak OH* emission and time-to-peak values were recorded and compared. Ignition was observed for all but one of the lubricants at these conditions, and mild to strong ignition was observed for the other lubricants with varying ignition delay times.
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Jacobsen, Charlotte, Ann-Dorit Moltke Sorensen, and Betul Yesiltas. "Delivery systems for omega-3 oils." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/sedt7727.

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Research during the last four decades has demonstrated that oils rich in the highly polyunsaturated marine omega-3 fatty acids, EPA and DHA, have several health benefits. The positive health benefits of omega-3 fatty acids have led to increased use of omega-3 oils for functional foods. However, due to their polyunsaturated nature, omega-3 oils are highly susceptible to lipid oxidation, which decreases their nutritional value, gives rise to off-flavors and leads to the formation of toxic aldehydes during food enrichment and digestion. Development of delivery systems, which allows food fortification with omega-3 PUFAs is a possible strategy to reduce lipid oxidation. This presentation will discuss different types of delivery systems including low and high fat emulsions and micro-encapsulated fish oil using different encapsulation techniques such as spray drying and electrospraying. It will be discussed how different emulsifiers and encapsulating materials will affect the oxidative stability of the delivery emulsion.
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6

Quintanilla-Carvajal, Maria Ximena, M. Hernández-Carrión, M. Moyano-Molano, L. Ricaurte, and F. L. Moreno. "Effects of different drying methods on the physicochemical properties of powders obtained from high-oleic palm oil nanoemulsions." In 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7402.

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Nanoencapsulation is an efficient process to incorporate high nutritional oils, such as high oleic palm oil (HOPO). Several drying technologies can be applied for obtaining HOPO powders. The aim of this work was to study the effect of two different drying methods (spray-drying, SP and freeze-drying, FD) on some physical properties and microstructure of powders obtained from HOPO nanoemulsions. Results showed that FD powders presented lower aw and bulk density, and higher dissolution rate than SD powders. Results suggest that SD could be a more economical alternative to FD in order to obtain HOPO powders with low moisture and aw. Keywords: freeze-drying; high oleic palm oil; nanoemulsion; spray drying
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7

Chin, Ju Shan, and Li Xing Wang. "Experimental Study on Internal Mixing Sonic Flow Air Assist Atomizer for Heavy Oils." In ASME 1990 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/90-gt-006.

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Based on the experiences previously obtained from the experimental study of plain jet atomization under cross flowing air stream and under supersonic air flow, the authors designed and studied a serious of internal mixing sonic flow air assist atomizers for heavy oil application. The contradiction between the requirements for fine spray (for high combustion completeness) and for long flame (for flame rigidity) often existing in industrial furnace has been solved. Good data were obtained which can be used for the design of such kind atomizers. By properly choosing the configuration and geometrical dimensions of the atomizer, also by choosing suitable values for mixing chamber pressure, air–liquid ratio, it is possible to have very fine spray and desirable flame length. The results showed that the ratio of mixing chamber pressure to air supply pressure should be in the range of 0.6 to 0.7. For atmospheric pressure combustion furnace, such air assist atomizer needs 0.4 MPa compressed air to have sonic flow at nozzle exit. This type of air assist atomizer has already been put into industrial operation.
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Broumand, Mohsen, Murray J. Thomson, Sean Yun, and Zekai Hong. "Spray Characterization of a Preheated Bio-Oil Surrogate at Elevated Pressures." In ASME Turbo Expo 2022: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2022-80430.

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Abstract Atomization plays an important role in the gasification or combustion of bio-oils, where the atomizer parameters need to be properly controlled to efficiently atomize a highly viscous liquid at elevated pressures with imparting the least amount of kinetic energy to the discharged droplets because of evaporation and chemical reaction constraints. With a focus on bio-oil deployments in micro gas turbines (MGTs), an aqueous surrogate of a preheated bio-oil, injected from an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) twin-fluid atomizer, is used in the present study for spray size and velocity measurements at elevated pressures. The experiments were conducted in High Pressure Spray Facility of the National Research Council of Canada (NRC) using various optical diagnostics including laser sheet imaging (LSI), phase Doppler anemometry (PDA), and laser diffraction (LD). A scaling strategy was adopted to conserve the ranges of gas-to-liquid momentum flux ratio, M, at different working pressures, P. Over the range of conditions studied, it is found out that the cone angle of sprays is insensitive to P, but they decrease with increasing M. For a constant value of M, droplet mean diameters increase and their corresponding velocities decrease with increasing P, attributed to the effect of gas-to-liquid density ratio on the primary breakup of a liquid jet in a coaxial gas stream. Therefore, to predict the Sauter mean diameter of spray droplets, D32, a correlation previously reported in the literature is modified by including the effect of system air density at elevated pressures, and a novel correlation is proposed based on four dimensionless groups, namely gas Weber number and gas-to-liquid momentum flux ratio, density ratio, and viscosity ratio. The detailed results obtained in the present study could be used to define the optimal parameters required for twin-fluid atomization of high viscosity liquids with various atomization gases under realistic operating conditions and to enhance the capabilities of their numerical simulations.
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Ferreira, Manuel E. C., Jorge J. G. Martins, and Jose´ C. F. Teixeira. "Optimization of an Effervescent Atomizer to the Combustion of Residue Oils." In ASME 2005 Summer Heat Transfer Conference collocated with the ASME 2005 Pacific Rim Technical Conference and Exhibition on Integration and Packaging of MEMS, NEMS, and Electronic Systems. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2005-72427.

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This paper reports the geometrical optimization of an effervescent atomizer used in the combustion of used recycled oils. The objective was to obtain stable flames while minimizing the emission levels. A test facility was designed and constructed, which included: a furnace rated at a thermal input of 300 kW and a swirl generator as a part of the burner setup for the application of the effervescent atomizer. Other auxiliary facilities were also included, such as: cooling system, air supplies and pre-heating gas burner. Combustion tests were carried out with used recycled oil having a viscosity of 46 mm2/s (50°C) and a higher heating value of 44.6 MJ/kg. Results included qualitative observations of the ignition and flame stabilization, emission concentrations and LDA velocity measurements of the flow field produced by the swirl generator with and without flame. The results show a good performance of the swirl generator in the process of fuel/air mixing inside the furnace, which results in very low emission levels. The various tests carried out with different geometric configurations of the burning facility clearly suggest that the high velocity and penetration of the spray require an adequate design of the swirl generator and the nozzle orifice, in order to obtain a good air/fuel mixture inside the furnace.
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10

Cooper, Sean P., and Eric L. Petersen. "High-Temperature Ignition Kinetics of Gas Turbine Lubricating Oils." In ASME Turbo Expo 2021: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2021-60043.

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Abstract Lubricant ignition is a highly undesirable event in any mechanical system, and surprisingly minimal work has been conducted to investigate the auto-ignition properties of gas turbine lubricants. To this end, using a recently established spray injection scheme in a shock tube, two gas turbine lubricants (Mobil DTE 732 and Lubricant A from Cooper et al. 2020) were subjected to high-temperature, post-reflected-shock conditions, and OH* chemiluminescence was monitored at the sidewall location of the shock tube to measure ignition delay time (τign). A combination of an extended shock-tube driver and driver-gas tailoring were utilized to observe ignition between 1183 K and 1385 K at near-atmospheric pressures. A clear, two-stage-ignition process was observed for all tests with Mobil DTE 732, and both first and second stage τign are compared. Second stage ignition was found to be more indicative of lubricant ignition and was used to compare τign values with lubricant A. Both lubricants exhibit three ignition regimes: a high-temperature, Arrhenius-like regime (&gt; 1275 K); an intermediate, negative-temperature-coefficient-like regime (1230–1275 K); and a low-temperature ignition regime (&lt; 1230 K). Similar τign behavior in the high-temperature regime was seen for both lubricants, and a regression analysis using τign data from both lubricants in this region produced the Arrhenius expression τign(μs) = 4.4 × 10−14exp(96.7(kcal/mol)/RT). While lubricant A was found to be less reactive in the intermediate-temperature regime, Mobil DTE 732 was less reactive in the low-temperature regime. As the low-temperature regime is more relevant to gas turbine conditions, Mobil DTE 732 is considered more desirable for system implementation. Chemical kinetic modeling was also performed using n-hexadecane models (a lubricant surrogate suggested in the literature). The current models are unable to reproduce the three regimes observed and predict activation energies much lower than those observed in the high-temperature regime, suggesting n-hexadecane is a poor surrogate for lubricant ignition. Additionally, experiments were conducted with Jet-A for temperatures between 1145 and 1419 K around 1 atm. Good agreement is seen with both literature data and model predictions, anchoring the experiment with previously established τign measurement methods and calculations. A linear regression analysis of the Jet-A data produced the Arrhenius expression: τign(μs) = 6.39 × 10−5exp(41.4(kcal/mol)/RT).
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Reports on the topic "Spray oils"

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Mitchell, Brian G., Amir Neori, Charles Yarish, D. Allen Davis, Tzachi Samocha, and Lior Guttman. The use of aquaculture effluents in spray culture for the production of high protein macroalgae for shrimp aqua-feeds. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7597934.bard.

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The FAO has projected a doubling in world demand for seafood during the 21 ed from aquaculture of marine fish and shrimps fed primarily on fishmeal-based aquafeeds. However, current practices of high intensity monoculture of shrimp in coastal ponds and fish in offshore pens have been strongly criticized as being ecologically and socially unsustainable. This view derives from un- checked eutrophication of coastal marine ecosystems from fish farm effluents, and the destruction of coastal estuarine ecosystems by shrimp farm constructions, plus aquaculture’s reliance on wild-caught small fish - which are excellent food for humans, but instead are rendered into fishmeal and fish oil for formulating aquafeeds. Fishmeal-sparing and waste- reduction aquafeeds can only delay the time when fed aquaculture product are priced out of affordability for most consumers. Additionally, replacement of fishmeal protein and fish oil by terrestrial plant sources such as soybean meal and oil directly raises food costs for human communities in developing nations. New formulations incorporating sustainably-produced marine algal proteins and oils are growing in acceptance as viable and practical alternatives. This BARD collaborative research project investigated a sustainable water-sparing spray/drip culture method for producing high-protein marine macrophyte meals for incorporation into marine shrimp and fish diets. The spray culture work was conducted at laboratory-scale in the USA (UCSD-SIO) using selected Gracilariaand Ulvastrains isolated and supplied by UCONN, and outdoors at pilot-scale in Israel (IOLR-NCM) using local strains of Ulvasp., and nitrogen/phosphorus-enriched fish farm effluent to fertilize the spray cultures and produce seaweed biomass and meals containing up to 27% raw protein (dry weight content). Auburn University (USA) in consultation with TAMUS (USA) used the IOLR meals to formulate diets and conduct marine shrimp feeding trials, which resulted in mixed outcomes, indicating further work was needed to chemically identify and remove anti-nutritional elements present in the IOLR-produced seaweed meals.
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Kaufman, E. N., J. B. Harkins, M. Rodriguez, C. Tsouris, and P. T. Selvaraj. Biodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene and crude oil using electro-spray reactors. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/383027.

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Sapit, Azwan, Sho Nagayasu, Yasunori Tsuboi, Yuzuru Nada, and Yoshiyuki Kidoguchi. A Study on Improvement of Diesel Spray Characteristics Fueled by Rape-seed Oil. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, November 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2011-32-0561.

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Science, Fera. Analysis of CBD Products. Food Standards Agency, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.cis490.

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The Food Standards Agency commissioned Fera Science Ltd. to carry out a survey to obtain a snapshot of CBD products on sale in England and Wales in order to inform FSA risk assessment of CBD products. Thirty CBD products were purchased from a range of online sellers from England and Wales. Samples comprised of two broad categories: oils and sprays, and edibles (including beverages). The sampling followed a scheme suggested by FSA. This is not a statistically representative sample of the market and instead provides a snapshot of the current market, to assist the design of future sampling and surveillance activity. There is the potential for residues of chemicals to be present in CBD products as a result of their natural occurrence in the raw material or arising from the manufacturing process, for example, mycotoxins, metals, pesticides, and the residues of solvents used to extract CBD. This study informs the FSA’s understanding of the type and levels of contaminants that may arise in CBD products. A wide range of analysis on CBD products was undertaken using accredited methods, for heavy metals, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), pesticides, mycotoxins, CBD content and cannabinoid profiles. Analysis for residual solvents and additional mycotoxins was also carried out, but these were not accredited. The results of testing found the following: Heavy metals (cadmium, mercury & lead) and arsenic were not detected in the majority of samples, meaning levels were below the limits of quantification of the method. Seven samples contained lead, four samples arsenic and two samples contained cadmium. Mercury was not found in any sample. A definitive statement as to whether products exceed maximum levels cannot be made due to uncertainty as to whether products would be classified as a food (i.e. oil) or a food supplement. A low incidence of low levels of mycotoxins, with Fusarium mycotoxins found more frequently than aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, mostly at the methods reporting limit. Three samples were found to contain ochratoxin A at the methods reporting limit. A total of seven pesticide residues were found across all of the products (each product was tested for over 400 pesticides). There are no specific Maximum Residue Limits (MRL) for CBD products. One oil product was found to have PAHs above the regulated levels, if classed as a product for direct consumption. If classed as a food supplement the PAHs were within regulated levels. Three samples contained residual solvents. One product was over the MRL. Most products contained CBD close to the declared value. Two oils had substantially different levels than that declared (one higher and one lower). CBD was not detected in one of the drink products. These are potentially non-compliant with compositional and standards requirements. Delta 9-THC was detected in 87 % (26) of the samples analysed. Of these 40% (12) were found to have THC+ (the total sum of illicit cannabinoids in the product) above the 1mg threshold outlined in current Home Office guidance (Opens in a new window).
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