Journal articles on the topic 'Spray irrigation'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Spray irrigation.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Spray irrigation.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Dadhich, R. K., R. S. Meena, M. L. Reager, and B. C. Kansotia. "Response of bio-regulators to yield and quality of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czernj. and Cosson) under different irrigation environments." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 7, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v7i1.562.
Full textAbstract:
A field study was conducted during rabi seasons of 2008 and 2009 to evaluated of productivity of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) by foliar spray of bio-regulators under different irrigation environments. Amongst treatments, the application of sufficient irrigation water (four irrigations) recorded the highest number siliqua per plant, higher number of seeds per siliqua, 1000 seed weight and yields as compared to all other irrigation treatments. Results show that an increased in seed yield of 92.40 and 39.37 % under sufficient irrigation and limitedwater condition in 2008 and 93.34% and 40.31% in 2009, respectively over deficient irrigation conditions, foliar sprays of 100 ppm thioglycollic acid at initiation of branching were recorded highest yield attributes and yields. Similarly, 500 ppm of thiourea at initiation of branching and flowering stages also gave second best highest yield attributes and yields as compared to all other bio-regulators spray stages. However, bio-regulators sprays were not recorded any significant effect on oil and protein content. The results were concluded that economic feasibility to improve productivity of Indian mustard with four irrigations levels and sprays of 100 ppm thioglycollic acid and 500 ppm of thiourea at initiation of branching and flowering stages under hyper arid environment.
2
Gribanova, S. V., V. G. Yankova, I. L. Udyanskaya, V. Yu Grigoryeva, T. K. Slonskaya, A. A. Zhukova, and I. D. Parfenov. "Comparison of spray capacities of throat sprays containing hexethidine." Infekcionnye bolezni 19, no. 1 (2021): 144–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.20953/1729-9225-2021-1-144-148.
Full textAbstract:
We compared two metered-dose local sprays containing hexethidine: Maxicold LOR and StopanginTeva. We evaluated the parameters reflecting spray quality, including reproducibility of the dose mass and the irrigation area on planar simulation models. Both sprays demonstrated almost equal high reproducibility of the dose mass. The spray width of Maxicold LOR was larger than that of StopanginTeva, while the spray patterns and reproducibility of print area on the simulation model were similar for both sprays. Key words: hexetidine, metered-dose local sprays, sore throat, simulation model, reproducibility of the dose mass, irrigation area
3
Angotoeva, I. B., Ya G. Starunova, D. P. Polyakov, and A. K. Vinnikov. "A comparative study of different methods of irrigation therapy in adults and children." Medical Council, no. 20 (November 14, 2018): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2018-20-70-75.
Full textAbstract:
Irrigation therapy is currently an integral part of the prevention and treatment of various ENT diseases. In and amongst all the variety of drugs of irrigation therapy, intranasal sprays are the most widely available. The article presents a comparative study of the intranasal spray characteristics. The advantages of using Marimer spray include minimal discomfort, jet sensation; the spray gets into the nasopharynx, but does not cause the Eustachian tube dysfunction.
4
Moffa, Antonio, Andrea Costantino, Vittorio Rinaldi, Lorenzo Sabatino, Eleonora Maria Consiglia Trecca, Peter Baptista, Paolo Campisi, Michele Cassano, and Manuele Casale. "Nasal Delivery Devices: A Comparative Study on Cadaver Model." BioMed Research International 2019 (March 28, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4602651.
Full textAbstract:
Nasal nebulization is a more effective method of delivering topical medication than nasal spray. The purpose of this study was to assess the deposition patterns of nebulization in delivering topical agents to the nasal cavities in the human cadaveric model using a color-based method. We have compared these following nasal devices: single-dose vial irrigation, syringe-irrigation, common nasal spray, Spray-sol, MAD nasal, and Rinowash nasal douche. Endoscopic images were recorded at six anatomical regions prior to and following each nasal device application and four reviewers evaluated the amount of surface area staining. At the nasal vestibule, the blue dye distribution achieved with Spray-sol was more extensive than nasal sprays. At inferior turbinate and nasal cavity floor, single dose vial, syringe, MAD nasal, Spray-sol, and Rinowash demonstrated a greater extent of dye distribution than nasal spray. At the middle turbinate, the average score of both Spray-sol and MAD nasal was significantly higher than other nasal investigated devices. At the nasopharynx, Spray-sol nebulization covers a surface significantly greater than other devices. Compared to traditional sprays, Spray-sol and MAD nasal provided a more effective method of delivering topical agents to the deeper and higher portions of the nasal cavities.
5
Weatherhead, E. K., and J. W. Knox. "Peak Demands from Spray Irrigation." Water and Environment Journal 11, no. 4 (August 1997): 305–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1997.tb00133.x.
Full text
6
Makkaew, P., M. Miller, H. J. Fallowfield, and N. J. Cromar. "Microbial risk in wastewater irrigated lettuce: comparing Escherichia coli contamination from an experimental site with a laboratory approach." Water Science and Technology 74, no. 3 (June 6, 2016): 749–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.237.
Full textAbstract:
This study assessed the contamination of Escherichia coli, in lettuce grown with treated domestic wastewater in four different irrigation configurations: open spray, spray under plastic sheet cover, open drip and drip under plastic sheet cover. Samples of lettuce from each irrigation configuration and irrigating wastewater were collected during the growing season. No E. coli was detected in lettuce from drip irrigated beds. All lettuce samples from spray beds were positive for E. coli, however, no statistical difference (p > 0.05) was detected between lettuces grown in open spray or covered spray beds. The results from the field experiment were also compared to a laboratory experiment which used submersion of lettuce in wastewater of known E. coli concentration as a surrogate method to assess contamination following irrigation. The microbial quality of spray bed lettuces was not significantly different from submersed lettuce when irrigated with wastewater containing 1,299.7 E. coli MPN/100 mL (p > 0.05). This study is significant since it is the first to validate that the microbial contamination of lettuce irrigated with wastewater in the field is comparable with a laboratory technique frequently applied in the quantitative microbial risk assessment of the consumption of wastewater irrigated salad crops.
7
Wang, Xue, Kai Li, and Xiao Lei Qin. "The Planning and Economic Benefit Analysis on the Micro Spray Irrigation Construction of the Greenhouses." Advanced Materials Research 838-841 (November 2013): 1677–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.838-841.1677.
Full textAbstract:
The typical area in Ningbo of China was chosen to conduct the micro spray irrigation construction, and the related economic benefit was analyzed. Results showed that: 776 000 yuan would be cost to construct the micro spray irrigation project in tobacco fields with the area of 350 mu; after the micro spray irrigation program put into use, the income of the area would increase 218 500 yuan per year; the calculated EIRR was 19.5%, the calculated ENPV was 997 100 yuan, and the calculated EBCR was 1.86, from the economical angle, the project was reasonable and practicable. The results could provide the theoretical and practical basis for the widespread of micro spray irrigation project of tobacco fields.
8
Prabhakaran, N. K., and A. C. Lourduraj. "Effect of integrated management of irrigation, composted coir pith and nutrients on the growth and yield of soybean (Glycine max L.Merr.)." Acta Agronomica Hungarica 51, no. 2 (July 1, 2003): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.51.2003.2.6.
Full textAbstract:
Field experiments were conducted during the summer (February-May) and south west monsoon (June-September) seasons of 1996 and 1997 at the Aliyarnagar Agricultural Research Station of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, India, to study the growth and yield of soybean in response to irrigation, composted coir pith, time of N, P, K application and use of a nutrient mixture spray. The results revealed that irrigation at 0.90 IW/CPE [ratio of Irrigation Water Depth (IW) to Cumulative Pan Evaporation (CPE)], the application of composted coir pith and the split application of N, P and K in conjunction with a nutrient mixture spray significantly increased the plant height, leaf area index, dry matter production and grain yield of soybean. However, the root length of soybean was significantly reduced by irrigating at 0.90 IW/CPE (compared to irrigation at 0.70 IW/CPE and 0.50 IW/CPE) and by the application of composted coir pith.
9
Paul, S., TS Roy, R. Chakraborty, M. Roy, and SC Sarker. "Growth Performance of Lentil by the Effect of Irrigation and Boron Splitting Asfoliar Application." Bangladesh Agronomy Journal 22, no. 2 (June 16, 2020): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/baj.v22i2.47642.
Full textAbstract:
A field experiment was conducted for evaluating the effect of irrigation and boron splitting as foliar spray on growth and yield of lentil at the Research Field of the Department of Agronomy, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka from November, 2018 to March, 2019.Three levels of irrigation viz., I0: control, I1: one irrigation at 25 days after sowing (DAS), I2: two irrigations at 25 DAS and 40 DAS and boron was applied by four levels viz., B0: control, B1: 80% recommended dose as basal + rest 20% as foliar spray (FS) at pre-flowering (PF), B2: 60% RD as basal + rest 40% as FS at PF, B3: 40% RD as basal + rest 60% as FS at PF. The experiment was fully set up in a split-plot design with three replications. Two irrigations at 25 and 40 DAS result produced that the highest plant length, branches plant-1, leaves plant-1, dry weight plant-1. On the other hand, B3 (40% RD as basal + rest 60% as FS at PF) produced significantly the highest growth of lentil. Result also showed that the highest plant length (27.59 cm), number of branches (5.73) and plant dry matter (4.83 g) recorded from I2B3 combinations. Therefore, the combination of two irrigations at 25 and 40 DAS and boron at 40% RD as basal + rest 60% as foliar spray at pre-flowering might be considered as effective dose for the cultivation of lentil in Bangladesh.
Bangladesh Agron. J. 2019, 22(2): 139-150
10
SOLOMON, ETHAN B., CATHERINE J. POTENSKI, and KARL R. MATTHEWS. "Effect of Irrigation Method on Transmission to and Persistence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on Lettuce." Journal of Food Protection 65, no. 4 (April 1, 2002): 673–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-65.4.673.
Full textAbstract:
In this study, the transmission of Escherichia coli O157:H7 to lettuce plants through spray and surface irrigation was demonstrated. For all treatments combined, the number of plants testing positive following a single exposure to E. coli O157: H7 through spray irrigation (29 of 32 plants) was larger than the number testing positive following surface irrigation (6 of 32 plants). E. coli O157:H7 persisted on 9 of 11 plants for 20 days following spray irrigation with contaminated water. Immersion of harvested lettuce heads for 1 min in a 200 ppm chlorine solution did not eliminate all E. coli O157:H7 cells. The results of this study suggest that regardless of the irrigation method used, crops can become contaminated; therefore, the irrigation of food crops with water of unknown microbial quality should be avoided.
11
Gunawardena, T. A., D. McGarry, J. B. Robinson, and D. M. Silburn. "Deep drainage through Vertosols in irrigated fields measured with drainage lysimeters." Soil Research 49, no. 4 (2011): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr10198.
Full textAbstract:
Rising groundwater and salinity are potential risks across irrigated agricultural landscapes. Water is scarce in many areas that will benefit from efficient water use. Excessive deep drainage (DD, mm) beneath irrigated crops is undesirable because it may cause salinity and decrease water-use efficiency. Nine irrigated, commercial cotton fields (eight furrow-irrigated and one spray, lateral-move irrigated) were selected in the upper Murray–Darling Basin, on Vertosols with a wide range of clay contents (38–75%). The lysimeters used, described as ‘confined, undisturbed, constant tension, non-weighing’, were installed to capture water passing 1.5 m depth at three in-field positions: (i) near the head ditch, (ii) mid-way between head and tail ditches, and (iii) close to the tail ditch. At two sites, infiltration along the length of the field was monitored in two seasons using furrow advance-SIRMOD methods. Seasonal DD values of up to 235 mm (2.4 ML/ha.season) were measured (range 1–235 mm), equivalent to 27% of the irrigation applied at that location in that season. Individual DD events >90 mm accounted for 15 of 66 measured values from 26 furrow irrigations. DD varied strongly along the length of each field, with DD commonly reducing from the head ditch to the tail ditch. SIRMOD simulation mirrored this trend, with large decreases in infiltration amounts from head to tail. Greater DD at head locations was attributed to long periods of inundation, especially early in the season when siphons (in-flows) were allowed to run for up to 24 h. Most of the DD occurred during pre-irrigation and the first two or three in-crop irrigations. Inter-season variation in DD was large; limited water supply in drought years led to fewer irrigations with smaller volumes, resulting in little or no DD. The DD under lateral-move, spray irrigation was almost zero; only one irrigation event in 4 years resulted in DD. Control of DD under furrow irrigation can be achieved by changing irrigation management to lateral-move, spray irrigation, which minimises DD and greatly increases water-use efficiency with no yield (cotton) penalty. Across all of the lysimetry sites, high salinities of the DD leachate indicated that large amounts of salt were being mobilised. The fate and impacts of this mobilised and leached salt are uncertain.
12
Augusto, J., and T. B. Brenneman. "Implications of fungicide application timing and post-spray irrigation on disease control and peanut yield." Peanut Science 38, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3146/ps10-11.1.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Applying fungicides at night when the leaves are folded and using irrigation water after application have both been shown to increase deposition of fungicides in the lower plant canopy, improve control of stem rot (caused by Sclerotium rolfsii), and increase peanut (Arachis hypogaea) yield. To evaluate the interactive effects of these two practices, four applications of a protectant fungicide, chlorothalonil (1.26 kg a.i./ha), or a systemic, prothioconazole + tebuconazole (0.23 kg a.i./ha), tebuconazole (0.21 kg a.i./ha), flutolanil + propiconazole (0.45 kg a.i./ha), pyraclostrobin (0.21 kg a.i./ha), or two applications of a systemic, fluoxastrobin (0.17 kg a.i./ha) or azoxystrobin (0.31 kg a.i./ha) were sprayed either at night (3 a.m. to 5 a.m., when peanut leaves were folded) or during daylight (10 a.m. to 12 p.m., when peanut leaves were unfolded). Fungicides were applied as sub-subplots and night and day fungicide application timings as subplots in a split-split plot design with post-spray irrigation and nonpost-spray irrigation as whole plots to evaluate disease control and peanut yield in 2008 and 2009. In 2008, leaf spot intensity (early leaf spot caused by Cercospora arachidicola) was low and disease control was similar regardless of application timing or fungicide across post-spray irrigation treatments. In 2009, leaf spot was severe and disease control for night and day applications of a systemic fungicide was similar across post-spray irrigation, but pyraclostrobin and prothioconazole + tebuconazole had the lowest ratings. Interaction of fungicide, application timing and post-spray irrigation was significant for stem rot and yield. Night application of prothioconazole + tebuconazole, flutolanil + propiconazole or pyraclostrobin showed the most increase in stem rot control and yield compared with day application among the evaluated fungicides, but the positive effects on stem rot control and yield were minimal with post-spray irrigation. The effects of application timing and post-spray irrigation on fungicide efficacy were not the same for all fungicides.
13
Al-mana, Fahed A., and David J. Beattie. "The Response of `Tifway' Bermudagrass to Growth Retardants as Charged-hydrophilic Polymers or Foliar Spray under Two Irrigation Systems." HortScience 32, no. 3 (June 1997): 521B—521. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.521b.
Full textAbstract:
A study of applying growth retardants under overhead and subsurface irrigation systems was conducted on bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L. cv. Tifway) grown from rhizomes in 15-cm pots containing sand medium. Paclobutrazol (50%) at 2 mg/pot was used as foliar spray or charged-hydrophilic polymers (Super Sorb C) and either incorporated or put below medium surface. Mefluidide (28%) at 0.01% ml/pot was used only as foliar spray. Before spray treatments, grasses were cut at 2 cm from medium surface, and the second cut was made at the 6th week from treatment. All growth retardant treatments reduced grass height compared to non-treated plants. The lowest grass height was produced by paclobutrazol as foliar spray under overhead irrigation in the 6th and 9th week. By the 9th week, all hormonal treatments under the two irrigation systems had no effect on grass quality, color, and establishment rate. Both paclobutrazol foliar spray and below medium surface charged-polymer treatments under subsurface irrigation had the lowest water loss and dry weight by the 6th and 9th week. The paclobutrazol charged-polymer treatment under subsurface irrigation had also the the lowest root dry weight among all treatments. Although mefluidide foliar spray was less effective on grass height than paclobutrazol, they had similar effect on water loss and shoot dry weight.
14
Sumbayak, Raka Daniel Lihardo, and Anas Dinurrohman Susila. "Spray Hose Irrigation System Increased Yield of Polyethylene Mulched Shallot." Journal of Tropical Crop Science 5, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jtcs.5.2.49-54.
Full textAbstract:
Spray hose is a micro-irrigation system using perforated hose as for micro irrigation. Shallot conventional cultivation requires lots of water and labor man days therefore is more efficient. Shallot cultivation system needs to be developed to increase yield and to reduce production cost. This research was conducted to compare conventional cultivation methods with using Spray hose and polyethylene mulch for shallot production. This research was conducted in a hydromorphic alluvial soil type at the Center for Tropical Horticulture Studies Field Station in Kersana, Brebes, Central Java (S 6 o, 55’, 20.536”; E 108o, 51”, 50618”) from May to July 2016. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with a single factor and three levels of planting system, i.e. conventional ‘Surjan’ system without mulch, one line spray hose with mulch, and two lines spray hose with mulch, with five replications. The result showed that shallots production using of polyethylene mulch and two-line spray hose had higher yields than the conventional method. In addition, this system is more efficient in terms of labor requirement. Cost Revenue Analysis shows that conventional cultivation R/C ratio was 1.72, one-line spray hose R/C ratio was 1.92, while two-line spray hose was 2.26. This study demonstrated that the use of polyethylene mulch combined with two-line spray hose significantly improved shallot growth and increased bulb production, and more cost efficient.Keywords: R/C ratio, micro irrigation, labor, ‘Surjan’ system, soil drench, fertilizerConclusionIrrigation of shallot with two-line spray hose resulted in a better crop growth and a higher yield than conventional planting system and one-line spray hose for polyethylene mulched shallot. Conventional planting system using more water and labor requirement than the two other treatments. Combination of two-line spray hose and polyethylene mulch had the most eficient cost production of shalot compared to the conventional system and one-line spray hose.
15
Schneider, Arland D., and Terry A. Howell. "LEPA and Spray Irrigation for Grain Crops." Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 125, no. 4 (July 1999): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9437(1999)125:4(167).
Full text
16
Kenneth H. Solomon, Dennis C. Kincaid, and James C. Bezdek. "Drop Size Distributions for Irrigation Spray Nozzles." Transactions of the ASAE 28, no. 6 (1985): 1966–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.32550.
Full text
17
Jiang, Wu, Chen, Tian, Zhang, and Xu. "Sulfoxaflor Applied via Drip Irrigation Effectively Controls Cotton Aphid (Aphis gossypii Glover)." Insects 10, no. 10 (October 14, 2019): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects10100345.
Full textAbstract:
Aphis gossypii Glover is a major pest of cotton and can severely affect cotton yield and lint quality. In this study, the efficacy of sulfoxaflor applied via drip irrigation and foliar spray on controlling cotton aphids was evaluated in 2016 and 2017 in Xinjiang, China. The distribution of sulfoxaflor in cotton roots, stems, leaves, and aphids, as well as its effects on two natural enemies of aphids, were also investigated. Results showed that sulfoxaflor applied through drip irrigation mainly concentrated in leaves and provided effective control of cotton aphids for 40 days, compared to 20 days when applied through foliar spray. Furthermore, drip application resulted in much lower sulfoxaflor concentrations in aphids than foliar spray. As a result, ladybird beetle and lacewing populations were higher in drip applied plants than in foliar sprayed plants. Additionally, the cost of drip irrigation was lower than foliar spray as cotton plants are commonly irrigated via drip irrigation in Xinjiang. Our results showed that application of sulfoxaflor through drip irrigation is an effective way of controlling cotton aphids in Xinjiang due to a prolonged control period, safety to two natural enemies, and lower cost of application.
18
Wu, B. M., K. V. Subbarao, A. H. C. van Bruggen, and S. T. Koike. "Comparison of Three Fungicide Spray Advisories for Lettuce Downy Mildew." Plant Disease 85, no. 8 (August 2001): 895–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2001.85.8.895.
Full textAbstract:
Lettuce growers in coastal California have relied mainly on protective fungicide sprays to control downy mildew. Thus, timing of sprays before infection is critical for optimal results. A leaf-wetness-driven, infection-based advisory system, previously developed, did not always perform satisfactorily. In this study, the advisory system was modified by incorporating a pathogen survival component (system 1) or both survival and sporulation components (system 2). These systems were then evaluated in commercial lettuce fields in coastal California during 1996-1998. Three or four treatments were carried out in each field: (i) no spray; (ii) sprays as scheduled by the growers; (iii) sprays following modified system 1; and (iv) sprays following the original advisory system (1996) or modified system 2 (1998). Downy mildew incidence was evaluated every 2 to 9 days. In fields with drip irrigation, the number of fungicide applications was reduced by one or two regardless of the advisory system used compared to the grower's calendar-based schedule, although one unnecessary spray was recommended in 1996 at Soledad and 1997 at Salinas. Under all three systems, disease levels were low (incidence <25% and about 1 lesion per plant) for fields with drip irrigation, but not for fields with sprinklers (incidence up to 100% and 5 to 10 lesions per plant). For the first time, we established that survival and sporulation components are not needed for a lettuce downy mildew forecasting system. Instead, a threshold with a shorter period of morning leaf wetness and high temperatures were found to have potential for improving forecasting efficiency.
19
Elad, Yigal, Ziv Nisan, Ziv Kleinman, Dalia Rav-David, and Uri Yermiyahu. "Effects of Microelements on Downy Mildew (Peronospora belbahrii) of Sweet Basil." Plants 10, no. 9 (August 28, 2021): 1793. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10091793.
Full textAbstract:
We recently demonstrated that spraying or irrigating with Ca, Mg and K reduces the severity of sweet basil downy mildew (SBDM). Here, the effects of Mn, Zn, Cu and Fe on SBDM were tested in potted plants. The effects of Mn and Zn were also tested under semi-commercial and commercial-like field conditions. Spray applications of a mixture of EDTA-chelated microelements (i.e., Fe-EDTA, Mn-EDTA, Zn-EDTA, Cu-EDTA and Mo) reduces SBDM severity. The application of EDTA chelates of individual microelements (i.e., Fe-EDTA, Mn-EDTA and Zn-EDTA) significantly reduces SBDM in potted plants. Foliar applications of Mn-EDTA and Zn-EDTA are found to be effective under semi-commercial conditions and were, thus, further tested under commercial-like conditions. Under commercial-like conditions, foliar-applied Mn-EDTA and Zn-EDTA decreased SBDM severity by 46–71%. When applied through the irrigation solution, those two microelements reduce SBDM by more than 50%. Combining Mg with Mn-EDTA and Zn-EDTA in the irrigation solution does not provide any additional disease reduction. In the commercial-like field experiment, the microelement-mixture treatment, applied as a spray or via the irrigation solution, was combined with fungicides spray treatments. This combination provides synergistic disease control. The mode of action in this plant–pathogen system may involve features of altered host resistance.
20
Shah, Muhammad N., Muhammad J. Shafi, and Abdul Wahid. "Influence of foliage applied moringa leaf extract on growth and yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) underwater deficit conditions." Journal of Arable Crops and Marketing 1, no. 2 (December 13, 2019): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/jacm.001.02.3454.
Full textAbstract:
With increasing population, the demand for food is also increasing. So, with the aim to increase the productivity of crop a field experiment was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the foliar application of moringa leaf extract (MLE) at growth and yield of sunflower under water deficit conditions at Agronomy research area, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan. The treatments comprise of Factor A: Irrigation,(I0 = Normal irrigation, I1 = Skipped at knee height stage, I2 = Skipped at knee height + heading stage, I3 = Skipped at knee height + heading + seed development stage and Factor B: Foliar application of MLE (Subplot), T0 = No spray, T1 = Spray at knee height stage, T2 = Spray at knee height + heading stage, T3 = Spray at knee height + heading + seed development stage with randomized complete block design (RCBD) split-plot design in three replications. The interactive effect between moringa leaf extract (MLE) and irrigation was significant. Maximum head diameter (22.17cm), number of achenes per head (1030.30), 1000-achenes weight (49.73g), achene yield (3474 kg/ha), and biological yield (10729.83 kg/ha), oil content (41.734%), protein content (20.8%) was observed in F3 (K+H+S) and I0 (Normal) irrigation. While minimum head diameter (15.57cm), number of achenes per head (681.67), 1000-achenes weight (42.001g), achene yield (2536.33 kg/ha), and biological yield (8209.33 kg/ha), oil content (36.3%), protein content (16.27%) was observed in F0 (no spray) and I3 (K+H+S) irrigation. Results showed that foliar application of moringa leaf extract under normal conditions boost the crop yield and drought stress at (K+H+S) is detrimental for growth and development of sunflower.
21
Feng, S., Y. Fan, Z. Liang, G. Yang, Z. Liao, and L. Guo. "Effect of intranasal steroids on rhinosinusitis after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma: clinical study." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 130, no. 3 (January 7, 2016): 265–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215115003448.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractObjective:Post-irradiation rhinosinusitis is one of the most common untoward side effects in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray on post-irradiation rhinosinusitis.Methods:Nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients who had undergone radiotherapy and subsequently developed chronic rhinosinusitis were randomised to receive either fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray 200 µg plus nasal irrigation or a single nasal irrigation, for six months. A questionnaire, nasal endoscopy and computed tomography were used to evaluate rhinosinusitis severity, at the beginning of treatment, and at three and six months after treatment.Results:The group who received fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray combined with irrigation had fewer nasal complaints (overall symptoms, blocked nose and headache were reduced), a better quality of life and less severe endoscopic findings than those who only received nasal irrigation at three and six months after treatment.Conclusion:Nasal steroids are a safe and effective therapy for patients with post-irradiation rhinosinusitis.
22
Watson, D. J., and G. Drysdale. "Irrigation practices on north-east Victorian dairy farms: a survey." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 45, no. 12 (2005): 1539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea03231.
Full textAbstract:
The north-east region of Victoria is an important water-harvesting catchment for gravity-fed irrigators downstream of Lake Mulwala. Dairy farmers are significant users of irrigation water in north-east Victoria but little was known about their irrigation practices and attitudes. A survey undertaken in 2000 collected data on irrigation practices and attitudes from 92% of the irrigating dairy farmers in the region. It found diversity in many aspects of irrigation amongst the region’s irrigated dairy farms, ranging from the proportion of the farm irrigated to the irrigation system used, and identified areas where improvements to irrigation practices could be made. More than 8 different irrigation systems were used in the region, and flood irrigation was the most commonly used. However, a large proportion (37%) of flood irrigators were contemplating changing to spray irrigation, mostly to long lateral hand move sprinkler irrigation, in an effort to improve water use efficiency. More than 50% of respondents did not meter irrigation water use, and 83% pumped water directly from rivers or creeks, with dams and dragline holes the next most common sources. Irrigation scheduling (when to start irrigating and the frequency of irrigation thereafter) and the amount of water to apply were generally based on knowledge and experience rather than on soil moisture monitoring equipment or use of evaporation rates. Most survey respondents recognised that their irrigation practices could improve and said that they would be interested in information to help them make more informed decisions about irrigation practices.
23
Donnison, A., C. Ross, M. Noonan, G. Fisher, and J. Waller. "Bacterial survival and dispersal in spray irrigation aerosols." New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 47, no. 4 (December 2004): 575–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288233.2004.9513622.
Full text
24
Lamack, William F., and Alex X. Niemiera. "Application Method Affects Water Application Efficiency of Spray Stake-irrigated Containers." HortScience 28, no. 6 (June 1993): 625–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.6.625.
Full textAbstract:
Studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of water application medium moisture deficit, water application rate, and intermittent application on water application efficiency {[(amount applied - amount leached)/amount applied] x 100} of spray stake-irrigated, container-grown plants. Pine bark-filled containers were irrigated to replace moisture deficits of 600, 1200, or 1800 ml; deficits were returned in single, continuous applications of 148, 220, or 270 ml·min-l. Efficiency was unaffected by application rate but decreased with increased medium moisture deficit. In the second experiment, container medium at a 600-ml deficit was irrigated with 400 or 600 ml (6570 and 100% water replacement, respectively); deficits were returned in a single, continuous application or in intermittent 100-ml applications with 30-min intervals between irrigations. Application efficiency was greater with intermittent irrigation (95% and 84% for 400- and 600-ml replacement, respectively) than with continuous irrigation (84% and 67% for 400- and 600-ml replacement, respectively). In the third experiment, pine bark was irrigated with 600 ml water (100% replacement) in 50-, 100-, or 150-ml aliquots with 20, 40, or 60 min between applications in a factorial design. Efficiency increased with decreasing application volume and increasing time between applications. Highest efficiency (86%) was achieved with an irrigation regimen of 50-ml applications with at least 40 min between applications, compared to 62% for the control treatment (a single, continuous application of 600 ml). Our results suggest that growers using spray stakes would waste less water by applying water intermittently rather than continuously.
25
Muxammadiyeva, Matluba, and Iftixor Ergashev. "IMPLEMENTATION OF THE WATER USE PLAN PROCEDURES, MEASURES AND WATER USE." JOURNAL OF AGRO PROCESSING 6, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-9904-2020-6-9.
Full textAbstract:
If we look at the existing irrigation methods used today in the country, then they are divided into: ground, rainfall, underground or underground, drip and spray. Basically, they are transferred to the irrigation field in two forms: through gravity and pressure irrigation systems. Naturally, a gravity irrigation system is economically more expensive than a low pressure irrigation system. However, from a performance appraisal stand point, pressure irrigation methods are less efficient and have serious disadvantages
26
Goddard, John C., Richard J. Harvey, Sarah K. Wise, and Rodney J. Schlosser. "Effects of Endoscopic Sinus Surgery and Device on Irrigation." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 139, no. 2_suppl (August 2008): P75—P76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otohns.2008.05.243.
Full textAbstract:
Objective 1) Assess the effect of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) on the distribution of topical solutions to the para-nasal sinuses. 2) Understand differences in topical solution distribution to the para-nasal sinuses using various delivery devices. Methods Ten cadaver sinus systems were irrigated with radio-opaque contrast prior to any surgery, after ESS, and following modified medial maxillectomy. Delivery of contrast was via pressurized spray, neti pot and squeeze bottle techniques for each surgical state. CT scans were performed before and after each irrigation using a portable CT machine. Blinded assessments were made for distribution of contrast within the sinuses. A semi-quantitative grading scale was used to assess contrast distribution to each of 5 sinus regions (maxillary, anterior ethmoid, posterior ethmoid, sphenoid and frontal). Results Total sinus distribution of contrast was significantly greater post-ESS as compared to the un-operated state (p<0.001). Sphenoid and frontal sinus distribution was most affected by surgery. Delivery device influenced contrast distribution, with neti pot and squeeze bottle techniques providing greater distribution than pressurized spray (p<0.001). Frontal sinus penetration was greater post-ESS (p=0.017) and neti pot delivery was the most effective frontal delivery device (p<0.001). Conclusions ESS greatly enhances the delivery of nasal solutions, regardless of delivery device. Limited distribution to the sinuses exists without concomitant ESS, especially for sprays. Squeeze bottle/neti pot use, post-ESS, offers a greatly enhanced ability to deliver solutions to the para-nasal sinuses.
27
Monjezi, F., F. Vazin, and M. Hassanzadehdelouei. "Effects of Iron and Zinc Spray on Yield and Yield Components of Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) in Drought Stress." Cercetari agronomice in Moldova 46, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10298-012-0072-z.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract In hot and arid regions, drought stress is considered as one of the main reasons for yield reduction. To study the effect of drought stress, iron and zinc spray on the yield and yield components of wheat, an experiment was carried out during the crop seasons of 2010 and 2011 on Shahid Salemi Farm in Ahwaz as a split factorial within randomized complete block design with three replications. The main plots with irrigation factor and three levels were considered: Level A) full irrigation, Level B) stopping irrigation at pollination step, and Level C) stopping irrigation at the seed filling stage. Subsidiary plots were considered with and without iron and zinc spray. Influencing the seed filling process, in interaction with iron, wich is an important leaf's chlorophyll cation, zinc increased the seed yield. The drought stress reduced the thousand kernels weight (TKW) and the number of seeds per spike increased about 24% and 8.5% more than the one of control treatment, respectively. Using iron, as compared with control treatment, causes the increase of thousand kernels weight from 45.71 to 46.83 grams and the increase of spike from 49.51 to 51.73. Zinc spray increased seed yield and thousand kernels weight. The results obtained from the present research showed that iron and zinc spray has fairly improved the effects caused by drought stress.
28
Szabó, Andrea, János Tamás, and Attila Nagy. "An Irrigation Homogenity Assessment of a Variable Rate Sprinkler Irrigation." Acta Horticulturae et Regiotecturae 24, s1 (May 1, 2021): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ahr-2021-0002.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Nowadays, the development of irrigation is increasingly recognized as a necessary factor in agriculture, primarily because of global warming. Depending on the field conditions, the most commonly used method is sprinkler irrigation. The spray uniformity of sprinklers installed on the field irrigation equipment can be characterized by the Christiansen-uniformity coefficient (CUc%) and the distribution uniformity coefficient (DU%). Our investigations were carried out on the lateral moving irrigation equipment of University of Debrecen, Institutes for Agricultural Research and Educational Farm and Nyírbátor’s company in Hungary in 2019. Variable rate irrigation (VRI) is used in Nyírbátor. In contrast, the VRI has given positive results, making an irrigation equipment with the VRI a safer and more uniform method than a conventional linear irrigation equipment.
29
Evett, Steven R., Gary W. Marek, Paul D. Colaizzi, David Brauer, and Terry A. Howell. "Are Crop Coefficients for SDI Different from Those for Sprinkler Irrigation Application?" Transactions of the ASABE 63, no. 5 (2020): 1233–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.13920.
Full textAbstract:
HighlightsCrop coefficients for SDI scheduling for grain corn should be reduced by ~10% from those used for sprinkler irrigation.FAO 56 methods to calculate crop coefficients for surface drip irrigation under full-cover plastic mulch were applicable to SDI.A recent drought-resistant corn hybrid appeared to begin rapid leaf area development about 10 days earlier than older hybrids.A recent drought-resistant corn hybrid appeared to finish earlier than older hybrids by about 15 days.Abstract. Subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) has become an important irrigation application method in the U.S. Southern High Plains where pan evaporation exceeds 2,400 mm per year. Early research comparing SDI with spray sprinklers showed that SDI was over-applied when scheduling irrigations using crop coefficients developed using sprinkler irrigation. Thus, crop coefficients developed using SDI may be smaller than those developed using sprinkler irrigation. Grain corn was grown for two years on large, precision weighing lysimeters at Bushland, Texas, with two lysimeters irrigated by SDI and two by mid-elevation spray (MESA) irrigation. Data used in this study were for fields irrigated to replenish soil water in the top 1.5 m of the soil to field capacity, as indicated by weekly neutron probe readings (100% replenishment). Crop coefficients developed for SDI (Kc_SDI) were compared with those developed for MESA (Kc_MESA) using ASCE standardized reference ET equations. The value of Kc_SDI ranged from 0.83 to 0.89 of Kc_MESA for the two years. Values of Kc_SDI remained consistently less than Kc_MESA even after maximum leaf area index was reached, indicating that considerable evaporative loss from the soil surface occurred with MESA irrigation even after full canopy cover. When we shortened the initial period after planting from 30 to 20 d and followed FAO 56 recommendations for surface drip irrigation under full-cover plastic mulch, we calculated basal Kc (Kcb) values (ETo basis) that were reasonably close to our Kc values for SDI for the crop development and early mid-season periods but were greater than our data for the later mid-season and late season periods. Keywords: Crop coefficient, FAO56, MESA, SDI, Sprinkler irrigation, Subsurface drip irrigation.
30
Ranjan, Rakesh, Rajeev Sinha, Lav R. Khot, Gwen-Alyn Hoheisel, Matthew Grieshop, and Mark Ledebuhr. "Spatial Distribution of Spray from a Solid Set Canopy Delivery System in a High-Density Apple Orchard Retrofitted with Modified Emitters." Applied Sciences 11, no. 2 (January 13, 2021): 709. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11020709.
Full textAbstract:
Solid Set Canopy Delivery Systems (SSCDS) are fixed agrochemical delivery systems composed of a network of micro-sprayers/nozzles distributed in perennial crop canopies. A previous SSCDS design composed of a 3-tier configuration using hollow cone sprayer nozzles has been shown to provide excellent coverage and deposition in high-density apple orchards. However, the hollow cone nozzles substantially increases the initial system installation costs. This study evaluated the effect of irrigation micro-emitters replacement on spray deposition, coverage and off-target drift. A micro-emitter used in greenhouse irrigation systems was duly modified to enhance its applicability with SSCDS. After laboratory assessment and optimization of the micro-emitters, a replicated field study was conducted to compare 3-tier SSCDS configured with either of modified irrigation micro-emitters or traditional hollow cone nozzles. Canopy deposition and off target drift were evaluated using a 500 ppm fluorescent tracer solution sprayed by the field installed systems and captured on mylar collectors. Spray coverage was evaluated using water sensitive papers. The overall canopy deposition and coverage for treatment configured with modified irrigation micro-emitters (955.5 ± 153.9 [mean ± standard error of mean] ng cm−2 and 22.7 ± 2.6%, respectively) were numerically higher than the hollow cone nozzles (746.2 ± 104.7 ng cm−2 and 19.0 ± 2.8%, respectively). Moreover, modified irrigation micro-emitter SSCDS had improved spray uniformity in the canopy foliage and on either side of leaf surfaces compared to a hollow cone nozzle. Ground and aerial spray losses, quantified as deposition, were numerically lower for the modified irrigation micro-emitter (121.8 ± 43.4 ng cm−2 and 0.7 ± 0.1 ng cm−2, respectively) compared to the traditional hollow cone nozzle (447.4 ± 190.9 ng cm−2 and 3.2 ± 0.4 ng cm−2, respectively). Overall, the modified irrigation micro-emitter provided similar or superior performance to the traditional hollow cone nozzle with an estimated 12 times reduction in system installation cost.
31
S.M. Salama, Amro, Osama H.M. El Gammal, and Amin M. G. E. Shaddad. "IMPACT OF SUSTAINED DEFFICIT IRRIGATION AND FOLIAR SPRAY OF ASCORBIC ACID ON PRODUCTIVITY AND PEEL DISORDERS OF WONDERFUL POMEGRANATE TREES." International Journal of Advanced Research 8, no. 9 (September 30, 2020): 1043–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/11761.
Full textAbstract:
The investigation was carried out during 2017and 2018 seasons on Wonderful pomegranate trees grown at private orchard located on Cairo-Alexandria Desert road about 50 Km from Cairo, Egypt. Trees planted at 3x5 meters apart in sandy soil and watered from wells using drip irrigation system. The trial was a factorial experiment, hence sustained deficit irrigation100%, 80% and 60% from crop evapotranspiration (ETc) throughout season, the occupied main plot, whereas foliar sprays of ascorbic acid treatments at 0, 500, 750 and 1000 ppm /tree located in the subplots were carried out two times, the first foliar spray was done at full bloom and the second one was performed four weeks later. The results showed that leaf characteristics (leaf area and total chlorophyll), number of fruits per tree, yield and fruit quality traits (weigh, length, diameter, weight of fruit grains, flesh percentage, weight of 100 grains and juice volume) recorded the highest values with higher both irrigation level and sprays of ascorbic acid treatments. On the contrary fruits cracked percentage and fruits sunburned percentage, peel thickness, total sugar, TSS, TSS/acidity, ascorbic acid and water used efficiency showed an adverse correlation with irrigation level. Also, spraying by ascorbic acid is reducing number of fruit cracked, number of sunburned fruits and acidity. On other hand, peel thickness, total sugar, TSS, TSS/acidity and ascorbic acid concentration were increasing. Therefore, sustained deficit irrigation is considered to be an effective strategy for arid and semi-arid regions, moreover ascorbic acid may be used to prevent or mitigate oxidative damage caused by sustained deficit irrigation.
32
Wauchope, R. D., H. R. Sumner, and C. C. Dowler. "A Measurement of the Total Mass of Spray and Irrigation Mixtures Intercepted by Small Whole Plants." Weed Technology 11, no. 3 (September 1997): 466–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00045267.
Full textAbstract:
A plant-weighing procedure was used to measure the total mass of spray mixture intercepted by small whole corn and cotton plants. Mixtures of water and water plus crop oil concentrate or spreader–sticker were applied at spray volumes of 280 to 28,000 L/ha. The plants were weighed before and after passing under the spray and leaf areas, and shoot fresh and dry weights for each plant were measured. Spray deposition increased with spray volumes but not proportionally. Corn plants were larger than cotton plants and retained more spray per plant; however, cotton retained more spray per unit leaf area. The two adjuvants had similar effects on deposition, tending to increase it in corn and decrease it in cotton.
33
Vo, Tuyen, Nam Thanh Nguyen, and Lien Duc Hoang. "OPTIMIZATION PARAMETERS OF IRRIGATION PROCESS ACCORDING TO THE UNIFORMITY." Science and Technology Development Journal 15, no. 1 (March 30, 2012): 80–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v15i1.1778.
Full textAbstract:
In order to determine the optimal parameters of irrigation process in order to verify the accuracy of the numerical simulation results of experimental determination of the effective spray during irrigation [2], [6]. This paper will conduct empirical planning, establishing empirical mathematical model to determine the diameter of the nozzle, swirl coefficient and irrigation output according to the uniformity.
34
Ankush, Ankush, Vikram Singh, and S. K. Sharma. "Response of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) to fertigation by irrigation scheduling in drip irrigation system." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 9, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 1170–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i2.1342.
Full textAbstract:
Drip irrigation technique has proved its superiority over other methods of irrigation due to direct application of water and nutrient in the vicinity of root zone. A field study was conducted to evaluate the effect of irrigation and fertigation scheduling through drip irrigation in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) during Rabi season of 2015-16 at Rajasthan College of Agriculture, MPUAT, Udaipur. There were three irrigation levels and five fertilization levels in split-plot design with three replications. Nutrient content in plant and fruit was found higher under the application of drip irrigation at 100 % PE (I1) and at 100 % RDF through fertigation (F1). Maximum nutrient uptake by tomato i.e. nitrogen (166.83 kg ha-1), phosphorus (41.59 kg ha-1) and potassium (183.08 kg ha-1) was recorded with treatment combination of drip irrigation at 75 % PE (I2) + 75 % RDF through fertigation + 2 foliar spray of 1 % urea phosphate (F3). Similarly, significantly maximum yield and growth attributes i.e. fruit yield (201.25 q ha-1), plant height (67.43 cm) and number of branches (12.33) were registered with treatment combination of drip irrigation at 75 % PE and 75 % RDF through fertigation + 2 foliar spray of 1 % urea phosphate. Drip fertigation method has proved to be very significant in improving nutrient uptake which finally resulting in enhancement of growth and yield of tomato crop.
35
Barickman, T. Casey, Dean A. Kopsell, and Carl E. Sams. "Exogenous Foliar and Root Applications of Abscisic Acid Increase the Influx of Calcium into Tomato Fruit Tissue and Decrease the Incidence of Blossom-end Rot." HortScience 49, no. 11 (November 2014): 1397–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.49.11.1397.
Full textAbstract:
Plants encounter various environmental stress factors that can potentially impact nutritional requirements and fruit quality. Adequate levels of calcium (Ca) in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit have positive effects on fruit quality, specifically firmness. One of the results of insufficient Ca uptake and movement in tomato is the physiological disorder blossom-end rot (BER), which is associated with a Ca deficiency in the distal fruit tissue. Previous research has demonstrated that foliar abscisic acid (ABA) applications decreased the incidence of BER and increased the uptake of Ca into fruit tissue. This study examined how root and foliar spray ABA applications, individually and in combination, affect the partitioning of Ca between the leaves and fruit of tomato plants, especially in the distal tissue, and how ABA affects the incidence of BER in the distal tissue of tomato fruit. ‘Mt. Fresh Plus’ tomato were grown in the greenhouse at 25/20 °C (day/night) under a 16-hour photoperiod. Plants were treated with different Ca concentrations in the fertilizer solution. Plants were also treated with foliar spray ABA applications weekly. Calcium was applied through the irrigation lines at 60, 90, or 180 mg·L−1. ABA treatments were applied as a combination of foliar sprays and root applications. Foliar ABA applications, treatments consisted of deionized (DI) water control (0.0 mg ABA/L) or 500 mg ABA/L. For ABA root applications, treatments consisted of a DI water control (0.0 mg ABA/L) or 50 mg ABA/L applied through the irrigation lines. ABA spray treatments were applied once weekly until dripping from the foliage (tops of pots were covered to prevent spray drip into the pot), whereas root applications were applied four times per day through the irrigation system. Fruit tissues were harvested 84 to 90 days after seeding. Fruit tissue was harvested at red ripe maturity and evaluated for yield, BER, and Ca concentrations. Leaves were harvested at the time of fruit and were analyzed for Ca concentrations. The results indicate that a combination of the spray and root applications of ABA resulted in the greatest decrease in BER. The foliar spray application of ABA combined with the Ca treatment of 180 mg·L−1 decreased the incidence of BER. Results also demonstrate that ABA treatments are effective in increasing fruit Ca and preventing BER in the early stages of plant development but are less effective in preventing Ca deficiency in the later stages of growth.
36
Yang, Q., C. H. Gilliam, G. R. Wehtje, J. S. McElroy, J. L. Sibley, and J. Chamberlin. "Effect of Pre and Post Moisture Level on Preemergence Control of Hairy Bittercress (Cardamine hirsuta L.) with Flumioxazin." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 31, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898.31.1.49.
Full textAbstract:
Moisture is an important component to activate preemergence herbicides; however, this aspect had not been investigated in soilless substrate. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of pre-application moisture levels and post-application irrigation levels in the preemergence control of hairy bittercress with flumioxazin in a pine bark substrate. Three similar experiments were conducted over a 13-month period. Treatments were a factorial arrangement at the following variables: three pre-application moisture levels (dry, medium and wet), two flumioxazin formulations (granular and spray), two flumioxazin rates [0.28 and 0.42 kg ai·ha−1 (0.250 and 0.375 lb ai·A−1)] and four levels of single-event, post-application irrigation [0.6, 1.3, 2.5 and 5.1 cm (0.25, 0.50, 1.00 and 2.00 in)]. Treated pots were overseeded with 25 hairy bittercress at 1 week after flumioxazin application. Pre-application moisture did not affect the flumioxazin efficacy at any time and treatment. The spray formulation (SureGuard) provided maximum fresh weight control (≥ 99%) in weed counts up to 12 weeks after application, regardless of rate, pre-moisture level or post-irrigation level. The granular formulation (BroadStar) was less effective than spray formulation, and efficacy was improved with the higher rate and higher levels of post-application irrigation (Experiments 1 and 3).
37
Monnett, G. T., R. B. Reneau, and C. Hagedorn. "Effects of Domestic Wastewater Spray Irrigation on Denitrification Rates." Journal of Environmental Quality 24, no. 5 (September 1995): 940–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq1995.00472425002400050023x.
Full text
38
A. D. Schneider and T. A. Howell. "LEPA AND SPRAY IRRIGATION OF CORNSOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS." Transactions of the ASAE 41, no. 5 (1998): 1391–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.17313.
Full text
39
G. Lorenzini. "WATER DROPLET DYNAMICS AND EVAPORATION IN AN IRRIGATION SPRAY." Transactions of the ASABE 49, no. 2 (2006): 545–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.20397.
Full text
40
Lorenzini, Giulio. "Air temperature effect on spray evaporation in sprinkler irrigation." Irrigation and Drainage 51, no. 4 (2002): 301–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ird.68.
Full text
41
Yan, HaiJun, HongZhi Jin, and YiChao Qian. "Characterizing center pivot irrigation with fixed spray plate sprinklers." Science China Technological Sciences 53, no. 5 (April 15, 2010): 1398–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11431-010-0090-8.
Full text
42
Bordovsky, James P. "Low-Energy Precision Application (LEPA) Irrigation: A Forty-Year Review." Transactions of the ASABE 62, no. 5 (2019): 1343–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.13117.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. The low-energy precision application (LEPA) irrigation concept was developed 40 years ago (ca. 1978) to address the depletion of irrigation water from the Ogallala Aquifer and the sharp increase in pumping costs caused by the 1970s fuel crisis occurring at that time in the Texas High Plains. The LEPA method applies water to the soil surface at low pressure using a tower-truss irrigation system that continually moves through the field. This method brought changes in irrigation equipment and management that resulted in improvements in water productivity, particularly in semi-arid locations with diminishing water supplies. A review of published information pertaining to LEPA history, evaluation, and usage was performed. On landscapes of less than 1% slope, negative crop yield effects caused by irrigation runoff and start-stop system alignment were overcome with appropriately spaced basins, or furrow checks, and multiple irrigations over the course of the growing season. No consistent yield advantage at any level of irrigation was documented by placing water in every furrow (1 m spacing) compared to alternate furrows (2 m spacing). In irrigation treatments having =50% of the estimated full irrigation quantity, LEPA resulted in a 16% yield increase over sprinkler methods, although subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) resulted in a 14% yield increase over LEPA. At irrigation levels >50% of full irrigation, crop yields of sprinkler treatments were only slightly less than those of LEPA, and SDI yields were 7% greater than LEPA. The LEPA irrigation method was the catalyst for innovations in chemigation, no-till planting, and site-specific irrigation. As irrigation water becomes more limited, use and proper management of optimum irrigation methods will be critical. Keywords: Basin tillage, Chemigation, Evapotranspiration, Irrigation methods, LEPA, Low-energy precision application, Runoff, Spray irrigation, Sprinkler irrigation, Uniformity, Water use efficiency.
43
Paul, S., SC Sarker, TS Roy, R. Chakraborty, M. Roy, and MA Islam. "Foliar Application of Boron and Irrigation Levels on the Performance of Lentil." Bangladesh Agronomy Journal 24, no. 1 (September 7, 2021): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/baj.v24i1.55553.
Full textAbstract:
The experiment was conducted to study the response of lentil to irrigation levels and different methods of boron application in relation to yield and yield contributing characters. Three levels of irrigation viz., I0: control (No irrigation), I1: one irrigation at 25 days after sowing (DAS), I2: two irrigations at 25 DAS and 40 DAS, and four levels of Boron viz., B0: control (No boron), B1: 80% recommended dose (RD) as basal + rest 20% as a foliar spray (FS) at pre-flowering (PF), B2: 60% RD as basal + rest 40% as FS at PF, B3: 40% RD as basal + rest 60% as FS at PF as treatment variables. It was found that the highest number of pods plant-1, number of seeds pod-1, 1000-seed weight, pod length, seed yield and stover yield was obtained with two irrigations. In contrast, B3 had a significant effect on the yield contributing characters of lentil. Results also revealed that numerically more seed yield (638.23 kg ha-1) was recorded in I2B3. Similar trend was found in case of stover yield (751.26 kg ha-1) and biological yield (1389.4 kg ha-1) from I2B3 combinations. These results suggested that combined application of irrigation at 25 and 40 DAS and boron at 40% RD as basal + rest 60% as FS at PF significantly enhanced the crop yields of lentil. Bangladesh Agron. J. 2021, 24(1): 129-138
44
Surtaev, Anton, Aleksandr Nazarov, Anatoliy Serov, Nikolay Miskiv, and Vladimir Serdyukov. "The usage of infrared thermography to investigate spatial variations of heat transfer at spray cooling." EPJ Web of Conferences 196 (2019): 00055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201919600055.
Full textAbstract:
In present paper new approach to study heat transfer at spray cooling, based on the using of high-speed infrared thermography with high spatial resolution is proposed. Also in the paper new data on basic spray parameters, including sizes and velocities of droplets at different pressure at the nozzle inlet were obtained with the use of shadow technique and high-speed video camera. It is found, that heat transfer coefficient is unequally spatially distributed value and essentially depends on flow rate in the stationary irrigation mode. The dependence of heat transfer coefficient on a distance between spray source and heat exchange surface is obtained and an optimal distance corresponding to the maximum heat transfer intensity at present configuration of irrigation points relatively to the heating surface is determined.
45
Brenneman, T. B., H. R. Sumner, L. R. Chandler, J. M. Hammond, and A. K. Culbreath. "Effect of Application Techniques on Performance of Propiconazole for Peanut Disease Control." Peanut Science 21, no. 2 (July 1, 1994): 134–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3146/i0095-3679-21-2-14.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Propiconazole (Tilt®) was applied to Florunner peanut by injection into irrigation water (chemigation) or as a foliar spray. At rates of 0.12-0.25 kg/ha of propiconazole control of both Rhizoctonia limb rot (Rhizoctonia solani AG-4) and stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii) was inconsistent. Chemigation resulted in the lowest incidence of stem rot, but the incidence of stem rot was only 26% less than the control. Yields from plots receiving chemigation were greater than expected based on disease ratings, indicating that some effects of the fungicide were not being evaluated. Where foliar sprays of chlorothalonil were applied for late leaf spot (Cercosporidium personatum), supplemental applications of propiconazole via chemigation improved leaf spot control. However, substituting chemigated propiconazole for foliar sprays of chlorothalonil consistently resulted in more severe leaf spot and, in one year, decreased yields. Propiconazole is most effective against leaf spot when applied as a foliar spray, whereas chemigation applications provide optimum efficacy against soilborne pathogens of peanut.
46
Antypas, I. R., A. G. Dyachenko, and T. P. Savostina. "The effect of changing the spray angle of the irrigation device on the spray diameter." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1515 (April 2020): 042051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1515/4/042051.
Full text
47
Cohen, Omer, Eran Gabay, and Eli E. Machtei. "Cooling Profile Following Prosthetic Preparation of 1-Piece Dental Implants." Journal of Oral Implantology 36, no. 4 (August 1, 2010): 273–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1563/aaid-joi-d-09-00061.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of water irrigation on heat dissipation kinetics following abutment preparation of 1-piece dental implants. UNO 1-piece dental implants were mounted on Plexiglas apparatus clamping the implant at the collar. T-type thermocouple was attached to the first thread of the implant and recorded thermal changes at 100 millisecond intervals. Implants were prepared using highspeed dental turbine at 400 000 RPM with a coarse diamond bur. Once temperature reached 47°C, abutment preparation was discontinued. Thirty implants were divided into 2 groups. Group A: Passive cooling without water irrigation. Group B: Cooling with turbine's water spray adjacent to the implant (30 mL/min). The following parameters were measured: T47 (time from peak temperature to 47°C), T50%, T75% (time until the temperature amplitude decayed by 50% and 75%, respectively), dTemp50%/dt decay, and dTemp75%/dt decay (cooling rate measured at 50% and 75% of amplitude decay, respectively). Water spray irrigation significantly reduced T47 (1.37 ± 0.29 seconds vs 19.97 ± 3.06 seconds, P < 0.0001), T50% (3.04 ± 0.34 seconds vs 27.37 ± 2.56 seconds, P < 0.0001), and T75% (5.71 ± 0.57 seconds vs 57.61 ± 5.47 seconds, P < 0.0001). Water spray irrigation also increased cooling capacity ninefold: dTemp50%/dt decay (4.14 ± 0.61°C/s vs 0.48 ± 0.06°C/s, P < 0.0001), and dTemp50%/dt decay (1.70 ± 0.29°C/s vs 0.19 ± 0.03°C/s, P < 0.0001). The continuous use of water spray adjacent to the abutment following the cessation of implant preparation might prove beneficial for rapid cooling of the implant.
48
Zare, K., F. Vazin, and M. Hassanzadehdelouei. "Effects of Potassium and Iron on Yield of Corn (Zea Mays L.) in Drought Stress." Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova 47, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cerce-2014-0005.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT In hot and arid regions, drought stress is considered as one of the main reasons for yield reduction. To study the effect of drought stress, Iron and potassium spray on the yield and yield components of corn, an experiment was carried out during the crop seasons of 2010 and 2011 on Abosaeid research field of Mahvellat as a split factorial within randomized complete block design with three replicates. The main plots with irrigation factor and three levels were considered: irrigation per 6, 9 and 12 days. Subplots were considered with and without Iron and potassium spray. The irrigation reduced the grain yield in irrigation per 12 more than other stages. Irrigation effects significantly on chlorophyll value, leaf relative water content, stem, ear and leaves dry weight, number grain in ear and row, number row in ear, unfilled seed percentage and thousand grains weight. Iron increased the seed yield and yield component, except unfilled seed percentage and SPAD. Using K, as compared with control treatment, causes the increase of grain yield, 1000 grains weight and number grain in ear 16.5, 9 and 5.5% respectively. Potassium could somewhat reduce the impact drought stress on corn.
49
Marler, Thomas E., and Haluk M. Discekici. "Yield and Root Growth Responses of Papaya to Partial Root Volume Irrigation by Drip or Microsprinkler Irrigation Systems." HortScience 32, no. 3 (June 1997): 545C—545. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.545c.
Full textAbstract:
`Tainung 2' papaya seedlings were transplanted on 30 Jan. 1996 and irrigated with one, two, or three drip irrigation lines per row in one study and with 90°, 180°, or 360° microsprinkler spray patterns in a second study to determine the reproductive and vegetative growth responses to irrigation design. Variable irrigation duration was used to supply a homogeneous amount of water to each plant in the drip irrigation study. The trench profile method was used in the drip irrigation study, and a monolith method was used in the microsprinkler study to determine root distribution at the end of the dry season (30 May to 2 June). All fruits were harvested and weighed on 26 Aug. Roots proliferated underneath the drip lines during the dry season, and root concentration on the profile walls was inversely related to the number of drip lines. Root concentration underneath one drip line was 3.7 times greater, underneath two drip lines was 2.3 times greater, and underneath three drip lines was 1.9 times greater than root concentration in the non-irrigated zones. Roots also proliferated in the wetted zones of the microsprinkler spray patterns. Mean fruit weight and total harvested fruit weight did not differ among the irrigation treatments within each study. The results indicate that papaya roots are highly morphoplastic and proliferate in wetted zones under partial root volume irrigation. One drip line per row supplied ample irrigation coverage under the conditions of this study.
50
Wang, Jun, Songgan Weng, Tongshun Wang, Xing Yang, Miao Hou, and Xinyuan Zhang. "The corps’ growth with different water-saving irrigation conditions in new reclamation areas along the coast of Jiangsu." E3S Web of Conferences 118 (2019): 03044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911803044.
Full textAbstract:
This study performed a quantitative evaluation of the impact of the corps’ growth with different water-saving irrigation conditions in new reclamation areas along the coast of Jiangsu. In this work, the yield and the amount of irrigation water of corps’ (watermelon, green pepper, and rice) with different water-saving irrigation modes were investigated. The results indicate that the drip-irrigation and micro-spray irrigation can observably reduce the amount of irrigation-water. With respect to normal irrigation, the rate of water-saving is 39.2%. At the same time, there’s been some improvement in the yield of corps. Water-saving irrigation can been accepted as an important means for alleviating the shortage of fresh water resources in the new reclamation.