Relevant bibliographies by topics / SPRAD

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'SPRAD'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "SPRAD"

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Timus, D. M., and M. M. Popescu. "The energy sprad of some radiation fields used in activation analysis." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 220, no. 2 (June 1997): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02034846.

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Saraiva Neto, Pery. "Seguros para riscos ambientais e o problema da delimitação da infortunística ambiental em um cenário de riscos difusos e complexos: aspectos jurídicos no Brasil." Revista Ibero-Latinoamericana de seguro 27, no. 48 (July 3, 2018): 105–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.ris48.spra.

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Partindo-se de noção de crise ambiental e da constatação de que o Estado, a sociedade e as empresas vêm criando mecanismos para propiciar o desenvolvimento sustentável, pondera-se que no âmbito jurídico aparecem como importante solução os instrumentos econômicos de proteção ambiental, dentre os quais sobressai-se o Seguro Ambiental. Demonstra-se que, embora de forma ainda tênue, o seguro ambiental vem progredindo no Brasil, fruto não de uma obrigatoriedade legal, mas isto sim de uma evolução gradual e adequada às exigências do mercado. Diante deste contexto, preocupando-se com a inserção e consolidação do seguro ambiental de forma apropriada, rentável e duradoura, ressalta-se que o seguro ambiental deve estar devidamente ajustado às modernas construções legais, jurisprudenciais e doutrinárias sobre responsabilidade civil ambiental. Discorre-se sobre as peculiaridades relacionadas aos riscos e danos ambientais, analisando destacadamente a forma como a jurisprudencia do Superior Tribunal de Justiça vem enfrentando as questões de litigiosidade em matéria ambiental. Conclui-se que o Direito Ambiental que vem sendo implementado pelos Tribunais vem empregando significativas inovações em matéria de responsabilidade civil ambiental, tanto do direito material quanto processual, o que é um cenário de incertezas, fator que dificulta a implementação das técnicas securitárias. São apresentados os principais elementos relacionados à técnica securitária, ressaltando-se a necessidade de os seguros atuarem em cenários jurídicos estáveis e previsíveis. Tais pressupostos, se demonstra, não estão presentes no Direito brasileiro. O modelo legal europeu de asseguração de riscos ambientais é analisado, destacando-se a previsibilidade e segurança possíveis, a partir de marcos legais claros sobre responsabilidades ambientais. Por fim demonstram-se as potencialidades e os benefícios da inserção do seguro ambiental no sistema de tutela do meio ambiente, notadamente como instrumento com vantagens preventivas e reparatórias.
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Markvorsen, Steen. "A Finsler geodesic spray paradigm for wildfire spread modelling." Nonlinear Analysis: Real World Applications 28 (April 2016): 208–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nonrwa.2015.09.011.

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Khaleghi, Hassan, Sajad Yazdanparast, MohammadReza Keshtkar, and Zahra Firouznia. "DEVELOPMENT OF A SPREAD SUBMODEL FOR SPRAY/WALL IMPACTION." Atomization and Sprays 28, no. 10 (2018): 857–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/atomizspr.2018027237.

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OYAGI, Hiroshi, Osamu MORIUE, Masato MIKAMI, and Naoya KOJIMA. "Fundamental Research on Flame Spread Behaviors of Fuel Spray in Microgravity." Proceedings of Conference of Chugoku-Shikoku Branch 2004.I (2004): 135–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmecs.2004.i.135.

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Rashid, M., and Y. G. Karagama. "Study of microbial spread when using multiple-use nasal anaesthetic spray." Rhinology journal 49, no. 3 (August 1, 2011): 281–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4193/rhino10.283.

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Background: Current economic constraints have led to the emergence of reusable anaesthetic sprays with replacement nozzles (Xylocaine) as an alternative to disposable anaesthetic solutions (Co-phenylcaine) for rhinological procedures. The former costs 213.84 per year vers12,047.69 for the latter, at equivocal doses. However, research regarding the sterility of such instruments is limited. The aim of this in vitro study was to determine whether bottles of Xylocaine could pose a risk of cross-infection to patients. Methods: Two techniques were used. The first was to introduce nozzles into methylene blue and fluorescein dyes, and then analysing the anaesthetic solutions using spectrophotometry for assessment of colour change indicating retrograde contamination. The second method involved spraying Xylocaine into cultures of Staphylococcus aureus with concurrent nozzle changes. This was repeated over a 36-day-period. Sterility checks were performed on the Xylocaine before and after inoculation into the culture. Results: None of the anaesthetic solutions showed the presence of dyed saline following spectrophotometric analysis. No S. aureus was isolated from any of the 30 spray bottles cultures over the 36-day trial period. Conclusion: It was demonstrated that using the Xylocaine spray with disposable nozzles for each patient should not pose a cross infection risk to patients.
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Kim, Sayop, Keun Hee Lee, and Chang Sik Lee. "SC2-2: Numerical simulation of the inter-spray impingement(SC: Spray and Spray Combustion,General Session Papers)." Proceedings of the International symposium on diagnostics and modeling of combustion in internal combustion engines 2008.7 (2008): 397–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jmsesdm.2008.7.397.

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Parnell, S., F. van den Bosch, and C. A. Gilligan. "Large-Scale Fungicide Spray Heterogeneity and the Regional Spread of Resistant Pathogen Strains." Phytopathology® 96, no. 5 (May 2006): 549–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-96-0549.

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Most models for the spread of fungicide resistance in plant pathogens are focused on within-field dynamics, yet regional invasion depends upon the interactions between field populations. Here, we use a spatially implicit metapopulation model to describe the dynamics of regional spread, in which subpopulations correspond to single fields. We show that the criterion for the regional invasion of pathogens between fields differs from that for invasion within fields. That is, the ability of a fungicide-resistant strain of a pathogen to invade a field population does not necessarily imply an ability to spread through many fields at the regional scale. This depends upon an interaction between the fraction of fields that is sprayed and the reproductive capacity of the pathogen. This result is of practical significance and indicates that resistance management strategies which currently target within-field processes, such as the use of mixtures and alternations of fungicides, may be more effective if between-field processes also were targeted; for example, through the restricted deployment of fungicides over large areas. We also show that the fraction of disease-free fields is maximized when the proportion of fields that is sprayed is just below the threshold for invasion of the resistant strain.
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Fitriana, Laila, Bawono Widyo Gumelar, Herman Saputro, Tutuko Firdani, Riyadi Muslim, Hengky Aries Ismunandar, Rifqi Arif Zainudin, et al. "Study experimental of flame-spread rate and spread limit distance of bio-solar droplets in microgravity combustion." MATEC Web of Conferences 197 (2018): 08006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819708006.

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The most important issues in spray combustion science are how to understand the mechanism of the combustion of liquid fuel spray, especially in the flame-spread phenomenon. In spray combustion, combustion is the existence of the group is very important in order to obtain the stable combustion. Therefore, the flame spread among fuel droplets affects the occurrence of stable combustion in the spray combustion engine. This study was focused on phenomenon on diesel combustion engines. This research was conducted to study the behavior of flame spread rate of flame spread and limit the distance of bio-diesel liquid droplets. This research method was used experimental research. Microgravity condition was Obtained through the free fall tower with the height of the tower used is 6 m. Observed droplets suspended was placed on SiC fibers with different distance and droplet size 1 mm. This study observed Also the influence of the flame propagation direction of the burning droplet to the next burning droplets that lies in the direction and perpendicular to the direction of the flame propagation. The results showed that the bio-diesel fuel droplet Igniter (I) could burn next droplet (A)at a distance (S/d0) = 8.
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Kook, Sanghoon, Lyle M. Pickett, Mark P. B. Musculus, Kyle Kattke, and Ryan K. Gehmlich. "SC2-4: Liquid-Phase Diesel Spray Penetration during End-of-Injection Transient(SC: Spray and Spray Combustion,General Session Papers)." Proceedings of the International symposium on diagnostics and modeling of combustion in internal combustion engines 2008.7 (2008): 413–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jmsesdm.2008.7.413.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "SPRAD"

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Orreill, Anthony John, and n/a. "Selected effects of a school performance review and development process (SPRAD) on parent participation in a school and parent/teacher relationships : a single site case study." University of Canberra. Professional & Community Education, 1996. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060823.160212.

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School Performance Review and Development (SPRAD) was a major innovation in school evaluation in the Australian Capital Territory. One of its aims was to encourage teachers and parents to work together in evaluating and developing policy across all areas of school life: Administration and Management, Finances, Curriculum and Assessment, Staff and Student Welfare and overall School Climate. SPRAD is different from other forms of school review in that it is system-initiated but kept under the control of the participants. The ACT Department of Education and Training supplies the resourcing and consultative assistance. One of the hopes for SPRAD was that, in bringing teachers and parents closer together, it would create a greater understanding of where each group stood in relation to the other and strengthen parent/teacher relationships. The focus areas for this study were parent participation in classroom and related activities, the various channels of information employed within the school such as school newsletters, reports and interviews, specific notices and letters relaying matters peculiar to class groups and school sectors, parent/teacher information-sharing sessions, parent/teacher involvement in board and P & C activities, and other forms of formal and informal contact. The study highlights the differences and similarities between teachers and parents in relation to "professionalism" and "partnership", and areas of conflict highlighted by Beacham & Hoadley (1979) who discuss the Fortress Model of Schooling, and Darland (lanni et al: 1975) who writes of the "anyone can teach attitude" displayed by many members of the public, i.e. the attitude that because all people have had some experience of schooling, then their opinions on education carry as much weight as those of the professionals; the feeling that what was good for them is good for their children, because they have "been there, done that" and teachers do not really know very much more than they (the public) do. SPRAD was seen to be a helpful factor in developing some aspects of parent/teacher relationships. Satisfaction with parent participation in classroom activities had increased overall despite some drops in actual parent presence at the activities because of the movement of children into the Senior areas of the school. Another example was the lessening of the degree of dissatisfaction with teachers' professional development programmes, especially pupil-free school development days.
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Gove, Benedict. "The impact of pesticide spray drift and fertiliser over-spread on the ground flora of ancient woodland." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7226.

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Chang, Jy-Cheng. "Diesel spray characteristics and spray/wall heat transfer." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295616.

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Mabey, Katie E. "Coanda-Assisted Spray Manipulation Implementation to Plasma Spray." DigitalCommons@USU, 2011. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/997.

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Coanda-assisted Spray Manipulation (CSM) is a means of modifying the direction of a jet. Previous isothermal static vectoring research is expanded to plasma spray. Two- dimensional Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) was used to determine the vectoring results for small angles between 5-10°. Suitable parameters were determined for use on a plasma spray gun for small angle vectoring. Three-dimensional PIV was used to determine the elect of high speed rotation on a vectored jet. A 2-piece CSM collar was retrotted to a Praxair SG-100 plasma spray gun that replaced the standard faceplate. Two separate collars were tested: one designed for small vector angles and one for larger vector angles. The small-angle device could modify the trajectory of zirconia powder up to several degrees. Doing so could realign the plasma with the powder, resulting in increased powder temperature and velocity. The large-angle device could vector the plasma jet up to 45°; however the powder did not vector as much. Under large-angle vectoring, the powder velocity and temperature decreased steadily with vector angle. Both devices were tested using a supersonic conguration.
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Salinas, Angel G. "Spray generation." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1999. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA370728.

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Thesis (M.S. in Mechanical Engineering) Naval Postgraduate School, September 1999.
"September 1999." Thesis advisor(s): T. Sarpkaya. Includes bibliographical references (p. 77). Also Available online.
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Eriksson, Johan, Joakim Oja, and Mattias Olsson. "OC-spray." Thesis, Umeå University, Basic training programme for Police Officers, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-27186.

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En man skulle en kväll gripas av polis för våld mot tjänsteman. Han kunde utan större problem beläggas med handfängsel, men när mannen skulle sättas i polisbilen blev han helt plötsligt vansinnig och började sparka mot polisbilen och mot en polis. Situationen blev ohållbar och mannen sprayades med pepparspray i ansiktet på ungefär 20 cm avstånd i cirka 5 sekunder. Resultatet var omedelbart, mannen bajsade ner sig och kunde lugnt transporteras till polisstationen. Det här var en situation tagen ur verkligheten och det är om detta som vårt arbete skall handla om. Vad oc-sprayens införande innebär för polisens arbete, hur självskyddet påverkas, hur taktiken vid ett ingripande påverkas samt hur våldsanvändningen vid ingripanden kan minskas i och med oc-spray, detta hänger mycket ihop med var sprayen placeras på våldstrappan. I samband med det har vi tittat på ett arbete från Skellefteå polisen där man tar upp bland annat taktik vid ett ingripande och hur placeringen då påverkar taktiken. Detta kan man även dra vidare till polisens arbetsmiljö, man måste ju utveckla ett regelverk som gör att poliserna ute känner sig säkra på vad som gäller och som samtidigt sörjer för en god arbetsmiljö både för polisen och för personerna som de ingriper mot. Även för den delen är det Skellefteå polisens arbete som ligger till grund för vårt resonemang. Vi tar även upp hur examinationen ser ut för att få bära pepparspray och för det har vi läst polishögskolans utbildningsmaterial för oc-spray. Vidare skall vi även titta på om oc-sprayen kommer att nå den civila marknaden så att kanske även ordningsvakter i framtiden kommer att vara utrustade med oc-spray.

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Al-Hakim, Kassem. "An investigation of spray-freezing and spray-freeze-dryings." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2004. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/12935.

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Drying is an important process for a variety of industries such as pharmaceuticals, food, and chemicals, and produce products with low bulk density, good shelf stability, economical storage and transport, and in some cases unique structural qualities. Of the various drying methods available, freeze-drying is the most beneficial for heat sensitive products that susceptible to thermal degradation. Freezedrying also confers a porous structure on the material result from the voids left after subliming the ice crystals. Freeze-drying however is used mainly for high value products due to the high capital and operational costs. The cycle time of such a drier may take several hours. The spray-freeze-drying process has evolved in an attempt to shorten the freezedrying process time. The process atomises a liquid feed to increase the heat and mass transfer surface area. The spray is then frozen in a very cold gas or a cryogenic liquid to form solid particles, which are then freeze-dried. Some processes incorporate a - fluidised bed freeze-drier to reduce the drying time by forced convection heat and mass transfer. This project aim to develop the Spray Freeze- Drying process and examine the effect of the process on the drying entities and resulting product quality, followed by modelling of the spray freezing operation in an attempt to optimise the operation. This thesis is divided into two main areas of investigations; Spray freezing investigation as an influential on the resulting product size and structure. The experiments performed using Phase Doppler Anemometry technique to measure the particle size distributions and velocities in a specially constructed spray freezing chamber with incorporated windows. A spray freeze-drying chamber was constructed composed of three parts co-current spray freezing, gas - particle separation, and fluidisation freeze-drying unites. Successfully spray characterisation measurement was carried in both ambient and sub-ambient temperatures, producing data of the drop size distribution and velocities from refractive scattered laser PDA measurement. The technique produced valuable information about the spray size distribution and velocity, the application of this technique appear was a novel approach in the spray freezing process measurement. The result were used in the established spray freezing model derived from Pham (1984) freezing model incorporating with a recalescence stage from the Hindmarsh (2003) spray freezing model. The current model predicted the droplet freezing time, which is influenced by the droplet diameter, velocity and freezing gas temperature. The results also shows an agreement between the freezing time predicted and the PDA recognition of bursts rejected due to their possible phase change. The spray-freezing-drying chamber was operated in vacuum conditions to produce freeze-dried whey protein powder. The powder characteristic results shows an physical properties such as density, solubility and particle sizes in comparison to spray drying and cryo-spray freeze-drying. The morphology of the spray freeze-dried whey powder is substantially different to that produced by spray drying and displays a porous microstructure. The operation of the freeze-drying unites requires an further investigation for temperature, pressure, and flow control to maintain the freezedrying.
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Cutter, Paul. "Diesel spray characteristics, spray/wall interaction and heat transfer." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7524.

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Vorster, Willem Johannes Jacobus. "Spray quench processing." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.531785.

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Threlfall-Holmes, Philip Nigel. "Spray dryer modelling." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2292.

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Both spraying and drying are critical to spray dryer performance. Models are developed which explain the very different performance of a spray dryer when large droplets of film forming materials are created using a Rayleigh resonance atomiser. The droplet diameter distribution from this "Acoustic Atomiser" is inadequately described by previously reported spray size distribution functions, but well described by the Stable distribution. The alpha parameter of this distribution was found to tend towards the Gaussian limit for low viscosity fluids and the Lorentz limit with increasing viscosity, consistent with behaviour as a simple and damped forced harmonic oscillator respectively, and hence with the physics of the atomisation process. Droplet drying kinetics dominate model predictions. A device using an ultramicrobalance to measure droplet drying kinetics with unprecedented accuracy and range has been designed. A scaling and residence time analysis model was able to account for experimental spray dryer observations. Sprayability even of complex fluids is predicted adequately by the Ohnesorge diagram, provided that extensional rather than shear viscosity is plotted. A new determination of the transient apparent extensional viscosity from arbitrary CaBER time-diameter curves has successfully been used for fluids too complex to analyse using previously published rheological models.
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Books on the topic "SPRAD"

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Spray. New York: Feiwel and Friends, 2010.

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J, Blake Robert. Spray. New York: Philomel Books, 1996.

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Spray finishing. Newtown, CT: Taunton Press, 1996.

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Hunter, E. J. Desert spread. New York: Zebra Books, 1993.

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Gentry, Buck. Savage spread. New York: Zebra Books, 1991.

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Buck, Paul. Spread wide. Paris: Dis Voir, 2004.

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Tropical spray. [Paris]: Alternatives, 2010.

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Salinas, Angel G. Spray generation. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1999.

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D'Costa, Jean. Sprat Morrison. Harlow: Longman Caribbean, 1990.

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Office, Energy Efficiency. Spray drying. London: Dept of the Environment, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "SPRAD"

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Graham, Gloria F. "Spray." In Dermatological Cryosurgery and Cryotherapy, 173–77. London: Springer London, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-6765-5_37.

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Monk, J. Donald. "Spread." In Cardinal Invariants on Boolean Algebras, 405–20. Basel: Springer Basel, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-0730-2_14.

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Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "Spray." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 526. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_9942.

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Weik, Martin H. "spread." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 1643. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_17995.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Spread." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 692–93. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_11070.

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Hui, Cang, Pietro Landi, Henintsoa Onivola Minoarivelo, and Andriamihaja Ramanantoanina. "Spread." In Ecological and Evolutionary Modelling, 25–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92150-1_2.

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Monk, J. Donald. "Spread." In Cardinal Invariants on Boolean Algebras, 175–80. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0346-0334-8_14.

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Monk, J. Donald. "Spread." In Cardinal Functions on Boolean Algebras, 89–93. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-6381-0_12.

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Ertner, Dirk. "Einleitung." In Spread Cheat, 1–4. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-58125-4_1.

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Ertner, Dirk. "Belegen." In Spread Cheat, 101–6. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-58125-4_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "SPRAD"

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Sungkono, Wiratama Dhaneswara, Jeri At Thabari, Koza Brajamagenta, and Yulianto Sulistyo Nugroho. "Modeling of fire spread control in double skin facade by using water spray systems." In THE 5TH INTERNATIONAL TROPICAL RENEWABLE ENERGY CONFERENCE (THE 5TH iTREC). AIP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0063934.

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Shahangian, Navid, Damon Honnery, and Jamil Ghojel. "Homogenisation of High Pressure Diesel Fuel Spray Combustion Using Porous Ceramic Media." In ASME 2012 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2012-92143.

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Interest is growing in the benefits of homogeneous charge compression ignition engines. In this paper we investigate a novel approach to the development of a homogenous charge like environment through the use of porous media. The primary purpose of the media is to enhance the spread of the high pressure fuel spray. In this paper we show through high speed visualizations of both cold and hot spray events, how porous media interactions can give rise to greater fuel air mixing and what role system pressure plays in further enhancing this process.
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Von Deschwanden, Inez, Stefan Braun, and Dieter Brillert. "Effect of Interstage Injection on Compressor Flow Characteristic." In ASME-JSME-KSME 2019 8th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajkfluids2019-4959.

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Abstract Wet compression is a widely used approach to enhance the compressor performance of gas turbine units. For wet compression, a water-spray consisting of tiny droplets is injected into the air inlet duct of the compressor. A multi-phase flow of humid air and water droplets enters the compressor. The continued water evaporation inside the compressor stages causes further cooling during the compression process. Water injection between the compressor stages is called interstage injection. An advantage of interstage injection compared to wet compression is the optimized injection of water at specific positions inside the compressor. The amount of injected water can be adopted to the specific operating conditions of the different injection positions with the ideal of isothermal compression. Interstage injection can be realized by several techniques. This paper focuses on interstage injection of water from the trailing edge of stator blades. The water spray is generated in the complex wake flow of the airfoil. This leads to strong interaction between the water spray and the carrier gas flow. In this paper, especially the impact of water injection on the air flow and the spread of the spray is investigated. Phase Doppler Anemometry (PDA) measurements enable two dimensional velocity measurements linked with the droplet size. The comparison of PDA measurements and Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) calculations of the dry gas flow allows for the identification of flow instabilities due to interstage injection. Within this publication, a significant influence of the water injection from the trailing edge on the carrier flow is identified. Furthermore, the ability of the spray to spread widely into the flow demonstrates that water injection from the trailing edge is a promising technique for interstage injection.
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Huang, Pengfei, Mubbasir Kapadia, and Norman I. Badler. "SPREAD." In the 12th ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2485895.2485911.

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Rossi, Maria-Evgenia G., Fragkiskos D. Malliaros, and Michalis Vazirgiannis. "Spread it Good, Spread it Fast." In WWW '15: 24th International World Wide Web Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2740908.2742736.

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Amagai, Kenji, Yasuhiro Maruyama, Masahiro Saito, and Masataka Arai. "Spray-to-Spray Interactions after Wall Impingement." In 2003 JSAE/SAE International Spring Fuels and Lubricants Meeting. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2003-01-1835.

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Yi, Ran, Xu Zhang, Tao Yang, and Chen-Pin Chen. "Spray Flamelet Modeling of Kerosene Spray Combustion." In AIAA Propulsion and Energy 2019 Forum. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-3867.

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Cader, T., B. Tolman, C. Tilton, and M. C. Harris. "An Investigation of Spray Cooling Thermal Management for Semiconductor Burn-In." In ASME 2003 International Electronic Packaging Technical Conference and Exhibition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2003-35137.

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Semiconductor logic burn-in is a process during which potentially large quantities of devices are subjected to elevated temperatures and voltages in order to accelerate latent reliability defects and processing problems to failure prior to customer delivery. During burn-in, there is typically a large variation in the device power levels as well as a product-specific maximum burn-in temperature. Such variations result in a wide device temperature distribution (i.e., device temperature spread), which lowers the median allowable device temperature for the lot. Burn-in time is directly related to the median device temperature, in the sense that the lower the median temperature, the longer the required burn-in time. An optimum thermal management solution is one that is reliable, low-cost, enables a high median device temperature, and maximizes device throughput. Current thermal solutions include forced convection air-cooling, single-phase liquid-cooled heat sinks, and thermoelectric coolers. Some of the solutions employ thermal interface materials, as well as an active thermal control scheme for minimization of device temperature spread. All current solutions also employ an engage mechanism that places the thermal solution in contact with the device under test (DUT). The thermal solution at each DUT is typically gimbaled in an effort to ensure uniform contact pressure between the cooling head and device. The present study deals with the application of direct spray cooling of semiconductor devices undergoing burn-in: this approach negates the need for an actuation mechanism and thermal interface material, is capable of reduced junction temperature spread via active thermal control, and results in reduced across device temperature “gradients”. A spray cooled burn-in slot level prototype was built to accommodate single burn-in boards for bare DUTs as well as small and large lidded DUTs. The solution was investigated primarily for thermal capability and device-to-device junction temperature spread, but results were also obtained for on-DUT thermal “gradients”. For the specific test conditions selected, the heat flux removal capability demonstrated was 146W/cm2 for the bare DUT, 136W/cm2 for the small lidded DUT, and 63W/cm2 for the large lidded DUT. For each DUT investigated, and through the use of active flow control, the device temperature spread between two devices running at a 50% difference in power levels was shown to be less than 1°C.
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Chao, Feng, Zhang Chengsheng, Kong Fanyu, and Wang Jing. "Effects of spray height and spray angle on spray deposition in tobacco plants." In 2011 6th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciea.2011.5975993.

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Lugscheider, E., F. Ladru, N. Gourlaouen, and C. Gualco. "Enhanced Atmospheric Plasma Spraying of Thick TBCS by Improved Process Control and Deposition Efficiency." In ITSC 1998, edited by Christian Coddet. ASM International, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc1998p1583.

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Abstract The gasturbine industry is performing utmost efforts to allow increased operation temperatures to improve engine efficiency by a reduced cooling air/fuel-ratio. The reason is to save fuel and at the same time lower emission rates. A possible solution to improve the insulation of the Thermal Barrier Coating (TBC) is followed by the strategy of developing reliable thick TBCs. To be successful concerning the coating quality and to apply thick TBCs at reasonable costs and spray time it is necessary to apply the coating consistently by high deposition rates. The plasma spraying of thicker coatings leads to long spray periods which demands for a process control to keep the process parameters within the tolerances during the entire spray procedure. A major property is the control of substrate temperature with pyrometer systems and to define the process tolerances. Furthermore, a high deposition efficiency is of prime importance to shorten spray times. The optimisation of the gas composition in terms of viscosity and thermal conductivity (SPRAL 22) enables to increase dramatically this efficiency by 30% to 70%. Moreover, in order to reduce thermal expansion mismatch between substrate and ceramic top coat, a high amount of porosity is beneficial to lower young's modulus of the ceramic top. This can be achieved by adding a polymer powder to the yttria partly stabilised zirconia powder. It also leads to an increase in deposition efficiency.
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Reports on the topic "SPRAD"

1

Cohen, Randolph, Christopher Polk, and Tuomo Vuolteenaho. The Value Spread. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, April 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w8242.

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McCormick, Norman J. Beam Spread Analysis. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada624997.

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van de Zande, J. C., and M. M. S. ter Horst. Crop related aspects of crop canopy spray interception and spray drift from downward directed spray applications in field crops. Wageningen: Stichting Wageningen Research, Wageningen Plant Research, Business Unit Agrosystems Research, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/514310.

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Whalen C. and S. Y. Zhang. Linac Beam Momentum Spread. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1132434.

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Blue, C. A., V. K. Sikka, Jung-Hoon Chun, and T. Ando. Uniform-droplet spray forming. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/494112.

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Lavernia, E. J., J.-P. Delplanque, and K. M. McHugh. Spray Rolling Aluminum Strip. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/882024.

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Ridder, Stephen D. Thermal spray process reliability:. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.6776.

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Rehm, Ronald G., Anthony Hamins, Howard R. Baum, Kevin B. McGrattan, and David D. Evans. Community-scale fire spread. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.6891.

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Silvester, J. A., and A. Polydoros. Adaptive Spread Spectrum Networks. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada187154.

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Pursley, Michael B., and Dilip V. Sarwate. Spread Spectrum Radio Networks. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada188914.

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